Beyond mastery: jazz, gender and power in postapartheid South Africa
- Authors: Williams, Ulagh
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432505 , vital:72876 , DOI 10.21504/10962/432512
- Description: This dissertation studies the musical lives of seven South African women who have built highprofile national and international careers as jazz musicians. Empirically it records self-reported experiences and actions that they have identified as relevant to their success within a notoriously patriarchal field. Drawing on feminist research methods and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis the dissertation strives to develop an empathic yet critical epistemological framework attuned to the complexities of their lived experiences as women and as jazz musicians. Theoretically it investigates the power relations at play in the myriad ways they negotiate or have been impelled to negotiate gender and patriarchy as musicians. Chapter one draws attention to the ubiquity of patriarchy in South African and international jazz culture, and highlights the research participants’ numerous successes to date as performers, educators, composers, and bandleaders. Chapter two positions this study in relation to cognate work in South African jazz studies, international feminist jazz studies and feminist phenomenology. Chapters three to five successively consider the participants’ early enculturation as musical and gendered subjects, their agentic responses to structures of patriarchy and/or race as emerging and established professionals, and the ways these experiences have found expression in some of their musical utterances as performers and composers. Fusing art and activism, the participants challenge and transcend masculinist discourses of mastery that still dominate South African jazz as a field of production and aesthetic practice. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Williams, Ulagh
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432505 , vital:72876 , DOI 10.21504/10962/432512
- Description: This dissertation studies the musical lives of seven South African women who have built highprofile national and international careers as jazz musicians. Empirically it records self-reported experiences and actions that they have identified as relevant to their success within a notoriously patriarchal field. Drawing on feminist research methods and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis the dissertation strives to develop an empathic yet critical epistemological framework attuned to the complexities of their lived experiences as women and as jazz musicians. Theoretically it investigates the power relations at play in the myriad ways they negotiate or have been impelled to negotiate gender and patriarchy as musicians. Chapter one draws attention to the ubiquity of patriarchy in South African and international jazz culture, and highlights the research participants’ numerous successes to date as performers, educators, composers, and bandleaders. Chapter two positions this study in relation to cognate work in South African jazz studies, international feminist jazz studies and feminist phenomenology. Chapters three to five successively consider the participants’ early enculturation as musical and gendered subjects, their agentic responses to structures of patriarchy and/or race as emerging and established professionals, and the ways these experiences have found expression in some of their musical utterances as performers and composers. Fusing art and activism, the participants challenge and transcend masculinist discourses of mastery that still dominate South African jazz as a field of production and aesthetic practice. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Music and Musicology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Characterizing shift systems and exploring their effects on sleep and fatigue in South African freight railway operators
- Authors: Mona, Chumani
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424300 , vital:72141
- Description: Embargoed. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Mona, Chumani
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424300 , vital:72141
- Description: Embargoed. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Comparison of the metabolic physiology of exploited and unexploited populations of red roman (Chrysoblephus laticeps) along the south coast of South Africa
- Authors: Nabani, Xolani Prince
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424358 , vital:72146
- Description: Anthropogenic-induced climate change and exploitation pose threat to many marine fishes on which a vast majority of people around the world depend. Rapid changes in sea surface temperature have a direct impact on the physiology of ectothermic organisms such as fish, potentially resulting in changes to population distribution, abundance, and demographics. In the face of climate change, the impacts of increasing temperature variability on fish populations may be exacerbated by exploitation. Understanding how the resilience of exploited populations is affected by climate change is critical to predict how fishes will respond in the future. This study aimed to augment our knowledge on the impact of exploitation and thermal variability on fishes by comparing the thermal physiology of an exploited and unexploited population of the resident, reef-dwelling, Chrysoblephus laticeps. Twenty live fish were collected from the exploited, Cape St Francis and 18 fish from the unexploited, Goukamma Marine Protected Area and transported to the laboratory. The metabolic performance, in terms of standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (AS) of individual C. laticeps were estimated repeatedly at 10 ℃, 16 °C and 21 °C. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between temperature, population, and metabolic rate and a ‘cvequality’ test analysis was used to compare the variance structure of the metabolic rate regression model for each population. Overall, the findings of this study show that Chrysoblephus laticeps from the unexploited population maintains a significantly higher aerobic scope (AS) across all temperature treatments (10, 16 and 21 ℃) when compared with those from the exploited population. In addition, the maximum metabolic rate (MMR) of individuals from the unexploited population was significantly higher than that of individuals from the exploited population, but there was no evidence to suggest that variability was significantly different between the populations. On the other hand, the individuals from an exploited population had a significantly higher standard metabolic rate (SMR) at high temperatures of 21 ℃, while the unexploited population had a low SMR at these high temperatures, but a high SMR at 10 ℃. Despite these differences there was no significant variation in the SMR between the two populations. The findings of this study confirm previous work on different exploited and unexploited populations of C. laticeps and together these findings suggest that hook and line exploitation lead to reduced physiological phenotypic diversity and reduced physiological performance in exploited fish populations. These findings emphasise the importance of incorporating the iii physiological information to develop viable fisheries management tools in the context of climate change. This study also highlights the effectiveness of MPAs in conserving highperformance physiological phenotypes to maintain phenotypic diversity in fish populations. Future research should aim to evaluate the efficacy of existing MPAs in preserving the physiological diversity of important hook and line fisheries species, while fisheries managers should consider augmenting their approaches through the incorporation of well-designed MPA’s to promote physiological diversity. This will be critical to advance the development of sustainable management practices, not only in a South African context but globally, where oceanic and coastal environmental conditions are expected to rapidly change in the future. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Nabani, Xolani Prince
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424358 , vital:72146
- Description: Anthropogenic-induced climate change and exploitation pose threat to many marine fishes on which a vast majority of people around the world depend. Rapid changes in sea surface temperature have a direct impact on the physiology of ectothermic organisms such as fish, potentially resulting in changes to population distribution, abundance, and demographics. In the face of climate change, the impacts of increasing temperature variability on fish populations may be exacerbated by exploitation. Understanding how the resilience of exploited populations is affected by climate change is critical to predict how fishes will respond in the future. This study aimed to augment our knowledge on the impact of exploitation and thermal variability on fishes by comparing the thermal physiology of an exploited and unexploited population of the resident, reef-dwelling, Chrysoblephus laticeps. Twenty live fish were collected from the exploited, Cape St Francis and 18 fish from the unexploited, Goukamma Marine Protected Area and transported to the laboratory. The metabolic performance, in terms of standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (AS) of individual C. laticeps were estimated repeatedly at 10 ℃, 16 °C and 21 °C. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between temperature, population, and metabolic rate and a ‘cvequality’ test analysis was used to compare the variance structure of the metabolic rate regression model for each population. Overall, the findings of this study show that Chrysoblephus laticeps from the unexploited population maintains a significantly higher aerobic scope (AS) across all temperature treatments (10, 16 and 21 ℃) when compared with those from the exploited population. In addition, the maximum metabolic rate (MMR) of individuals from the unexploited population was significantly higher than that of individuals from the exploited population, but there was no evidence to suggest that variability was significantly different between the populations. On the other hand, the individuals from an exploited population had a significantly higher standard metabolic rate (SMR) at high temperatures of 21 ℃, while the unexploited population had a low SMR at these high temperatures, but a high SMR at 10 ℃. Despite these differences there was no significant variation in the SMR between the two populations. The findings of this study confirm previous work on different exploited and unexploited populations of C. laticeps and together these findings suggest that hook and line exploitation lead to reduced physiological phenotypic diversity and reduced physiological performance in exploited fish populations. These findings emphasise the importance of incorporating the iii physiological information to develop viable fisheries management tools in the context of climate change. This study also highlights the effectiveness of MPAs in conserving highperformance physiological phenotypes to maintain phenotypic diversity in fish populations. Future research should aim to evaluate the efficacy of existing MPAs in preserving the physiological diversity of important hook and line fisheries species, while fisheries managers should consider augmenting their approaches through the incorporation of well-designed MPA’s to promote physiological diversity. This will be critical to advance the development of sustainable management practices, not only in a South African context but globally, where oceanic and coastal environmental conditions are expected to rapidly change in the future. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Composition and physiological roles of gut microbiota in the False Coding Moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta)
