A clip composition case study of communal wool production in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Dreyer, Susanna Maria
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sheep industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39480 , vital:35265
- Description: Previous studies conducted on wool production in the communal areas of the Eastern Cape have concluded future research should focus on whether the observed differences in average wool price received between shearing sheds are due to differences in clip preparation (i.e. classing) or differences in the quality of the wool being produced (i.e. genetics).The objective of this study was to establish whether there are indeed geographical differences in the average wool price received by communal wool producers in the Eastern Cape and, if so, whether this difference in earnings is attributable to differences in the quality of wool produced and/or clip preparation. The current research explored eight years of wool production records of communal wool farmers (2009/10 to 2016/17) obtained from BKB, the largest wool broker in South Africa. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, parametric tests (i.e. t-test) and multiple regression analysis. The conclusions drawn from this study are: that there are indeed statistically significant differences in the average wool price received between the different geographic areas of the Eastern Cape communal regions, and that the primary determining factor is wool quality, while clip preparation also plays an important but secondary role. The study identified specific geographic areas where developmental interventions are most critical, with specific emphasis on improving the genetic composition of the wool sheep flocks. Specific strategies are recommended, namely:Removing inferior-quality rams and replacing them with superior-quality rams to prevent any inferior nondescript rams from breeding and producing progeny; Replacing the inferior-quality nondescript ewes in specific areas with superior-quality ewes, and Improving the survival rate of lambs and thereby contributing towards expediting the rate of genetic improvement of the communal wool sheep flocks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Dreyer, Susanna Maria
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Sheep industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39480 , vital:35265
- Description: Previous studies conducted on wool production in the communal areas of the Eastern Cape have concluded future research should focus on whether the observed differences in average wool price received between shearing sheds are due to differences in clip preparation (i.e. classing) or differences in the quality of the wool being produced (i.e. genetics).The objective of this study was to establish whether there are indeed geographical differences in the average wool price received by communal wool producers in the Eastern Cape and, if so, whether this difference in earnings is attributable to differences in the quality of wool produced and/or clip preparation. The current research explored eight years of wool production records of communal wool farmers (2009/10 to 2016/17) obtained from BKB, the largest wool broker in South Africa. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, parametric tests (i.e. t-test) and multiple regression analysis. The conclusions drawn from this study are: that there are indeed statistically significant differences in the average wool price received between the different geographic areas of the Eastern Cape communal regions, and that the primary determining factor is wool quality, while clip preparation also plays an important but secondary role. The study identified specific geographic areas where developmental interventions are most critical, with specific emphasis on improving the genetic composition of the wool sheep flocks. Specific strategies are recommended, namely:Removing inferior-quality rams and replacing them with superior-quality rams to prevent any inferior nondescript rams from breeding and producing progeny; Replacing the inferior-quality nondescript ewes in specific areas with superior-quality ewes, and Improving the survival rate of lambs and thereby contributing towards expediting the rate of genetic improvement of the communal wool sheep flocks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Some performance characteristics of wooled sheep in the sweet and sourveld communal rangelands of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Mvinjelwa, Sivuyile Alex
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sheep -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Veld -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Communal rangelands -- South Africa , Grazing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Animal Science)
- Identifier: vital:11825 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015592 , Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sheep -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Veld -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Communal rangelands -- South Africa , Grazing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine sheep growth performance, fleece weights and wool quality characteristics in the sweet and sourveld communal rangelands of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were obtained in 80 ewes aged two to three years, selected in four ecologically different communities. Two communities (Roxeni and Tyabane) were in a sweetveld area and the other two communities (Luzi I and Luzi II) were in a sourveld area. The ewes from Tyabane were nondescript, whereas ewes from Roxeni, Luzi I and Luzi II were crossbred between Merinos and non-descript sheep. Selected ewes were monitored for live weight, body condition scoring and fleece weight during shearing. Wool samples were collected from each ewe and were analysed for fibre diameter, comfort factor, clean yield, wool crimps, staple length, staple strength and the Position of break. Sheep from Roxeni were heavier (P <0.05) (39.9 ± 1.1kg) than sheep from Tyabane (29.8 ± 1.1kg). Sheep from Tyabane had the lightest (P <0.05) fleece weight (1.0 ± 1.1kg) and sheep from Roxeni had the heaviest (3.1 ± 1.1kg). There were no significant differences (P ≥0.05) between body condition scores of sheep in Roxeni and the Luzi communities. The live weights of the two-year old ewes were similar (P ≥0.05) to the three-year old ewes’ live weight. However, the three year old ewes had higher (P <0.05) body condition scores than the two year old ewes. Two year old ewes also had lower (P <0.05) fleece weight than the three years old ewes. Wool from Roxeni, Luzi I and Luzi II had lower fibre diameter (P <0.05) than wool from Tyabane. Roxeni sheep had the highest clean yield (P <0.05) of wool, followed by Luzi I and Luzi II; Tyabane had lowest clean yield percentage of wool. Wool from sheep grazing on sweetveld had a higher (P <0.05) clean yield percentage (74.3 ± 0.7%) than those grazing on sourveld (71.7 ± 0.7%). There were higher staple mid-breaks (69.5 ± 5.2) and lower base-breaks (30.5 ± 5.2) in sweetveld (P <0.05) than in sourveld, 7.5 ± 5.2 and 92.5 ± 5.2 for mid-breaks and lower base-breaks, respectively. It was concluded that sheep raised in the sweetveld and bred with purebred Merino rams had higher performance than the ones reared in the sourveld. The young upgraded ewes had a higher wool quality than the older ewes raised on communal rangelands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Mvinjelwa, Sivuyile Alex
