A consideration of the relations between Church and industry
- Authors: Hulley, L D
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Industries -- Religious aspects , Church and industry , Christian life
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Bachelor , BDiv
- Identifier: vital:1295 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015396
- Description: [From Chapter 1]. The first point I wish to make, in fact it can be considered the primary one in this essay for what is to follow is a response to it, is that theology must be responding theology. This is a theology which takes the world seriously and responds to it in a Christian way. This is the approach we find in the New Testament: particularly in the Epistles, concrete problems and behaviour in the lives of his converts to which St. Paul responded prompted the didactic sections of his epistles. J. G. Davies supports this view in Planning for Mission "There are ... two primary realities'' he says "with which the congregation must be concerned: The Gospel of God and the world to which it is sent. 'Authentic theology' emerges out of the dialogue between the Gospel and the world." This is what Tillich calls the method of correlation. First we make an analysis of our situation and then try to relate the Christian message to the problems within it. While this compels us to rethink and reformulate many traditional Christian views, nothing "can change the substance of ... the ... answer, because this is the logos of being, manifest in Jesus as the Christ." This does not say that "we have all the answers" (in fact it will become clear that we do not), but it does express our conviction that the Christian Gospel has to do with life in all its aspects.
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- Date Issued: 1968
A structural investigation of the sulphated polysaccharides of Aeodes orbitosa and Phyllymenia cornea
- Authors: Parolis, Haralambos
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Polysaccharides , Marine algae -- Composition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4487 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012999
- Description: A highly sulphated, methylated polysaccharide, aeodan, isolated from the red seaweed Aeodes orbitosa was shown to contain galactose, 2-̲̲O-methyl-D-galactose, 4-O̲-methyl-Lgalactose, 6-O̲-methyl-D-galactose, xylose, and glycerol. The polysaccharide was desulphated with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate oxidation of aeodan and desulphated aeodan, followed by reduction and hydrolysis, revealed the presence of 1,4- and 1,3-linked galactose residues and 1,3-linked 6-O̲-methy l-D-galactose residues in aeodan. Treatment of aeodan with sodium hydroxide revealed that the majority of the ester sulphate groups were alkali stable. Methylation of desulphated aeodan revealed that the polysaccharide was composed entirely of 1,3 and 1,4 links. Methylation of aeodan revealed the presence of 1,3- and 1,4- linked units, 1,3-linked galactose-2-sulphate, and 1,3-linked galactose-2, 6-disulphate units in the polysaccharide. Partial hydrolysis of aeodan resulted in the isolation and characterisation of 3-O̲-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose and 4-O̲-ß-D-galactopyranosyl- D-galactose. A sulphated, methylated polysaccharide, phyllymenan, isolated from the red seaweed Phyllymenia cornea was shown to contain galactose, 2-O̲-methyl-D-galactose, 4-O̲-methyl L- galactose , 6-O̲-methyl -D-galactose, and xylose. The polysaccharide was completely desulphated with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate oxidation of phyllymenan before and after desulphation revealed that removal of the sulphate ester groups had not produced any new adjacent hydroxyl groups. Alkali treatment of phyllymenan revealed that the ester sulphate groups were alkali stable. Methylation studies on phyllymenan revealed the presence of 1,3- and 1,4-linked units, 1,3-linked galactose-2-sulphate, and 1,3-linked galactose- 2,6-disulphate units in the polysaccharide. Partial hydrolysis of phyllymenan revealed the presence or 4-O-̲ß- D-Dgalactopyranosyl- D-galactosc, 4-O-̲ß-D-galactopyranosyl -2-0- methyl-D-galactose, a galactosylgalactose composed of D and L-galactose, and adjacent 6-O̲-methyl- and 2-O̲-methyl-D- galactose units in the polysaccharide.