- Authors: Richardson, Perryn Heather
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424457 , vital:72155
- Description: Gut microbiota can have a profound influence on host performance, behaviour and fitness. For False Codling Moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a major pest of citrus in South Africa, little work has been undertaken to date on gut microbe diversity or its influence on the host. This thesis aimed to i) characterise the gut microbiome of FCM under laboratory conditions and in FCM from the field, ii) and produce moths with reduced gut microbiota through egg dechorionation, which was followed by iii) the measurement of a suite of physiological traits, namely mass, survival and thermal stress in FCM from normal laboratory, dechorionated laboratory and field collected larvae that may be indicative of overall field performance. We aimed to directly test the hypothesis that gut microbial diversity partly determines insect performance and fitness by measuring its effects on growth, development, and tolerance to cold temperatures in FCM. FCM eggs that underwent dechorionation with sodium hypochlorite had an overall effect on larval survival, egg morphology and both larval and adult moth physiological measures. Increasing concentrations of sodium hypochlorite significantly decreased insect survival, (𝜒2(1, n = 10 850) = 21.724, p-value < 0.0001), with a concentration of ≈3.69% as the concentration limit (p-value < 0.001). Successful dechorionation of FCM was achieved with a wash of sodium hypochlorite at around 3.69% concentration and was visually confirmed by reduction of FCM egg surface area, (𝜒2(25, n = 260) p-value < 0.0001) and Scanning Electron Micrographs of the egg morphology. The gut microbiome of FCM from the different focus treatments was successfully characterized. Identification of the dominant bacterial families in these microbiomes revealed Xanthobacteraceae, Beijerinckiaceae and Burkholderiaceae in both the laboratory reared and field collected larvae, which suggests their systematic association with T. leucotreta. The most abundant genera were revealed as Bradyrhizobium, Methylobacterium and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia. Comparison of larval mass showed that treatment (dechorionated or not) had a significant effect on larval mass (𝜒2(2, n = 230) = 22.703, p-value < 0.001), field larvae were heavier than both control larvae and larvae with a disrupted gut microbiome. However, adult insects with a disrupted gut microbiome had more mass than individuals from the control and field-collected larvae with intact gut microbiomes (𝜒2(2, n = 230) = 39.074, p-value < 0.001). Despite the difference in mass between larval treatments, there was no significant difference in relative protein (𝜒2(2, n = 24) = 5.680, p-value = 0.06), carbohydrate (𝜒2(2, n = 24) = 3.940, p-value = 0.14) or lipid (𝜒2(2, n = 24) = 6.032, p-value = 0.05) content between individuals from the control and dechorionated treatments and field-collected individuals. Turning to thermal physiology, insects collected from the field took significantly longer to recover from chill coma than both laboratory treatments with intact and disrupted gut microbiomes (𝜒2(2, n = 129 = 39.659, p-value < 0.001). In addition, exposure to cold stress showed that treatment had a significant effect on insect mortality (𝜒2(2, n = 272) = 9.176, p-value = 0.01), with individuals from the control and dechorionated treatment being less likely to die after experiencing cold stress compared to field-collected individuals. Differences in the mass and thermal tolerance of insects with intact and disrupted gut microbiota suggest that gut microbiota may play an important role in the cold performance of T. leucotreta, and these findings constitute the basis for future molecular work on the functions of these bacterial taxa. This research highlights the need for consideration of the effects of T. leucotreta microbiome in current pest control programs. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Richardson, Perryn Heather
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424457 , vital:72155
- Description: Gut microbiota can have a profound influence on host performance, behaviour and fitness. For False Codling Moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a major pest of citrus in South Africa, little work has been undertaken to date on gut microbe diversity or its influence on the host. This thesis aimed to i) characterise the gut microbiome of FCM under laboratory conditions and in FCM from the field, ii) and produce moths with reduced gut microbiota through egg dechorionation, which was followed by iii) the measurement of a suite of physiological traits, namely mass, survival and thermal stress in FCM from normal laboratory, dechorionated laboratory and field collected larvae that may be indicative of overall field performance. We aimed to directly test the hypothesis that gut microbial diversity partly determines insect performance and fitness by measuring its effects on growth, development, and tolerance to cold temperatures in FCM. FCM eggs that underwent dechorionation with sodium hypochlorite had an overall effect on larval survival, egg morphology and both larval and adult moth physiological measures. Increasing concentrations of sodium hypochlorite significantly decreased insect survival, (𝜒2(1, n = 10 850) = 21.724, p-value < 0.0001), with a concentration of ≈3.69% as the concentration limit (p-value < 0.001). Successful dechorionation of FCM was achieved with a wash of sodium hypochlorite at around 3.69% concentration and was visually confirmed by reduction of FCM egg surface area, (𝜒2(25, n = 260) p-value < 0.0001) and Scanning Electron Micrographs of the egg morphology. The gut microbiome of FCM from the different focus treatments was successfully characterized. Identification of the dominant bacterial families in these microbiomes revealed Xanthobacteraceae, Beijerinckiaceae and Burkholderiaceae in both the laboratory reared and field collected larvae, which suggests their systematic association with T. leucotreta. The most abundant genera were revealed as Bradyrhizobium, Methylobacterium and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia. Comparison of larval mass showed that treatment (dechorionated or not) had a significant effect on larval mass (𝜒2(2, n = 230) = 22.703, p-value < 0.001), field larvae were heavier than both control larvae and larvae with a disrupted gut microbiome. However, adult insects with a disrupted gut microbiome had more mass than individuals from the control and field-collected larvae with intact gut microbiomes (𝜒2(2, n = 230) = 39.074, p-value < 0.001). Despite the difference in mass between larval treatments, there was no significant difference in relative protein (𝜒2(2, n = 24) = 5.680, p-value = 0.06), carbohydrate (𝜒2(2, n = 24) = 3.940, p-value = 0.14) or lipid (𝜒2(2, n = 24) = 6.032, p-value = 0.05) content between individuals from the control and dechorionated treatments and field-collected individuals. Turning to thermal physiology, insects collected from the field took significantly longer to recover from chill coma than both laboratory treatments with intact and disrupted gut microbiomes (𝜒2(2, n = 129 = 39.659, p-value < 0.001). In addition, exposure to cold stress showed that treatment had a significant effect on insect mortality (𝜒2(2, n = 272) = 9.176, p-value = 0.01), with individuals from the control and dechorionated treatment being less likely to die after experiencing cold stress compared to field-collected individuals. Differences in the mass and thermal tolerance of insects with intact and disrupted gut microbiota suggest that gut microbiota may play an important role in the cold performance of T. leucotreta, and these findings constitute the basis for future molecular work on the functions of these bacterial taxa. This research highlights the need for consideration of the effects of T. leucotreta microbiome in current pest control programs. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Computational studies in human African trypanosomiasis
- Authors: Muronzi, Tendai
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431883 , vital:72812 , DOI 10.21504/10962/431885
- Description: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by two subspecies of the parasite, namely Trypanosoma brucei (Tb) gambiense (g-HAT) and rhodesiense (r-HAT). HAT is endemic in sub-Saharan countries, where the parasite transmission vectors, tsetse flies, breed. An estimated 70 million people remain at risk of contracting the disease, where the infection is classified as acute or chronic for g-HAT and r-HAT, respectively, with both forms ending in fatal meningoencephalitis when left untreated. Both g-HAT and r-HAT are responsible for widespread fatal epidemics throughout sub-Saharan African history, resulting from the complex molecular interplay between trypanosomes and humans through unique, innate immunity evasion mechanisms. Of interest, the Tbr subspecies expresses a serum resistance-associated protein (SRA), which binds to human serum lytic factor, apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1), nullifying any trypanocidal activity. In response, ApoL1 (G1 and G2) variants found in humans of sub-Saharan African lineage have been cited for conferring resistance to the r-HAT infection in an interaction that is not fully elucidated In the event of successful infection, current HAT chemotherapeutics are plagued with complexity of administration, poor efficacy, toxicity, and potential drug resistance, highlighting a need for improved approaches. The parasite folate pathway provides a strategic target for alternative anti-trypanosomal drug development as trypanosomatids are folate auxotrophs, requiring host folate for growth and survival. Validated drug targets pteridine reductase (TbPTR1) and dihydrofolate reductase (TbDHFR) are essential for salvaging cofactors folate and folate biopterin crucial to parasite survival, making them viable targets for anti-folate investigation. The overall aims of this thesis were to a) provide insights into the molecular and dynamic basis of the SRA and ApoL1 interplay in HAT infection and b) identify safer and more efficient