An exploration of the school nutrition programme's potential to catalyse community-based environmental learning : a case study of a rural Eastern Cape school
- Authors: Tshabeni, Veliswa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: National School Nutrition Programme (South Africa) , School children -- Food -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Children -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social learning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2063 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020306
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which a School Nutrition Programme can catalyse community-based environmental learning and promote food security in the school and the community. This is an interpretive case study of a junior secondary school in the rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The school is located in an area characterised by high levels of poverty and under-nutrition. The school’s food garden, a central focus of this study, contributes to the School Nutrition Programme, which falls under the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP). The aim of the NSNP is to alleviate poverty in public schools. This case study was conducted by means of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis and field observations. The data set was analysed, firstly, to ascertain if the School Nutrition Programme functions as a community of practise (Wenger, 1998). Thereafter, the data set was analysed to identify the knowledge related to food security and environmental sustainability that is learned and shared in the School Nutrition Programme, and also how such learning took place. The study found that the School’s Nutrition Programme was indeed operating as a community of practice and that it created a platform for sharing explicit and tacit knowledge and skills related to food security and environmental sustainability. The case study also revealed the contextual and experience-based nature of knowledge related to food cultivation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Tshabeni, Veliswa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: National School Nutrition Programme (South Africa) , School children -- Food -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Children -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Environmental education -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social learning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Food security -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:2063 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020306
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which a School Nutrition Programme can catalyse community-based environmental learning and promote food security in the school and the community. This is an interpretive case study of a junior secondary school in the rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The school is located in an area characterised by high levels of poverty and under-nutrition. The school’s food garden, a central focus of this study, contributes to the School Nutrition Programme, which falls under the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP). The aim of the NSNP is to alleviate poverty in public schools. This case study was conducted by means of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis and field observations. The data set was analysed, firstly, to ascertain if the School Nutrition Programme functions as a community of practise (Wenger, 1998). Thereafter, the data set was analysed to identify the knowledge related to food security and environmental sustainability that is learned and shared in the School Nutrition Programme, and also how such learning took place. The study found that the School’s Nutrition Programme was indeed operating as a community of practice and that it created a platform for sharing explicit and tacit knowledge and skills related to food security and environmental sustainability. The case study also revealed the contextual and experience-based nature of knowledge related to food cultivation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A discussion and comparison of company legislation and tax legislation in South Africa, in relation to amalgamations and mergers
- Authors: Sloane, Justin
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Corporation law -- South Africa , Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Consolidation and merger of corporations -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa , Capital gains tax -- South Africa , Value-added tax -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:908 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013028
- Description: In his 2012 Budget Review, the Minister of Finance, Pravin Gordhan acknowledged that the introduction of the "new" Companies Act had given rise to certain anomalies in relation to tax and subsequently announced that the South African government would undertake to review the nature of company mergers, acquisitions and other restructurings with the view of possibly amending the Income Tax Act and/or the "new" Companies Act, to bring the two legislations in line with one another. These anomalies give rise to the present research. The literature reviewed in the present research revealed and identified the inconsistencies that exist between the "new" Companies Act, 71 of 2008 and the Income Tax Act, 58 of 1962, specifically the inconsistencies that exist in respect of the newly introduced amalgamation or merger provisions as set out in the "new" Companies Act. Moreover, this research was undertaken to identify the potential tax implications insofar as they relate to amalgamation transactions and, in particular, the potential tax implications where such transactions, because of the anomalies, fall outside the ambit section 44 of the Income Tax Act, which would in normal circumstances provide for tax "rollover relief". In this regard, the present research identified the possible income tax, capital gains tax, value-added tax, transfer duty tax and securities transfer tax affected by an amalgamation transaction, on the assumption that the "rollover relief" in section 44 of the Income Tax Act does not apply.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Sloane, Justin
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Corporation law -- South Africa , Taxation -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Consolidation and merger of corporations -- South Africa , Income tax -- South Africa , Capital gains tax -- South Africa , Value-added tax -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: vital:908 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013028
