Understanding Collective Learning and Human Agency in Diverse Social, Cultural and Material Settings
- Olvitt, Lausanne L, Lotz-Sisitka, Heila, Læssøe, Jeppe, Jordt Jørgensen, Nanna
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Læssøe, Jeppe , Jordt Jørgensen, Nanna
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127226 , vital:35979 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/172221/161620
- Description: The significance of environment and sustainability education research and practice, and its potential contribution to a sustainable future for humanity, is conveyed by the International Social Science Council (n.d.), which explains: People everywhere will need to learn how to create new forms of human activity and new social systems that are more sustainable and socially just. However, we have limited knowledge about the type of learning that creates such change, how such learning emerges, or how it can be scaled-up to create transformations at many levels.Here, the important shift is towards considering what social systems, forms of knowledge, learning processes and questions of justice are associated with perpetuating or halting the decline of Earth’s bio-geo-chemical systems. This edition of the Southern African Journal of Environmental Education contributes three research papers and a themed Think Piece collection to these international deliberations about the role of education in enabling transformations to sustainability. Collectively, the articles highlight how relationality and the formation of human agency in socio-cultural and material settings in past–present–future configurations underpin all environment-oriented learning processes. The three research papers constituting the first part of this volume offer glimpses into how current unsustainable socio-cultural and material configurations might be transformed to address social inequalities and damaged people–nature relations. The Think Piece collection, introduced by Lotz-Sisitka, Læssøe and Jørgensen later in this editorial, focuses on how learning can foster and contribute to the development of change agents and collective agency for climate-resilient development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Understanding Collective Learning and Human Agency in Diverse Social, Cultural and Material Settings
- Authors: Olvitt, Lausanne L , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Læssøe, Jeppe , Jordt Jørgensen, Nanna
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/127226 , vital:35979 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/172221/161620
- Description: The significance of environment and sustainability education research and practice, and its potential contribution to a sustainable future for humanity, is conveyed by the International Social Science Council (n.d.), which explains: People everywhere will need to learn how to create new forms of human activity and new social systems that are more sustainable and socially just. However, we have limited knowledge about the type of learning that creates such change, how such learning emerges, or how it can be scaled-up to create transformations at many levels.Here, the important shift is towards considering what social systems, forms of knowledge, learning processes and questions of justice are associated with perpetuating or halting the decline of Earth’s bio-geo-chemical systems. This edition of the Southern African Journal of Environmental Education contributes three research papers and a themed Think Piece collection to these international deliberations about the role of education in enabling transformations to sustainability. Collectively, the articles highlight how relationality and the formation of human agency in socio-cultural and material settings in past–present–future configurations underpin all environment-oriented learning processes. The three research papers constituting the first part of this volume offer glimpses into how current unsustainable socio-cultural and material configurations might be transformed to address social inequalities and damaged people–nature relations. The Think Piece collection, introduced by Lotz-Sisitka, Læssøe and Jørgensen later in this editorial, focuses on how learning can foster and contribute to the development of change agents and collective agency for climate-resilient development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Understanding factors that influence the acceptance of electronic medical records by nurses in hospitals: a framework
- Authors: Makalima, Melissa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electronic records -- Management , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Management Medical records -- South Africa Medical records -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31488 , vital:31495
- Description: Globally, unlike in the past, it is rare for a patient to consult the same healthcare provider throughout his or her lifetime. However, this makes it difficult to maintain informational continuity of care. Researchers have confirmed that paper-based methods of record keeping do not meet the needs of informational continuity of care. As a result, the popularity of electronic means of recordkeeping, specifically, electronic medical records (EMRs), is growing. However, the implementation of EMRs in hospitals is not without challenges with these challenges playing a significant role in the failure of EMRs. One such challenge is a lack of user acceptance. Research reveals that nurses comprise the largest user group of EMRs in the hospital setting. However, there is inadequate literature that focuses on the factors contributing to EMR acceptance with nurses as the user group. Hence, the main problem addressed in this research study relates to the inadequate understanding of the factors that influence the acceptance of EMRs by nurses. In order to address this problem, a literature review and a case study were conducted to ascertain and investigate the factors that influence the acceptance of EMRs by nurses. A total of 39 factors were formulated. Subsequent to the formulation of these factors, knowledge on the impact of each factor on EMR acceptance was collected. Socio-technical Systems Theory (STS) was used as a theoretical lens through which to view the resulting factors. The STS dimension from which each factor originates as well as the STS dimension influenced by the factor were identified. The analysis of the different stages of acceptance as well as the STS analysis resulted in a framework that could play an important role in providing a better understanding of EMR acceptance by nurses in hospitals. It was anticipated that this study would contribute to a better understanding of the factors that hospitals should address in order to create a conducive environment for EMR acceptance by nurses within the hospitals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Makalima, Melissa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Electronic records -- Management , Information storage and retrieval systems -- Management Medical records -- South Africa Medical records -- Data processing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31488 , vital:31495
- Description: Globally, unlike in the past, it is rare for a patient to consult the same healthcare provider throughout his or her lifetime. However, this makes it difficult to maintain informational continuity of care. Researchers have confirmed that paper-based methods of record keeping do not meet the needs of informational continuity of care. As a result, the popularity of electronic means of recordkeeping, specifically, electronic medical records (EMRs), is growing. However, the implementation of EMRs in hospitals is not without challenges with these challenges playing a significant role in the failure of EMRs. One such challenge is a lack of user acceptance. Research reveals that nurses comprise the largest user group of EMRs in the hospital setting. However, there is inadequate literature that focuses on the factors contributing to EMR acceptance with nurses as the user group. Hence, the main problem addressed in this research study relates to the inadequate understanding of the factors that influence the acceptance of EMRs by nurses. In order to address this problem, a literature review and a case study were conducted to ascertain and investigate the factors that influence the acceptance of EMRs by nurses. A total of 39 factors were formulated. Subsequent to the formulation of these factors, knowledge on the impact of each factor on EMR acceptance was collected. Socio-technical Systems Theory (STS) was used as a theoretical lens through which to view the resulting factors. The STS dimension from which each factor originates as well as the STS dimension influenced by the factor were identified. The analysis of the different stages of acceptance as well as the STS analysis resulted in a framework that could play an important role in providing a better understanding of EMR acceptance by nurses in hospitals. It was anticipated that this study would contribute to a better understanding of the factors that hospitals should address in order to create a conducive environment for EMR acceptance by nurses within the hospitals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Understanding ongoing support for the African National Congress amongst the urban poor in national elections in South Africa: the case of Mlungisi, Queenstown
- Authors: Makwetu, Ncebakazi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: African National Congress , Urban poor -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Elections -- South Africa , Political campaigns -- South Africa , Political capital -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Political psychology -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Postcolonialism -- South Africa , Allegiance -- South Africa -- Queenstown
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62582 , vital:28209
- Description: The main objective of the thesis is to understand the ongoing support for the African National Congress (ANC) amongst the urban poor in national elections in South Africa with specific reference to Queenstown. The study involved 50 residents in Mlungisi in Queenstown, the vast majority of whom are shack dwellers. The use of semi-structured interviews allowed for an indepth understanding of why people vote for the ANC. The research participants have always voted for the ANC and have no intentions of voting for any other political party. Since 1994, the ANC has in the main pursued a neo-liberal project with a limited focus on redistribution. Because of this, most blacks living in urban areas continue to live under conditions of extreme poverty. The abject material conditions of people living in Mlungisi does not provide a strong basis for why they would vote almost unreservedly for the ANC. In seeking to offer an explanation, the thesis turns to theories of the post-colony, including the work of Frantz Fanon and Partha Chatterjee, as these theories provide an analysis of the character of the post-colonial state and the ways in which the government engages with its citizens. These macro-level theories are complemented by middle-level theories about voting and voting patterns in seeking to understand why Mlungisi residents vote for the ANC, raising questions of identity, loyalty and clientelism in the process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Makwetu, Ncebakazi
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: African National Congress , Urban poor -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Elections -- South Africa , Political campaigns -- South Africa , Political capital -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Political psychology -- South Africa -- Queenstown , Postcolonialism -- South Africa , Allegiance -- South Africa -- Queenstown
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62582 , vital:28209
- Description: The main objective of the thesis is to understand the ongoing support for the African National Congress (ANC) amongst the urban poor in national elections in South Africa with specific reference to Queenstown. The study involved 50 residents in Mlungisi in Queenstown, the vast majority of whom are shack dwellers. The use of semi-structured interviews allowed for an indepth understanding of why people vote for the ANC. The research participants have always voted for the ANC and have no intentions of voting for any other political party. Since 1994, the ANC has in the main pursued a neo-liberal project with a limited focus on redistribution. Because of this, most blacks living in urban areas continue to live under conditions of extreme poverty. The abject material conditions of people living in Mlungisi does not provide a strong basis for why they would vote almost unreservedly for the ANC. In seeking to offer an explanation, the thesis turns to theories of the post-colony, including the work of Frantz Fanon and Partha Chatterjee, as these theories provide an analysis of the character of the post-colonial state and the ways in which the government engages with its citizens. These macro-level theories are complemented by middle-level theories about voting and voting patterns in seeking to understand why Mlungisi residents vote for the ANC, raising questions of identity, loyalty and clientelism in the process.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Understanding the contribution of third space theory in the Masikhulisane reading programme
- Authors: Janse van Rensburg, Monique
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Literacy programs -- South Africa , Literacy -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Language arts -- South Africa , Reading promotion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18652 , vital:28699