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- Date Issued: 1968
A systematic study of the dynamics of human communication : with special reference to systems emergent from the Action Frame of Reference
- Authors: Kapelus, Saville
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Communication , Content analysis (Communication)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3369 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012624 , Communication , Content analysis (Communication)
- Description: "Communication" has been described as one of the busiest crossroads in the study of human behaviour. Workers in many disciplines have stressed the importance of knowledge about communication to their own work as well as contributing to the general pool of literature on the various aspects of the subject. Intro., p. 1
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- Date Issued: 1968
Activity rhythms in the larvae of myrmeleon obscurus ramb : (neuroptera, myrmeleontidae)
- Authors: Morrison, G J
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Ant lions , Myrmeleon
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5868 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012906
- Description: 1) An investigation was undertaken into the various activity rhythms found in the larvae of Myrmeleon obscurus (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Pit construction was used as the criterion of activity. 2) The capacity sensitive electronic circuit used to monitor the daily pit building activity is described. 3) Various factors affecting the size of the pits constructed by ant-lion larvae were investigated. Pit size was found to be correlated with the size of the larvae, larger larvae constructing bigger pits. Population size was also shown to have an effect, since the more crowded the animals were the smaller and closer together their pits became. The death rate due to competition between the larvae also increased as the ant-lions became more crowded. 4) Feeding frequency also affected pit size. Ant-lions which were starved constructed very small pits. 5) Pit size was affected by the texture of the sand, maximal pit size being attained in sand with a grain size of between 353 μ and 211 μ. This was shown to be the most abundant grain size in sand from the natural habitat. In sand coarser or finer than this, pit size was reduced. 6) Generally smaller pits were constructed at lower temperatures, but this response depended largely on the lunar cycle. The upper and lower critical limits for pit construction were found to be 11° C and 42° C. Below and above these temperatures no pits were constructed, although the ant-lions remained alive. 7) Daily destruction of the pits decreased the pit size. 8) The existence of the daily pit building activity rhythm, which occurs at dusk, was demonstrated in individuals and in populations of ant-lion larvae. This rhythm was studied using the capacity sensitive circuit, and also by direct observation of groups of animals over a 24 hour period. 9) The daily activity rhythm appeared to be endogenous, since it continued for at least a month both in constant light and in constant dark. The rhythm was altered by reversals in the daily light-dark cycle, and it was concluded that light was the main phase setting factor. 10) An attempt was made to determine the location of the "clock" or "clocks" controlling the daily activity rhythm. This was investigated by chilling the heads of individual ant-lions with a fine copper wire, and also by chilling large groups of animals in the refrigerator. From these experiments no definite conclusions could be drawn about the location of the "clock". 11) The existence of a lunar pit building cycle was demonstrated in both field and laboratory populations of ant-lions. Maximal pit size was attained at full moon. Very low temperatures were found to suppress these lunar peaks. 12) The lunar pit building rhythm was shown to be endogenous, since it continued for at least two months in constant dark and one month in constant light. 13) The lunar pit building rhythm of very young larvae was investigated, and it was shown that while larvae which hatched in the field appeared to possess a lunar rhythm, larvae which were hatched in the laboratory did not have a rhythm. It was therefore concluded that the light of the moon was necessary to establish the lunar rhythm. 14) Some possible explanations for the lunar cycle were investigated experimentally. It was concluded that the lunar rhythm was not related to the number of prey present at various times of the lunar cycle or to the spacing of the animals in their habitat. The lunar rhythm was shown to be due to the combination of a lunar day activity rhythm and a solar day activity rhythm. 15) Some aspects of the daily rhythm are discussed, and this rhythm is compared with those found in other insects. Probable functional reasons for the rhythm are presented. Summary, p. 133-136.
