Exploring the political economy of the broadcast and distribution of the Mzansi Super League in South Africa
- Authors: Pettitt, Stephen John
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Cricket Political aspects South Africa , Discrimination in sports South Africa , South Africa Social conditions , South Africa Economic conditions , Broadcasting South Africa , Cricket South Africa (Organization) , Television broadcasting of sports , Free-to-air broadcasting (FTA) South Africa , Mzansi Super League
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192308 , vital:45215
- Description: This thesis is a critical political economy analysis of the role played by the broadcast and distribution of the Mzansi Super League (MSL), a T20 cricket tournament in South Africa, in the transformation project of Cricket South Africa (CSA). The case study methodology is based on the four-leaf clover framework developed by Ruth Teer-Tomaselli. Cricket in South Africa is often viewed as a white and middle-class dominated sport, and CSA has been mandated to redress the historical racially segregated sport through a transformation agenda that focuses on changing the demographics of cricket. This paper investigates how the broadcast of a cricket tournament like the MSL on a Public Service Broadcaster (PSB) can have a positive effect on transformation due to the increased access and wider distribution. The broadcast regulations acknowledge this, as is seen in the introduction of ICASA draft regulations seeking to make more sport available on PSBs. The South African sports broadcast landscape is dominated by MultiChoice’s SuperSport, which has acquired a monopoly on sports broadcasting. The South African Broadcast Corporation (SABC) cannot compete, given its financial difficulties. A fall-out between CSA and SuperSport meant the SABC broadcast the MSL tournament, which lost CSA revenue but gained it a bigger audience. This thesis uses lived experiences and examples to illustrate that despite a financial loss, the wider media distribution of cricket will have positive effects on transformation that could counter the financial loss, especially if CSA creates new streams of income so that it relies less on broadcast revenue. In the current climate, however, compounded by internal financial and management issues, CSA cannot afford to forego the revenue from a private broadcaster and thus has no choice but to pursue a deal with a private broadcaster and lose out on the potential benefits of a wider audience. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Journalism and Media Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Pettitt, Stephen John
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Cricket Political aspects South Africa , Discrimination in sports South Africa , South Africa Social conditions , South Africa Economic conditions , Broadcasting South Africa , Cricket South Africa (Organization) , Television broadcasting of sports , Free-to-air broadcasting (FTA) South Africa , Mzansi Super League
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192308 , vital:45215
- Description: This thesis is a critical political economy analysis of the role played by the broadcast and distribution of the Mzansi Super League (MSL), a T20 cricket tournament in South Africa, in the transformation project of Cricket South Africa (CSA). The case study methodology is based on the four-leaf clover framework developed by Ruth Teer-Tomaselli. Cricket in South Africa is often viewed as a white and middle-class dominated sport, and CSA has been mandated to redress the historical racially segregated sport through a transformation agenda that focuses on changing the demographics of cricket. This paper investigates how the broadcast of a cricket tournament like the MSL on a Public Service Broadcaster (PSB) can have a positive effect on transformation due to the increased access and wider distribution. The broadcast regulations acknowledge this, as is seen in the introduction of ICASA draft regulations seeking to make more sport available on PSBs. The South African sports broadcast landscape is dominated by MultiChoice’s SuperSport, which has acquired a monopoly on sports broadcasting. The South African Broadcast Corporation (SABC) cannot compete, given its financial difficulties. A fall-out between CSA and SuperSport meant the SABC broadcast the MSL tournament, which lost CSA revenue but gained it a bigger audience. This thesis uses lived experiences and examples to illustrate that despite a financial loss, the wider media distribution of cricket will have positive effects on transformation that could counter the financial loss, especially if CSA creates new streams of income so that it relies less on broadcast revenue. In the current climate, however, compounded by internal financial and management issues, CSA cannot afford to forego the revenue from a private broadcaster and thus has no choice but to pursue a deal with a private broadcaster and lose out on the potential benefits of a wider audience. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Journalism and Media Studies, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
The well-being implications of Urban Natures among Black Urban Dwellers in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Walsh, Lindsey Sara
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Apartheid South Africa Eastern Cape , Decolonization South Africa Eastern Cape , Urban Black people South Africa Eastern Cape , Quality of life South Africa Eastern Cape , Well-being South Africa Eastern Cape , Rural-urban migration South Africa Eastern Cape , Urban ecology (Sociology) South Africa Eastern Cape , Land use, Urban South Africa Eastern Cape , City and town life South Africa Eastern Cape , Sociology, Urban South Africa Eastern Cape , Nature Social aspects South Africa Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192966 , vital:45285