- Description: The focus of this study is to understand the contribution third space theory makes to literacy practices in the Masikhulisane Reading Programme. The Masikhulisane Reading Programme is an in-school reading club involving reading stories for enjoyment. This study concentrated on the Grade Six participants in term three of the programme, where cross-age reading receives emphasis in service of cultivating reading for pleasure. An older (or more experienced) learner was paired with a younger (less competent) learner for the purpose of nurturing quality reading competencies and reading for enjoyment. The challenges of bilingual reading and developing reading practices without sufficient resources informed this study. The Masikhulisane Reading Programme seems to provide a solution to some of these challenges, offering reading material to learners and affording them agency in terms of their buddy system. Multiple data generation methods were used in order to gain a real understanding of what the Masikhulisane Reading Programme meant to the Grade Six learners, namely: observation of classroom practice, drawings with written and verbal descriptions, and two teacher interviews. The teachers corroborated what the learners said, supporting the idea that learners benefit from an abundance of opportunities to read, while taking ownership in their paired reading. The framework designed for data analysis provided a type of coding, and a way of recognising themes. The designed framework provided an overview and was applied to all the data as a means of drawing out patters to provide explanatory potential. One way to understanding this programme is through the, Third Space Theory, which recognises that in different spaces, participants can take up different positions, allowing for different ways of being. Each Grade Six learners became the teachers with one buddy, teaching and establishing a reading practice with their younger buddy. This gave them the chance to be responsible for developing a love for reading, which was empowering for both them and their buddy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Janse van Rensburg, Monique
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Literacy programs -- South Africa , Literacy -- Social aspects -- South Africa , Language arts -- South Africa , Reading promotion
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18652 , vital:28699
- Description: The focus of this study is to understand the contribution third space theory makes to literacy practices in the Masikhulisane Reading Programme. The Masikhulisane Reading Programme is an in-school reading club involving reading stories for enjoyment. This study concentrated on the Grade Six participants in term three of the programme, where cross-age reading receives emphasis in service of cultivating reading for pleasure. An older (or more experienced) learner was paired with a younger (less competent) learner for the purpose of nurturing quality reading competencies and reading for enjoyment. The challenges of bilingual reading and developing reading practices without sufficient resources informed this study. The Masikhulisane Reading Programme seems to provide a solution to some of these challenges, offering reading material to learners and affording them agency in terms of their buddy system. Multiple data generation methods were used in order to gain a real understanding of what the Masikhulisane Reading Programme meant to the Grade Six learners, namely: observation of classroom practice, drawings with written and verbal descriptions, and two teacher interviews. The teachers corroborated what the learners said, supporting the idea that learners benefit from an abundance of opportunities to read, while taking ownership in their paired reading. The framework designed for data analysis provided a type of coding, and a way of recognising themes. The designed framework provided an overview and was applied to all the data as a means of drawing out patters to provide explanatory potential. One way to understanding this programme is through the, Third Space Theory, which recognises that in different spaces, participants can take up different positions, allowing for different ways of being. Each Grade Six learners became the teachers with one buddy, teaching and establishing a reading practice with their younger buddy. This gave them the chance to be responsible for developing a love for reading, which was empowering for both them and their buddy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Understanding the extension capacity needs of the CapeNature Stewardship Programme in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
- Coetzee, Johannes Christiaan
- Authors: Coetzee, Johannes Christiaan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Conservation projects (Natural resources) , Psychometrics , Adaptive natural resource management , Biodiversity conservation , CapeNature Stewardship Programme
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63220 , vital:28383
- Description: There is an increasing call for conservation programmes to provide sound evidence of effectiveness, and employing empirical evaluations can assist in the transition to evidence-based conservation practices. The objectives of this research were to develop a logic model for the CapeNature Stewardship Programme which would articulate the programme's theory of operation with respect to its Stewardship Programme landholders. The second major objective was to develop psychometric instruments for assessing the motivations and satisfactions of the programme's stewardship landholders. Both objectives included the aim to provide robust and repeatable instruments for exploring landholder's psychology, and developing a programme's theory of operation to understand the programme and improve with understanding the needs of the landowners. In this regard the processes and methodologies employed represent a major component of this research. A mixed methods approach was utilized, including stakeholder and volunteer surveys, conducted via mailing hardcopies and the internet, together with three focus groups held with the programme's management, extension staff and the stewardship landholders. Analysis of the data thus collected included both qualitative and quantitative approaches, specifically coding and content analysis, together with statistical tests of internal consistency, factor analysis and doubling correspondence analysis. Robust indices for example validity and internal consistency were developed for assessing landholder’s satisfaction with extension and level of satisfaction with the stewardship programme (Babbie 2007). These indices revealed that landholders in the Stewardship Programme are not satisfied with the programme, and exhibit behaviours suggesting they act as advocates for the programme. Demographic data and additional information provided further insights into the programme. The development of a method for articulating the programme's theory of operation is represented, together with four logic models which graphically illustrate this theory. This process and theory allowed for recommendations to be provided for the programme's improvement. A platform for adaptive management and further evaluations of this, and similar programmes, represents a major outcome of this research, understanding the extension capacity needs for the conservation of biodiversity in the CapeNature Stewardship Programme to function as a model for improving the implementation of the programme across the Western Cape, South Africa. This research feeds into an evaluation of CapeNature’s Biodiveristy Stewardship programme and demonstrates the importance of incorporating psychology into conservation interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Coetzee, Johannes Christiaan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Conservation projects (Natural resources) , Psychometrics , Adaptive natural resource management , Biodiversity conservation , CapeNature Stewardship Programme
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63220 , vital:28383
- Description: There is an increasing call for conservation programmes to provide sound evidence of effectiveness, and employing empirical evaluations can assist in the transition to evidence-based conservation practices. The objectives of this research were to develop a logic model for the CapeNature Stewardship Programme which would articulate the programme's theory of operation with respect to its Stewardship Programme landholders. The second major objective was to develop psychometric instruments for assessing the motivations and satisfactions of the programme's stewardship landholders. Both objectives included the aim to provide robust and repeatable instruments for exploring landholder's psychology, and developing a programme's theory of operation to understand the programme and improve with understanding the needs of the landowners. In this regard the processes and methodologies employed represent a major component of this research. A mixed methods approach was utilized, including stakeholder and volunteer surveys, conducted via mailing hardcopies and the internet, together with three focus groups held with the programme's management, extension staff and the stewardship landholders. Analysis of the data thus collected included both qualitative and quantitative approaches, specifically coding and content analysis, together with statistical tests of internal consistency, factor analysis and doubling correspondence analysis. Robust indices for example validity and internal consistency were developed for assessing landholder’s satisfaction with extension and level of satisfaction with the stewardship programme (Babbie 2007). These indices revealed that landholders in the Stewardship Programme are not satisfied with the programme, and exhibit behaviours suggesting they act as advocates for the programme. Demographic data and additional information provided further insights into the programme. The development of a method for articulating the programme's theory of operation is represented, together with four logic models which graphically illustrate this theory. This process and theory allowed for recommendations to be provided for the programme's improvement. A platform for adaptive management and further evaluations of this, and similar programmes, represents a major outcome of this research, understanding the extension capacity needs for the conservation of biodiversity in the CapeNature Stewardship Programme to function as a model for improving the implementation of the programme across the Western Cape, South Africa. This research feeds into an evaluation of CapeNature’s Biodiveristy Stewardship programme and demonstrates the importance of incorporating psychology into conservation interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Understanding the impacts of foliar insect pests on eucalyptus species growth and the development of appropriate management strategies
- Dlamini, Lindokuhle Sithembiso
- Authors: Dlamini, Lindokuhle Sithembiso
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Eucalyptus -- South Africa , Trees -- Breeding Wood-pulp industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29962 , vital:30801
- Description: Within South Africa (SA), eucalypts contribute significantly to the commercial production of pulpwood, treated poles, wood chips and saw timber. Due to their rapid growth and desirable timber properties, 47% of the afforested area within SA is planted with various eucalypts and their hybrid combinations. Biotic and abiotic factors pose a risk to the productivity of eucalypts, with the most significant risk currently associated with the increased impacts of foliar insect pests on tree productivity, for example Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera; Curculionidae); Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellape (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae); Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) etc. Past and current research has focused more on the individual components of biological, cultural and chemical control, with limited research conducted on the practical integration of these management strategies. Although the combination of biological and cultural control methods for long-term management would be preferred, the use of environmentally acceptable insecticides can contribute to the short-term management of insect pests where necessary. Environmental constraints (associated with forest certification) around the use of insecticides, means that there are currently few insecticides available for controlling foliar insect pests of eucalypts within the SA forest industry. Due to the recent increased introduction of insect pests, there is also a lack of data related to their impacts on tree growth, as well as the success of any management methods used. To improve our understanding regarding these components, three groups of trials (five in total) were implemented in the summer rainfall region of SA to quantify the impacts of insect pests on eucalypt growth, test integrated management practices (chemical and cultural management), and test environmentally acceptable insecticides. In 2010, two insect exclusion trials were established at Palm Ridge and Teza plantations in KwaZulu-Natal to quantify the impact of insect pests on two Eucalyptus hybrids. The trial locations were selected adjacent to compartments for which the pests Gonipterus spp. and Thaumastocoris peregrinus were present. Each trial had an insecticide treatment with an active ingredient of alpha-cypermethrin at a rate of 100 g l-1 and a control treatment where trees were not sprayed. Insect pests were collected after every spraying event. A greater number of insect pests were collected from the Palm Ridge site. Gonipterus spp. were the predominant insect pests collected. No significant growth differences were recorded between treated and untreated trees at Teza. Measurements taken at Palm Ridge indicated that insecticide-treated trees had significantly greater tree growth than untreated trees. Final measurements showed a v 25% reduction in volume for the control treatment compared to the insecticide treatment. Results of this study indicate that timing and duration of insecticide application could hold larger and additive benefits for insect exclusion. Due to the lack of non-hazardous registered insecticides, and the susceptibility of many of the eucalypts grown within SA to L. invasa, a trial was initiated in 2011 in Zululand (KwaZulu-Natal). A 3 x 4 x 4 factorial combination of 48 treatments were replicated 3 trials and arranged in a split-split-plot design. The factors included insecticide type as the whole plot (fenvalerate, azadirachtin and imidacloprid), timing of insecticide application as a sub-plot (0, 3, 6 and 9 months) and type of hybrid as the sub-sub-plot (a susceptible and tolerant E. grandis x E. camaldulensis hybrid (GC_s and GC_t) and a susceptible and tolerant E. grandis x E. urophylla hybrid (GU_s and GU_t)). To determine insecticide efficacy, plots of untreated clones were included as control treatments within each replicate. The incidence and magnitude of L. invasa damage and tree performance were assessed for up to 5.5 years of age. L. invasa damage recorded over the trial period indicated that irrespective of treatment, damage was lower in the GU clones than the GC clones resulting in a 63.9 m3 ha-1 volume difference at 5.5 years. In addition, the difference between the GU_s and GU_t clones (3.2 m3 ha-1) was marginal when compared to the GC_s and GC_t clones (37.2 m3 ha-1). A decrease