A review of the alderfly genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen (Megaloptera, Sialidae) with description of a new species from South Africa
- Price, Benjamin W, Liu, Xingyue, de Moor, Ferdy C, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Price, Benjamin W , Liu, Xingyue , de Moor, Ferdy C , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441461 , vital:73891 , https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=2856
- Description: The monotypic South African alderfly genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen, 1920 is reviewed and Leptosialis africana Esben-Petersen, 1920 is redescribed. In the process a new species of alderfly Leptosialis necopinata sp. n. from the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa is recognised and described. Within Sialidae the new species most closely resembles Leptosialis africana. A key to the two species of Leptosialis using both adult and larval characters is provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Price, Benjamin W , Liu, Xingyue , de Moor, Ferdy C , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441461 , vital:73891 , https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=2856
- Description: The monotypic South African alderfly genus Leptosialis Esben-Petersen, 1920 is reviewed and Leptosialis africana Esben-Petersen, 1920 is redescribed. In the process a new species of alderfly Leptosialis necopinata sp. n. from the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa is recognised and described. Within Sialidae the new species most closely resembles Leptosialis africana. A key to the two species of Leptosialis using both adult and larval characters is provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Amplified fragment length polymorphism confirms reciprocal monophyly in Chrysomya putoria and Chrysomya chloropyga: a correction of reported shared mtDNA haplotypes
- Picard, C J, Villet, Martin H, Wells, J D
- Authors: Picard, C J , Villet, Martin H , Wells, J D
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441760 , vital:73914 , DOI:10.4236/jcdsa.2012.22018
- Description: Reinvestigation of mitochondrial haplotypes previously reported to be shared between the Afrotropical blowflies Chrysomya putoria Weidemann and Chrysomya chloropyga Weidemann (Diptera: Calliphoridae) revealed an error resulting from the misidentification of specimens. Preliminary amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the original and additional individuals again failed to find reciprocal monophyly, leading to a re‐examination of the specimens for diagnostic male genitalic characters that were first described following the earlier study. Four of the original study specimens were found to have been misidentified, and definitive analysis of both mtDNA and AFLP genotypes using phylogenetic analysis and genetic assignment showed that each species was indeed reciprocally monophyletic. In addition to correcting the earlier error, this study illustrates how AFLP analysis can be used for efficient and effective specimen identification through both phylogenetic analysis and genetic assignment, and suggests that the latter method has special advantages for identification when no conspecific specimens are represented in the reference database.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Picard, C J , Villet, Martin H , Wells, J D
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/441760 , vital:73914 , DOI:10.4236/jcdsa.2012.22018
- Description: Reinvestigation of mitochondrial haplotypes previously reported to be shared between the Afrotropical blowflies Chrysomya putoria Weidemann and Chrysomya chloropyga Weidemann (Diptera: Calliphoridae) revealed an error resulting from the misidentification of specimens. Preliminary amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the original and additional individuals again failed to find reciprocal monophyly, leading to a re‐examination of the specimens for diagnostic male genitalic characters that were first described following the earlier study. Four of the original study specimens were found to have been misidentified, and definitive analysis of both mtDNA and AFLP genotypes using phylogenetic analysis and genetic assignment showed that each species was indeed reciprocally monophyletic. In addition to correcting the earlier error, this study illustrates how AFLP analysis can be used for efficient and effective specimen identification through both phylogenetic analysis and genetic assignment, and suggests that the latter method has special advantages for identification when no conspecific specimens are represented in the reference database.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Cutaneous myiasis: is Lucilia cuprina safe and acceptable for maggot debridement therapy?