- Description: Throughout the world, urbanisation is at an all-time high. It is estimated that two-thirds of the global population will be living in urban centres by 2030. The highest urban growth rates are currently found in sub -Saharan Africa, however, approximately 70% of urban residents in Sub-Saharan Africa reside in informal settlements. Such processes have resulted in reduced areas of natural space and biodiversity. While the benefits of exposure to and experiences of nature to human well-being and quality of life are increasingly being acknowledged, these links are largely understood through a western lens, where nature and culture are dichotomised. The implications of this are that the types of nature(s) that are made available in urban areas are designed to provide opportunities for urban residents to only engage in recreational and relaxation activities within such places. However, among indigenous and non-westernised communities, culture is a dynamic and holistic entity, deeply rooted in the constructions of nature. Very few studies from the global south have entered this dialogue. In response, this study, conducted amongst Xhosa speaking urban residents living in two medium-sized towns, was undertaken to explore the connections and meanings they attributed to nature(s) and how their engagement in such places contributed to their sense of well-being. This study found that strong connections and meanings to nature still exist. Many of these relate to personal experiences which are given meaning through local understandings and associations which are deeply embedded within cultural practices and rituals. Engagement and or memories of such are strongly associated with a sense of well-being often only experienced in rural areas. In such contexts, well-being is also understood as a holistic concept that is underpinned by these nature-culture connections. Within an urban context, the benefits of such connections are hindered by the types of nature(s) found in these areas as well as high levels of crime and the poor management of such places. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Walsh, Lindsey Sara
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Apartheid South Africa Eastern Cape , Decolonization South Africa Eastern Cape , Urban Black people South Africa Eastern Cape , Quality of life South Africa Eastern Cape , Well-being South Africa Eastern Cape , Rural-urban migration South Africa Eastern Cape , Urban ecology (Sociology) South Africa Eastern Cape , Land use, Urban South Africa Eastern Cape , City and town life South Africa Eastern Cape , Sociology, Urban South Africa Eastern Cape , Nature Social aspects South Africa Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192966 , vital:45285
- Description: Throughout the world, urbanisation is at an all-time high. It is estimated that two-thirds of the global population will be living in urban centres by 2030. The highest urban growth rates are currently found in sub -Saharan Africa, however, approximately 70% of urban residents in Sub-Saharan Africa reside in informal settlements. Such processes have resulted in reduced areas of natural space and biodiversity. While the benefits of exposure to and experiences of nature to human well-being and quality of life are increasingly being acknowledged, these links are largely understood through a western lens, where nature and culture are dichotomised. The implications of this are that the types of nature(s) that are made available in urban areas are designed to provide opportunities for urban residents to only engage in recreational and relaxation activities within such places. However, among indigenous and non-westernised communities, culture is a dynamic and holistic entity, deeply rooted in the constructions of nature. Very few studies from the global south have entered this dialogue. In response, this study, conducted amongst Xhosa speaking urban residents living in two medium-sized towns, was undertaken to explore the connections and meanings they attributed to nature(s) and how their engagement in such places contributed to their sense of well-being. This study found that strong connections and meanings to nature still exist. Many of these relate to personal experiences which are given meaning through local understandings and associations which are deeply embedded within cultural practices and rituals. Engagement and or memories of such are strongly associated with a sense of well-being often only experienced in rural areas. In such contexts, well-being is also understood as a holistic concept that is underpinned by these nature-culture connections. Within an urban context, the benefits of such connections are hindered by the types of nature(s) found in these areas as well as high levels of crime and the poor management of such places. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Anthropology, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
A modelling approach to the analysis of complex survey data
- Authors: Dlangamandla, Olwethu
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Sampling (Statistics) , Linear models (Statistics) , Multilevel models (Statistics) , Logistic regression analysis , Complex survey data
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192955 , vital:45284