in GC stocking correlated with the period when there was a high damage incidence recorded for L. invasa. Although the three insecticides tested delayed the onset of L. invasa damage, they did not result in improved tree performance at 5.5 years. Results indicate that the planting of a tolerant species (hybrid in this trial) was the most viable option for the management of L. invasa. Two trials were implemented in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands in October 2016 (at Ingwe and Balgowan plantations), to test the efficacy of eight different insecticides (synthetic and organic) for the management of foliar insect pests. The Ingwe trial was planted with Eucalyptus dunnii and the Balgowan trial was planted with Eucalyptus badjensis. The insecticides tested were azadirachtin, deltamethrin, imidacloprid (liquid and tablet), Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, potassium silicate and a combination of plant oil extracts (garlic oil, soybean oil and capsicum oleoresin extract). The imidacloprid tablet, deltamethrin and an untreated control were implemented as additional treatments. The insecticides were tested at the recommended rate (single rate) and at double the recommended rate (double rate), except for the insecticides in the additional treatments which were only tested at the single rate. These insecticides were applied three times over a period of four months, and tree growth measurements (Gld/Dbh and Ht) were taken four times over a period of seven months. Gonipterus spp. vi was the only insect pest found in both these trials, thus the insecticides were tested for their efficacy in managing this specific insect pest. A higher population and damage of Gonipterus spp. was found in the E. dunnii trial and very little to no damage was observed in the E. badjensis trial. All insecticides tested were not effective in managing Gonipterus spp. in these specific sites. A low population of insect pests and incorrect timing and method of application of some of the insecticides could offer a plausible explanation of results. Results from these trials indicate that where foliar insect pests occur in high abundance, significant tree-growth reduction occurs. Although insecticides (deltamethrin - for G. scutellatus; imidacloprid for L. invasa) can be used for the short-term control of these insects, their commercial benefits may be reduced due to the number of repeat applications required and/or with high levels of infestation. Of the eight environmentally acceptable insecticides tested for foliar insect control, the low abundance of insect pests present in the trials meant that their efficacy could not be quantified. If an alternative insecticide were to be found, its application would need to be linked to the environmentally stimulated outbreaks of specific insects. Of the treatments implemented, the selection and planting of eucalypts with known resistance to specific insect pests currently remains the most viable management strategy. Breeding for increased tolerance within resistant eucalypts may also provide additional benefits. Although the above research showed the negative impacts of foliar insect pests on tree growth, it also indicated that no single control method is viable for all insect pests. Future research should look at the integration of different management methods while incorporating more insect pests and different seasons in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dlamini, Lindokuhle Sithembiso
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Eucalyptus -- South Africa , Trees -- Breeding Wood-pulp industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29962 , vital:30801
- Description: Within South Africa (SA), eucalypts contribute significantly to the commercial production of pulpwood, treated poles, wood chips and saw timber. Due to their rapid growth and desirable timber properties, 47% of the afforested area within SA is planted with various eucalypts and their hybrid combinations. Biotic and abiotic factors pose a risk to the productivity of eucalypts, with the most significant risk currently associated with the increased impacts of foliar insect pests on tree productivity, for example Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera; Curculionidae); Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero and Dellape (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae); Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) etc. Past and current research has focused more on the individual components of biological, cultural and chemical control, with limited research conducted on the practical integration of these management strategies. Although the combination of biological and cultural control methods for long-term management would be preferred, the use of environmentally acceptable insecticides can contribute to the short-term management of insect pests where necessary. Environmental constraints (associated with forest certification) around the use of insecticides, means that there are currently few insecticides available for controlling foliar insect pests of eucalypts within the SA forest industry. Due to the recent increased introduction of insect pests, there is also a lack of data related to their impacts on tree growth, as well as the success of any management methods used. To improve our understanding regarding these components, three groups of trials (five in total) were implemented in the summer rainfall region of SA to quantify the impacts of insect pests on eucalypt growth, test integrated management practices (chemical and cultural management), and test environmentally acceptable insecticides. In 2010, two insect exclusion trials were established at Palm Ridge and Teza plantations in KwaZulu-Natal to quantify the impact of insect pests on two Eucalyptus hybrids. The trial locations were selected adjacent to compartments for which the pests Gonipterus spp. and Thaumastocoris peregrinus were present. Each trial had an insecticide treatment with an active ingredient of alpha-cypermethrin at a rate of 100 g l-1 and a control treatment where trees were not sprayed. Insect pests were collected after every spraying event. A greater number of insect pests were collected from the Palm Ridge site. Gonipterus spp. were the predominant insect pests collected. No significant growth differences were recorded between treated and untreated trees at Teza. Measurements taken at Palm Ridge indicated that insecticide-treated trees had significantly greater tree growth than untreated trees. Final measurements showed a v 25% reduction in volume for the control treatment compared to the insecticide treatment. Results of this study indicate that timing and duration of insecticide application could hold larger and additive benefits for insect exclusion. Due to the lack of non-hazardous registered insecticides, and the susceptibility of many of the eucalypts grown within SA to L. invasa, a trial was initiated in 2011 in Zululand (KwaZulu-Natal). A 3 x 4 x 4 factorial combination of 48 treatments were replicated 3 trials and arranged in a split-split-plot design. The factors included insecticide type as the whole plot (fenvalerate, azadirachtin and imidacloprid), timing of insecticide application as a sub-plot (0, 3, 6 and 9 months) and type of hybrid as the sub-sub-plot (a susceptible and tolerant E. grandis x E. camaldulensis hybrid (GC_s and GC_t) and a susceptible and tolerant E. grandis x E. urophylla hybrid (GU_s and GU_t)). To determine insecticide efficacy, plots of untreated clones were included as control treatments within each replicate. The incidence and magnitude of L. invasa damage and tree performance were assessed for up to 5.5 years of age. L. invasa damage recorded over the trial period indicated that irrespective of treatment, damage was lower in the GU clones than the GC clones resulting in a 63.9 m3 ha-1 volume difference at 5.5 years. In addition, the difference between the GU_s and GU_t clones (3.2 m3 ha-1) was marginal when compared to the GC_s and GC_t clones (37.2 m3 ha-1). A decrease in GC stocking correlated with the period when there was a high damage incidence recorded for L. invasa. Although the three insecticides tested delayed the onset of L. invasa damage, they did not result in improved tree performance at 5.5 years. Results indicate that the planting of a tolerant species (hybrid in this trial) was the most viable option for the management of L. invasa. Two trials were implemented in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands in October 2016 (at Ingwe and Balgowan plantations), to test the efficacy of eight different insecticides (synthetic and organic) for the management of foliar insect pests. The Ingwe trial was planted with Eucalyptus dunnii and the Balgowan trial was planted with Eucalyptus badjensis. The insecticides tested were azadirachtin, deltamethrin, imidacloprid (liquid and tablet), Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, potassium silicate and a combination of plant oil extracts (garlic oil, soybean oil and capsicum oleoresin extract). The imidacloprid tablet, deltamethrin and an untreated control were implemented as additional treatments. The insecticides were tested at the recommended rate (single rate) and at double the recommended rate (double rate), except for the insecticides in the additional treatments which were only tested at the single rate. These insecticides were applied three times over a period of four months, and tree growth measurements (Gld/Dbh and Ht) were taken four times over a period of seven months. Gonipterus spp. vi was the only insect pest found in both these trials, thus the insecticides were tested for their efficacy in managing this specific insect pest. A higher population and damage of Gonipterus spp. was found in the E. dunnii trial and very little to no damage was observed in the E. badjensis trial. All insecticides tested were not effective in managing Gonipterus spp. in these specific sites. A low population of insect pests and incorrect timing and method of application of some of the insecticides could offer a plausible explanation of results. Results from these trials indicate that where foliar insect pests occur in high abundance, significant tree-growth reduction occurs. Although insecticides (deltamethrin - for G. scutellatus; imidacloprid for L. invasa) can be used for the short-term control of these insects, their commercial benefits may be reduced due to the number of repeat applications required and/or with high levels of infestation. Of the eight environmentally acceptable insecticides tested for foliar insect control, the low abundance of insect pests present in the trials meant that their efficacy could not be quantified. If an alternative insecticide were to be found, its application would need to be linked to the environmentally stimulated outbreaks of specific insects. Of the treatments implemented, the selection and planting of eucalypts with known resistance to specific insect pests currently remains the most viable management strategy. Breeding for increased tolerance within resistant eucalypts may also provide additional benefits. Although the above research showed the negative impacts of foliar insect pests on tree growth, it also indicated that no single control method is viable for all insect pests. Future research should look at the integration of different management methods while incorporating more insect pests and different seasons in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Understanding the role of social capital in enhancing community resilience to natural disasters: a case study of Muzarabani District, Zimbabwe
- Authors: Kasimba, Rosemary
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Social capital (Sociology) -- Zimbabwe , Natural disasters -- Zimbabwe -- Social aspects , Resilience (Personality trait) -- Zimbabwe , Food security -- Climatic factors -- Zimbabwe , Social sciences -- Network analysis , Cooperativeness -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60292 , vital:27763
- Description: The central focus of the study was to seek an understanding of the role that Social Capital plays in enhancing the resilience and adaptive capacity of the community to floods and droughts in Muzarabani District of Northern Zimbabwe. The study was conducted in two of the wards in Muzarabani District namely Chadereka and Kapembere. In addition, the study sought to understand the coping and adaptation strategies employed by the most vulnerable groups such as the elderly, child heads, women and single heads of households. The specific objectives of the study were: to understand the effects of floods and droughts on residents’ livelihoods and food security, examine residents’ perceptions on droughts andfloods and to document community-based strategies utilised by women, child-headed families and the elderly to improve their livelihood and food security in the face of floods and droughts, explore different types of Social Capital that exist in the study area especially with regard to household resilience to disasters, comprehend the basis of residents’ resilience to floods and droughts and the extent to which vulnerable groups rely on Social Capital when coping with these disasters and to examine the repercussions of residents’ strategies on the community’s institutional structures. The study was informed by Social Capital theory and the social network analysis. Social Capital plays a pivotal role in enhancing the resilience of the community to floods and droughts. Different types of Social Capital that exist and help people to deal with floods and droughts include linking, bonding, and bridging and victim Social Capital. Inhabitants within and outside villages support each other. Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the government are also working hand in hand with community members to reduce the negative impacts of floods and droughts. Volunteerism, generalised reciprocity and mutual understanding are also at the centre of interventions. