A structural investigation of the sulphated polysaccharides of Aeodes orbitosa and Phyllymenia cornea
- Authors: Parolis, Haralambos
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Polysaccharides , Marine algae -- Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4487 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012999
- Description: A highly sulphated, methylated polysaccharide, aeodan, isolated from the red seaweed Aeodes orbitosa was shown to contain galactose, 2-̲̲O-methyl-D-galactose, 4-O̲-methyl-Lgalactose, 6-O̲-methyl-D-galactose, xylose, and glycerol. The polysaccharide was desulphated with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate oxidation of aeodan and desulphated aeodan, followed by reduction and hydrolysis, revealed the presence of 1,4- and 1,3-linked galactose residues and 1,3-linked 6-O̲-methy l-D-galactose residues in aeodan. Treatment of aeodan with sodium hydroxide revealed that the majority of the ester sulphate groups were alkali stable. Methylation of desulphated aeodan revealed that the polysaccharide was composed entirely of 1,3 and 1,4 links. Methylation of aeodan revealed the presence of 1,3- and 1,4- linked units, 1,3-linked galactose-2-sulphate, and 1,3-linked galactose-2, 6-disulphate units in the polysaccharide. Partial hydrolysis of aeodan resulted in the isolation and characterisation of 3-O̲-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose and 4-O̲-ß-D-galactopyranosyl- D-galactose. A sulphated, methylated polysaccharide, phyllymenan, isolated from the red seaweed Phyllymenia cornea was shown to contain galactose, 2-O̲-methyl-D-galactose, 4-O̲-methyl L- galactose , 6-O̲-methyl -D-galactose, and xylose. The polysaccharide was completely desulphated with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate oxidation of phyllymenan before and after desulphation revealed that removal of the sulphate ester groups had not produced any new adjacent hydroxyl groups. Alkali treatment of phyllymenan revealed that the ester sulphate groups were alkali stable. Methylation studies on phyllymenan revealed the presence of 1,3- and 1,4-linked units, 1,3-linked galactose-2-sulphate, and 1,3-linked galactose- 2,6-disulphate units in the polysaccharide. Partial hydrolysis of phyllymenan revealed the presence or 4-O-̲ß- D-Dgalactopyranosyl- D-galactosc, 4-O-̲ß-D-galactopyranosyl -2-0- methyl-D-galactose, a galactosylgalactose composed of D and L-galactose, and adjacent 6-O̲-methyl- and 2-O̲-methyl-D- galactose units in the polysaccharide.
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- Date Issued: 1968
An investigation into the components of motivation so far as these determine employee stability and work satisfaction amongst Europeans and Africans engaged in the same occupational grading in the copper mining industry of Zambia
- Authors: Coetzee, J A G
- Date: 1968
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3383 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013334
- Description: From introduction: The aim of this study is to analyse the motivational system, so far as this regulates and orients the stability and work satisfactions of Europeans and Africans, in a supervisory occupational category engaged in industrial-mining in the Copper Mining Company of Rhokana, Zambia , during a period of six years, ending in 1963 .
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- Date Issued: 1968
Death situations in the short story : a study in structure
- Authors: Ruthrof, Horst
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Short story , Death in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2313 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013108
- Description: In an article on Ernst Cassirer, Konstantin Reichardt says, Since form is the only rational factor of every art, and the form of each art manifests a specific order, 'the order and form of the arts are to be investigated, if we want to examine the artist's imagination at work and the architecture of the world of art. It is the aim of this thesis to cast some light on a small, yet beautiful building within the complex architecture of this world of art, the genre of the short story. To isolate its structural and generic characteristics in general, however, would entail an analytical investigation into a huge number of short stcries, a task too great to be tackled in a thesis. Intro., p. 8.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Die sielkundige aanpassing van drie groepe Bantoes volgens die Rorschach toets
- Authors: Du Preez, Pieter Hendrik
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Rorschach test Black people -- South Africa -- Psychology Ethnopsychology
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3203 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011495
- Description: Die huidige belangrike rol wat die Bantoe van Afrika in internasionale sake speel, is welbekend. So ook die belangrikheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse Bantoe. Hierdie belangrikheid van die Bantoe het egter verbasend skielik en vinnig gekom, so vinnig dat wetenskaplike kennis van hom as mens, nie kon tred hou nie, met die gevolg dat die beskaafde wereld hom swak ken. Die doel van hierdie proefskrif is dan ook om meer Iig te probeer werp op die persoonlikheid van die Bantoe en die lnvloed wat die snel veranderende omstandighede op hom uitoefen. Ten einde die maksimum waarde uit die Rorschach toets wat aangewend is, te verkry, is dlt nodig om beide die determinants berekenings sowel as die inhoudsanalise in berekening te bring. Vir navorsingsdoeleindes waar die resultate van verskeie proefpersone saamgevoeg word in verskiIlende groepe, is dit egter 'n moelIike taak om die gegewens kwantitatief hanteerbaar te kry. Dit is die rede waarom in hierdie studie van ordeskale gebruik gemaak is wat vir die doel heel doeltreffend blyk te gewees het.