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- Date Issued: 1968
An analytical commentary on Act No 40 (Welfare Organisations Act) of 1947 and its relation to Act No 79 (National Welfare Act) of 1965
- Authors: Barratt, Inez
- Date: 1968
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:21286 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7690
- Description: From Introduction: Act No. 40 of 1947, after nineteen years in operation has been superseded by Act No. 79 of 1965. Here an attempt will be made to establish first those conditions which, in the years preceding 1944, produced a demand, both from the general electorate, from members of the legislature and from those actively concerned with the problems of social welfare in South Africa, that appropriate legislation be promulgated to alleviate the conditions. As Act 40/1947 was drafted in an attempt to remedy antecedent conditions, so it is hoped to show that in its provisions, and their attempted execution by the organs established in terms of the Act, there may be discerned the germs of at least some of the provisions of Act 79/1965. Effects of past economic depressions as well as a more recent increased awareness of overseas conditions and thinking, coupled with the war-time atmosphere and the start of rapid industrialisation all .affected the legislation that was finally passed. The degree of unanimity amongst those who advocated control of Welfare bodies through legislation will be considered, as well as the adequacy of the means available for its enforcement. So, too, will habits of thought and action which both affected interpretation and limited co-operation on several levels, for they also are amongst the factors which, by limiting the Act's effectiveness, strengthened the demand for new legislation. Attention will also be paid to that reaction against things regarded as "foreign” which, always present in South Africa, gathered strength from the 1860's, gained expression in official quarters especially after 1948 and which, together with the policy of separate development, greatly affected activities in terms of Act 40/1947.
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- Date Issued: 1968
An investigation into the components of motivation so far as these determine employee stability and work satisfaction amongst Europeans and Africans engaged in the same occupational grading in the copper mining industry of Zambia
- Authors: Coetzee, J A G
- Date: 1968
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3383 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013334
- Description: From introduction: The aim of this study is to analyse the motivational system, so far as this regulates and orients the stability and work satisfactions of Europeans and Africans, in a supervisory occupational category engaged in industrial-mining in the Copper Mining Company of Rhokana, Zambia , during a period of six years, ending in 1963 .
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- Date Issued: 1968
An investigation of oblique incidence propagation of radio pulses between Grahamstown and Durban
- Authors: Nadasen, Arunajallam
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Ionospheric radio wave propagation , Radio waves
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5533 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012925
- Description: This thesis describes the investigation carried out on the propagation of radio pulses of frequency 4.73 Mc/s between Grahamstown and Durban. The thesis is divided into two sections - A and B. Section A consists of two chapters. The introductory chapter gives a brief account of how the existence of the ionosphere came to be known. Then follows a description of the different layers of ionization and a review of the theories that have been propounded on the formation of these layers. Chapter 2 deals with the apparatus which includes the transmitter in Grahamstown and the receiving apparatus in Durban. The receiving apparatus comprises: i) a superheterodyne receiver whose gain was high (between 130 and 140 dbs); (ii) a time delay calibrator which could measure time differences of 100 μsec fairly accurately; (iii) a 310 A Tektronix oscilloscope; (iv) a continuously running 35 mm recording camera. Section B is made up of three chapters and is concerned with the actual analysis of the data recorded. The theory of propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere is discussed in Chapter 3. The effects of the magnetic field are neglected since it is found that the error introduced would not make the results unacceptable. Chapter 4 contains the analysis of the data recorded. One summer day and one winter day are discussed in detail in order to obtain the pattern of the diurnal variations for both summer and winter. Some interesting phenomena are also dealt with. An attempt to do ray tracing was successful and the paths followed by a Pedersen and a lower ray from Grahamstown to Durban have been drawn. New topics for further research are discussed in Chapter 5. There are two appendices. Appendix I gives the time delays of all the pulses recorded and their possible identifications. An overall picture of the propagation via the various layers throughout the day (both for summer and for winter is presented in Appendix II.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Contributions to the development of the piano sonata : the sonatas of W.F. Bach, C.P.E. Bach and G. Benda
- Authors: Heuschneider, Karin
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann, 1710-1784 Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel, 1714-1788 Benda, Georg, 1722-1795 Sonatas (Piano)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2683 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012263
