Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: prevalence and effect of past pharmacotherapy in young adults
- Authors: Coetze, Corne
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder , Substance abuse
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58783 , vital:60121
- Description: Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) frequently occurs in patients with SUD. Several studies demonstrated that ADHD constitutes a significant risk factor for the development of SUDs and suggest that childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might help prevent the development of SUD. Furthermore, substance use patterns seem to differ between individuals with and without ADHD. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of ADHD in SUD in a South African treatment-seeking population, substance use patterns, and to determine the effect of past pharmacotherapy on later life’s functional impairment in adult ADHD treatment-seeking patients with a SUD. Method: Adult treatment-seeking SUD patients (n=360) were recruited from rehabilitation facilities and screened using the ADHD Self-Report Scale Symptom Checklist (ASRS-v1.1). ADHD diagnosis was confirmed (n=52) by the Diagnostic-Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0). Adults with ADHD without SUD (n=48) were recruited from clinicians, retail pharmacies and the general public. Life-time substance use was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Tobacco use was assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). ADHD-related functional impairment was assessed by the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS). Information on present and life-time use of ADHD medication was obtained. Clinical outcomes between those with and without a history of pharmacotherapy were compared. Results: ADHD is highly prevalent in South African adult treatment-seeking SUD patients. High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found. Individuals with SUD+ADHD were significantly associated with higher tobacco use. Data indicated increased levels of cannabis consumption among SUD+ADHD individuals, especially among SUD+ADHD females. Furthermore, we found that patients with ADHD were significantly associated with polysubstance use. Our results showed a history of childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy to be associated with less functional ADHD-related impairment across all functional domains and a decreased risk for substance use in later life. Abstract Conclusion: High rates of untreated and unrecognised ADHD were found among treatment-seeking SUD patients. ADHD patients appeared to self-medicate to cope with their symptoms. Childhood ADHD pharmacotherapy might be associated with a decreased risk for substance use in adulthood and lower ADHD-related impairment. Despite study limitations, these findings underline the importance of early ADHD detection and treatment, which might prevent substance use. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-04
The Effects of Alcohol and Sunstance Abuse on Productivity in the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry
- Authors: Fick, Gerard Hendrik
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Substance abuse , Citrus fruit industry , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57654 , vital:58191
- Description: COVID-19 has created a new world to conduct business and few industries were fortunate enough to continue to operate as essential services throughout the pandemic. The South African Citrus Industry was one of these industries. During this pandemic, certain amenities were regarded as dangerous and potentially a contributor to the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Alcohol was deemed one of these contributors. During the lockdown regulations implemented in March of 2020, the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry noticed certain interesting developments concerning labour and productivity. Initial review of the effects of alcohol and substance abuse on the productivity of citrus workers, revealed limited research into the broader South African Citrus Industry, with more focus on the Western Cape and related wine farms. The aim of this research study is to identify the impact of alcohol and substance abuse on productivity within the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry. Specifically focusing on absenteeism, workers injuries on duty and workplace incidents pertaining to disciplinary processes. The research further aims to add a monetary value to the implication of these events on the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry and the possible management strategies involved to remediate the potential affects thereof. This study uses the phenomenological and case study research approaches focusing on the workplace of the researcher within the Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry. Using qualitative content analysis during the interview process, the themes and findings were evaluated alongside the research questions and was found to be in agreement with the views flowing from the research data. The analysis further revealed that Sundays River Valley Citrus Industry is in need of adequate management strategies due to the seasonal nature of the industry to improve labourer job satisfaction and in turn productivity and efficiency. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-04
Mental Health Professionals’ Gender-Sensitivity and Responsiveness to the Genderqueer population in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Systematic Review
- Authors: Maseko, Moosa Lorenzo
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Gender nonconformity , Substance abuse , Mental health personnel , Gender-nonconforming people Counseling of , Discrimination in mental health services , Joanna Briggs Institute’s systematic review method
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/190133 , vital:44966