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches to achieve its objectives. Questionnaires, focus groups discussions, observations, transect walks, key informant interviews and some participatory methods were used to collect data. SPSS, content and thematic analysis were used to analyse data. The study found that floods and droughts negatively impact on human security, causing acute food shortages, intensifying poverty, spread of water related diseases, increasing divorce rates, children dropping out of school, reduced livestock and crop production, family disintegration, chaos in religion, exacerbating local unemployment as well as negatively affecting the wellbeing of community members. On a positive note, floods in Chadereka cause the deposition of alluvial soils that are good for crop production. However, in Kapembere, volunteerism is not very common; inhabitants are not yet trained about the concept. Community members have also formed cooperatives where they would give each other money or grain. In Chadereka, women have formed a mother-support-group to assist children with food in schools. Strategies being employed by the most vulnerable groups include casual labour, joining cooperatives, migration, taking children from school, hiring out cattle, selling of assets, riverine farming, growing drought-resistant crops, making use of indigenous knowledge systems, skipping meals and exploiting natural resources among others. Some women have resorted to prostitution to increase their resilience to floods and drought impacts such as poverty and acute food shortages. The elderly also hire out their cattle. They also rely on support from the government and NGOs. There are a number of challenges faced by residents in dealing with floods and droughts. Community social relationships, migration, casual labour and the sale of assets are the basis of the people’s resilience against the impacts of floods and droughts. The study identified the following issues which all stakeholders involved could take note of: the government should not always be suspicious of disaster-risk reduction strategies implemented by NGOs as this scares away some of them that are willing to offer untied or unconditional assistance; timely and impartial distribution of agricultural inputs to inhabitants would be extremely useful. Moreover, the government needs to provide resources that support local organisations (formed by the local people) to assist the most vulnerable people in communities. Community leaders, together with the government and NGOs, are encouraged to hold awareness campaign programmes that dispel tribal and ethnic stereotypes, to promote local Social Capital among members of the community. Further investigations in the following areas are critical: A more comprehensive assessment of the determinants of resilience to droughts and floods in Zimbabwe is necessary.A study on the challenges faced by the disabled people and women in polygamous marriages and how they are adapting to floods and droughts, needs to be conducted and a critical investigation on the Zimbabwean government’s strengths and weaknesses in enhancing the resilience of the community to floods and droughts is necessary among others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kasimba, Rosemary
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Social capital (Sociology) -- Zimbabwe , Natural disasters -- Zimbabwe -- Social aspects , Resilience (Personality trait) -- Zimbabwe , Food security -- Climatic factors -- Zimbabwe , Social sciences -- Network analysis , Cooperativeness -- Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60292 , vital:27763
- Description: The central focus of the study was to seek an understanding of the role that Social Capital plays in enhancing the resilience and adaptive capacity of the community to floods and droughts in Muzarabani District of Northern Zimbabwe. The study was conducted in two of the wards in Muzarabani District namely Chadereka and Kapembere. In addition, the study sought to understand the coping and adaptation strategies employed by the most vulnerable groups such as the elderly, child heads, women and single heads of households. The specific objectives of the study were: to understand the effects of floods and droughts on residents’ livelihoods and food security, examine residents’ perceptions on droughts andfloods and to document community-based strategies utilised by women, child-headed families and the elderly to improve their livelihood and food security in the face of floods and droughts, explore different types of Social Capital that exist in the study area especially with regard to household resilience to disasters, comprehend the basis of residents’ resilience to floods and droughts and the extent to which vulnerable groups rely on Social Capital when coping with these disasters and to examine the repercussions of residents’ strategies on the community’s institutional structures. The study was informed by Social Capital theory and the social network analysis. Social Capital plays a pivotal role in enhancing the resilience of the community to floods and droughts. Different types of Social Capital that exist and help people to deal with floods and droughts include linking, bonding, and bridging and victim Social Capital. Inhabitants within and outside villages support each other. Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the government are also working hand in hand with community members to reduce the negative impacts of floods and droughts. Volunteerism, generalised reciprocity and mutual understanding are also at the centre of interventions. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches to achieve its objectives. Questionnaires, focus groups discussions, observations, transect walks, key informant interviews and some participatory methods were used to collect data. SPSS, content and thematic analysis were used to analyse data. The study found that floods and droughts negatively impact on human security, causing acute food shortages, intensifying poverty, spread of water related diseases, increasing divorce rates, children dropping out of school, reduced livestock and crop production, family disintegration, chaos in religion, exacerbating local unemployment as well as negatively affecting the wellbeing of community members. On a positive note, floods in Chadereka cause the deposition of alluvial soils that are good for crop production. However, in Kapembere, volunteerism is not very common; inhabitants are not yet trained about the concept. Community members have also formed cooperatives where they would give each other money or grain. In Chadereka, women have formed a mother-support-group to assist children with food in schools. Strategies being employed by the most vulnerable groups include casual labour, joining cooperatives, migration, taking children from school, hiring out cattle, selling of assets, riverine farming, growing drought-resistant crops, making use of indigenous knowledge systems, skipping meals and exploiting natural resources among others. Some women have resorted to prostitution to increase their resilience to floods and drought impacts such as poverty and acute food shortages. The elderly also hire out their cattle. They also rely on support from the government and NGOs. There are a number of challenges faced by residents in dealing with floods and droughts. Community social relationships, migration, casual labour and the sale of assets are the basis of the people’s resilience against the impacts of floods and droughts. The study identified the following issues which all stakeholders involved could take note of: the government should not always be suspicious of disaster-risk reduction strategies implemented by NGOs as this scares away some of them that are willing to offer untied or unconditional assistance; timely and impartial distribution of agricultural inputs to inhabitants would be extremely useful. Moreover, the government needs to provide resources that support local organisations (formed by the local people) to assist the most vulnerable people in communities. Community leaders, together with the government and NGOs, are encouraged to hold awareness campaign programmes that dispel tribal and ethnic stereotypes, to promote local Social Capital among members of the community. Further investigations in the following areas are critical: A more comprehensive assessment of the determinants of resilience to droughts and floods in Zimbabwe is necessary.A study on the challenges faced by the disabled people and women in polygamous marriages and how they are adapting to floods and droughts, needs to be conducted and a critical investigation on the Zimbabwean government’s strengths and weaknesses in enhancing the resilience of the community to floods and droughts is necessary among others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Understanding the role of the media in Zimbabwe African Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) factional fights and the representations of the Lacoste faction in Zimbabwe public discourses
- Mauswa, Desmond Tagara Tavengwa
- Authors: Mauswa, Desmond Tagara Tavengwa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: ZANU-PF (Organization : Zimbabwe) , Political parties , Mass media
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12582 , vital:39290
- Description: This thesis sought to critically examine the origins, nature and impact of ZANU PF factionalist tendencies and how a particular faction headed by former Vice President Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa was represented in Zimbabwean public discourses. Drawing from comparative politics, history, media studies and Zimbabwean current affairs, this interdisciplinary narrative detailed how the new media played a central role in precipitating factional implosion in the liberation war based political party (ZANU PF). Clearly, ZANU PF internecine conflicts in and outside the state controlled and new media had far-reaching socio-economic and political ramifications as rival ZANU PF factions resorted to dirty strategies and tactics to try and weaken and outwit each other. These political machinations took the form of slandering, use of hate speech, dissemination of fake news, assassinations and poisoning among others. As the battle for factional supremacy raged on, the Zimbabwean economy continued on a downward spiral due to inter alia policy contradictions and uncertainty but at the end, November 2017 saw Mugabe being unexpectedly deposed in a coup after 37 years in power. This study went on to identify a number of factors that were working against Mugabe’s patient and heir apparent – Mnangagwa, as he sought to take over the reins of power. These included inter alia the presence and close proximity of the G40 faction linked to the first family but opposing the former vice president, his tainted political record as a result of his involvement in the Matabeleland massacre of the Ndebele ethnic group in the 1980s, allegedly masterminding and engineering electoral fraud in 2008 and having been Mugabe's right hand man for almost four decades. On the other hand, findings from this study suggest that Mnangagwa’s liberation war credentials and his close association with the military and the war veterans played a pivotal role in assisting him to land the presidency following Mugabe’s forced resignation or what was defined by many as a coup. While the Lacoste faction eventually prevailed over their G40 rivals, the study concluded that ZANU PF factionalism negatively impacted on governmental decisions, policies and systems and the aftermath of the military coup continues to pose serious challenges to Zimbabwe’s political future however defined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mauswa, Desmond Tagara Tavengwa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: ZANU-PF (Organization : Zimbabwe) , Political parties , Mass media
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12582 , vital:39290
- Description: This thesis sought to critically examine the origins, nature and impact of ZANU PF factionalist tendencies and how a particular faction headed by former Vice President Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa was represented in Zimbabwean public discourses. Drawing from comparative politics, history, media studies and Zimbabwean current affairs, this interdisciplinary narrative detailed how the new media played a central role in precipitating factional implosion in the liberation war based political party (ZANU PF). Clearly, ZANU PF internecine conflicts in and outside the state controlled and new media had far-reaching socio-economic and political ramifications as rival ZANU PF factions resorted to dirty strategies and tactics to try and weaken and outwit each other. These political machinations took the form of slandering, use of hate speech, dissemination of fake news, assassinations and poisoning among others. As the battle for factional supremacy raged on, the Zimbabwean economy continued on a downward spiral due to inter alia policy contradictions and uncertainty but at the end, November 2017 saw Mugabe being unexpectedly deposed in a coup after 37 years in power. This study went on to identify a number of factors that were working against Mugabe’s patient and heir apparent – Mnangagwa, as he sought to take over the reins of power. These included inter alia the presence and close proximity of the G40 faction linked to the first family but opposing the former vice president, his tainted political record as a result of his involvement in the Matabeleland massacre of the Ndebele ethnic group in the 1980s, allegedly masterminding and engineering electoral fraud in 2008 and having been Mugabe's right hand man for almost four decades. On the other hand, findings from this study suggest that Mnangagwa’s liberation war credentials and his close association with the military and the war veterans played a pivotal role in assisting him to land the presidency following Mugabe’s forced resignation or what was defined by many as a coup. While the Lacoste faction eventually prevailed over their G40 rivals, the study concluded that ZANU PF factionalism negatively impacted on governmental decisions, policies and systems and the aftermath of the military coup continues to pose serious challenges to Zimbabwe’s political future however defined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Unfair discrimination and affirmative action in the workplace
- Authors: Motona, Johannes
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Discrimination in employment -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Unfair labor practices -- South Africa Affirmative action programs -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32300 , vital:32007