- Description: This investigation deals with three leading representatives of the North German Pre-Clasaical School. The sonatas of W.F. Bach and G. Benda have as yet received little attention. E .Bach, on the other hand, was always regarded as the most influential composer in the early history of the German piano sonata. Nevertheless, the existing literature on C.P.E. Bach is concerned with certain aspects or his works only or is devoted to introductory discussions. The aims of this research is to trace the development of the piano sonata and in particular the evolution of the 'sonata form' within the German Pre-Classical School. The works of W.F. Bach present the earliest stage in this development, which reaches its culmination with C.P.E. Bach. The final consolidation of the sonata form is then achieved in the piano sonatas of G. Benda.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Death situations in the short story : a study in structure
- Authors: Ruthrof, Horst
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Short story , Death in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2313 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013108
- Description: In an article on Ernst Cassirer, Konstantin Reichardt says, Since form is the only rational factor of every art, and the form of each art manifests a specific order, 'the order and form of the arts are to be investigated, if we want to examine the artist's imagination at work and the architecture of the world of art. It is the aim of this thesis to cast some light on a small, yet beautiful building within the complex architecture of this world of art, the genre of the short story. To isolate its structural and generic characteristics in general, however, would entail an analytical investigation into a huge number of short stcries, a task too great to be tackled in a thesis. Intro., p. 8.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Die sielkundige aanpassing van drie groepe Bantoes volgens die Rorschach toets
- Authors: Du Preez, Pieter Hendrik
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Rorschach test Black people -- South Africa -- Psychology Ethnopsychology
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3203 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011495
- Description: Die huidige belangrike rol wat die Bantoe van Afrika in internasionale sake speel, is welbekend. So ook die belangrikheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse Bantoe. Hierdie belangrikheid van die Bantoe het egter verbasend skielik en vinnig gekom, so vinnig dat wetenskaplike kennis van hom as mens, nie kon tred hou nie, met die gevolg dat die beskaafde wereld hom swak ken. Die doel van hierdie proefskrif is dan ook om meer Iig te probeer werp op die persoonlikheid van die Bantoe en die lnvloed wat die snel veranderende omstandighede op hom uitoefen. Ten einde die maksimum waarde uit die Rorschach toets wat aangewend is, te verkry, is dlt nodig om beide die determinants berekenings sowel as die inhoudsanalise in berekening te bring. Vir navorsingsdoeleindes waar die resultate van verskeie proefpersone saamgevoeg word in verskiIlende groepe, is dit egter 'n moelIike taak om die gegewens kwantitatief hanteerbaar te kry. Dit is die rede waarom in hierdie studie van ordeskale gebruik gemaak is wat vir die doel heel doeltreffend blyk te gewees het.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Form and symbol in ancient Egypt
- Authors: Verwey, Erdmuthe Wilhemina
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Signs and symbols -- Egypt
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2443 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006133
- Description: From thesis: The Egyptian civilization was regarded by the ancients as the ultimate example of' a morally regulated way of life; their judicious political economy was the admiration of the Elians and both Pythagoras and Plato accepted it as ideal, the former in a small select society and the latter on a larger scale .However a society like this,which is accepted, and acted upon as a completed one, in which everything has been considered, (especially the education of and the habituation to it, to make it second nature), does not take the nature of spirit into consideration, because it is precisely that infinite impulse which acts in contemporary life, and changes its very form. This impulse expressed itself in Egypt in a peculiar way. One would expect that a society, which appears to have been so complete, so fixed in every way, could have no characteristic of its own. Religion, one would expect would have been introduced in the same calm peaceful way, in accordance with the regular order of things. Unlike the Chinese civilisation, where every change is excluded, and the fixedness of character recurs perpetually, this calm order in Egypt was threaded with a spirit full of stirring and urgent impulses. We have here the Oriental Massiveness in combination with the African element. It is a spirit which begins to emerge from the merely natural, without freeing itself from nature. It cannot reach free consciousness of being, it only produces this as a problem: the enigma of its being. One half emerges, the other half is hidden. The buildings of the Egyptians are half below the ground while half rises into the air. The whole country is divided into a Kingdom of life and a Kingdom of death. This, however, is in reality no division, but a unity. The fundamental conception of that which the Egyptians regarded as the essence of being, rested on the fixed character of the natural world - in particular the fixed physical cycle of the Nile and the Sun. These two elements, strictly connected, formed the basis of a very simple and unchanging mode of life. Unchanging, because there is a definite physical cycle which the Nile, in connection with the sun, pursued. The sun rises, reaches its culmination, and then retrogrades. So does the Nile.