- Description: Surveys are an essential tool for collecting data and most surveys use complex sampling designs to collect the data. Complex sampling designs are used mainly to enhance representativeness in the sample by accounting for the underlying structure of the population. This often results in data that are non-independent and clustered. Ignoring complex design features such as clustering, stratification, multistage and unequal probability sampling may result in inaccurate and incorrect inference. An overview of, and difference between, design-based and model-based approaches to inference for complex survey data has been discussed. This study adopts a model-based approach. The objective of this study is to discuss and describe the modelling approach in analysing complex survey data. This is specifically done by introducing the principle inference methods under which data from complex surveys may be analysed. In particular, discussions on the theory and methods of model fitting for the analysis of complex survey data are presented. We begin by discussing unique features of complex survey data and explore appropriate methods of analysis that account for the complexity inherent in the survey data. We also explore the widely applied logistic regression modelling of binary data in a complex sample survey context. In particular, four forms of logistic regression models are fitted. These models are generalized linear models, multilevel models, mixed effects models and generalized linear mixed models. Simulated complex survey data are used to illustrate the methods and models. Various R packages are used for the analysis. The results presented and discussed in this thesis indicate that a logistic mixed model with first and second level predictors has a better fit compared to a logistic mixed model with first level predictors. In addition, a logistic multilevel model with first and second level predictors and nested random effects provides a better fit to the data compared to other logistic multilevel fitted models. Similar results were obtained from fitting a generalized logistic mixed model with first and second level predictor variables and a generalized linear mixed model with first and second level predictors and nested random effects. , Thesis (MSC) -- Faculty of Science, Statistics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
- Authors: Dlangamandla, Olwethu
- Date: 2021-10-29
- Subjects: Sampling (Statistics) , Linear models (Statistics) , Multilevel models (Statistics) , Logistic regression analysis , Complex survey data
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/192955 , vital:45284
- Description: Surveys are an essential tool for collecting data and most surveys use complex sampling designs to collect the data. Complex sampling designs are used mainly to enhance representativeness in the sample by accounting for the underlying structure of the population. This often results in data that are non-independent and clustered. Ignoring complex design features such as clustering, stratification, multistage and unequal probability sampling may result in inaccurate and incorrect inference. An overview of, and difference between, design-based and model-based approaches to inference for complex survey data has been discussed. This study adopts a model-based approach. The objective of this study is to discuss and describe the modelling approach in analysing complex survey data. This is specifically done by introducing the principle inference methods under which data from complex surveys may be analysed. In particular, discussions on the theory and methods of model fitting for the analysis of complex survey data are presented. We begin by discussing unique features of complex survey data and explore appropriate methods of analysis that account for the complexity inherent in the survey data. We also explore the widely applied logistic regression modelling of binary data in a complex sample survey context. In particular, four forms of logistic regression models are fitted. These models are generalized linear models, multilevel models, mixed effects models and generalized linear mixed models. Simulated complex survey data are used to illustrate the methods and models. Various R packages are used for the analysis. The results presented and discussed in this thesis indicate that a logistic mixed model with first and second level predictors has a better fit compared to a logistic mixed model with first level predictors. In addition, a logistic multilevel model with first and second level predictors and nested random effects provides a better fit to the data compared to other logistic multilevel fitted models. Similar results were obtained from fitting a generalized logistic mixed model with first and second level predictor variables and a generalized linear mixed model with first and second level predictors and nested random effects. , Thesis (MSC) -- Faculty of Science, Statistics, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-10-29
The representation of women in Njabulo Ndebele’s The Cry of Winnie Mandela and Lauretta Ngcobo’s And They Didn’t Die: an African Feminist Perspective
- Authors: Mavuma, Nonkululo Liyasakha
- Date: 2021-03
- Subjects: Feminism , Literature--Women authors
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22379 , vital:52033
- Description: This study seeks to interrogate the presentation of women in selected South African texts written by a male and female South African author, whose central thematic thrust is the role of women in their day-to-day struggles during the apartheid era. An in-depth analysis of the texts enables this dissertation to provide a comparative study of the representation of women in both texts. The study also examines the kinds of fictional representations that are found in the texts and their significance in the emancipation journey of women from the supremacy of apartheid and customary laws. This study is informed by African feminism, focusing on the stance of Obioma Nnaemeka and Molara Ogundipe-Leslie. African feminism is chosen as a framework for exploring the texts because it is a theory shaped by the resistance of African women against Western rule. The theory embraces debates about motherhood and the contestation about the roles of motherhood in a society. The