- Description: South Africa enacted the following legislation, the Constitution, the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 and the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 and the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995. In terms of the Constitution a notion of substantive equality was incorporated in the Bill of Rights. Section 9 of the Constitution specifically provides that no person may be discriminated against and provides a list of grounds which are specifically prohibited. Furthermore, the Constitution affirms the values of equality, dignity and freedom. The Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 aims at eliminating social and economic inequalities which were created by apartheid. The Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 is similar to the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act and takes into consideration the inequalities in employment, occupation and income which exist as a result of apartheid. In maintaining the objective of this treatise, section 6(2) of the EEA must be seen as an extension of and read in light of section 9(2) of the Constitution which provides that equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms and permits the use of legislative and other measures, designed to protect or advance persons or categories of persons disadvantaged by unfair discrimination in the past for the purpose of achieving substantive equality. Therefore, section 6(2)(a) of the EEA may be considered the statutory equivalent of section 9(2) of the Constitution. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 has a key and crucial commitment to substantive equality and to correct the imbalances of the past and to create a less divided society in which the constitutional democracy can be advanced. The Constitution identifies human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms as some of the basic values upon which South Africa is founded. The Constitution restraints the state and any person from unfairly discriminating on grounds that adversely impacts upon dignity. It further empowers the state to take legislative and other measures to advance persons previously disadvantaged by unfair discrimination. This treatise covers the test for affirmative action as in the Harksen Test, Minister of Finance v Van Heerden and recently strengthened in Solidarity obo Barnard v SA Police Services. It also deals with the Barnard trilogy. Of significance is that the Constitutional Court judgment in Barnard is the first Constitutional Court judgment dealing with affirmative action and its application in terms of the EEA. The judgment strengthens the Constitutional Court finding in Van Heerden in that a restitutionary measure such as affirmative action is not presumed unfair unless it complies with the section 9(2) “internal test”. The Post Barnard Judgment is also discussed in this treatise with reference to the following cases: Mgolozeli v Gauteng Department of Finance and Another, Solidarity and the Department of Correctional Services, South Africa Police Service v the Public Service Association of South Africa: Captain Munsamy and another and Solidarity v the Minister of Safety and Security and others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Motona, Johannes
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Discrimination in employment -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Unfair labor practices -- South Africa Affirmative action programs -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32300 , vital:32007
- Description: South Africa enacted the following legislation, the Constitution, the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 and the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 and the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995. In terms of the Constitution a notion of substantive equality was incorporated in the Bill of Rights. Section 9 of the Constitution specifically provides that no person may be discriminated against and provides a list of grounds which are specifically prohibited. Furthermore, the Constitution affirms the values of equality, dignity and freedom. The Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000 aims at eliminating social and economic inequalities which were created by apartheid. The Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 is similar to the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act and takes into consideration the inequalities in employment, occupation and income which exist as a result of apartheid. In maintaining the objective of this treatise, section 6(2) of the EEA must be seen as an extension of and read in light of section 9(2) of the Constitution which provides that equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and freedoms and permits the use of legislative and other measures, designed to protect or advance persons or categories of persons disadvantaged by unfair discrimination in the past for the purpose of achieving substantive equality. Therefore, section 6(2)(a) of the EEA may be considered the statutory equivalent of section 9(2) of the Constitution. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 has a key and crucial commitment to substantive equality and to correct the imbalances of the past and to create a less divided society in which the constitutional democracy can be advanced. The Constitution identifies human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms as some of the basic values upon which South Africa is founded. The Constitution restraints the state and any person from unfairly discriminating on grounds that adversely impacts upon dignity. It further empowers the state to take legislative and other measures to advance persons previously disadvantaged by unfair discrimination. This treatise covers the test for affirmative action as in the Harksen Test, Minister of Finance v Van Heerden and recently strengthened in Solidarity obo Barnard v SA Police Services. It also deals with the Barnard trilogy. Of significance is that the Constitutional Court judgment in Barnard is the first Constitutional Court judgment dealing with affirmative action and its application in terms of the EEA. The judgment strengthens the Constitutional Court finding in Van Heerden in that a restitutionary measure such as affirmative action is not presumed unfair unless it complies with the section 9(2) “internal test”. The Post Barnard Judgment is also discussed in this treatise with reference to the following cases: Mgolozeli v Gauteng Department of Finance and Another, Solidarity and the Department of Correctional Services, South Africa Police Service v the Public Service Association of South Africa: Captain Munsamy and another and Solidarity v the Minister of Safety and Security and others.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Universities and their role in the growth and development of cities in changing global context : a case study of East London and its higher education institutions, with special emphasis on the University of Fort Hare
- Authors: Sibanda, Francis
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Universities and colleges--South Africa--Eastern Cape Education, Higher--Social aspects--zSouth Africa--Eastern Cape Academic-industrial collaboration--Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Social Sciences
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15509 , vital:40414
- Description: This thesis uses the urban growth and development theory in analysing and applying place-based approaches in the growth and development of the city of East London. Globalisation despite its seeming elimination of distance has in fact made geographical locations more necessary as agglomeration acts as a comparative and competitive advantage for growth and development. It is the contention of this study that places and spaces can develop more rapidly if there exists factors that support innovation and clustering. In this case, HEIs in cities are described as catalysts for growth and development within cities. By their presence in cities and their contribution through knowledge creation, production, dissemination and sharing, they become anchors of development in post-industrial cities that no longer depend on heavy industries but are driven by knowledge, hence, the knowledge economy. There are several city development theories, those that advocate for the use of big projects; others for infrastructure development; and some, for industrialization as a way to revitalize and drive city economic growth and development. This study argues that these development strategies have previously been used in the East London case but with very little success. It seeks therefore to propose that in addition to these, an anchor strategy, whereby institutions such as universities and hospitals, can be used by cities for their growth and development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Sibanda, Francis
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Universities and colleges--South Africa--Eastern Cape Education, Higher--Social aspects--zSouth Africa--Eastern Cape Academic-industrial collaboration--Economic aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Social Sciences
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15509 , vital:40414
- Description: This thesis uses the urban growth and development theory in analysing and applying place-based approaches in the growth and development of the city of East London. Globalisation despite its seeming elimination of distance has in fact made geographical locations more necessary as agglomeration acts as a comparative and competitive advantage for growth and development. It is the contention of this study that places and spaces can develop more rapidly if there exists factors that support innovation and clustering. In this case, HEIs in cities are described as catalysts for growth and development within cities. By their presence in cities and their contribution through knowledge creation, production, dissemination and sharing, they become anchors of development in post-industrial cities that no longer depend on heavy industries but are driven by knowledge, hence, the knowledge economy. There are several city development theories, those that advocate for the use of big projects; others for infrastructure development; and some, for industrialization as a way to revitalize and drive city economic growth and development. This study argues that these development strategies have previously been used in the East London case but with very little success. It seeks therefore to propose that in addition to these, an anchor strategy, whereby institutions such as universities and hospitals, can be used by cities for their growth and development.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Unraveling the Motions behind Enterovirus 71 Uncoating:
- Ross, Caroline J, Atilgan, Ali R, Tastan Bishop, Özlem, Atilgan, Canan
- Authors: Ross, Caroline J , Atilgan, Ali R , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Atilgan, Canan
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148158 , vital:38715 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.12.021
- Description: Enterovirus 71 can be a severe pathogen in small children and immunocompromised adults. Virus uncoating is a critical step in the infection of the host cell; however, the mechanisms that control this process remain poorly understood. We applied normal mode analysis and perturbation response scanning to several complexes of the virus capsid and present a coarse-graining approach to analyze the full capsid. We show that our method offers an alternative to expressing the system as a set of rigid blocks and accounts for the interconnection between nodes within each subunit and protein interfaces across the capsid. In our coarse-grained approach, the modes associated with capsid expansion are captured in the first three nondegenerate modes and correspond to the changes observed in structural studies of the virus. We show that the resolution of the analysis may be modified without losing information on the global motions leading to uncoating.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ross, Caroline J , Atilgan, Ali R , Tastan Bishop, Özlem , Atilgan, Canan
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/148158 , vital:38715 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.12.021
- Description: Enterovirus 71 can be a severe pathogen in small children and immunocompromised adults. Virus uncoating is a critical step in the infection of the host cell; however, the mechanisms that control this process remain poorly understood. We applied normal mode analysis and perturbation response scanning to several complexes of the virus capsid and present a coarse-graining approach to analyze the full capsid. We show that our method offers an alternative to expressing the system as a set of rigid blocks and accounts for the interconnection between nodes within each subunit and protein interfaces across the capsid. In our coarse-grained approach, the modes associated with capsid expansion are captured in the first three nondegenerate modes and correspond to the changes observed in structural studies of the virus. We show that the resolution of the analysis may be modified without losing information on the global motions leading to uncoating.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Uphando-nzulu lweempendulo ezibhaliweyo zabafundi bamabakala aphezulu emfundo kuncwadi lwesiXhosa
- Authors: Mavela, Xolani Sikhomo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Discourse analysis , Anthropological linguistics , Academic writing Study and teaching , Academic writing Evaluation , Linguistics Research
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63176 , vital:28370
- Description: Kwiziphumo zakutsha nje ezivezwe kwiigridi zocazululo zohlolo loncwadi kwinqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo (FET), kufumaniseke ukuba abafundi beli nqanaba abaqhubi kakuhle tu kwaphela xa becelwa ukuba babhale iimpendulo zabo kwanezo zimandundu nezikhwencayo kwiitekisi zoncwadi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, eyona njongo iphambili yolu phando kukuzama ukuyila nokuvelisa isixhobo esinokusetyenziswa ekwaziseni nasekuxhobiseni abafundi besiXhosa abakwinqanaba leFET, ngezakhono zokubhala eziphuhlileyo nezikumgangatho wobhalo lwamaziko emfundo enomsila. Kule meko, ingcali yophando kwezobhalo lolwimi uMartin (2009) uhlomla ngelithi ubhalo olujolise ekunikeni iimpendulo, lubonwa njengohlobo lokubhala oluneengcambu ezimiliselwe ekufundisweni nasekungeneleleni ngokugqibeleleyo ngezakhono zokubhala, bhalo olu lunokuthi emva kwethuba elithile, luphelele kwincochoyi yokushicilelwa, lube ngamaxwebhu ahlelwe ngokusesikweni. Iindlela okanye izixhobo zokubhala eziyilwe ngeenjongo zokunikeza iimpendulo, nezithathwe kuphando lukaFeez noJoyce (1998), zizo eziza kusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yoqeqesho nakumaphulo ongenelelo oluza kuxhasa abafundi besiXhosa benqanaba leFET, nanjengoko ezi zixhobo zibonakala zinegalelo elincomekayo kwindlela ekubhalwa ngayo iimpendulo zeetekisi zoncwadi, ngokuthi zigxile kwezi njongo zilandelayo: (i) Ukunika abafundi ulwazi lokuzuza ulwazi olunzulu nolugqibeleleyo ngokuphathelele kwiinjongo zetekisi. (ii) Ukunika inkcazelo ecacileyo ngokubaluleka kwesakhiwo setekisi kwanokubunjwa kwayo. (iii) Ukuxhobisa abafundi ukuze bakwazi ukuchonga ulwimi oluxabisayo, iimpawu zobume bamagama negrama, kuquka nemiba ephambili yamasiko kwiitekisi zoncwadi. Ngenxa yezi njongo, kufikelelwa kuqikelelo oluthi, kuya kuthi ngokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sikaFeez noJoyce seZakhono zokuBhala, sixhobo eso sayame kwiinqobo zeNgcingane yokuXabisa okufundwayo nedandalaziswa nguMartin noWhite (2006; 2005 no-2003) nayo le ngcingane eluncedo ekufundisweni kokubhala, abafundi abaninzi boncwadi lwesiXhosa kukholeleka ukuba bakukwazi ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokubhala iitekisi ezinika iimpendulo ezihlahlela imiba ephambili yoncwadi abalufundisiweyo. Olu phando lukwahlabela mgama lubonisa nokuba nezinye izixhobo zoyilo lweetekisi zikaGrabe noKaplan (1996), zinakho ukusetyenziswa ngaxesha linye neenqobo zeNgcingane yokuXabisa okufundwayo, kuquka nemiba yeZakhono zokuBhala, ukuze kwandiswe oku kuphuhliswa kwezakhono zokubhala kubafundi besiXhosa, kungaphelelanga kumabanga aphezulu, koko kufikelelwe nakumabanga asezantsi, nanjengoko kuveziwe kwiziphumo, kwizishwankathelo nakwisiphelo solu phando.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mavela, Xolani Sikhomo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Discourse analysis , Anthropological linguistics , Academic writing Study and teaching , Academic writing Evaluation , Linguistics Research