anti-folate anti-trypanosomal drug alternatives through in silico approaches. To achieve our first aim, in silico structure prediction was applied to generate 3D models of ApoL1 C-terminal variants G0, G1, G1G/M, G2 and G1G2, and four SRA variants retrieved from the NCBI database. The SRA and ApoL1 structures were inspected dynamically to identify the effect of the variants through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis of MD trajectories was fundamental in identifying residues playing a vital role in the intramolecular communication of both proteins in the presence of mutations. Protein-protein docking was then applied to calculate plausible SRA-ApoL1 C-terminal wild-type complex structures to further elucidate the nature of SRA-mediated infection. Through MD simulations, twelve SRA-ApoL1 dimeric structures were narrowed down from five to two energetically sound complexes. The two feasible SRA-ApoL1 complexes (1 and 2) exhibited favourable communication observed through DRN analysis, including the retaining key communication residues identified in prior monomer DRN calculations. ApoL1 C-terminal variants were additionally incorporated into SRA-ApoL1 complexes 1 and 2 for further complex dynamics analysis This investigation into the nature of SRA-ApoL1 binding resulted in five primary outcomes: 1) highlighting the intramolecular effects ApoL1 variants have on the stability of the protein, 2) the identification of crucial SRA and ApoL1 communication residues in both monomeric or dimeric form, 3) the isolation of feasible SRA-ApoL1 complexes determined through global and local structural analyses 4) identification of residues crucial to the complex formation and maintenance of SRA-ApoL1, overlapping with those identified in (1), and 5) the minimal dissociative role of the G1 mutations in the complex, but compounding effect of the G2 deletion mutation. Computational modelling and drug repurposing were employed to achieve the thesis's second aim as they drastically cut down the costs involved in drug discovery and provide a more time-efficient screening method through numerous drug candidates. Using high throughput virtual screening, a subset of 2089 approved DrugBank compounds were screened against TbPTR1. The outputs were filtered to 24 viable compounds in 54 binding poses using binding energy and molecular interactions. Through subsequent MD simulations of 200ns, thirteen potential hit compounds were identified. The resultant hit compounds were subjected to further blind docking against TbDHFR and molecular dynamics to identify compounds with the potential for dual inhibition. The filtered subset was also tested in in vitro single concentration and dose-response bioassays to assess inhibitory properties against Trypanosoma brucei, complementing in silico findings. Post-molecular dynamics, four compounds exhibited high stabilities and molecular interactions with both TbPTR1 and TbDHFR, with two presenting favourable results in the in vitro assays. Three compounds additionally shared common structural moieties. In all, the in silico repurposing highlighted drugs characterised by favourable interactions and stabilities in TbPTR1, thus providing (1) a framework for further studies investigating anti-folate HAT compounds and (2) modulatory scaffolds based on identified moieties that can be used for the design of safe anti-folate trypanosomal drugs. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Muronzi, Tendai
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431883 , vital:72812 , DOI 10.21504/10962/431885
- Description: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by two subspecies of the parasite, namely Trypanosoma brucei (Tb) gambiense (g-HAT) and rhodesiense (r-HAT). HAT is endemic in sub-Saharan countries, where the parasite transmission vectors, tsetse flies, breed. An estimated 70 million people remain at risk of contracting the disease, where the infection is classified as acute or chronic for g-HAT and r-HAT, respectively, with both forms ending in fatal meningoencephalitis when left untreated. Both g-HAT and r-HAT are responsible for widespread fatal epidemics throughout sub-Saharan African history, resulting from the complex molecular interplay between trypanosomes and humans through unique, innate immunity evasion mechanisms. Of interest, the Tbr subspecies expresses a serum resistance-associated protein (SRA), which binds to human serum lytic factor, apolipoprotein L1 (ApoL1), nullifying any trypanocidal activity. In response, ApoL1 (G1 and G2) variants found in humans of sub-Saharan African lineage have been cited for conferring resistance to the r-HAT infection in an interaction that is not fully elucidated In the event of successful infection, current HAT chemotherapeutics are plagued with complexity of administration, poor efficacy, toxicity, and potential drug resistance, highlighting a need for improved approaches. The parasite folate pathway provides a strategic target for alternative anti-trypanosomal drug development as trypanosomatids are folate auxotrophs, requiring host folate for growth and survival. Validated drug targets pteridine reductase (TbPTR1) and dihydrofolate reductase (TbDHFR) are essential for salvaging cofactors folate and folate biopterin crucial to parasite survival, making them viable targets for anti-folate investigation. The overall aims of this thesis were to a) provide insights into the molecular and dynamic basis of the SRA and ApoL1 interplay in HAT infection and b) identify safer and more efficient anti-folate anti-trypanosomal drug alternatives through in silico approaches. To achieve our first aim, in silico structure prediction was applied to generate 3D models of ApoL1 C-terminal variants G0, G1, G1G/M, G2 and G1G2, and four SRA variants retrieved from the NCBI database. The SRA and ApoL1 structures were inspected dynamically to identify the effect of the variants through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Dynamic residue network (DRN) analysis of MD trajectories was fundamental in identifying residues playing a vital role in the intramolecular communication of both proteins in the presence of mutations. Protein-protein docking was then applied to calculate plausible SRA-ApoL1 C-terminal wild-type complex structures to further elucidate the nature of SRA-mediated infection. Through MD simulations, twelve SRA-ApoL1 dimeric structures were narrowed down from five to two energetically sound complexes. The two feasible SRA-ApoL1 complexes (1 and 2) exhibited favourable communication observed through DRN analysis, including the retaining key communication residues identified in prior monomer DRN calculations. ApoL1 C-terminal variants were additionally incorporated into SRA-ApoL1 complexes 1 and 2 for further complex dynamics analysis This investigation into the nature of SRA-ApoL1 binding resulted in five primary outcomes: 1) highlighting the intramolecular effects ApoL1 variants have on the stability of the protein, 2) the identification of crucial SRA and ApoL1 communication residues in both monomeric or dimeric form, 3) the isolation of feasible SRA-ApoL1 complexes determined through global and local structural analyses 4) identification of residues crucial to the complex formation and maintenance of SRA-ApoL1, overlapping with those identified in (1), and 5) the minimal dissociative role of the G1 mutations in the complex, but compounding effect of the G2 deletion mutation. Computational modelling and drug repurposing were employed to achieve the thesis's second aim as they drastically cut down the costs involved in drug discovery and provide a more time-efficient screening method through numerous drug candidates. Using high throughput virtual screening, a subset of 2089 approved DrugBank compounds were screened against TbPTR1. The outputs were filtered to 24 viable compounds in 54 binding poses using binding energy and molecular interactions. Through subsequent MD simulations of 200ns, thirteen potential hit compounds were identified. The resultant hit compounds were subjected to further blind docking against TbDHFR and molecular dynamics to identify compounds with the potential for dual inhibition. The filtered subset was also tested in in vitro single concentration and dose-response bioassays to assess inhibitory properties against Trypanosoma brucei, complementing in silico findings. Post-molecular dynamics, four compounds exhibited high stabilities and molecular interactions with both TbPTR1 and TbDHFR, with two presenting favourable results in the in vitro assays. Three compounds additionally shared common structural moieties. In all, the in silico repurposing highlighted drugs characterised by favourable interactions and stabilities in TbPTR1, thus providing (1) a framework for further studies investigating anti-folate HAT compounds and (2) modulatory scaffolds based on identified moieties that can be used for the design of safe anti-folate trypanosomal drugs. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
COVID19 and accountability in South Africa: legislation, ethics and disaster risk management
- Authors: Chapman, Emma Deidre
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419565 , vital:71655
- Description: Embargoed. Possible release in 2026 pending publication. , Thesis (MSC Pharm) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Chapman, Emma Deidre
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419565 , vital:71655
- Description: Embargoed. Possible release in 2026 pending publication. , Thesis (MSC Pharm) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Design of an LMS-mediated tutorial to support deep and effective engagement in the process of learning mathematics
- Authors: Kigundu, Stephen
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431565 , vital:72786 , DOI 10.21504/10962/431565