theory ponders how motherhood is a source of empowerment, liberation and achievement in African societies. The theory affirms that women should equip themselves for effective resistance and participation in societal transformation. These two theorists are relevant because they are both committed to a critical investigation that seeks to differentiate present social conditions and their historical development. Their research examines the conceptualization of frameworks aimed at a social and cultural change grounded on the local and everyday experiences of women. The first chapter provides a broad overview of the study. This chapter highlights the significance of the study in terms of what it can contribute to scholarship on the representation of women in South African texts that reflect on the apartheid era, by analysing them through the lens of African feminism. The second chapter provides context to the critical reception of both novels, which outlines the focus of the research. This chapter also provides the theoretical framework, which provides an overview of the relevant theory on African Feminism that informs the study and highlights Nnaemeka and Ogundipe-Leslie’s concepts of ‘Nego-Feminism’ and ‘Stiwanism’. The third chapter focuses on analysing the portrayal of women in the texts, examining their interactions with one another, with men, and the subjugation they endure because of living in a patriarchal society. The fourth chapter provides a comparative study of the texts. Finally, the last chapter provides a conclusion, analysing the research findings. The study thus brings to the fore the similarities and differences in the representation of women in South African texts that were written in different decades by a male and female writer, that are nevertheless highlighting the same issues. Secondly, in exploring how women in the texts challenge the status quo, this research will hopefully expose how women are not constantly compliant and embracing marginalization as some texts present them but can be seen as having emancipative agency. The study, in particular, provides an analysis of the representation of women in the two novels, specifically, intending to compare and contrast the modalities of their representation in these works. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-03
- Authors: Mavuma, Nonkululo Liyasakha
- Date: 2021-03
- Subjects: Feminism , Literature--Women authors
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22379 , vital:52033
- Description: This study seeks to interrogate the presentation of women in selected South African texts written by a male and female South African author, whose central thematic thrust is the role of women in their day-to-day struggles during the apartheid era. An in-depth analysis of the texts enables this dissertation to provide a comparative study of the representation of women in both texts. The study also examines the kinds of fictional representations that are found in the texts and their significance in the emancipation journey of women from the supremacy of apartheid and customary laws. This study is informed by African feminism, focusing on the stance of Obioma Nnaemeka and Molara Ogundipe-Leslie. African feminism is chosen as a framework for exploring the texts because it is a theory shaped by the resistance of African women against Western rule. The theory embraces debates about motherhood and the contestation about the roles of motherhood in a society. The theory ponders how motherhood is a source of empowerment, liberation and achievement in African societies. The theory affirms that women should equip themselves for effective resistance and participation in societal transformation. These two theorists are relevant because they are both committed to a critical investigation that seeks to differentiate present social conditions and their historical development. Their research examines the conceptualization of frameworks aimed at a social and cultural change grounded on the local and everyday experiences of women. The first chapter provides a broad overview of the study. This chapter highlights the significance of the study in terms of what it can contribute to scholarship on the representation of women in South African texts that reflect on the apartheid era, by analysing them through the lens of African feminism. The second chapter provides context to the critical reception of both novels, which outlines the focus of the research. This chapter also provides the theoretical framework, which provides an overview of the relevant theory on African Feminism that informs the study and highlights Nnaemeka and Ogundipe-Leslie’s concepts of ‘Nego-Feminism’ and ‘Stiwanism’. The third chapter focuses on analysing the portrayal of women in the texts, examining their interactions with one another, with men, and the subjugation they endure because of living in a patriarchal society. The fourth chapter provides a comparative study of the texts. Finally, the last chapter provides a conclusion, analysing the research findings. The study thus brings to the fore the similarities and differences in the representation of women in South African texts that were written in different decades by a male and female writer, that are nevertheless highlighting the same issues. Secondly, in exploring how women in the texts challenge the status quo, this research will hopefully expose how women are not constantly compliant and embracing marginalization as some texts present them but can be seen as having emancipative agency. The study, in particular, provides an analysis of the representation of women in the two novels, specifically, intending to compare and contrast the modalities of their representation in these works. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-03
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