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: text , Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63176 , vital:28370
- Description: Kwiziphumo zakutsha nje ezivezwe kwiigridi zocazululo zohlolo loncwadi kwinqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo (FET), kufumaniseke ukuba abafundi beli nqanaba abaqhubi kakuhle tu kwaphela xa becelwa ukuba babhale iimpendulo zabo kwanezo zimandundu nezikhwencayo kwiitekisi zoncwadi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, eyona njongo iphambili yolu phando kukuzama ukuyila nokuvelisa isixhobo esinokusetyenziswa ekwaziseni nasekuxhobiseni abafundi besiXhosa abakwinqanaba leFET, ngezakhono zokubhala eziphuhlileyo nezikumgangatho wobhalo lwamaziko emfundo enomsila. Kule meko, ingcali yophando kwezobhalo lolwimi uMartin (2009) uhlomla ngelithi ubhalo olujolise ekunikeni iimpendulo, lubonwa njengohlobo lokubhala oluneengcambu ezimiliselwe ekufundisweni nasekungeneleleni ngokugqibeleleyo ngezakhono zokubhala, bhalo olu lunokuthi emva kwethuba elithile, luphelele kwincochoyi yokushicilelwa, lube ngamaxwebhu ahlelwe ngokusesikweni. Iindlela okanye izixhobo zokubhala eziyilwe ngeenjongo zokunikeza iimpendulo, nezithathwe kuphando lukaFeez noJoyce (1998), zizo eziza kusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yoqeqesho nakumaphulo ongenelelo oluza kuxhasa abafundi besiXhosa benqanaba leFET, nanjengoko ezi zixhobo zibonakala zinegalelo elincomekayo kwindlela ekubhalwa ngayo iimpendulo zeetekisi zoncwadi, ngokuthi zigxile kwezi njongo zilandelayo: (i) Ukunika abafundi ulwazi lokuzuza ulwazi olunzulu nolugqibeleleyo ngokuphathelele kwiinjongo zetekisi. (ii) Ukunika inkcazelo ecacileyo ngokubaluleka kwesakhiwo setekisi kwanokubunjwa kwayo. (iii) Ukuxhobisa abafundi ukuze bakwazi ukuchonga ulwimi oluxabisayo, iimpawu zobume bamagama negrama, kuquka nemiba ephambili yamasiko kwiitekisi zoncwadi. Ngenxa yezi njongo, kufikelelwa kuqikelelo oluthi, kuya kuthi ngokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sikaFeez noJoyce seZakhono zokuBhala, sixhobo eso sayame kwiinqobo zeNgcingane yokuXabisa okufundwayo nedandalaziswa nguMartin noWhite (2006; 2005 no-2003) nayo le ngcingane eluncedo ekufundisweni kokubhala, abafundi abaninzi boncwadi lwesiXhosa kukholeleka ukuba bakukwazi ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokubhala iitekisi ezinika iimpendulo ezihlahlela imiba ephambili yoncwadi abalufundisiweyo. Olu phando lukwahlabela mgama lubonisa nokuba nezinye izixhobo zoyilo lweetekisi zikaGrabe noKaplan (1996), zinakho ukusetyenziswa ngaxesha linye neenqobo zeNgcingane yokuXabisa okufundwayo, kuquka nemiba yeZakhono zokuBhala, ukuze kwandiswe oku kuphuhliswa kwezakhono zokubhala kubafundi besiXhosa, kungaphelelanga kumabanga aphezulu, koko kufikelelwe nakumabanga asezantsi, nanjengoko kuveziwe kwiziphumo, kwizishwankathelo nakwisiphelo solu phando.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Uphando-nzulu ngobunzima bokuphuhlisa IsiXhosa kwizikolo zamabanga aphantsi kwizikolo ezikhethiweyo kwingingqi yaseBhayi
- Authors: Swartbooi, Landelwa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Xhosa language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31053 , vital:31294
- Description: Kolu phando kuqwalaselwa indlela nezinto ezingunobangela wokokuba kube nzima ukuphuhlisa isiXhosa kumabanga aphantsi, kwizikolo ebezifudula zihlohla ngesiNgesi nesi-Bhulu. Luza kwayama ncakasana kwisikolo I-SAPPHIRE ROAD PRIMARY SCHOOL ebesinelinge elingu Vulindlela (ebesiyi-Pilot) ngonyaka wama-2014 kwiVulindlela IIAL (kwi-Project IIAL (Incremental Introduction of African Languages). Kungoko ke uphando luza kuthi lugxile ekuthini ingaba kwesi sikolo sikhankanyiweyo buvela njani ubunzima okanye zinto zini ezingunobangela wokuba kube nzima kuphuhliswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa kula mabanga aphantsi. Uphando luza kuthi lujonge ukuba imimiselo, nemigaqo yomgaqo-siseko weli lizwe ingaba iyahlonitshwa ezikolweni ekuphuhliseni iilwimi zomthonyana ingakumbi isiXhosa. Uphando luyayiqonda imeko yokufundiswa kweelwimi zomthonyana eMzantsi- Afrika ukuba lujongene nemiceli-mngeni emininzi. Kukho imithetho nemigaqo ebekiweyo. Kuyaphawuleka ke ukuba esi sikolo sinayo ingxaki ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imigaqo yokufundisa isiXhosa iyalandelwa. Yiyo ke le nto kubalulekile ukuba xa kufundiswa okanye kuphuhliswa isiXhosa kumabanga aphantsi kufuneka ingatyeshelwa imigaqo yokufundiswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa, lwimi olo oluyigolide yeSizwe kubantwana abathetha isiXhosa. Kuba umntwana emamela, kwaye afunde ngcono xa efunda ngolwimi lwakhe, kubalulekile ukuba iziphene ezifumanekayo zilungiswe ukuze lungatenxi ulwimi.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Swartbooi, Landelwa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Primary) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Xhosa language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Xhosa language -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31053 , vital:31294
- Description: Kolu phando kuqwalaselwa indlela nezinto ezingunobangela wokokuba kube nzima ukuphuhlisa isiXhosa kumabanga aphantsi, kwizikolo ebezifudula zihlohla ngesiNgesi nesi-Bhulu. Luza kwayama ncakasana kwisikolo I-SAPPHIRE ROAD PRIMARY SCHOOL ebesinelinge elingu Vulindlela (ebesiyi-Pilot) ngonyaka wama-2014 kwiVulindlela IIAL (kwi-Project IIAL (Incremental Introduction of African Languages). Kungoko ke uphando luza kuthi lugxile ekuthini ingaba kwesi sikolo sikhankanyiweyo buvela njani ubunzima okanye zinto zini ezingunobangela wokuba kube nzima kuphuhliswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa kula mabanga aphantsi. Uphando luza kuthi lujonge ukuba imimiselo, nemigaqo yomgaqo-siseko weli lizwe ingaba iyahlonitshwa ezikolweni ekuphuhliseni iilwimi zomthonyana ingakumbi isiXhosa. Uphando luyayiqonda imeko yokufundiswa kweelwimi zomthonyana eMzantsi- Afrika ukuba lujongene nemiceli-mngeni emininzi. Kukho imithetho nemigaqo ebekiweyo. Kuyaphawuleka ke ukuba esi sikolo sinayo ingxaki ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imigaqo yokufundisa isiXhosa iyalandelwa. Yiyo ke le nto kubalulekile ukuba xa kufundiswa okanye kuphuhliswa isiXhosa kumabanga aphantsi kufuneka ingatyeshelwa imigaqo yokufundiswa kolwimi lwesiXhosa, lwimi olo oluyigolide yeSizwe kubantwana abathetha isiXhosa. Kuba umntwana emamela, kwaye afunde ngcono xa efunda ngolwimi lwakhe, kubalulekile ukuba iziphene ezifumanekayo zilungiswe ukuze lungatenxi ulwimi.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Uphicotho nzulu lokusetyenziswa kwamandla eempawu zesimiyotiki kwiinoveli ezichongiweyo zesiXhosa
- Authors: Mvanyashe, Andiswa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Semiotics , Xhosa literature -- Research Folk literature, Xhosa
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32916 , vital:32397
- Description: Olu phando lungesimiyotiki, oko ukutsho, ufundo-nzulu ngeempawu nemiqondiso. Le ngcingane yesimiyotiki ithi ixhaswe yingcingane yesemantiki, yesintaksi, neyepragmatiki kolu phando. Ezi ngcingane ziyahambisana kuba zonke zinento enye ezifana ngayo, ukushukuxa intsingiselo yeempawu nemiqondiso ngokwahlukana kwayo. Isimiyotiki ithi isetyenziswe ukuhlalutya ezi ncwadi zintathu zilandelayo zaba babhali: ekaJordan (1940) ethi Ingqumbo Yeminyanya, Ukuqhawuka kwembeleko nguD.M Jongilanga (1982) noUkuba ndandazile nguW.K Tamsanqa (1976). Uphando luthe lwahlulwa ngezihloko ezithandathu; isihloko sokuqala sinika ingcaciso yophando luphela; isihloko sesibini singena nzulu sicacise ingcingane esetyenzisiweyo yesimiyotiki kunye nezo ziyixhasayo; kwisihloko sesithathu kushukuxwa isimiyotiki nenkcubeko; kwisihloko sesine kushukuxwa isimiyotiki nemo yokumila; kwisihloko sesihlanu kushukuxwa isimiyotiki nepragmatiki; kwisihloko sesithandathu kushwankathelwa okanye kuququnjelwe yonke into - into ethe yaqhubeka kolu phando kunikwa neengcebiso eluntwini. Uphando luphela luzivelele iinkalo ezininzi zesimiyotiki kwaye lwaphendula nemibuzo yophando, lwafezekisa iinjongo zophando, lwafaka nomceli-mngeni kwabanye abaphandi abasaza kuphanda ngesimiyotiki. Kolu phando inkcubeko ibonakele kakhulu ukuba yinxenye yesimiyotiki kuba ibonisa imiqondiso neempawu ezinika intsingiselo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Mvanyashe, Andiswa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Semiotics , Xhosa literature -- Research Folk literature, Xhosa
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/32916 , vital:32397
- Description: Olu phando lungesimiyotiki, oko ukutsho, ufundo-nzulu ngeempawu nemiqondiso. Le ngcingane yesimiyotiki ithi ixhaswe yingcingane yesemantiki, yesintaksi, neyepragmatiki kolu phando. Ezi ngcingane ziyahambisana kuba zonke zinento enye ezifana ngayo, ukushukuxa intsingiselo yeempawu nemiqondiso ngokwahlukana kwayo. Isimiyotiki ithi isetyenziswe ukuhlalutya ezi ncwadi zintathu zilandelayo zaba babhali: ekaJordan (1940) ethi Ingqumbo Yeminyanya, Ukuqhawuka kwembeleko nguD.M Jongilanga (1982) noUkuba ndandazile nguW.K Tamsanqa (1976). Uphando luthe lwahlulwa ngezihloko ezithandathu; isihloko sokuqala sinika ingcaciso yophando luphela; isihloko sesibini singena nzulu sicacise ingcingane esetyenzisiweyo yesimiyotiki kunye nezo ziyixhasayo; kwisihloko sesithathu kushukuxwa isimiyotiki nenkcubeko; kwisihloko sesine kushukuxwa isimiyotiki nemo yokumila; kwisihloko sesihlanu kushukuxwa isimiyotiki nepragmatiki; kwisihloko sesithandathu kushwankathelwa okanye kuququnjelwe yonke into - into ethe yaqhubeka kolu phando kunikwa neengcebiso eluntwini. Uphando luphela luzivelele iinkalo ezininzi zesimiyotiki kwaye lwaphendula nemibuzo yophando, lwafezekisa iinjongo zophando, lwafaka nomceli-mngeni kwabanye abaphandi abasaza kuphanda ngesimiyotiki. Kolu phando inkcubeko ibonakele kakhulu ukuba yinxenye yesimiyotiki kuba ibonisa imiqondiso neempawu ezinika intsingiselo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Uphicotho-nzulu ngokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngababhali bezini ezahlukeneyo kwiincwadi zesixhosa ezikhethiweyo
- Authors: Fali, Nompumelelo Winnifred
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Usage , Gender identity in literature Xhosa literature -- Research
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29871 , vital:30787
- Description: Uphando luza kugxininisa kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngababhali bezini ezahlukeneyo. Ulwazi olukhoyo kolu phando lujolise ekuphandeni, uphicotho–nzulu kuphononongwa iincwadi zesiXhosa ezikhethiweyo. Phambi kokuba kujongwe okuqulathiweyo ngababhali bezini kufuneka kujongwe kuqwalaselwe indlela ababhali abasebenzisa ngayo ulwimi. Kuza kujongwa nendlela ababazoba ngayo abalinganiswa kuncwadi ingakumbi ababhali abangamadoda, kuba kubalulekile kujongwe indlela abazotywa ngayo kwakunye nolwimi ukuze kube lula ukuqonda indlela olwakhiwe ngayo uphando. Ngokutsho kukaStralton, (1990:98) abalinganiswa basetyhini bakhiwa ngeendlela ezininzi maxa wambi babizwa ngendlela apho eneengcinga ezineentetho ezisoloko zisetyenziswa ezingalunganga, kwanokungalingani kwezini kuba yingxaki esoloko ikho amaxesha amaninzi. Uqhubeka athi abalinganiswa basetyhini bazotywe njengoomama ababopheleleke emakhaya, kodwa benoxanduva lokujonga amakhaya, abantwana, abayeni kwanabantu bomzi. Indawo yabasetyhini ibonwa njengeyokuba isekhitshini apho soloko besebenza khona. Uphinda oleke ngelithi ababhali abangamadoda batyibela abalinganiswa basetyhini njengabantu abangathembekanga ekwenzeni okulungileyo kwanokutyhefa okanye ukungcolisa uluntu entlalweni. ULeslie (1987:05) ucacisa banzi ngabantu basetyhini athi bangabalinganiswa abazotywa kubhalo-ncwadi njengabantu abamele “oomama abaswiti” abavuma yonke into engavumelekanga okanye engathandekiyo kwaye ngabantu abazinikelayo bancame ubom babo. Esi siqu sika“mama” uLeslie (1987:15) uthetha ngaso ehlanganisa “umama waseAfrika” onobuhle ngaphakathi nangaphandle ukwakhiwa kwakunye nokuhlaziyeka kwakhe. Isiqu esihle, uyaphinda-phinda ukuthi, abasetyhini banomonde kwakunye nothando olunovakalelo, indlela ebonakalisa ubunjani babo. Abalinganiswa abaninzi basetyhini bamiswa ziingcinga neentetho ezisoloko zisetyenziswa zezini ukwenzela imigudu nemizamo yabo yokwenyuka itsalelwe ezantsi kubekho imibuzo engenampendulo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Fali, Nompumelelo Winnifred
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Usage , Gender identity in literature Xhosa literature -- Research
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29871 , vital:30787