- Description: Many institutions of Higher Learning have adopted a variety of Learning Management Systems (LMS) as platforms for e-learning implementation. However, the design and nature of LMS technologies present challenges to the design of LMS-based activities that engage students in learning to do mathematics. There are no clear guidelines or strategies for designing LMS-based activities that engage students in complex mathematical processes. Hence, using technologies in mathematics education often replicates instructivist positions and practices. Conversely, using constructivist principles, modes of mathematical engagement, and e-learning tools to mediate learning provides an integrated framework to transform the use of an LMS as a platform for e-learning implementation and promote deep engagement in mathematical learning. The objective of this study was to explore mechanisms that could be useful for conceiving activities to support the learning of Mathematics using an LMS-mediated tutorial. The design, redesign and evaluation of the e-tutorial are reported upon. In preparation for the study, an LMS-based tutorial was designed and developed to be used as a test-bed to investigate how these e-learning tools could support learning to do mathematics. A Trigonometry module, consisting of course content in the form of resources and tasks to help the students to explore, practice and apply right triangle concepts, was used to investigate and derive design strategies. A mixed method research approach with a reflexive self-study research design was used. A group of first-year university student volunteers studying mathematics in the mechanical engineering department were used to test the tutorial. The students were asked to do a series of tasks using the e-learning environment during the Mathematics tutorial period. Data was collected using in-class observations, interviews, screen capture videos, student-written responses, and system-generated data. All students were encouraged to complete a learning journal detailing their experiences during the tutorial using an LMS-based tool. The students were given no training, but a tutor (researcher) was available to answer any questions they may have had. Contradiction analysis was used to evaluate the data, compare purpose and practice and judge whether the activity or tool was fitted for the intended purpose. Findings were in the form of transformations of the e-tutorial system as it was developed. Among the most noteworthy contributory modifications were changing from 1) “read first, then do” to “do first, read when necessary”, 2) “work on the computer” to “work on paper then capture on the computer”, 3) “physically separated work with computer-enabled social contact”, to "individual computer work in face-to-face social settings.” 4) “single-level of resource provision” to “multi-level, demand-driven resource provision” and 5) “self-regulated” learning process regulation to “computer-assisted” learning process regulation. The discussion of these findings indicated that to enable students’ deep and effective engagement in the process of learning fundamental trigonometry within an LMS-mediated tutorial, one needs to design the system with some activities that can create a demand for knowledge, encourage rough work and face-to-face social interaction, supported by multi-level, demand-driven resources, and computer-assisted learning-process regulation. Contributions to research by this study were in the form of 1) Design Principles for LMS-mediated tutorials, 2) Principles for an e-tutorial development methodology, and 3) The LMS-mediated tutorial system. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Primary and Early Childhood Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Kigundu, Stephen
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431565 , vital:72786 , DOI 10.21504/10962/431565
- Description: Many institutions of Higher Learning have adopted a variety of Learning Management Systems (LMS) as platforms for e-learning implementation. However, the design and nature of LMS technologies present challenges to the design of LMS-based activities that engage students in learning to do mathematics. There are no clear guidelines or strategies for designing LMS-based activities that engage students in complex mathematical processes. Hence, using technologies in mathematics education often replicates instructivist positions and practices. Conversely, using constructivist principles, modes of mathematical engagement, and e-learning tools to mediate learning provides an integrated framework to transform the use of an LMS as a platform for e-learning implementation and promote deep engagement in mathematical learning. The objective of this study was to explore mechanisms that could be useful for conceiving activities to support the learning of Mathematics using an LMS-mediated tutorial. The design, redesign and evaluation of the e-tutorial are reported upon. In preparation for the study, an LMS-based tutorial was designed and developed to be used as a test-bed to investigate how these e-learning tools could support learning to do mathematics. A Trigonometry module, consisting of course content in the form of resources and tasks to help the students to explore, practice and apply right triangle concepts, was used to investigate and derive design strategies. A mixed method research approach with a reflexive self-study research design was used. A group of first-year university student volunteers studying mathematics in the mechanical engineering department were used to test the tutorial. The students were asked to do a series of tasks using the e-learning environment during the Mathematics tutorial period. Data was collected using in-class observations, interviews, screen capture videos, student-written responses, and system-generated data. All students were encouraged to complete a learning journal detailing their experiences during the tutorial using an LMS-based tool. The students were given no training, but a tutor (researcher) was available to answer any questions they may have had. Contradiction analysis was used to evaluate the data, compare purpose and practice and judge whether the activity or tool was fitted for the intended purpose. Findings were in the form of transformations of the e-tutorial system as it was developed. Among the most noteworthy contributory modifications were changing from 1) “read first, then do” to “do first, read when necessary”, 2) “work on the computer” to “work on paper then capture on the computer”, 3) “physically separated work with computer-enabled social contact”, to "individual computer work in face-to-face social settings.” 4) “single-level of resource provision” to “multi-level, demand-driven resource provision” and 5) “self-regulated” learning process regulation to “computer-assisted” learning process regulation. The discussion of these findings indicated that to enable students’ deep and effective engagement in the process of learning fundamental trigonometry within an LMS-mediated tutorial, one needs to design the system with some activities that can create a demand for knowledge, encourage rough work and face-to-face social interaction, supported by multi-level, demand-driven resources, and computer-assisted learning-process regulation. Contributions to research by this study were in the form of 1) Design Principles for LMS-mediated tutorials, 2) Principles for an e-tutorial development methodology, and 3) The LMS-mediated tutorial system. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Primary and Early Childhood Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Developing and exploring a career education programme for disadvantaged FET-phase learners in the northern areas of Gqeberha: a developmental-contextual approach
- Human, Antoinette Charlotte Lucy
- Authors: Human, Antoinette Charlotte Lucy
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432333 , vital:72862 , DOI 10.21504/10962/432333
- Description: Career development theory and assessments in South Africa have often been unscientifically applied to traditionally disadvantaged individuals, with little consideration of the diverse contexts of indigenous groups in the country. Assessment measures were not suited to the needs of learners from resource-constrained environments, nor could learners from these communities access these due to the associated financial costs. Recent research developments (using more holistic approaches) suggest that career counselling in South Africa should move towards better contextualized approaches to understanding and informing career development. Follow-up research projects show the value of such approaches with youth. Postmodern career development theories and models recognise that career counselling and development should focus on supporting individuals in constructing their careers from their own experiences within their environments, particularly for learners from disadvantaged communities whose career decisions and career development are inextricably influenced by their environments. The present study therefore employed the Developmental-Contextual Framework (DCF) to explore the perspectives of FET-phase Life Orientation (LO) educators on the LO curriculum (LO CAPS) for careers and career choices; as well as contextual factors influencing the career development of disadvantaged learners in public schools. The overall aim of the study was to co-construct and explore a customised career education programme, alongside LO educators, and determine whether FET-phase learners from disadvantaged public schools could benefit from such a programme. The DCF emphasises the dynamic relationship between an individual and the environment and the influences thereof on career development. The study draws from previous South African studies with disadvantaged learners and students that acknowledged the applicability of the DCF in the design of career programmes. This framework acknowledges the embeddedness of the individual in their proximal and distal environments and the role of these environments in the career decisionmaking of learners. The study was conducted in disadvantaged secondary schools in the Northern Areas of Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape, with LO educators in the FET-phase and the LO subject advisor at District level. At the initial interview stage the sample consisted of 9 participants and reduced to 6 participants in the focus group stage. The study underlined the impact of various contextual factors on career decision-making and the inclusion of these in career education programmes, particularly when working with learners from disadvantaged environments. Furthermore, the study illustrated that the career education of FET-phase learners in public high schools is lacking in many ways and that LO educators are not adequately trained to teach careers topics and therefore lack skills to support learners with their career development needs. The lack of, as well as poor and outdated career resources, impact negatively on the career education of learners in many public schools. Underpinned by Action Research, over a series of seven focus group meetings, an applicable and relevant programme of career-related activities based on the DCF was planned and evaluated by educators. The cumulative data were thematically analysed and the study revealed that the customised programme could potentially address the career development needs of learners from disadvantaged public schools, if educators are adequately trained to apply it. Recommendations are made for further piloting and implementation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Human, Antoinette Charlotte Lucy
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432333 , vital:72862 , DOI 10.21504/10962/432333