- Description: In his 2012 Budget Review, the Minister of Finance, Pravin Gordhan acknowledged that the introduction of the "new" Companies Act had given rise to certain anomalies in relation to tax and subsequently announced that the South African government would undertake to review the nature of company mergers, acquisitions and other restructurings with the view of possibly amending the Income Tax Act and/or the "new" Companies Act, to bring the two legislations in line with one another. These anomalies give rise to the present research. The literature reviewed in the present research revealed and identified the inconsistencies that exist between the "new" Companies Act, 71 of 2008 and the Income Tax Act, 58 of 1962, specifically the inconsistencies that exist in respect of the newly introduced amalgamation or merger provisions as set out in the "new" Companies Act. Moreover, this research was undertaken to identify the potential tax implications insofar as they relate to amalgamation transactions and, in particular, the potential tax implications where such transactions, because of the anomalies, fall outside the ambit section 44 of the Income Tax Act, which would in normal circumstances provide for tax "rollover relief". In this regard, the present research identified the possible income tax, capital gains tax, value-added tax, transfer duty tax and securities transfer tax affected by an amalgamation transaction, on the assumption that the "rollover relief" in section 44 of the Income Tax Act does not apply.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
A critical analysis of disaster risk management in local governance with reference to Sarah Baartman District Municipality
- Authors: Oosthuizen, Rene Cheryl
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Disaster relief -- Citizen participation , Risk management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/34487 , vital:33385
- Description: The devastation and destruction caused by natural and man-made disasters have become a global concern, particularly as such disasters affect the most vulnerable in society. The devastation they wreak frequently involves loss of lives and property. Globally, Disaster Management has moved in approach from reactive to proactive. Disaster management is now more than a field of study; it is the application of practices and principles which enable disasters to be managed both prior to and in the aftermath of their occurrence. Disaster risk management is the development approach to Disaster Management. The study addresses the integration of disaster risk management into integrated development planning at the local level in South Africa. The impact of disasters on social and economic development is of special interest. In many instances, resources that have been planned for development have to be diverted for response activities during disasters. Thus, development and disaster risk management are two sides of the same coin and should be dealt with in unison and not separately. There is also now widespread international acknowledgement for the idea of mainstreaming disaster risk management into development planning, particularly at the local level of government. The central argument of this study is that by integrating disaster risk management plans into integrated development plans at the local level, the risks faced by communities can be reduced. Risks can be even further reduced, and development enhanced when communities play an active role in disaster risk management. Within this context, the main objective of the study was to develop a model for integrating disaster risk management plans into integrated development plans at the local level. To achieve this key objective, the study used theoretical and empirical studies. The theoretical aspect focussed on international frameworks and national legislation for Disaster Management. Legislative requirements pertaining to the involvement of communities in integrated development planning were explored, as was the literature on asset-based community development. Empirical research complimented the theoretical research through the use of qualitative methods to collect data. This involved semi-structured interviews with eight government officials involved in provincial, district and municipal Disaster Management programmes, and focus group discussions with sixty ward committee members, so that community viewpoints would be included. The findings of the study reveal that the integration of disaster risk management plans into integrated development plans at the local level can greatly contribute towards reducing the risks faced by communities, especially high-risk communities. The study also revealed that by carefully considering and using community assets, local government could ameliorate the financial effects of Disaster Management and empower communities as first responders. The thesis gives an outline of a model that may be used by local government to integrate risks and community assets into an integrated development plan.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Oosthuizen, Rene Cheryl
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Disaster relief -- Citizen participation , Risk management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Citizen participation Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/34487 , vital:33385
- Description: The devastation and destruction caused by natural and man-made disasters have become a global concern, particularly as such disasters affect the most vulnerable in society. The devastation they wreak frequently involves loss of lives and property. Globally, Disaster Management has moved in approach from reactive to proactive. Disaster management is now more than a field of study; it is the application of practices and principles which enable disasters to be managed both prior to and in the aftermath of their occurrence. Disaster risk management is the development approach to Disaster Management. The study addresses the integration of disaster risk management into integrated development planning at the local level in South Africa. The impact of disasters on social and economic development is of special interest. In many instances, resources that have been planned for development have to be diverted for response activities during disasters. Thus, development and disaster risk management are two sides of the same coin and should be dealt with in unison and not separately. There is also now widespread international acknowledgement for the idea of mainstreaming disaster risk management into development planning, particularly at