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- Date Issued: 1968
From myth to allegory: a study of the poetry of W.H. Auden, with special reference to the poet's intention
- Authors: Bell, I M
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Auden, W. H., (Wystan Hugh), 1907-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2290 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009514 , Auden, W. H., (Wystan Hugh), 1907-1973 -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: The more attentively Auden's poetry is studied, the more one critical problem emerges. How can the poet of the "twenties and ' thirties be reconciled with the poet of the last three decades? "We've all got to come to terms with the later Auden" writes Professor Richard Hoggart, but he does not explain how. The man who wrote the pungent early poetry with its constant reiteration of warnings to a sick society that what was needed was " … death, death of the grain, our death, Death of the old gang … " before it could achieve "new styles of architecture, a change of heart", seems an entirely different person from the man who is on the side of Authority to-day; that is to say in so far as Auden can ever be said to be definitely on one side or another. Intro. p. 1.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Government policy and industrial location in South Africa
- Authors: Bell, Robert Trevor
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: South Africa -- Industries -- Location Industrial relations -- Government policy -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1079 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009507
- Description: Governments, naturally, pursue social and political as well as economic objectives. The degree to which economic and non-economic objectives harmonise with one another without government interference, however, obviously varies a good deal according to time and place. For instance in the nineteenth century, the priorities of British governments made possible a high degree of individual freedom in the economic sphere. This century, however, as Robbins suggests, has seen a great extension of state activity in the economic sphere, for both economic and non-economic reasons. This tendency, then, is not peculiar to South Africa, but the border industries policy, largely because of its ideological associations and the degree of intervention which it seems to imply, is a particularly controversial example. Chapter 1 para 2.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Studies on the biology of the Cape chestnut psylla paurocephala Calodendri Moran (in press) and the South African citrus psylla Trioza Erytreae (Del Guercio) (Homoptera : Psyllidae)
- Authors: Moran, V C (V. Cliff)
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Citrus -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa , Psylla
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5867 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012883
- Description: Citrus is grown as a commercial crop in several areas surrounding Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Twelve miles South-west of Grahamstown is an orchard of about 6000 trees on the farm "Mosslands". This orchard attracted attention as the insect pests of citrus have been kept at a sub-economic level by natural biological control since 1949. This orchard is completely surrounded by indigenous bush and originally the object of this study was to see, in how far, the insect fauna of the indigenous bush was infuencing the biological control which had been achieved in the orchard. As citrus is a member of the family Rutaceae, four indigenous plants in this family, which occured in the indigenous bush, were chosen for a closer study of their associated insect fauna. This study continued for a year during which time a bewildering number of insects and their parasites were collected and it was realized that only an investigation of a very specific aspect of the problem could possibly yield meaningful results. As a starting point, therefore, Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Homoptera: Psyllidae), the South African citrus psyllid, was singled out. This psyllid was found on citrus at "Mosslands" and was also found on all but one of the indigenous rutaceous plants. It was chosen for study because of its polyphagous habit and because very little is known of the biology of this economically important species in South Africa. Also very little work has been done on the Psyllidae generally. Intro., p. 1.
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- Date Issued: 1968
The letters of Hannah Dennison, 1820 settler, 1820-1847
- Authors: Edgecombe, Dorothy Ruth
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Dennison, Hannah Elizabeth, 1791-1850 -- Correspondence , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) -- Correspondence , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Women -- South Africa , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Women -- South Africa -- Correspondence
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2540 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002392 , Dennison, Hannah Elizabeth, 1791-1850 -- Correspondence , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) -- Correspondence , Cape of Good Hope (South Africa) -- History -- 1814-1852 , Women -- South Africa , British settlers of 1820 (South Africa) , Women -- South Africa -- Correspondence
- Description: In 1959, the late Miss M.G. Masson of Salem, at the instigation of Mrs. Dorothy Rivett-Carnac, presented a bundle of Gush family papers to the Cory Library. Among these papers was a series of letters written by Hannah Dennison, who came to South Africa in 1820, as a member of Carton's party from Nottinghamshire. This thesis offers a transcription of the letters together with editorial comment, and the letters from the main source for a reconstruction of the life and attitudes of a most enterprising woman.