- Description: Career development theory and assessments in South Africa have often been unscientifically applied to traditionally disadvantaged individuals, with little consideration of the diverse contexts of indigenous groups in the country. Assessment measures were not suited to the needs of learners from resource-constrained environments, nor could learners from these communities access these due to the associated financial costs. Recent research developments (using more holistic approaches) suggest that career counselling in South Africa should move towards better contextualized approaches to understanding and informing career development. Follow-up research projects show the value of such approaches with youth. Postmodern career development theories and models recognise that career counselling and development should focus on supporting individuals in constructing their careers from their own experiences within their environments, particularly for learners from disadvantaged communities whose career decisions and career development are inextricably influenced by their environments. The present study therefore employed the Developmental-Contextual Framework (DCF) to explore the perspectives of FET-phase Life Orientation (LO) educators on the LO curriculum (LO CAPS) for careers and career choices; as well as contextual factors influencing the career development of disadvantaged learners in public schools. The overall aim of the study was to co-construct and explore a customised career education programme, alongside LO educators, and determine whether FET-phase learners from disadvantaged public schools could benefit from such a programme. The DCF emphasises the dynamic relationship between an individual and the environment and the influences thereof on career development. The study draws from previous South African studies with disadvantaged learners and students that acknowledged the applicability of the DCF in the design of career programmes. This framework acknowledges the embeddedness of the individual in their proximal and distal environments and the role of these environments in the career decisionmaking of learners. The study was conducted in disadvantaged secondary schools in the Northern Areas of Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape, with LO educators in the FET-phase and the LO subject advisor at District level. At the initial interview stage the sample consisted of 9 participants and reduced to 6 participants in the focus group stage. The study underlined the impact of various contextual factors on career decision-making and the inclusion of these in career education programmes, particularly when working with learners from disadvantaged environments. Furthermore, the study illustrated that the career education of FET-phase learners in public high schools is lacking in many ways and that LO educators are not adequately trained to teach careers topics and therefore lack skills to support learners with their career development needs. The lack of, as well as poor and outdated career resources, impact negatively on the career education of learners in many public schools. Underpinned by Action Research, over a series of seven focus group meetings, an applicable and relevant programme of career-related activities based on the DCF was planned and evaluated by educators. The cumulative data were thematically analysed and the study revealed that the customised programme could potentially address the career development needs of learners from disadvantaged public schools, if educators are adequately trained to apply it. Recommendations are made for further piloting and implementation. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Disaster risk management issues in WASH in South Africa: an examination of selected challenges and development of possible solutions
- Authors: Madikizela, Phindile
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431520 , vital:72782
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Madikizela, Phindile
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431520 , vital:72782
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Discovery and classification of compact radio sources in the MeerKAT Galactic Centre data
- Authors: Rammala, Isabella Dineo
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432218 , vital:72852
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release date in 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Rammala, Isabella Dineo
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432218 , vital:72852
- Description: Access restricted. Expected release date in 2025. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Physics and Electronics, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Distribution and habitat preferences of marine megafauna in Nosy Be, Madagascar
- Authors: Lubbé, Alicea
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424710 , vital:72177
- Description: Marine megafauna have important ecological roles including the top-down regulation of lower trophic levels and the transport of nutrients. They are also charismatic species of socioeconomic importance, due to their public appeal and focus for ecotourism. However, these taxa face numerous anthropogenic threats including bycatch, habitat-loss, noise disturbance, prey reductions, pollution, and vessel traffic. Northwest Madagascar has been identified as an important marine mammal area and whale shark aggregation site, yet limited information on megafauna within Madagascar exists. In this thesis, I investigated the community structure, distribution trends, related environmental factors (Chapter 2) and predicted habitat suitability (Chapter 3) using a species distribution modelling approach for marine megafauna around Nosy Be, North-west Madagascar. Data collection consisted of opportunistic boatbased surveys conducted while looking for whale sharks, mobulid rays and cetaceans. These activities were performed by dedicated ‘swim with whale shark’ tourism operators, Les Baleines Rand'eau and Safari Baleine during tourism activities directed by the Madagascar Whale Shark Project over four years (2016-2019). A total of 1792 sightings were reported with 13 identified species, including elasmobranchs: whale shark, Rhincodon typus; spinetail mobula ray, Mobula japonica; giant oceanic manta ray, Manta birostris; shortfin devil ray, Mobula kuhlii; balaenids: humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; Omura's whale, Balaenoptera omurai, delphinids: Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus; spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris; pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata; Indian ocean humpback dolphin, Sousa plumbea; false killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens; melonheaded whale, Peponocephala electra and one cheloniid species: leatherback sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea. Sightings were spatially analysed at a community level according to feeding guilds (i.e., filter feeders vs. predators), and distribution of the megafauna groups v were compared to selected remotely sensed physico-chemical data (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration) and bathymetry charts (depth and slope) using generalized linear models (Chapter 2). All four variables had a significant effect on filter feeder distribution. Spatial distribution of filter feeder sightings peaked at an area of steep underwater topography (18-50m; x slope=0.5%) located on the west coast of Nosy Be, where foraging aggregations of large filter feeders (primarily R. typus and B. omurai) were frequently observed. Only SST had a significant effect on the relative abundance of animals in the predator feeding guild, which demonstrated a more longitudinal distribution along the continental shelf. The maximum entropy model (Maxent) was used for predicting habitat preference for the most frequently sighted species (Chapter 3). The distribution of whale sharks, mobulid rays and Omura’s whales were significantly overlapped as they were abundant in two main hotspots, Grand banc de l’entrée (~10 km of the west coast) and near Nosy Mitsio island, (~50 km northeast of Nosy Be). Suitable habitat for the dolphins was in relatively shallow waters in temperatures <28ºC near areas of steep changes in bathymetry. Bottlenose and spinner dolphins had a more widespread distribution across the continental shelf and humpback dolphin was closely associated with inshore reefs and occur in waters <10m. The coastal and inshore region of Nosy Be is an important habitat for a variety of megafaunal species, and the continental shelf provided essential areas for feeding and breeding. The results were similar to those presented for these species in other regions of the Indian Ocean (i.e., Eastern and Southern Africa; Western Australia; Seychelles) as well as outside of the Indian Ocean (i.e., Indonesia; Caribbean; North Atlantic). Thus the results from this thesis could be considered for management recommendations for marine conservation in the region. The value and limitations of data collected by citizen science were outlined (Chapter 4). , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Lubbé, Alicea
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424710 , vital:72177
- Description: Marine megafauna have important ecological roles including the top-down regulation of lower trophic levels and the transport of nutrients. They are also charismatic species of socioeconomic importance, due to their public appeal and focus for ecotourism. However, these taxa face numerous anthropogenic threats including bycatch, habitat-loss, noise disturbance, prey reductions, pollution, and vessel traffic. Northwest Madagascar has been identified as an important marine mammal area and whale shark aggregation site, yet limited information on megafauna within Madagascar exists. In this thesis, I investigated the community structure, distribution trends, related environmental factors (Chapter 2) and predicted habitat suitability (Chapter 3) using a species distribution modelling approach for marine megafauna around Nosy Be, North-west Madagascar. Data collection consisted of opportunistic boatbased surveys conducted while looking for whale sharks, mobulid rays and cetaceans. These activities were performed by dedicated ‘swim with whale shark’ tourism operators, Les Baleines Rand'eau and Safari Baleine during tourism activities directed by the Madagascar Whale Shark Project over four years (2016-2019). A total of 1792 sightings were reported with 13 identified species, including elasmobranchs: whale shark, Rhincodon typus; spinetail mobula ray, Mobula japonica; giant oceanic manta ray, Manta birostris; shortfin devil ray, Mobula kuhlii; balaenids: humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; Omura's whale, Balaenoptera omurai, delphinids: Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus; spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris; pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata; Indian ocean humpback dolphin, Sousa plumbea; false killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens; melonheaded whale, Peponocephala electra and one cheloniid species: leatherback sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea. Sightings were spatially analysed at a community level according to feeding guilds (i.e., filter feeders vs. predators), and distribution of the megafauna groups v were compared to selected remotely sensed physico-chemical data (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration) and bathymetry charts (depth and slope) using