the local level of government. The central argument of this study is that by integrating disaster risk management plans into integrated development plans at the local level, the risks faced by communities can be reduced. Risks can be even further reduced, and development enhanced when communities play an active role in disaster risk management. Within this context, the main objective of the study was to develop a model for integrating disaster risk management plans into integrated development plans at the local level. To achieve this key objective, the study used theoretical and empirical studies. The theoretical aspect focussed on international frameworks and national legislation for Disaster Management. Legislative requirements pertaining to the involvement of communities in integrated development planning were explored, as was the literature on asset-based community development. Empirical research complimented the theoretical research through the use of qualitative methods to collect data. This involved semi-structured interviews with eight government officials involved in provincial, district and municipal Disaster Management programmes, and focus group discussions with sixty ward committee members, so that community viewpoints would be included. The findings of the study reveal that the integration of disaster risk management plans into integrated development plans at the local level can greatly contribute towards reducing the risks faced by communities, especially high-risk communities. The study also revealed that by carefully considering and using community assets, local government could ameliorate the financial effects of Disaster Management and empower communities as first responders. The thesis gives an outline of a model that may be used by local government to integrate risks and community assets into an integrated development plan.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A study of perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among decision makers in northern Namibia
- Tshikesho, Desiderius Raimund
- Authors: Tshikesho, Desiderius Raimund
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Desertification Desertification -- Namibia Desertification -- Economic aspects -- Namibia Environmental education -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1779 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003664
- Description: This study was aimed at investigating the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among decision makers in northern Namibia. The focus of investigation was on desertification and its major causes as identified in the general literature, viz. deforestation, overgrazing and overcultivation. Particular attention was given to the socioeconomic and cultural factors which are behind these perceived 'ecological' causes of desertification. Furthermore, the respondents were also engaged in the generation of solutions to the problem of desertification and its causes. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews with the regional governors, councillors and chief headmen from the four northern regions. A qualitative approach was adopted for the research and findings are essentially descriptive and qualitative. It is anticipated that the study will make an important contribution to the current debate on desertification in Namibia, specifically with regard to the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among the decision makers in northern Namibia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Tshikesho, Desiderius Raimund
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Desertification Desertification -- Namibia Desertification -- Economic aspects -- Namibia Environmental education -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1779 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003664
- Description: This study was aimed at investigating the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among decision makers in northern Namibia. The focus of investigation was on desertification and its major causes as identified in the general literature, viz. deforestation, overgrazing and overcultivation. Particular attention was given to the socioeconomic and cultural factors which are behind these perceived 'ecological' causes of desertification. Furthermore, the respondents were also engaged in the generation of solutions to the problem of desertification and its causes. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews with the regional governors, councillors and chief headmen from the four northern regions. A qualitative approach was adopted for the research and findings are essentially descriptive and qualitative. It is anticipated that the study will make an important contribution to the current debate on desertification in Namibia, specifically with regard to the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among the decision makers in northern Namibia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Vocational curriculum report 191(NATED) as a curriculum: a case study of three Eastern Cape TVET Colleges
- Authors: Sixabayi, Siyabonga Prince
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Vocational education -- Curricula -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Curriculum planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5126 , vital:29089
- Description: This study aimed to investigate if there are any possible gaps in the offering Vocational Curriculum Report 191, in terms of knowledge, skills and link to the world of work. This study was a case study of three Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges that offer Vocational Curriculum Report 191, and it was geographically limited to the province of the Eastern Cape. The five main findings from this study were that firstly, the curriculum offers theory without practice. Secondly, there is a mismatch between what is offered as curriculum at Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges and what the labour market wants. Thirdly, lecturers do not have the practical exposure that relates to their fields of study. Fourthly, Vocational Curriculum Report 191 does not promote self-employment of its students and lastly, the curriculum is outdated and does not comply with the criteria of current employment opportunities. The study recommends that the curriculum be reviewed and revised. Technical and Vocational Education and Training colleges need to have in site practice facilities to cater for the practical application of theoretical knowledge of students. Partnerships between Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges, the labour market and Sector Education and Training Authorities are strongly recommended in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Sixabayi, Siyabonga Prince