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- Date Issued: 1968
From myth to allegory: a study of the poetry of W.H. Auden, with special reference to the poet's intention
- Authors: Bell, I M
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Auden, W. H., (Wystan Hugh), 1907-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2290 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009514 , Auden, W. H., (Wystan Hugh), 1907-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: The more attentively Auden's poetry is studied, the more one critical problem emerges. How can the poet of the "twenties and ' thirties be reconciled with the poet of the last three decades? "We've all got to come to terms with the later Auden" writes Professor Richard Hoggart, but he does not explain how. The man who wrote the pungent early poetry with its constant reiteration of warnings to a sick society that what was needed was " … death, death of the grain, our death, Death of the old gang … " before it could achieve "new styles of architecture, a change of heart", seems an entirely different person from the man who is on the side of Authority to-day; that is to say in so far as Auden can ever be said to be definitely on one side or another. Intro. p. 1.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Government policy and industrial location in South Africa
- Authors: Bell, Robert Trevor
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: South Africa -- Industries -- Location Industrial relations -- Government policy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1079 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009507
- Description: Governments, naturally, pursue social and political as well as economic objectives. The degree to which economic and non-economic objectives harmonise with one another without government interference, however, obviously varies a good deal according to time and place. For instance in the nineteenth century, the priorities of British governments made possible a high degree of individual freedom in the economic sphere. This century, however, as Robbins suggests, has seen a great extension of state activity in the economic sphere, for both economic and non-economic reasons. This tendency, then, is not peculiar to South Africa, but the border industries policy, largely because of its ideological associations and the degree of intervention which it seems to imply, is a particularly controversial example. Chapter 1 para 2.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Studies on the biology of the Cape chestnut psylla paurocephala Calodendri Moran (in press) and the South African citrus psylla Trioza Erytreae (Del Guercio) (Homoptera : Psyllidae)
- Authors: Moran, V C (V. Cliff)
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa , Psylla
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5867 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012883
- Description: Citrus is grown as a commercial crop in several areas surrounding Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Twelve miles South-west of Grahamstown is an orchard of about 6000 trees on the farm "Mosslands". This orchard attracted attention as the insect pests of citrus have been kept at a sub-economic level by natural biological control since 1949. This orchard is completely surrounded by indigenous bush and originally the object of this study was to see, in how far, the insect fauna of the indigenous bush was infuencing the biological control which had been achieved in the orchard. As citrus is a member of the family Rutaceae, four indigenous plants in this family, which occured in the indigenous bush, were chosen for a closer study of their associated insect fauna. This study continued for a year during which time a bewildering number of insects and their parasites were collected and it was realized that only an investigation of a very specific aspect of the problem could possibly yield meaningful results. As a starting point, therefore, Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Homoptera: Psyllidae), the South African citrus psyllid, was singled out. This psyllid was found on citrus at "Mosslands" and was also found on all but one of the indigenous rutaceous plants. It was chosen for study because of its polyphagous habit and because very little is known of the biology of this economically important species in South Africa. Also very little work has been done on the Psyllidae generally. Intro., p. 1.