generalized linear models (Chapter 2). All four variables had a significant effect on filter feeder distribution. Spatial distribution of filter feeder sightings peaked at an area of steep underwater topography (18-50m; x slope=0.5%) located on the west coast of Nosy Be, where foraging aggregations of large filter feeders (primarily R. typus and B. omurai) were frequently observed. Only SST had a significant effect on the relative abundance of animals in the predator feeding guild, which demonstrated a more longitudinal distribution along the continental shelf. The maximum entropy model (Maxent) was used for predicting habitat preference for the most frequently sighted species (Chapter 3). The distribution of whale sharks, mobulid rays and Omura’s whales were significantly overlapped as they were abundant in two main hotspots, Grand banc de l’entrée (~10 km of the west coast) and near Nosy Mitsio island, (~50 km northeast of Nosy Be). Suitable habitat for the dolphins was in relatively shallow waters in temperatures <28ºC near areas of steep changes in bathymetry. Bottlenose and spinner dolphins had a more widespread distribution across the continental shelf and humpback dolphin was closely associated with inshore reefs and occur in waters <10m. The coastal and inshore region of Nosy Be is an important habitat for a variety of megafaunal species, and the continental shelf provided essential areas for feeding and breeding. The results were similar to those presented for these species in other regions of the Indian Ocean (i.e., Eastern and Southern Africa; Western Australia; Seychelles) as well as outside of the Indian Ocean (i.e., Indonesia; Caribbean; North Atlantic). Thus the results from this thesis could be considered for management recommendations for marine conservation in the region. The value and limitations of data collected by citizen science were outlined (Chapter 4). , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Drought impacts on livestock and crop production along an urban-rural gradient: perceptions and response strategies in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa
- Authors: Pamla, Avela
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424732 , vital:72179
- Description: Drought is a major challenge threatening agricultural productivity in urban and rural areas across southern Africa. Drought events are expected to be more frequent, severe, last longer, and, impact land-based livelihoods in the coming decades. Despite the growing literature on the impacts of drought on livelihoods, there is limited focus on the impacts of droughts across rural-urban gradients. The study examined small-scale farmers’ perceptions of drought impacts and response strategies in the contexts of persistent droughts in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A total of 163 respondents, practicing livestock and/or crop farming across six towns, in urban and rural contexts were purposively identified. The study used snowball sampling approach to identify the relevant respondents. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire survey, exploring the respondents' socio-demographic profiles, agricultural activities, perceptions of drought impacts, and drought response strategies. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, t-tests, and chi-square tests to identify patterns, themes, and relationships within the data. Nearly all (>95%) respondents owned livestock while substantially more rural farmers (81%) than urban farmers (35%) engaged in crop production. Drought was perceived by a sizeable proportion (>70%) of small-scale farmers as a very serious environmental challenge with adverse socio-economic repercussions on land-based activities. Livestock losses and crop failure were the key impacts reported by small-scale farmers in both rural and urban settings. About 86% of respondents across the sample reported declines in crop yields, with significantly more farmers in rural sites (45%) than urban sites (31%) reporting so. A substantial proportion of farmers across the sample (93%) reported drought response strategies relating to livestock and crop production, such as changing of farming practices, use of drought-resistant crops and government support, with slight differences in the proportion of farmers reporting so between urban (89 %) and rural (95 %) sites. Concerning government support, most respondents (>70%) stated that they were dissatisfied, with slightly more respondents in urban areas (77%) than in rural (70%) areas reporting so. Overall, the results of this study suggest a minimal response capacity of small-scale farmers to droughts in both rural and urban settings due to socio-economic and administrative factors, which calls for the need for drought-response strategies to build adaptive capacity for small-scale farmers. Turning to close cooperation between different stakeholders, such as local farmers, government officials, practitioners, and scientists might allow co-production of knowledge needed to inform drought response strategies. In some instances, attention needs to be given to farmers who are more vulnerable than others. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Environmental Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Pamla, Avela
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424732 , vital:72179
- Description: Drought is a major challenge threatening agricultural productivity in urban and rural areas across southern Africa. Drought events are expected to be more frequent, severe, last longer, and, impact land-based livelihoods in the coming decades. Despite the growing literature on the impacts of drought on livelihoods, there is limited focus on the impacts of droughts across rural-urban gradients. The study examined small-scale farmers’ perceptions of drought impacts and response strategies in the contexts of persistent droughts in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A total of 163 respondents, practicing livestock and/or crop farming across six towns, in urban and rural contexts were purposively identified. The study used snowball sampling approach to identify the relevant respondents. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire survey, exploring the respondents' socio-demographic profiles, agricultural activities, perceptions of drought impacts, and drought response strategies. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, t-tests, and chi-square tests to identify patterns, themes, and relationships within the data. Nearly all (>95%) respondents owned livestock while substantially more rural farmers (81%) than urban farmers (35%) engaged in crop production. Drought was perceived by a sizeable proportion (>70%) of small-scale farmers as a very serious environmental challenge with adverse socio-economic repercussions on land-based activities. Livestock losses and crop failure were the key impacts reported by small-scale farmers in both rural and urban settings. About 86% of respondents across the sample reported declines in crop yields, with significantly more farmers in rural sites (45%) than urban sites (31%) reporting so. A substantial proportion of farmers across the sample (93%) reported drought response strategies relating to livestock and crop production, such as changing of farming practices, use of drought-resistant crops and government support, with slight differences in the proportion of farmers reporting so between urban (89 %) and rural (95 %) sites. Concerning government support, most respondents (>70%) stated that they were dissatisfied, with slightly more respondents in urban areas (77%) than in rural (70%) areas reporting so. Overall, the results of this study suggest a minimal response capacity of small-scale farmers to droughts in both rural and urban settings due to socio-economic and administrative factors, which calls for the need for drought-response strategies to build adaptive capacity for small-scale farmers. Turning to close cooperation between different stakeholders, such as local farmers, government officials, practitioners, and scientists might allow co-production of knowledge needed to inform drought response strategies. In some instances, attention needs to be given to farmers who are more vulnerable than others. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Environmental Science, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity of phthalocyanines through the reduction in symmetry and conjugation to detonation nanodiamonds
- Authors: Ncwane, Lunathi
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424541 , vital:72162
- Description: This thesis reports on the synthesis of novel phthalocynines tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2ylthio)phthalocyaninato]cobalt(II)chloride (complex 1) and tris(2-(ethylthio)benzo[d]thiazole)2-(phthalocyanine-9-ylthio)propionate cobalt(II) chloride (complex 2). The complexes are combined with DNDs via different techniques such as π-π stacking, covalent linkage and sequential modification on glassy carbon electrode. The synthesized MPcs and conjugates were characterized using UV-visible, mass, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopies as well as transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Combining MPcs with DNDs sought to improve electrooxidation of hydrazine. The electrochemical studies were conducted using cyclic voltammetry, chronocoloumetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. Hydrazine was utilized as an analyte of interest, due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) were modified using drop and dry method. The conjugation via covalent linkage proved to be the best way of enhancing electrocatalytic properties. Since it performed better in terms of limit of detection (0.33 μM), even though catalytic rate and sensitivity are not the highest. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Ncwane, Lunathi
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424541 , vital:72162
- Description: This thesis reports on the synthesis of novel phthalocynines tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2ylthio)phthalocyaninato]cobalt(II)chloride (complex 1) and tris(2-(ethylthio)benzo[d]thiazole)2-(phthalocyanine-9-ylthio)propionate cobalt(II) chloride (complex 2). The complexes are combined with DNDs via different techniques such as π-π stacking, covalent linkage and sequential modification on glassy carbon electrode. The synthesized MPcs and conjugates were characterized using UV-visible, mass, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopies as well as transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Combining MPcs with DNDs sought to improve electrooxidation of hydrazine. The electrochemical studies were conducted using cyclic voltammetry, chronocoloumetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry. Hydrazine was utilized as an analyte of interest, due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) were modified using drop and dry method. The conjugation via covalent linkage proved to be the best way of enhancing electrocatalytic properties. Since it performed better in terms of limit of detection (0.33 μM), even though catalytic rate and sensitivity are not the highest. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of phthalocyanines through finding the ideal combination of substituents in push-pull phthalocyanine-based systems