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- Date Issued: 1968
The life and work of Benjamin Tyamzashe: a contemporary Xhosa composer
- Authors: Hansen, Deirdre Doris
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Tyamzashe, Benjamin, 1890 -- Criticism and interpretation Xhosa (African people) -- Music Hymns, Xhosa Composers, Black -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2639 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002304
- Description: In this study I have tried to show what Tyamzashe has achieved without the solid musical training any composer worthy of the name should undergo. I have also tried to show the forming of his own musical style under the impact of outside influences. This study is therefore not to teach one anything new, but simply to communicate the results of three years research. In it I have attempted to set the scene in which Tyamzashe's life unfolded itself under the influences of people and circumstances. In doing so I have tried to bear in mind the main theme - Tyamzashe himself. My problem was not so much what to include but what to leave out; thus I have not provided the scene with a detailed background. The section on missionary contact is necessary for an understanding of the great changes brought about by culture contact, as well as for putting Tyamzashe into his historical background. I have also stressed Lovedale because musical change as exemplified in the music of early Bantu converts was centralized there. Finally, the thesis of this study is: despite the changes introduced into Bantu music by culture contact, one perceives, in the works of Tyamzashe, the beginnings of a new pattern of integration. p. 2-3.
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- Date Issued: 1968
The measurement of group differences in social concepts
- Authors: Morsbach, Gisela W L
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Ethnic groups -- Psychology -- South Africa , Racism -- South Africa , Stereotypes (Social psychology) , Cross-cultural studies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3218 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012907
- Description: The present study attempted a cross-cultural investigation of ethnic and national stereotypes in South Africa, a land inhabited by a heterogeneous population. In this country, real or imagined differences due to racial characteristics profoundly influence social interaction. Moreover, such differences are entrenched and underscored by the prevailing legal system while supplying the rationale for many actions of the goverru:tent in power. On the basis of relevant literature it was assumed that differentiation between stereotypes would be based mainly on colour, but that further distinctive differentiations would be present inside the ensuing major groupings ("White and "Non-White"). It was furthermore attempted to show that various groups differed significantly in their judgment of an ethnic stereotype only if they had a dissimilar relationship with the group to be judged. Altogether 760 subjects were tested. These belonged to the six major ethnic and cultural groups in South Africa (Africans, Afrikaners, Coloureds, English-speaking White Gentiles, Indians, and Jews). They were all asked to judge each one of ten concepts by means of the semantic differential technique, which consisted of twenty adjective pairs. Six of these concepts were the names of the South African groups mentioned above, while another three concepts represented the names of groups outside South Africa ("the Americans", "the Germans", and "the Russians") which play an important role in the thinking of South Africans. Finally, the subjects were asked to rate themselves ("Me"- concept). For the sake of better comparison, only first-year students were tested at various universities. The results were analyzed with the aid of a computer (the ICT computers at the University of Cape Town and at Rhodes University). Since a cross-cultural study rests on the theoretical assumption that any tests used for the purpose of comparison are reliable and valid in all cultures to be investigated, a few additional questions had to be asked. The checks undertaken confirmed that in the present study:- 1) The motivation of the subjects as well as their comprehension of the test's basic aims did not differ to any great extent. 2) The six groups did not differ appreciably as regards the social desirability of adjectives used, the semantic structure of the adjective pairs, and the range of scores on the adjective pairs. Furthermore, it was established that male-female differences in attitudes in each of the six groups tested were negligible. The stereotypes were compared with each other inside every one of the groups tested, as well as being compared between all the groups. These comparisons were carried out on the single adjective pairs separately (by means of the Sign Test and the Median Test), and then undertaken in the context of the factorial structure of the concepts. The major results showed that:- 1. The 'colour line' is an important criterion of evaluation in all groups but the Coloureds and the Jews. a) Apart from a 'Black Factor', on which the concepts "the Africans" and "the Coloureds" obtained high loadings, there appeared to be two factors dealing with the evaluation of the White groups. b) The evaluation of the 'Black Factor' by the African subjects was much more positive than the 'Black Factor' found in other groups. c) The Indian subjects did not regard themselves as belonging to the ' Non-Whites' ; neither were they regarded as such by the other subjects tested. 