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Vocational education -- Curricula -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Curriculum planning -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5126 , vital:29089
- Description: This study aimed to investigate if there are any possible gaps in the offering Vocational Curriculum Report 191, in terms of knowledge, skills and link to the world of work. This study was a case study of three Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges that offer Vocational Curriculum Report 191, and it was geographically limited to the province of the Eastern Cape. The five main findings from this study were that firstly, the curriculum offers theory without practice. Secondly, there is a mismatch between what is offered as curriculum at Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges and what the labour market wants. Thirdly, lecturers do not have the practical exposure that relates to their fields of study. Fourthly, Vocational Curriculum Report 191 does not promote self-employment of its students and lastly, the curriculum is outdated and does not comply with the criteria of current employment opportunities. The study recommends that the curriculum be reviewed and revised. Technical and Vocational Education and Training colleges need to have in site practice facilities to cater for the practical application of theoretical knowledge of students. Partnerships between Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges, the labour market and Sector Education and Training Authorities are strongly recommended in this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An examination of the use of the contextual question in examining Shakespeare's plays at the standard ten level in Cape Education Department schools
- Authors: Mullineux, Peter Newton
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Study and teaching , English literature -- Examinations, questions, etc. , English literature -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001412
- Description: Six years as a sub-examiner of both literature and written work made me aware of a personal dissatisfaction with the system of examining. This research examines in detail the use of the contextual question in examining Shakespeare's plays. The main concern has been to try to deduce what constitutes a good set of contextual questions. This area appears to have attracted little detailed research. However, there is much general writing on the teaching of literature. There is no major conclusion in the dissertation but rather a series of conclusions related to the concept of the contextual question. These are summarised towards the end of chapter three. Some general recommendations appear at the end of chapter three as a sub-heading. The findings of this investigation indicate a need for further research into the system of examining literature in the Cape. It is hoped that teachers and examiners reading this dissertation will be able to use the findings to provide a possible framework for the setting of sound contextual questions
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: Mullineux, Peter Newton
- Date: 1989
- Subjects: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Study and teaching , English literature -- Examinations, questions, etc. , English literature -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1346 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001412
- Description: Six years as a sub-examiner of both literature and written work made me aware of a personal dissatisfaction with the system of examining. This research examines in detail the use of the contextual question in examining Shakespeare's plays. The main concern has been to try to deduce what constitutes a good set of contextual questions. This area appears to have attracted little detailed research. However, there is much general writing on the teaching of literature. There is no major conclusion in the dissertation but rather a series of conclusions related to the concept of the contextual question. These are summarised towards the end of chapter three. Some general recommendations appear at the end of chapter three as a sub-heading. The findings of this investigation indicate a need for further research into the system of examining literature in the Cape. It is hoped that teachers and examiners reading this dissertation will be able to use the findings to provide a possible framework for the setting of sound contextual questions
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
Risky sexual behaviour in child headed families: A case study of Qora village, Idutywa, Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Ntutumbo, Nyameka
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Teenagers -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Orphans -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Risk-taking (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5213 , vital:29113
- Description: The study considered the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour in child headed families that usually affects the adolescents in South Africa. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour in child headed families, determining the causal factors of sexual promiscuous behaviour and effects of promiscuity. The area of investigation was Qora Village which is in a small town called Idutywa, Eastern Cape. This is an area that is characterised by poverty, illiteracy and unemployment. The sample was comprised of 50 participants and the study was conducted in two phases using mixed methods approach. Social exchange theory underpinned the study. Findings highlighted that these child headed adolescents had a role of caregivers and due to poverty they practiced risky sexual behaviour to bridge the economic gap. Furthermore, teenagers living in child headed families were likely to engage in risky sexual behaviour with people who are older than them; others are forced and coerced; while others perceive such act as a better option to bridge the economic gap that existed within their family backgrounds.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Ntutumbo, Nyameka
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Teenagers -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Orphans -- Sexual behavior -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Risk-taking (Psychology)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Degree
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5213 , vital:29113