- Description: Background: The prevalence of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) amongst the genderqueer population is a huge concern in the public mental health system. The genderqueer population’s help-seeking barriers have been attributed to SUD treatment centre’s questionable ability to be responsive to the unique mental health needs of genderqueer individuals. Aim: The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review on mental healthcare workers‟ responsiveness and gender-sensitivity towards the genderqueer population in SUD treatment centres. Methods: Employing the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBIs) systematic review method, 25 qualitative articles were included in this study. A thematic analysis was used to examine the data. Results: The analysis revealed that SUD treatment centres are experienced as discriminatory and unreceptive by the genderqueer population due to several barriers. The barriers identified were structural, financial, personal, cultural and the use of a heterosexual framework to treat SUD which led to abuse, isolation, and stigma. Mental healthcare providers lack skills in working with genderqueer individuals as well as a lack of knowledge on genderqueer related needs. Lack of gender sensitivity affects genderqueer individuals in accessing SUD treatment centres and the progress they make. This magnified the need and importance of specialised gender-responsive and gender-sensitive training in working with genderqueer individuals. Twelve interventions to address the areas of difficulty were identified. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
Exploring the experience of family members living with individuals who abuse alcohol and/or substances: Study conducted in Khayelitsha, Western Cape
- Authors: Modise, Badise
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Alcoholism , Substance abuse , Family violence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/13116 , vital:39466
- Description: The constant, excessive and frequently uncontrollable abuse of alcoholic beverages and drug related substances continues to have many devastating effects on family members of the abusers. The impact can be explored in various ways, but the findings are likely to be hand in glove regardless of the causes associated with this phenomenon. This study aimed to explore the experiences of family members living with individuals who abuse alcohol and/or substances through case studies conducted in Khayelitsha, in the Western Province of South Africa. The study was conducted to gain greater insight into the experiences of the family members in order to provide the appropriate assistance to help them deal with these issues. From the data that was captured and analysed, it was clear that alcohol and substance abuse inflicted profound suffering on family members. It contributes to high levels of interpersonal conflict, domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, financial problems as well as health issues for all parties involved - causing extreme emotional pain and suffering. Living with an alcohol or substance abuser inevitably results in financial burden, dysfunctional relationships and family life in addition to impacting on safety needs. Furthermore, the results have shown that family members of alcohol and substance dependents develop psychological and mental distress; anxiety, and insomnia. Likewise, the family members develop psychophysiological symptoms such as high-blood pressure and chronic headaches. With regards to rehabilitation, family members reported exclusion from rehabilitation programs and lost their belief in self-rehabilitation or detoxification.
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- Date Issued: 2018
Perspectives of communities on use of alcohol among children in rural areas
- Authors: Noganta, Nandi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-3261
- Date: 2013-01
- Subjects: Alcohol use , Substance abuse , Children
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23192 , vital:55893
- Description: Globalisation raises hopes that communities will become self reliant through development success and thus become an integrated whole (Offiong 2001). But the creation of global village leads to fragmentation of communities, a loss of norms and local values. This study focuses on communities of the Eastern Cape Province, exploring the nature of and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals. The researcher aims to develop a culturally sensitive psycho-social approach to address alcohol use among children. The purpose of the research was to investigate the extent to which certain cultural practices contribute towards alcohol use among children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Thus exploring the nature and extent to which children use alcohol as a consequence of cultural rituals and to explore whether families and communities are aware of the impact of alcohol use by children in the community. The research was qualitative in nature and through semi-structured interview schedules the researcher was able to gain insight in the area of substance use amongst children in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. Community members, learners from schools, educators and probation officers formed part of the research sample. The research findings suggest that community members are aware that the traditional rituals that are carried out in the rural areas have been contributing to the issue of children using alcohol. However, the community members feel challenged as they become conflicted by their traditional rituals and this impacts upon children using alcohol. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2013
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- Date Issued: 2013-01
Psychofortology of adults recovering from substance-use disorders
- Authors: Bubb, Tanielle Carmen