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- Date Issued: 1968
The measurement of group differences in social concepts
- Authors: Morsbach, Gisela W L
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Ethnic groups -- Psychology -- South Africa , Racism -- South Africa , Stereotypes (Social psychology) , Cross-cultural studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3218 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012907
- Description: The present study attempted a cross-cultural investigation of ethnic and national stereotypes in South Africa, a land inhabited by a heterogeneous population. In this country, real or imagined differences due to racial characteristics profoundly influence social interaction. Moreover, such differences are entrenched and underscored by the prevailing legal system while supplying the rationale for many actions of the goverru:tent in power. On the basis of relevant literature it was assumed that differentiation between stereotypes would be based mainly on colour, but that further distinctive differentiations would be present inside the ensuing major groupings ("White and "Non-White"). It was furthermore attempted to show that various groups differed significantly in their judgment of an ethnic stereotype only if they had a dissimilar relationship with the group to be judged. Altogether 760 subjects were tested. These belonged to the six major ethnic and cultural groups in South Africa (Africans, Afrikaners, Coloureds, English-speaking White Gentiles, Indians, and Jews). They were all asked to judge each one of ten concepts by means of the semantic differential technique, which consisted of twenty adjective pairs. Six of these concepts were the names of the South African groups mentioned above, while another three concepts represented the names of groups outside South Africa ("the Americans", "the Germans", and "the Russians") which play an important role in the thinking of South Africans. Finally, the subjects were asked to rate themselves ("Me"- concept). For the sake of better comparison, only first-year students were tested at various universities. The results were analyzed with the aid of a computer (the ICT computers at the University of Cape Town and at Rhodes University). Since a cross-cultural study rests on the theoretical assumption that any tests used for the purpose of comparison are reliable and valid in all cultures to be investigated, a few additional questions had to be asked. The checks undertaken confirmed that in the present study:- 1) The motivation of the subjects as well as their comprehension of the test's basic aims did not differ to any great extent. 2) The six groups did not differ appreciably as regards the social desirability of adjectives used, the semantic structure of the adjective pairs, and the range of scores on the adjective pairs. Furthermore, it was established that male-female differences in attitudes in each of the six groups tested were negligible. The stereotypes were compared with each other inside every one of the groups tested, as well as being compared between all the groups. These comparisons were carried out on the single adjective pairs separately (by means of the Sign Test and the Median Test), and then undertaken in the context of the factorial structure of the concepts. The major results showed that:- 1. The 'colour line' is an important criterion of evaluation in all groups but the Coloureds and the Jews. a) Apart from a 'Black Factor', on which the concepts "the Africans" and "the Coloureds" obtained high loadings, there appeared to be two factors dealing with the evaluation of the White groups. b) The evaluation of the 'Black Factor' by the African subjects was much more positive than the 'Black Factor' found in other groups. c) The Indian subjects did not regard themselves as belonging to the ' Non-Whites' ; neither were they regarded as such by the other subjects tested. 2. The criterion of colour was of less importance in the Coloured and Jewish groups tested. 3. The Jewish subjects appeared to possess the most differentiated stereotype structure, since, in their case, there were four, instead of the usual three factors to be extracted. Moreover, they tended to regard the Non-'White groups more positively than did the other two White groups. 4. The Afrikaans subjects held the most negative opinion of "the Africans"; conversely, "the Afrikaners" were also rejected more strongly than the English-speaking Whites by the Non-Whites tested. 5. Of all groups rated, "the Americans" were the most liked. 6. The stereotypes of "the Russians" and "the Germans" were fairly similar, except in the case of the Afrikaans subjects, who had an exceptionally positive regard for "the Germans". 1. Ratings of the subjects' own group were generally very much more positive than the ratings of the same group by members of other groups, except in the case of the English-speaking White Gentiles. 8. When any two groups rated a concept differently, this could generally be traced back to, on the one hand, differences in the relationships between each one of the judging groups, and, on the other, the group being judged. In conclusion it can be stated that differences between the groups as regards any one stereotype were generally smaller than the differences between the stereotypes of different concepts as held by any one group tested. Where no special relationships existed between a judging group and one being judged, ethnic and national stereotypes tended to be relatively similar in the various cultures and sub-cultures investigated.
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- Date Issued: 1968