- Nkhahle, Reitumetse Precious
- Authors: Nkhahle, Reitumetse Precious
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432578 , vital:72882 , DOI 10.21504/10962/432578
- Description: Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are a class of synthetic pigments with a similar structure to porphyrins. The work presented in this thesis is centred around these electron-rich macrocycles and their use in electrocatalysis. This body of work provides a more rigorous analysis on asymmetric Pcs, focusing on finding the “ideal” combination of substituents in the synthesis of A3B-type Pcs and how these asymmetric structures compare with their symmetric counterparts (A4) in the electrocatalysis of hydrazine and nitrite. The choice in substituents in the syntheses of the Pcs was such that there is both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups to induce a push-pull effect. In the studies involving the electrocatalysis of hydrazine, asymmetric cobalt Pcs (CoPcs) possessing alkyl groups as the primary substituents, with variations in the acid-containing group, along with their symmetric counterparts, probes with potential for further improvement were identified. Using voltammetric and amperometric techniques, the analyte-electrode kinetics, mechanism in which the electrochemical reaction proceeds along with the limits of detection (LoD) were determined. In the general sense, the pentadecylphenoxy-derived CoPcs performed better than those containing the tert-butyl substituent as the dominant substituent with the asymmetric CoPcs producing more favourable results than their symmetric analogues. With respect to the probes designed for nitrite, a multi-dimensional approach was undertaken in that acetaminophen was chosen as the primary substituent whilst multiple changes in the asymmetric component were made. In addition to varying the carboxylic acid-containing substituent, alkyne- and amine-based substituents were also explored in which the alkyne-containing Pc was anchored onto the electrode surface through click chemistry while the amine-bearing Pc was covalently linked (and π-stacked) to nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs). Another component that was altered was the central metal where CoPcs were compared to manganese Pcs (MnPcs). The most desirable peak oxidation potential for nitrite was observed in the MnPcs as it was the lowest with adsorption sometimes being a better suited method of electrode modification relative to clicking. The inclusion of NGQDs was found to be beneficial when combined with the symmetric CoPc whilst in the presence of an asymmetric Pc complex, less desirable results were observed. Overall, there were variations in the results with the symmetric CoPc sometimes being better than some of the asymmetric CoPcs demonstrating that a blanket-approach in terms of synthesizing and applying asymmetric Pcs is not always viable. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Nkhahle, Reitumetse Precious
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432578 , vital:72882 , DOI 10.21504/10962/432578
- Description: Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are a class of synthetic pigments with a similar structure to porphyrins. The work presented in this thesis is centred around these electron-rich macrocycles and their use in electrocatalysis. This body of work provides a more rigorous analysis on asymmetric Pcs, focusing on finding the “ideal” combination of substituents in the synthesis of A3B-type Pcs and how these asymmetric structures compare with their symmetric counterparts (A4) in the electrocatalysis of hydrazine and nitrite. The choice in substituents in the syntheses of the Pcs was such that there is both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups to induce a push-pull effect. In the studies involving the electrocatalysis of hydrazine, asymmetric cobalt Pcs (CoPcs) possessing alkyl groups as the primary substituents, with variations in the acid-containing group, along with their symmetric counterparts, probes with potential for further improvement were identified. Using voltammetric and amperometric techniques, the analyte-electrode kinetics, mechanism in which the electrochemical reaction proceeds along with the limits of detection (LoD) were determined. In the general sense, the pentadecylphenoxy-derived CoPcs performed better than those containing the tert-butyl substituent as the dominant substituent with the asymmetric CoPcs producing more favourable results than their symmetric analogues. With respect to the probes designed for nitrite, a multi-dimensional approach was undertaken in that acetaminophen was chosen as the primary substituent whilst multiple changes in the asymmetric component were made. In addition to varying the carboxylic acid-containing substituent, alkyne- and amine-based substituents were also explored in which the alkyne-containing Pc was anchored onto the electrode surface through click chemistry while the amine-bearing Pc was covalently linked (and π-stacked) to nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs). Another component that was altered was the central metal where CoPcs were compared to manganese Pcs (MnPcs). The most desirable peak oxidation potential for nitrite was observed in the MnPcs as it was the lowest with adsorption sometimes being a better suited method of electrode modification relative to clicking. The inclusion of NGQDs was found to be beneficial when combined with the symmetric CoPc whilst in the presence of an asymmetric Pc complex, less desirable results were observed. Overall, there were variations in the results with the symmetric CoPc sometimes being better than some of the asymmetric CoPcs demonstrating that a blanket-approach in terms of synthesizing and applying asymmetric Pcs is not always viable. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, Chemistry, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Enteric microbial responses to host hyperthermia in southern African insectivorous bats: a test of thermal co-adaptation
- Authors: Hunter, Amy Alison
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424391 , vital:72149
- Description: Embargoed. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Hunter, Amy Alison
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424391 , vital:72149
- Description: Embargoed. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Zoology and Entomology, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Evaluating the potential effects of microplastics at environmentally realistic concentrations in South African freshwater systems
- Authors: Mtintsilana, Zintle
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424160 , vital:72129
- Description: Microplastic pollution is spatially broad, microplastics can be found in various habitats including freshwater systems. Microplastic exposure to aquatic organisms has been associated with several physical impacts on aquatic organisms from multiple trophic levels such as; increased immune response, a decrease in food intake, excessive loss of weight, reduced growth rate, reduced energy and adverse effects on successive generations. However, these significant effects of microplastics exposure have been observed mostly in studies that use concentrations of microplastics that exceed environmental concentrations. Therefore, there is an overall lack of research on the effects of microplastics on freshwater organisms using environmentally realistic concentrations, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. A series of toxicity tests were used to expose a range of taxa including Tilapia sparrmanii, Caridina nilotica, and Melanoides tuberculata to different environmentally realistic concentrations of microplastics of different polymers. The study results show that the environmentally realistic concentrations had no statistically significant effects on most of the chosen test organisms and selected study endpoints, except for T. sparrmanii microplastic particle egestion and growth in polyethylene exposures which produced significant results. Although this study showed that at environmentally realistic concentrations and 21 days of exposure, minute effects on the test taxa were detected, various studies have proven that with longer exposure to microplastics, significant effects on freshwater organisms can be detected. Additionally, studies using concentrations higher than the current environmental concentrations have recorded significant effects on organisms and therefore, with increasing concentrations in the environment, more significant effects may be observed. Therefore, plastic pollution in the environment should be reduced as microplastics are in continuous production and circulation, and microplastic concentrations in freshwater environments are predicted to increase. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Water Research, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Mtintsilana, Zintle
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424160 , vital:72129
- Description: Microplastic pollution is spatially broad, microplastics can be found in various habitats including freshwater systems. Microplastic exposure to aquatic organisms has been associated with several physical impacts on aquatic organisms from multiple trophic levels such as; increased immune response, a decrease in food intake, excessive loss of weight, reduced growth rate, reduced energy and adverse effects on successive generations. However, these significant effects of microplastics exposure have been observed mostly in studies that use concentrations of microplastics that exceed environmental concentrations. Therefore, there is an overall lack of research on the effects of microplastics on freshwater organisms using environmentally realistic concentrations, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. A series of toxicity tests were used to expose a range of taxa including Tilapia sparrmanii, Caridina nilotica, and Melanoides tuberculata to different environmentally realistic concentrations of microplastics of different polymers. The study results show that the environmentally realistic concentrations had no statistically significant effects on most of the chosen test organisms and selected study endpoints, except for T. sparrmanii microplastic particle egestion and growth in polyethylene exposures which produced significant results. Although this study showed that at environmentally realistic concentrations and 21 days of exposure, minute effects on the test taxa were detected, various studies have proven that with longer exposure to microplastics, significant effects on freshwater organisms can be detected. Additionally, studies using concentrations higher than the current environmental concentrations have recorded significant effects on organisms and therefore, with increasing concentrations in the environment, more significant effects may be observed. Therefore, plastic pollution in the environment should be reduced as microplastics are in continuous production and circulation, and microplastic concentrations in freshwater environments are predicted to increase. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Institute for Water Research, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Examining teachers’ pedagogical strategies for fostering critical thinking skills in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms: a case study of selected Namibian secondary school teachers