- Kingu, Howard J, Kuria, Simon K, Villet, Martin H, Mkhize, Jane N, Dhaffala, Adupa, Iisa, John M
- Authors: Kingu, Howard J , Kuria, Simon K , Villet, Martin H , Mkhize, Jane N , Dhaffala, Adupa , Iisa, John M
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442649 , vital:74018 , DOI:10.4236/jcdsa.2012.22018
- Description: Preservation of viable tissue is important in wound management. It is achieved by small, incremental removal of devitalised, necrotic and infected tissues. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is used in septic necrotic wounds that fail to respond to conventional modalities. MDT has relied on Lucilia cuprina, which consumes only necrotic tissues, as opposed to Lucilia cuprina, which devours both flesh and necrotic tissues. Recent findings have shown that L. cuprina consumes mainly necrotic and very small amounts of viable tissues and may be used in MDT where L. sericata is very rare or absent. Here we describe wound healing in a patient from rural South Africa with cutaneous myiasis. Our findings agree with workers who indicated that L. cuprina could be used in MDT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Kingu, Howard J , Kuria, Simon K , Villet, Martin H , Mkhize, Jane N , Dhaffala, Adupa , Iisa, John M
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442649 , vital:74018 , DOI:10.4236/jcdsa.2012.22018
- Description: Preservation of viable tissue is important in wound management. It is achieved by small, incremental removal of devitalised, necrotic and infected tissues. Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is used in septic necrotic wounds that fail to respond to conventional modalities. MDT has relied on Lucilia cuprina, which consumes only necrotic tissues, as opposed to Lucilia cuprina, which devours both flesh and necrotic tissues. Recent findings have shown that L. cuprina consumes mainly necrotic and very small amounts of viable tissues and may be used in MDT where L. sericata is very rare or absent. Here we describe wound healing in a patient from rural South Africa with cutaneous myiasis. Our findings agree with workers who indicated that L. cuprina could be used in MDT.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Molecular phylogenetics of Oestroidea (Diptera: Calyptratae) with emphasis on Calliphoridae: insights into the inter-familial relationships and additional evidence for paraphyly among blowflies
- Marinho, M A T, Junqueira, A C M, Paulo, D F, Esposito, M C T, Villet, Martin H, Azeredo-Espin, A D
- Authors: Marinho, M A T , Junqueira, A C M , Paulo, D F , Esposito, M C T , Villet, Martin H , Azeredo-Espin, A D
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442691 , vital:74023 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.007
- Description: The superfamily Oestroidea, comprising ∼15,000 species, is a large and ecologically diverse clade within the order Diptera. Among its six commonly recognized families, Calliphoridae seems to be crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships in the group, as it is recognized as a controversial paraphyletic grouping. To further investigate this matter, the ITS2, 28S, COI and 16S regions were used to infer phylogenetic relationships in Oestroidea with maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. For the BI analyses, a deep evaluation of different data partitioning strategies was conducted, including consideration of structural conformation (ITS2 and 16S) and codon position (COI) information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Marinho, M A T , Junqueira, A C M , Paulo, D F , Esposito, M C T , Villet, Martin H , Azeredo-Espin, A D
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442691 , vital:74023 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.08.007
- Description: The superfamily Oestroidea, comprising ∼15,000 species, is a large and ecologically diverse clade within the order Diptera. Among its six commonly recognized families, Calliphoridae seems to be crucial for understanding evolutionary relationships in the group, as it is recognized as a controversial paraphyletic grouping. To further investigate this matter, the ITS2, 28S, COI and 16S regions were used to infer phylogenetic relationships in Oestroidea with maximum-parsimony (MP), maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. For the BI analyses, a deep evaluation of different data partitioning strategies was conducted, including consideration of structural conformation (ITS2 and 16S) and codon position (COI) information.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
The role of ants and mammalian herbivores on the structure and composition of insect communities found on canopies of Acacia drepanolobium
- Kuria, Simon K, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Kuria, Simon K , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442663 , vital:74019 , https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-full-text-pdf/6543D7937831/1000
- Description: Acacia drepanolobium Sjøstedt (Fabaceae) constitutes about 99% of the woody vegetation in the cotton soil ecosystem of Laikipia, Kenya. The tree has symbiotic association with four ant species that discourage large mammalian herbivores from feeding on it. However, there is no information as to whether these ants affect the community of canopy insects. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of the four ant species and differential vertebrate grazing and browsing pressures on the insect community inhabiting canopies of A. drepanolobium trees. Insect samples were collected using standard fogging and beating methods and identified to family and morphospecies. At the morphospecies level, the insect communities separated into two distinct groups, one comprised of samples collected from trees occupied by Crematogaster mimosae and Crematogaster nigriceps, and the other of samples obtained from trees inhabited by C. sjostedti and Tetraponera penzigi. However, differential vertebrate grazing and browsing patterns did not show any significant effect on the insect community occupying canopies of A. drepanolobium.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Kuria, Simon K , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442663 , vital:74019 , https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-full-text-pdf/6543D7937831/1000
- Description: Acacia drepanolobium Sjøstedt (Fabaceae) constitutes about 99% of the woody vegetation in the cotton soil ecosystem of Laikipia, Kenya. The tree has symbiotic association with four ant species that discourage large mammalian herbivores from feeding on it. However, there is no information as to whether these ants affect the community of canopy insects. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of the four ant species and differential vertebrate grazing and browsing pressures on the insect community inhabiting canopies of A. drepanolobium trees. Insect samples were collected using standard fogging and beating methods and identified to family and morphospecies. At the morphospecies level, the insect communities separated into two distinct groups, one comprised of samples collected from trees occupied by Crematogaster mimosae and Crematogaster nigriceps, and the other of samples obtained from trees inhabited by C. sjostedti and Tetraponera penzigi. However, differential vertebrate grazing and browsing patterns did not show any significant effect on the insect community occupying canopies of A. drepanolobium.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
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