- Description: Uphando luza kugxininisa kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngababhali bezini ezahlukeneyo. Ulwazi olukhoyo kolu phando lujolise ekuphandeni, uphicotho–nzulu kuphononongwa iincwadi zesiXhosa ezikhethiweyo. Phambi kokuba kujongwe okuqulathiweyo ngababhali bezini kufuneka kujongwe kuqwalaselwe indlela ababhali abasebenzisa ngayo ulwimi. Kuza kujongwa nendlela ababazoba ngayo abalinganiswa kuncwadi ingakumbi ababhali abangamadoda, kuba kubalulekile kujongwe indlela abazotywa ngayo kwakunye nolwimi ukuze kube lula ukuqonda indlela olwakhiwe ngayo uphando. Ngokutsho kukaStralton, (1990:98) abalinganiswa basetyhini bakhiwa ngeendlela ezininzi maxa wambi babizwa ngendlela apho eneengcinga ezineentetho ezisoloko zisetyenziswa ezingalunganga, kwanokungalingani kwezini kuba yingxaki esoloko ikho amaxesha amaninzi. Uqhubeka athi abalinganiswa basetyhini bazotywe njengoomama ababopheleleke emakhaya, kodwa benoxanduva lokujonga amakhaya, abantwana, abayeni kwanabantu bomzi. Indawo yabasetyhini ibonwa njengeyokuba isekhitshini apho soloko besebenza khona. Uphinda oleke ngelithi ababhali abangamadoda batyibela abalinganiswa basetyhini njengabantu abangathembekanga ekwenzeni okulungileyo kwanokutyhefa okanye ukungcolisa uluntu entlalweni. ULeslie (1987:05) ucacisa banzi ngabantu basetyhini athi bangabalinganiswa abazotywa kubhalo-ncwadi njengabantu abamele “oomama abaswiti” abavuma yonke into engavumelekanga okanye engathandekiyo kwaye ngabantu abazinikelayo bancame ubom babo. Esi siqu sika“mama” uLeslie (1987:15) uthetha ngaso ehlanganisa “umama waseAfrika” onobuhle ngaphakathi nangaphandle ukwakhiwa kwakunye nokuhlaziyeka kwakhe. Isiqu esihle, uyaphinda-phinda ukuthi, abasetyhini banomonde kwakunye nothando olunovakalelo, indlela ebonakalisa ubunjani babo. Abalinganiswa abaninzi basetyhini bamiswa ziingcinga neentetho ezisoloko zisetyenziswa zezini ukwenzela imigudu nemizamo yabo yokwenyuka itsalelwe ezantsi kubekho imibuzo engenampendulo.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Uphononongo lwemiba yentlalo inkcubeko noburharha ephembelela ababhali kuthiyo lwabalinganiswa kwiincwadi zedrama zesiXhosa ezichongiweyo
- Authors: Kapa, Nompumelelo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Characters and characteristics in literature Xhosa drama
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8440 , vital:32795
- Description: Olu phando luzakuqwalasela iimeko abathi bazilandele ababhali xa bathiya abalinganiswa phantsi kweemeko zenkcubeko noburharha, kwakunye nokubaluleka kwalo gabalala. Oku kuzakwenziwa kuboniswa nenxaxheba elithi liyidlale ebomini. Kuza kuhlalutywa ezi ncwadi zilandelayo:Amaza ngokubhalwe ngu-Z.S. Qangule, Buzani kuBawo ngu-W.K.Tamsanqa Akwaba ng-T.Ntwana, Iziphumo Zodendo ngu-L.E.Menze, Emgxobhozweni ngu-B.B.Mkonto, Yeha Mfazi Obulala Indoda ngu-L.L.Ngewu, Hay’Ukuzenza ngu-C.F.Jaji. Kwezi ncwadi kuzakuhlalutywa iimeko ezilandelwa ngababhali xa bethiya abalinganiswa kunye nendima edlalwa ligama lo mlinganiswa ngamnye ebalini, oku kuza kubonisa indlela ekuthiywa ngayo ekuhlaleni kwakunye nokubaluleka kwegama kumnini lo. Isahluko sokuqala sizakunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahlukosiqulathe oku kulandelayo:Ingabula zigcawu ngophando• Imvelaphi ngentsusa yokuthiywa kwegama• Iinjongo zolu phando• Okunye okufunyenweyo kolu phando• Indlela oluza kuqhutywa ngayo olu phando• Iingxaki zolu phando• Imibuzo yolu phando• Amagqabantshintshi ngezahluko zoluphando Isahluko sesibini siqwalasele ithiyori ezakuthi isetyenziswe kolu phando . Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi kuqwalaselwe ukuba bathini abanye ababhali ngothiyo. Isahluko sesithathu luphononongo lwabalinganiswa kwincwadi nganye kwezichongiweyo, kulandelwa inkcubeko neemeko zasekuhlaleni . Isahluko sesine sijonge ubugcisa boburharha obulandelwe ngababhali xa bathiya abalinganiswa, kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo, kwakunye nendima ethi edlalwe ngabalinganiswa ebalini. Isahluko sesihlanu nesisesokugqibela, siveza ulwazi oluthe lwafumaneka kuthiyo ngqo, luthelekisa nothiyo ezincwadini,sishwankathela iziphumo zophando.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Kapa, Nompumelelo
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Characters and characteristics in literature Xhosa drama
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8440 , vital:32795
- Description: Olu phando luzakuqwalasela iimeko abathi bazilandele ababhali xa bathiya abalinganiswa phantsi kweemeko zenkcubeko noburharha, kwakunye nokubaluleka kwalo gabalala. Oku kuzakwenziwa kuboniswa nenxaxheba elithi liyidlale ebomini. Kuza kuhlalutywa ezi ncwadi zilandelayo:Amaza ngokubhalwe ngu-Z.S. Qangule, Buzani kuBawo ngu-W.K.Tamsanqa Akwaba ng-T.Ntwana, Iziphumo Zodendo ngu-L.E.Menze, Emgxobhozweni ngu-B.B.Mkonto, Yeha Mfazi Obulala Indoda ngu-L.L.Ngewu, Hay’Ukuzenza ngu-C.F.Jaji. Kwezi ncwadi kuzakuhlalutywa iimeko ezilandelwa ngababhali xa bethiya abalinganiswa kunye nendima edlalwa ligama lo mlinganiswa ngamnye ebalini, oku kuza kubonisa indlela ekuthiywa ngayo ekuhlaleni kwakunye nokubaluleka kwegama kumnini lo. Isahluko sokuqala sizakunika amagqabantshintshi ngolu phando. Esi sahlukosiqulathe oku kulandelayo:Ingabula zigcawu ngophando• Imvelaphi ngentsusa yokuthiywa kwegama• Iinjongo zolu phando• Okunye okufunyenweyo kolu phando• Indlela oluza kuqhutywa ngayo olu phando• Iingxaki zolu phando• Imibuzo yolu phando• Amagqabantshintshi ngezahluko zoluphando Isahluko sesibini siqwalasele ithiyori ezakuthi isetyenziswe kolu phando . Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi kuqwalaselwe ukuba bathini abanye ababhali ngothiyo. Isahluko sesithathu luphononongo lwabalinganiswa kwincwadi nganye kwezichongiweyo, kulandelwa inkcubeko neemeko zasekuhlaleni . Isahluko sesine sijonge ubugcisa boburharha obulandelwe ngababhali xa bathiya abalinganiswa, kwiincwadi ezichongiweyo, kwakunye nendima ethi edlalwe ngabalinganiswa ebalini. Isahluko sesihlanu nesisesokugqibela, siveza ulwazi oluthe lwafumaneka kuthiyo ngqo, luthelekisa nothiyo ezincwadini,sishwankathela iziphumo zophando.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Uphononongo-nzulu ngokwesithako solwazi lwemveli ngefuthe lolwimi lokuhlonipha kuluntu jikelele
- Authors: Dude, Linda Miranda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Reseach , Psycholinguistics Anthropological linguistics Sociolinguistics
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29904 , vital:30792
- Description: Olu phando lubunjwe ukuze luphande ifuthe lolwimi lokuhlonipha, oluyenye yeentsika eqamele ngazo inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu. Luphando olugxile kwinkcubeko yabantu abantetho isisiXhosa, igcuntswana labemi oluyinxalenye yeentlanga zoMzantsi Afrika. Umphandi ubone kubalulekile kwaye kunyanzelekile ukuba akhe aphose amehlo anike ingqalelo kwinkcubeko yamaXhosa ephanda nzulu ngamabakala okukhula nokudodobala kwenkcubeko yamaXhosa. Olu phando luqamele ngamandla kulwimi lokuhlonipha lungqanyaniswa neenkqubo zenkcubeko ezifana nolwaluko, umtshato wesiNtu, luchankcathe phezu kolwimi lwentlonelo kuhlonelwa izinto ezahlukileyo ezifana nemozulu, imilambo, amangcwaba, iinkundla kunye nezinye. Okukona kuphakamise umphandi ukuba enze olu phando yinto yokuba ukufika kwempucuko yaseNtshona, ukunaba okanye ukwanda kwenkolo yobuKrestu, ukudibana kwabamnyama nabamhlophe ingakumbi kwimitshato, ukuthandana kube nefuthe kulwimi lokuhlonipha olusakuba yintsika yenkcubeko yamaXhosa iinkulungwane ngeenkulungwane zeminyaka. Xa sijonga iinguqu kwezembali nezopolitiko nezithe zabanefuthe elibonakalayo ekutyeshelweni kwenkcubeko yamaXhosa, olu phando luza kwayama uxhase uqalo ngokutsha sithathe apho sishiye khona, loo nto ikukuzama ukuvuselela zonke izinto ezazisandula zisenzeka ukugcina inkcubeko nobuzwe bethu. Olu phando luza kuthi lugxininise kulwimi lwesiXhosa nenkcubeko yalo. Le ngxoxo iza kujonga okokuba intetho yamaXhosa ethi: indoda njengentloko, inefuthe elingakanani ekubekeni abantu ababhinqileyo kumgangatho ongezantsi kowamadoda.Injongo yingxam yaloo nto umntu afuna ukuyibhentsisa. Yintsusa mabandla eyenza ukuba umntu aphakame aphande exhinele ukubona inguqu okanye aphuhlise okuthile. Injongo yolu phando kukutsala emva ludandalazise lutyhile ubutyebi benkcubeko yamaXhosa. Olu phando luza kudandalazisa lubeke elubala indlela izinto zazisenziwa ngayo singekaxhwilwa simke nomrhiba wempucuko yaseNtshona. Olu phando luza kuphuhlisa lubonise indima edlalwa lulwimi lokuhlonipha ekwakheni isizwe esiphilileyo nesomeleleyo. Luza kuqwalasela ifuthe lwenkolo yobuKrestu nefike yatshintsha indlela olwalubaluleke ngayo unqulo kwaXhosa, abantu, iindawo, izilo ezazihlonitshwa zinikwa indawo ebalulekileyo esizweni. Luzama ukwenza utshongo oluza kuhlafuna wona umthinjana nomlisela osakhulayo wesizwe esiNtsundu lugcine amasiko nezithethe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Dude, Linda Miranda
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Xhosa language -- Reseach , Psycholinguistics Anthropological linguistics Sociolinguistics
- Language: Isixhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29904 , vital:30792
- Description: Olu phando lubunjwe ukuze luphande ifuthe lolwimi lokuhlonipha, oluyenye yeentsika eqamele ngazo inkcubeko yabantu abaNtsundu. Luphando olugxile kwinkcubeko yabantu abantetho isisiXhosa, igcuntswana labemi oluyinxalenye yeentlanga zoMzantsi Afrika. Umphandi ubone kubalulekile kwaye kunyanzelekile ukuba akhe aphose amehlo anike ingqalelo kwinkcubeko yamaXhosa ephanda nzulu ngamabakala okukhula nokudodobala kwenkcubeko yamaXhosa. Olu phando luqamele ngamandla kulwimi lokuhlonipha lungqanyaniswa neenkqubo zenkcubeko ezifana nolwaluko, umtshato wesiNtu, luchankcathe phezu kolwimi lwentlonelo kuhlonelwa izinto ezahlukileyo ezifana nemozulu, imilambo, amangcwaba, iinkundla kunye nezinye. Okukona kuphakamise umphandi ukuba enze olu phando yinto yokuba ukufika kwempucuko yaseNtshona, ukunaba okanye ukwanda kwenkolo yobuKrestu, ukudibana kwabamnyama nabamhlophe ingakumbi kwimitshato, ukuthandana kube nefuthe kulwimi lokuhlonipha olusakuba yintsika yenkcubeko yamaXhosa iinkulungwane ngeenkulungwane zeminyaka. Xa sijonga iinguqu kwezembali nezopolitiko nezithe zabanefuthe elibonakalayo ekutyeshelweni kwenkcubeko yamaXhosa, olu phando luza kwayama uxhase uqalo ngokutsha sithathe apho sishiye khona, loo nto ikukuzama ukuvuselela zonke izinto ezazisandula zisenzeka ukugcina inkcubeko nobuzwe bethu. Olu phando luza kuthi lugxininise kulwimi lwesiXhosa nenkcubeko yalo. Le ngxoxo iza kujonga okokuba intetho yamaXhosa ethi: indoda njengentloko, inefuthe elingakanani ekubekeni abantu ababhinqileyo kumgangatho ongezantsi kowamadoda.Injongo yingxam yaloo nto umntu afuna ukuyibhentsisa. Yintsusa mabandla eyenza ukuba umntu aphakame aphande exhinele ukubona inguqu okanye aphuhlise okuthile. Injongo yolu phando kukutsala emva ludandalazise lutyhile ubutyebi benkcubeko yamaXhosa. Olu phando luza kudandalazisa lubeke elubala indlela izinto zazisenziwa ngayo singekaxhwilwa simke nomrhiba wempucuko yaseNtshona. Olu phando luza kuphuhlisa lubonise indima edlalwa lulwimi lokuhlonipha ekwakheni isizwe esiphilileyo nesomeleleyo. Luza kuqwalasela ifuthe lwenkolo yobuKrestu nefike yatshintsha indlela olwalubaluleke ngayo unqulo kwaXhosa, abantu, iindawo, izilo ezazihlonitshwa zinikwa indawo ebalulekileyo esizweni. Luzama ukwenza utshongo oluza kuhlafuna wona umthinjana nomlisela osakhulayo wesizwe esiNtsundu lugcine amasiko nezithethe.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Urban agriculture and stokvels
- Authors: Sonti, Yolisa Wendy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Urban agriculture -- Economic aspects , Agriculture -- Finance Cooperative societies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23142 , vital:30433
- Description: Agriculture has been identified as a strategy for sustainable development in an attempt to improve food security and alleviate poverty around the world. Urban agriculture is the practise of farming and gardening in urban and peri-urban areas. There has been a growing trend to involve innovative methods to urban agriculture due to lack of land in urban areas. Stokvels are informal saving groups popularly used in South Africa. This is one of the strategies families in South Africa use to generate income, as a result of the high rate of unemployment in the country. The income from stokvels is used by members to source food and sustain their families. This study aims to investigate the possibility of using stokvels in urban agriculture for entrepreneurial purposes to improve the level of food security and alleviate unemployment and increase the household income of families in South Africa. This study therefore reviews literature on urban agriculture and identifies its enablers and barriers. Literature on stokvels is also reviewed, the reasons for participation in stokvels are highlighted and the different types of stokvels are also identified. The literature that was reviewed on urban agriculture and stokvels informed the questionnaire of the study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample of 152 stokvel members in the Nelson Mandela Bay Area. The results from the questionnaire were then analysed using univariate analysis and descriptive statistics. Multivariate analysis and inferential statistics were also used for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that stokvel members know agriculture activities although they do not use their stokvel funds to participate in urban agriculture. The study found that stokvel members participate in stokvels as means to generate income for their households. It was also found that there is interest among stokvel members to use their stokvel funds in urban agriculture. A conceptual model of urban agriculture for stokvel members was developed from the study which enabled the possibility for future detailed research in testing the model.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Sonti, Yolisa Wendy
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Urban agriculture -- Economic aspects , Agriculture -- Finance Cooperative societies
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23142 , vital:30433
- Description: Agriculture has been identified as a strategy for sustainable development in an attempt to improve food security and alleviate poverty around the world. Urban agriculture is the practise of farming and gardening in urban and peri-urban areas. There has been a growing trend to involve innovative methods to urban agriculture due to lack of land in urban areas. Stokvels are informal saving groups popularly used in South Africa. This is one of the strategies families in South Africa use to generate income, as a result of the high rate of unemployment in the country. The income from stokvels is used by members to source food and sustain their families. This study aims to investigate the possibility of using stokvels in urban agriculture for entrepreneurial purposes to improve the level of food security and alleviate unemployment and increase the household income of families in South Africa. This study therefore reviews literature on urban agriculture and identifies its enablers and barriers. Literature on stokvels is also reviewed, the reasons for participation in stokvels are highlighted and the different types of stokvels are also identified. The literature that was reviewed on urban agriculture and stokvels informed the questionnaire of the study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a representative sample of 152 stokvel members in the Nelson Mandela Bay Area. The results from the questionnaire were then analysed using univariate analysis and descriptive statistics. Multivariate analysis and inferential statistics were also used for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that stokvel members know agriculture activities although they do not use their stokvel funds to participate in urban agriculture. The study found that stokvel members participate in stokvels as means to generate income for their households. It was also found that there is interest among stokvel members to use their stokvel funds in urban agriculture. A conceptual model of urban agriculture for stokvel members was developed from the study which enabled the possibility for future detailed research in testing the model.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Urban agriculture in Nelson Mandela Bay: a case study