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sheep -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Veld -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Communal rangelands -- South Africa , Grazing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Animal Science)
- Identifier: vital:11825 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015592 , Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sheep -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Veld -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Communal rangelands -- South Africa , Grazing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine sheep growth performance, fleece weights and wool quality characteristics in the sweet and sourveld communal rangelands of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were obtained in 80 ewes aged two to three years, selected in four ecologically different communities. Two communities (Roxeni and Tyabane) were in a sweetveld area and the other two communities (Luzi I and Luzi II) were in a sourveld area. The ewes from Tyabane were nondescript, whereas ewes from Roxeni, Luzi I and Luzi II were crossbred between Merinos and non-descript sheep. Selected ewes were monitored for live weight, body condition scoring and fleece weight during shearing. Wool samples were collected from each ewe and were analysed for fibre diameter, comfort factor, clean yield, wool crimps, staple length, staple strength and the Position of break. Sheep from Roxeni were heavier (P <0.05) (39.9 ± 1.1kg) than sheep from Tyabane (29.8 ± 1.1kg). Sheep from Tyabane had the lightest (P <0.05) fleece weight (1.0 ± 1.1kg) and sheep from Roxeni had the heaviest (3.1 ± 1.1kg). There were no significant differences (P ≥0.05) between body condition scores of sheep in Roxeni and the Luzi communities. The live weights of the two-year old ewes were similar (P ≥0.05) to the three-year old ewes’ live weight. However, the three year old ewes had higher (P <0.05) body condition scores than the two year old ewes. Two year old ewes also had lower (P <0.05) fleece weight than the three years old ewes. Wool from Roxeni, Luzi I and Luzi II had lower fibre diameter (P <0.05) than wool from Tyabane. Roxeni sheep had the highest clean yield (P <0.05) of wool, followed by Luzi I and Luzi II; Tyabane had lowest clean yield percentage of wool. Wool from sheep grazing on sweetveld had a higher (P <0.05) clean yield percentage (74.3 ± 0.7%) than those grazing on sourveld (71.7 ± 0.7%). There were higher staple mid-breaks (69.5 ± 5.2) and lower base-breaks (30.5 ± 5.2) in sweetveld (P <0.05) than in sourveld, 7.5 ± 5.2 and 92.5 ± 5.2 for mid-breaks and lower base-breaks, respectively. It was concluded that sheep raised in the sweetveld and bred with purebred Merino rams had higher performance than the ones reared in the sourveld. The young upgraded ewes had a higher wool quality than the older ewes raised on communal rangelands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
An overview of the management practices for wool production amongst the communal farmers of the Hewu district in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Makapela, Mbulelo Joseph
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Sheep industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sheep -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Reproduction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10734 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1009 , Sheep industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sheep -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Reproduction
- Description: The research was conducted in the Hewu area situated between Queenstown (20 km) and Whittlesea (15km) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. In this area communal farming is practiced. Livestock and livestock products (wool) are the main sources of income. The farmers are mainly farming with Merino and Döhne Merino sheep. The lack of management systems (production, reproduction and management) for communal farmers resulted into ineffective communal farming defining the research problem. The research objectives set were: • To establish production norms for wool sheep. • To establish reproduction norms for wool sheep. • To establish effective management practices for wool sheep farmers. • To examine key constraints of wool sheep farmers. The farmers shear their sheep every 12 months usually in October of every year. The average wool production per sheep is 2.17kg. The clip averages a fineness of 19.1-20 micron. That is far below the wool production of the commercial farmers of the Eastern Cape who are producing between 4kg to 5kg per sheep at an average growing period of 12 months. The lack of proper fencing and camps causes major reproduction problems. The lambing percentage of the ewes is 94.85 percent. The weaning percentage referring to the reproductive efficiency of the mated ewes is only 17.24 percent. The survival rate of the lambs born alive is only 18.18 percent. Reproduction is the biggest problem of communal farms. Effective livestock- and grazing management systems for communal areas are essential for the successful development of farmers on communal grazing areas. Unfortunately the Hewu farmers still have many problems effecting their wool production and the production of lambs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Makapela, Mbulelo Joseph
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Sheep industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sheep -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Reproduction
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10734 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1009 , Sheep industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Wool industry -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sheep -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Reproduction
- Description: The research was conducted in the Hewu area situated between Queenstown (20 km) and Whittlesea (15km) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. In this area communal farming is practiced. Livestock and livestock products (wool) are the main sources of income. The farmers are mainly farming with Merino and Döhne Merino sheep. The lack of management systems (production, reproduction and management) for communal farmers resulted into ineffective communal farming defining the research problem. The research objectives set were: • To establish production norms for wool sheep. • To establish reproduction norms for wool sheep. • To establish effective management practices for wool sheep farmers. • To examine key constraints of wool sheep farmers. The farmers shear their sheep every 12 months usually in October of every year. The average wool production per sheep is 2.17kg. The clip averages a fineness of 19.1-20 micron. That is far below the wool production of the commercial farmers of the Eastern Cape who are producing between 4kg to 5kg per sheep at an average growing period of 12 months. The lack of proper fencing and camps causes major reproduction problems. The lambing percentage of the ewes is 94.85 percent. The weaning percentage referring to the reproductive efficiency of the mated ewes is only 17.24 percent. The survival rate of the lambs born alive is only 18.18 percent. Reproduction is the biggest problem of communal farms. Effective livestock- and grazing management systems for communal areas are essential for the successful development of farmers on communal grazing areas. Unfortunately the Hewu farmers still have many problems effecting their wool production and the production of lambs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
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