- Description: The study considered the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour in child headed families that usually affects the adolescents in South Africa. This study aimed at exploring the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour in child headed families, determining the causal factors of sexual promiscuous behaviour and effects of promiscuity. The area of investigation was Qora Village which is in a small town called Idutywa, Eastern Cape. This is an area that is characterised by poverty, illiteracy and unemployment. The sample was comprised of 50 participants and the study was conducted in two phases using mixed methods approach. Social exchange theory underpinned the study. Findings highlighted that these child headed adolescents had a role of caregivers and due to poverty they practiced risky sexual behaviour to bridge the economic gap. Furthermore, teenagers living in child headed families were likely to engage in risky sexual behaviour with people who are older than them; others are forced and coerced; while others perceive such act as a better option to bridge the economic gap that existed within their family backgrounds.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
A study of the E region of the ionosphere
- Authors: Barnard, A J
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Ionosphere -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5549 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013464
- Description: After a brief historical introduction, the apparatus used in the investigation of the ionosphere in Grahamstown, is described with special reference to the recording equipment, which consists essentially of a camera focussed on the screen of a C.R.O. with z-axis deflection. The equations of the magneto-ionic theory are quoted. The basic formulae of the theories of layer formation in an isothermal (Chapman's),and linear temperature gradient (Gledhill and Szendrei) atmosphere are also quoted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1950
- Authors: Barnard, A J
- Date: 1950
- Subjects: Ionosphere -- Research
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5549 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013464
- Description: After a brief historical introduction, the apparatus used in the investigation of the ionosphere in Grahamstown, is described with special reference to the recording equipment, which consists essentially of a camera focussed on the screen of a C.R.O. with z-axis deflection. The equations of the magneto-ionic theory are quoted. The basic formulae of the theories of layer formation in an isothermal (Chapman's),and linear temperature gradient (Gledhill and Szendrei) atmosphere are also quoted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1950
Investigating how Grade 10 Physical Science teachers help learners to make sense of concepts of electromagnetism using easily accessible materials in under-resourced schools
- Authors: Samuel, Paulo
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/8143 , vital:21359
- Description: This study sought to explore teachers’ perceptions and experiences of using easily accessible materials and how they might collaboratively develop learning and teaching support materials using easily accessible materials. The study explored three aspects. Firstly, the views, experiences and factors which influence grade 10 Physical Science teachers’ perceptions and experiences of teaching the topic of electromagnetism. Secondly, to find out what teachers can do to improve teaching and learning of electromagnetism in grade 10 Physical Science using easily accessible materials. Thirdly, to look at what enables or constrains grade 10 Physical Science teachers in under-resourced schools when dealing with electromagnetism, from using easily accessible materials. A qualitative method approach was adopted, underpinned by an interpretive paradigm but using some quantitative methods as well. Within the interpretive paradigm a case study approach was used. The study was carried out in Swakopmund and Gobabis education circuits of the Erongo and Omaheke Regions respectively. Data were collected using questionnaires, lesson observations and stimulated-recall interviews. The data obtained were validated in two ways, firstly, by triangulation from different data gathering techniques, and secondly, validation was done by member checking of the transcripts. To make meaning from the data generated, Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory was used as a lens to analyse the data. The quantitative data generated were presented in figures, tables; whereas the qualitative data were coded inductively into descriptive texts to make meaning. It was found that teachers’s perceptions and experiences are that the topic of electromagnetism is quite challenging. Teachers reported that their learners find it difficult to comprehend phenomena associated with electromagnetism, thus making it difficult for their learners to grasp concepts associated with it. Lack of resources to do practical activities in the topic of electromagnetism was found to be a major contributing factor to teaching and learning of this topic. The use of easily accessible materials among teachers was found to be very limited. Easily accessible locally sourced materials were found to have the potential to enable grade 10 Physical Science teachers to help learners to make sense of concepts of electromagnetism in under-resourced schools. In light of the above findings, the study recommends that science teachers should make use of easily accessible materials which can minimise their dependence on standard laboratory equipment which is unaffordable anyway by most schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Samuel, Paulo
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/8143 , vital:21359