2. The criterion of colour was of less importance in the Coloured and Jewish groups tested. 3. The Jewish subjects appeared to possess the most differentiated stereotype structure, since, in their case, there were four, instead of the usual three factors to be extracted. Moreover, they tended to regard the Non-'White groups more positively than did the other two White groups. 4. The Afrikaans subjects held the most negative opinion of "the Africans"; conversely, "the Afrikaners" were also rejected more strongly than the English-speaking Whites by the Non-Whites tested. 5. Of all groups rated, "the Americans" were the most liked. 6. The stereotypes of "the Russians" and "the Germans" were fairly similar, except in the case of the Afrikaans subjects, who had an exceptionally positive regard for "the Germans". 1. Ratings of the subjects' own group were generally very much more positive than the ratings of the same group by members of other groups, except in the case of the English-speaking White Gentiles. 8. When any two groups rated a concept differently, this could generally be traced back to, on the one hand, differences in the relationships between each one of the judging groups, and, on the other, the group being judged. In conclusion it can be stated that differences between the groups as regards any one stereotype were generally smaller than the differences between the stereotypes of different concepts as held by any one group tested. Where no special relationships existed between a judging group and one being judged, ethnic and national stereotypes tended to be relatively similar in the various cultures and sub-cultures investigated.
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- Date Issued: 1968
The South African Commercial Advertiser and the Eastern Frontier, 1834-1847: an examination of the ways in which and the sources from which it reported frontier conflicts
- Authors: Frye, John
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Fairbairn, John, 1794-1864 , South African Commercial Advertiser (Newspaper) , South Africa -- History -- Frontier Wars, 1811-1878
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2622 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014918
- Description: [From Introduction]. The name of John Fairbairn is remembered with honour in South Africa for the part he played in the achievement of a freer press in the Cape Colony, in the campaign to prevent Britain from establishing a convict station on Cape soil, and in the movement which resulted in the establishment of a form of representative government in the Cape in 1853. More controversial is his share, as the editor of the first modern newspaper in the Colony, in a campaign to secure just treatment for the natives both inside and outside of the Colony. It is with his treatment of the conflicts, both small and great, between the Colony and the AmaXhosa tribes on its Eastern Frontier that this study is concerned.
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- Date Issued: 1968
Tragic themes in the plays of Arthur Miller
- Authors: Wortham, Christopher John
- Date: 1968
- Subjects: Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005 , American drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2306 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012875
- Description: Aeschylus wrote that we learn through suffering. Whether one agrees with this statement or not, one has to recognise that it has given rise to a great deal of discussion about tragedy. What kind of suffering we can associate with tragedy will be considered in the chapters which follow. The more immediate concern is the business of learning. Man can learn a good deal about the problems that confront him, but he cannot learn all there is to know about anything. His knowledge is relative. He may postulate the absolute, but it is beyond the grasp of the human mind to perceive the absolute in its absoluteness. The relativist can avoid an epistemological quagmire by simply accepting that a relativistic attitude is only of relative value; he has the intellectual humility to recognise that whatever he thinks or says is likely to reveal only part of the truth. Arthur Miller has suggested that the best serious literature is concerned with the absolute, in that he criticises one of his contemporary playwrights for writing a work which "fails to extend itself so as to open up ultimate causes". Chap. 1, p. 1.
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- Date Issued: 1968