- Authors: Philander, Bronwyn
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Urban agriculture -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/34318 , vital:33301
- Description: Urban agriculture has gained importance due to the rise of both urban poverty and unemployment. In countries such as Malaysia, urban agriculture addresses food security by providing urban dwellers with access to nutritious, safe and cost-effective food. The rising food prices and unemployment in South Africa have put food security of the urban poor in a precarious position and whilst the benefits of urban agriculture have been researched, the main problem identified was that residents in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB) were not practising urban agriculture. Thus, this study aims to identify the enablers and barriers of urban agriculture in NMB. The positivism paradigm was adopted for this study. The study was an exploratory study and used Holland Park as a case study. Holland Park is situated in the centre of the city of Port Elizabeth, also known as NMB and is surrounded by Mercantile Hospital, Aspen Pharmaceutical Company, Mondelez International (previously Cadbury) and Morewag Primary School. It falls within ward seven namely the Greenacres/North End cluster of the Nelson Mandela Bay geographical area. This area consists of approximately 1189 residents and most women are housewives. This area was chosen due to the high rate of unemployment amongst women. A sample of 300 was drawn from residents in Holland Park. The selection of the respondents was based on convenience sampling. A cross sectional study was conducted and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The measuring instrument used an existing questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument were confirmed using construct validity and internal reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was undertaken and six factors were extracted, namely attitude, food availability, lifestyle, awareness, perceptions and knowledge. These factors were thus identified as the enablers and barriers of urban agriculture. Data collected were subject to several statistical analyses – these included both descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson’s product moment correlations were conducted and findings revealed that all factors except food availability are significantly and positively correlated to the dependent variable, urban agriculture. In addition, food availability showed a negative correlation and a high positive correlation was reported between urban agriculture and knowledge. Hereafter, multiple regression analysis was performed, to identify the strength of the effect that the independent variables, namely attitude, food availability, awareness, lifestyle, perceptions and knowledge have on the dependent variable, urban agriculture. This allowed the researcher to make conclusions as to whether the independent variables are enablers or barriers, depending on the strength of effect. Thus, the enablers identified for this study were attitude, lifestyle and perceptions. These factors were all positive and significantly related to urban agriculture. Food availability was negatively related to urban agriculture, indicating that the more residents had food available, the less they would practise or participate in urban agriculture. Thus, food availability was found to be a barrier to practising urban agriculture in NMB. Finally, awareness and knowledge (under multiple regression analysis) appeared to have not been significantly related to urban agriculture – as such it was insignificant and could not be regarded an enabler nor a barrier. In order to establish whether relationships existed between the demographic factors (age, gender, qualification, employment status and being a breadwinner) and the independent variables (attitude, food availability, lifestyle, awareness, knowledge and perceptions) investigated in this study, an analysis of variance was undertaken. The results indicated that gender, employment status and being a breadwinner were not related to any of the factors. However, qualification had a significant relationship with attitude (p<0.000), awareness (p<0.004), knowledge (p<0.040) and perceptions (p<0.000), indicating that residents who had a post-matric qualification indicated a positive attitude towards urban agriculture and were more aware of the benefits of urban agriculture towards one’s health and the environment. Findings also revealed that having a post-matric qualification influenced residents’ knowledge with regard to growing food in a sustainable manner, such as using recyclable materials (as holding containers) when practising urban agriculture. In addition, having a post-matric qualification influenced residents’ perceptions regarding urban agriculture, these related to teaching children the importance of gardening (amongst others). In conclusion, findings indicated that residents had an interest in urban agriculture and had some knowledge with regard to growing their own fruit and vegetables.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Philander, Bronwyn
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Urban agriculture -- South Africa -- Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality , Agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/34318 , vital:33301
- Description: Urban agriculture has gained importance due to the rise of both urban poverty and unemployment. In countries such as Malaysia, urban agriculture addresses food security by providing urban dwellers with access to nutritious, safe and cost-effective food. The rising food prices and unemployment in South Africa have put food security of the urban poor in a precarious position and whilst the benefits of urban agriculture have been researched, the main problem identified was that residents in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB) were not practising urban agriculture. Thus, this study aims to identify the enablers and barriers of urban agriculture in NMB. The positivism paradigm was adopted for this study. The study was an exploratory study and used Holland Park as a case study. Holland Park is situated in the centre of the city of Port Elizabeth, also known as NMB and is surrounded by Mercantile Hospital, Aspen Pharmaceutical Company, Mondelez International (previously Cadbury) and Morewag Primary School. It falls within ward seven namely the Greenacres/North End cluster of the Nelson Mandela Bay geographical area. This area consists of approximately 1189 residents and most women are housewives. This area was chosen due to the high rate of unemployment amongst women. A sample of 300 was drawn from residents in Holland Park. The selection of the respondents was based on convenience sampling. A cross sectional study was conducted and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The measuring instrument used an existing questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument were confirmed using construct validity and internal reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was undertaken and six factors were extracted, namely attitude, food availability, lifestyle, awareness, perceptions and knowledge. These factors were thus identified as the enablers and barriers of urban agriculture. Data collected were subject to several statistical analyses – these included both descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson’s product moment correlations were conducted and findings revealed that all factors except food availability are significantly and positively correlated to the dependent variable, urban agriculture. In addition, food availability showed a negative correlation and a high positive correlation was reported between urban agriculture and knowledge. Hereafter, multiple regression analysis was performed, to identify the strength of the effect that the independent variables, namely attitude, food availability, awareness, lifestyle, perceptions and knowledge have on the dependent variable, urban agriculture. This allowed the researcher to make conclusions as to whether the independent variables are enablers or barriers, depending on the strength of effect. Thus, the enablers identified for this study were attitude, lifestyle and perceptions. These factors were all positive and significantly related to urban agriculture. Food availability was negatively related to urban agriculture, indicating that the more residents had food available, the less they would practise or participate in urban agriculture. Thus, food availability was found to be a barrier to practising urban agriculture in NMB. Finally, awareness and knowledge (under multiple regression analysis) appeared to have not been significantly related to urban agriculture – as such it was insignificant and could not be regarded an enabler nor a barrier. In order to establish whether relationships existed between the demographic factors (age, gender, qualification, employment status and being a breadwinner) and the independent variables (attitude, food availability, lifestyle, awareness, knowledge and perceptions) investigated in this study, an analysis of variance was undertaken. The results indicated that gender, employment status and being a breadwinner were not related to any of the factors. However, qualification had a significant relationship with attitude (p<0.000), awareness (p<0.004), knowledge (p<0.040) and perceptions (p<0.000), indicating that residents who had a post-matric qualification indicated a positive attitude towards urban agriculture and were more aware of the benefits of urban agriculture towards one’s health and the environment. Findings also revealed that having a post-matric qualification influenced residents’ knowledge with regard to growing food in a sustainable manner, such as using recyclable materials (as holding containers) when practising urban agriculture. In addition, having a post-matric qualification influenced residents’ perceptions regarding urban agriculture, these related to teaching children the importance of gardening (amongst others). In conclusion, findings indicated that residents had an interest in urban agriculture and had some knowledge with regard to growing their own fruit and vegetables.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Urban street names: An opportunity to examine biocultural relationships?
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182285 , vital:43817 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200891"
- Description: With increasing urbanisation there is concern regarding loss of experience and knowledge of biodiversity amongst urban populations. Yet biodiversity representations are retained in many art and functional forms, including names of places, buildings, institutions and streets. These manifestations offer a window to examine the relationship between humans and their experienced or imagined environment using a biocultural lens. I quantified the current prevalence of urban streets named after animals or plant species, the diversity of species represented, whether they are native or non-native, whether representative of the biome in which the town was situated and the change in prevalence through time. The street names of 48 towns in a one degree wide south-north belt across seven of South African’s biomes were captured and analysed. Of the 4,359 street names, 11.1% were named after plants (218 species) and 5.3% after animals (131 species), although some towns had none and others more than 40%. Approximately half of the plants were native to South Africa, whereas over 80% of the animals were. There was no correspondence between the species composition reflected in street names and the biome in which towns were located. The proportion of streets named after plants or animals has generally increased over the last two hundred years. These results provide insights into the bioculturally defined plants and animals that are valued by past and present urban communities, showing that they are generally from a wider array than can be found or experienced in the local setting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182285 , vital:43817 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200891"
- Description: With increasing urbanisation there is concern regarding loss of experience and knowledge of biodiversity amongst urban populations. Yet biodiversity representations are retained in many art and functional forms, including names of places, buildings, institutions and streets. These manifestations offer a window to examine the relationship between humans and their experienced or imagined environment using a biocultural lens. I quantified the current prevalence of urban streets named after animals or plant species, the diversity of species represented, whether they are native or non-native, whether representative of the biome in which the town was situated and the change in prevalence through time. The street names of 48 towns in a one degree wide south-north belt across seven of South African’s biomes were captured and analysed. Of the 4,359 street names, 11.1% were named after plants (218 species) and 5.3% after animals (131 species), although some towns had none and others more than 40%. Approximately half of the plants were native to South Africa, whereas over 80% of the animals were. There was no correspondence between the species composition reflected in street names and the biome in which towns were located. The proportion of streets named after plants or animals has generally increased over the last two hundred years. These results provide insights into the bioculturally defined plants and animals that are valued by past and present urban communities, showing that they are generally from a wider array than can be found or experienced in the local setting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018