- Authors: Rittmann, Heinrich Heinz
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424097 , vital:72123
- Description: Thesis embargoed. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Rittmann, Heinrich Heinz
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424097 , vital:72123
- Description: Thesis embargoed. Expected release date 2025. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Exploring ESL teachers’ self-developed pedagogical practices for teaching reading comprehension in Namibian primary schools
- Authors: Alumbungu, Marta Ndakalako
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419714 , vital:71669
- Description: Embargoed. Possible release date 2026 pending publication. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Alumbungu, Marta Ndakalako
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/419714 , vital:71669
- Description: Embargoed. Possible release date 2026 pending publication. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Exploring grade 8 teachers’ code-switching in teaching orthographic drawing in the Khomas Educational Region, Namibia
- Authors: Iita, Gabriel
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424041 , vital:72118
- Description: Studies in learner English proficiency in Namibia have shown that a considerable number of learners in primary and high schools have low proficiency. Naturally, this will be problematic for both learners and teachers who operate under a policy that dictates that from Grade 4 upwards, English is the medium of instruction in government schools. Literature has shown a general bias towards English as a medium of instruction from both the Namibian government and Namibian parents, despite the broader level of low English proficiency among learners. Research reviewed within this study has outlined the multiple benefits of code-switching for both learners and teachers. In fact, a recent study on the perceptions of code-switching in classrooms among Namibian learners indicated a positive attitude towards code-switching as a learning tool. Grade 8 Technical Drawing classes tend to be challenging due to the complexity and novelty of some of the concepts and terminologies used when teaching the subject. This makes it particularly difficult for learners whose first language is not English. Learners struggle to understand and make meaning of the concepts and objects used in Orthographic Drawing. Code-switching has been seen as a beneficial pedagogical tool. The study was therefore conducted to explore the Grade 8 teachers’ code-switching when teaching Orthographic Drawing in the Khomas educational region, Namibia. The study used the Matrix Language Frame Model by Myers-Scotton as the theoretical framework which focuses on two crucial language aspects of participating in code-switching and the matrix and embedded language, which guided this study. The qualitative approach employed a case study design which was used to gain first-hand experience in the Technical Drawing classrooms. Semi-structured interviews and an observation checklist were the research instruments that were used to generate data on the use of code-switching in Orthographic Drawing. Two schools, two Technical Drawing classes with 40 learners and two teachers in the Khomas region, Namibia were conveniently and purposively sampled. The data were analysed using coding, descriptive statistics and thematic data analysis. The primary and secondary results indicate that code-switching occurrence has constructive effects. Consequently, recommendations have been made on the effective use of code-switching along with other pedagogical tools based on the research insights into code-switching when teaching and learning Orthographic Drawing. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Humanities, Study of Englishes of Africa, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Iita, Gabriel
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424041 , vital:72118
- Description: Studies in learner English proficiency in Namibia have shown that a considerable number of learners in primary and high schools have low proficiency. Naturally, this will be problematic for both learners and teachers who operate under a policy that dictates that from Grade 4 upwards, English is the medium of instruction in government schools. Literature has shown a general bias towards English as a medium of instruction from both the Namibian government and Namibian parents, despite the broader level of low English proficiency among learners. Research reviewed within this study has outlined the multiple benefits of code-switching for both learners and teachers. In fact, a recent study on the perceptions of code-switching in classrooms among Namibian learners indicated a positive attitude towards code-switching as a learning tool. Grade 8 Technical Drawing classes tend to be challenging due to the complexity and novelty of some of the concepts and terminologies used when teaching the subject. This makes it particularly difficult for learners whose first language is not English. Learners struggle to understand and make meaning of the concepts and objects used in Orthographic Drawing. Code-switching has been seen as a beneficial pedagogical tool. The study was therefore conducted to explore the Grade 8 teachers’ code-switching when teaching Orthographic Drawing in the Khomas educational region, Namibia. The study used the Matrix Language Frame Model by Myers-Scotton as the theoretical framework which focuses on two crucial language aspects of participating in code-switching and the matrix and embedded language, which guided this study. The qualitative approach employed a case study design which was used to gain first-hand experience in the Technical Drawing classrooms. Semi-structured interviews and an observation checklist were the research instruments that were used to generate data on the use of code-switching in Orthographic Drawing. Two schools, two Technical Drawing classes with 40 learners and two teachers in the Khomas region, Namibia were conveniently and purposively sampled. The data were analysed using coding, descriptive statistics and thematic data analysis. The primary and secondary results indicate that code-switching occurrence has constructive effects. Consequently, recommendations have been made on the effective use of code-switching along with other pedagogical tools based on the research insights into code-switching when teaching and learning Orthographic Drawing. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Humanities, Study of Englishes of Africa, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
Exploring how Grade 11 Chemistry teachers mediate learning of the topic redox reactions in their classrooms in Namibia
- Iindombo, Junilla Inamudhimbwa
- Authors: Iindombo, Junilla Inamudhimbwa
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424030 , vital:72117
- Description: The Namibian Chemistry ordinary level syllabus requires learners to study the topic of redox reactions. This topic has proven to be one of the most difficult for Namibian learners as reflected by their poor responses to questions in the Grade 11 and 12 Namibian Senior Secondary Certificate ‘O’ examinations. Teaching abstract concepts such as redox reactions requires higher cognitive thinking skills and thus presents a challenge. Against this background, this study sought to explore how teachers mediate learning of redox reactions in their classrooms. The focus was on conceptual understanding through linking content to the context of the learners. The study was underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm, within which a qualitative case study approach was adopted. Two Grade 11 Chemistry teachers from the Ohangwena and Oshana regions in Namibia were the research participants. I used semi-structured interviews, lesson observations and stimulated recall interviews to collect data. I used Shulman’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge as a theoretical framework in this study and the data sets were analysed using the Topic-Specific Pedagogical Content Knowledge components. Qualitative data were analysed inductively-deductively. The study’s findings revealed that teachers used various mediation tools such as analogies and prior knowledge. The results further illuminated that teachers should develop strong subject content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge to have the best strategies in place to mediate learning of this topic. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13
- Authors: Iindombo, Junilla Inamudhimbwa
- Date: 2023-10-13
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/424030 , vital:72117
- Description: The Namibian Chemistry ordinary level syllabus requires learners to study the topic of redox reactions. This topic has proven to be one of the most difficult for Namibian learners as reflected by their poor responses to questions in the Grade 11 and 12 Namibian Senior Secondary Certificate ‘O’ examinations. Teaching abstract concepts such as redox reactions requires higher cognitive thinking skills and thus presents a challenge. Against this background, this study sought to explore how teachers mediate learning of redox reactions in their classrooms. The focus was on conceptual understanding through linking content to the context of the learners. The study was underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm, within which a qualitative case study approach was adopted. Two Grade 11 Chemistry teachers from the Ohangwena and Oshana regions in Namibia were the research participants. I used semi-structured interviews, lesson observations and stimulated recall interviews to collect data. I used Shulman’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge as a theoretical framework in this study and the data sets were analysed using the Topic-Specific Pedagogical Content Knowledge components. Qualitative data were analysed inductively-deductively. The study’s findings revealed that teachers used various mediation tools such as analogies and prior knowledge. The results further illuminated that teachers should develop strong subject content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge to have the best strategies in place to mediate learning of this topic. , Thesis (MEd) -- Faculty of Education, Secondary and Post-School Education, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-10-13