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Substance-related disorders -- Therapy , Substance abuse -- Treatment , Substance abuse
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9870 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008117 , Substance-related disorders -- Therapy , Substance abuse -- Treatment , Substance abuse
- Description: Evaluating the psychofortology of adults recovering from a substance-use disorder has been identified as a research priority in South Africa. This is in line with calls from researchers in diverse fields of psychology for more attention to the resilience, strengths, resources and capacities of people. This study therefore aimed to explore and describe the coping resources, sense of coherence, happiness and satisfaction with life of adults recovering from a substance-use disorder within the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The sample consisted of 99 voluntary participants from various managed recovery centres within the Nelson Mandela Metropole. Participants were given a package of questionnaires to complete under the supervision of the researcher. The assessment consisted of a biographical questionnaire and four standardized paper and pencil measures namely; the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-29), the Affectometer 2 (AFM-2) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A quantitative, non-experimental exploratory-descriptive research method was used. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Key findings include the following: Results on the CRI revealed low average mean scores on both the Coping Resources Inventory and within all the five subscales. Results of the SOC-29 revealed a high average mean score for sense of coherence. Results of the AFM-2 revealed that more positive affect than negative affect is present, resulting in happiness. Results of the SWLS revealed an average level of satisfaction with life, with most participants’ reporting neutral levels of satisfaction with life. There were significant positive correlations between the coping resources, sense of coherence, happiness and satisfaction with life of the sample. This implies that these constructs can be categorized under the subdiscipline of psychofortology. Overall, these findings emphasized the need for more research into adults recovering from a substance-use disorder.
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- Date Issued: 2011
Factors contributing to relapse of adult drug users in Buffalo City Municipality Metropolitan, South Africa
- Authors: Charlie, Thobeka V
- Date: 20xx
- Subjects: Substance abuse
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPH
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/18380 , vital:42258
- Description: According to the WHO [2014], one in every 14 people is regular users of drugs, adding up to a total of 3.74 million people (taken as a percentage of the population as of 2013). While the United Nations Office on Drug Crimes (UNDOC) revealed that in 2015, 167,750 people have died due to direct use of drugs, the patterns of drug use have increased from 1.3% to 9.8% in 2018 (UNDOC, 2018:49-51). The Eastern Cape is one of the poorest provinces of South Africa characterized by a poor primary and secondary education system, a lack of basic facilities, and poor transport infrastructure. It is evident that South Africa in general, and the Eastern Cape in particular, is experiencing a major problem with drug and substance abuse, which is especially common in school-going children. Furthermore, the Eastern Cape have limited access to specialized drug rehabilitative services due to the geographical location of existing services and the cost associated with travelling. Rehabilitation centres are available in both the State-funded and privately-owned institutions, yet the researcher was perplexed as to why, despite the proven effectiveness of the rehabilitation program in the private health care facility, relapse of the drug abusers in the Eastern Cape continues to occur. This study aimed to explore and describe the reasons why adult drug abusers who previously completed a detoxification program at Clinic A in Buffalo City Municipality, relapse after discharge. Understanding the reasons or factors of relapse assisted in the formulation of recommendations to adjust the program and prevent or reduce relapses. In this study, a qualitative, descriptive, contextual and exploratory, qualitative research design was followed to gain insight into and understand the reasons that contributed to the relapse of the adult drug abuser in a private health care facility in the Eastern Cape. 9 The population was defined as the entire group of persons who met the inclusion criteria, who relapsed after successful completion of a drug detoxification program. The sample consisted of 25 relapsed persons who were willing to participate. In Phase 1 of the study, the researcher invited relapsed adult abusers who were readmitted for the detoxification program from January to December 2019 to participate in an individual interview. The data was then reduced into patterns, categories and themes by clustering and coding the data according to Tesch’s steps of analysis. In Phase 2 of the study, the researcher critically analysed the detoxification program currently used in the private health care facility. National and international articles and best-practice standards were also consulted. Finally, a literature control was done to place the findings of the study in the context of what was already known. In the phenomenology, the literature should be reviewed after data collection and analysis so that the information in the literature does not influence the researcher in any way. In phase 3 of the study, the researcher wrote recommendations to improve the detoxification program at Clinic A [BCM].
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- Date Issued: 20xx