- Description: This study sought to explore teachers’ perceptions and experiences of using easily accessible materials and how they might collaboratively develop learning and teaching support materials using easily accessible materials. The study explored three aspects. Firstly, the views, experiences and factors which influence grade 10 Physical Science teachers’ perceptions and experiences of teaching the topic of electromagnetism. Secondly, to find out what teachers can do to improve teaching and learning of electromagnetism in grade 10 Physical Science using easily accessible materials. Thirdly, to look at what enables or constrains grade 10 Physical Science teachers in under-resourced schools when dealing with electromagnetism, from using easily accessible materials. A qualitative method approach was adopted, underpinned by an interpretive paradigm but using some quantitative methods as well. Within the interpretive paradigm a case study approach was used. The study was carried out in Swakopmund and Gobabis education circuits of the Erongo and Omaheke Regions respectively. Data were collected using questionnaires, lesson observations and stimulated-recall interviews. The data obtained were validated in two ways, firstly, by triangulation from different data gathering techniques, and secondly, validation was done by member checking of the transcripts. To make meaning from the data generated, Vygotsky’s (1978) socio-cultural theory was used as a lens to analyse the data. The quantitative data generated were presented in figures, tables; whereas the qualitative data were coded inductively into descriptive texts to make meaning. It was found that teachers’s perceptions and experiences are that the topic of electromagnetism is quite challenging. Teachers reported that their learners find it difficult to comprehend phenomena associated with electromagnetism, thus making it difficult for their learners to grasp concepts associated with it. Lack of resources to do practical activities in the topic of electromagnetism was found to be a major contributing factor to teaching and learning of this topic. The use of easily accessible materials among teachers was found to be very limited. Easily accessible locally sourced materials were found to have the potential to enable grade 10 Physical Science teachers to help learners to make sense of concepts of electromagnetism in under-resourced schools. In light of the above findings, the study recommends that science teachers should make use of easily accessible materials which can minimise their dependence on standard laboratory equipment which is unaffordable anyway by most schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The novel as cultural and historical archive: an examination of Marlene van Niekerk's Agaat (2006)
- Authors: Carvalho, Alyssa May
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Van Niekerk, Marlene , South Africa Fiction , Afrikaans fiction -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1224 , Van Niekerk, Marlene , South Africa Fiction , Afrikaans fiction -- 21st century
- Description: This research engages with a contemporary theoretical debate in the literary field, namely the ability of fictional texts to contribute to archival records. Contemporary research in archival discourse suggests that there are many intersections between fiction and the archive. Using Hamilton and others’ seminal text Refiguring the Archive (2002) and Pasco’s “Literature as Historical Archive” (2004) as point of departure, this dissertation offers an analysis of the South African English translation of Marlene van Niekerk’s Agaat (2004, translated 2006). In both form and function, the novel is viewed as a simulation of an archive. In Agaat, Van Niekerk has compiled a fictional archive of two indigenous South African cultures through her portrayal of the two main characters: Afrikaner culture during apartheid as embedded in the focalization of Milla de Wet and remnants of Khoi and/or San culture as emerge from the fictionalised subjectivity of her coloured housekeeper-nurse, Agaat. Through a conceptual and theoretical exploration of archival discourse, I argue that literary texts, such as Van Niekerk’s novel, have the potential to refigure (or creatively redefine) the archive and to enhance its scope and relevance, especially as South Africa undergoes transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Carvalho, Alyssa May
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Van Niekerk, Marlene , South Africa Fiction , Afrikaans fiction -- 21st century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1224 , Van Niekerk, Marlene , South Africa Fiction , Afrikaans fiction -- 21st century
- Description: This research engages with a contemporary theoretical debate in the literary field, namely the ability of fictional texts to contribute to archival records. Contemporary research in archival discourse suggests that there are many intersections between fiction and the archive. Using Hamilton and others’ seminal text Refiguring the Archive (2002) and Pasco’s “Literature as Historical Archive” (2004) as point of departure, this dissertation offers an analysis of the South African English translation of Marlene van Niekerk’s Agaat (2004, translated 2006). In both form and function, the novel is viewed as a simulation of an archive. In Agaat, Van Niekerk has compiled a fictional archive of two indigenous South African cultures through her portrayal of the two main characters: Afrikaner culture during apartheid as embedded in the focalization of Milla de Wet and remnants of Khoi and/or San culture as emerge from the fictionalised subjectivity of her coloured housekeeper-nurse, Agaat. Through a conceptual and theoretical exploration of archival discourse, I argue that literary texts, such as Van Niekerk’s novel, have the potential to refigure (or creatively redefine) the archive and to enhance its scope and relevance, especially as South Africa undergoes transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Vein and replacement type Sn and Sn-W mineralization in the Southern Kaoko Zone, Damara Province, South West Africa/Namibia
- Authors: Petzel, V
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Geology, Structural -- Namibia -- Damara Mobile Belt , Geology, Structural -- Namibia -- Kaoko Belt , Veins (Geology) -- Namibia -- Damara Mobile Belt , Veins (Geology) -- Namibia -- Kaoko Belt , Mineralogy -- Namibia -- Damara Mobile Belt , Mineralogy -- Namibia -- Kaoko Belt , Geodynamics -- Namibia -- Damara Mobile Belt , Geodynamics -- Namibia -- Kaoko Belt
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5041 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007633
- Description: The ENE trending Brandberg West - Goantagab Sn-W belt is located in the Southern Kaoko Zone of the northern coastal branch of the Damara Orogen. The lithologies in this area are turbiditic and consist of three schist units separated by two marble horizons, all of which are correlated with the Swakop Group. The formations are intensely folded by at least three episodes of which the first two are coaxial and resulted in prominent, approximately N-S trending, structures. Sn and Sn-W mineralization predominantly occurs as vein and replacement type mineralization. Vein type mineralization occurs as Brandberg West, Frans Prospect, Gamigab Prospect and the Goantagab Mining Area. The vein type mineralization is accompanied by intense alteration, consisting of greisenization, sericitization, hematitization and carbonatization. Replacement-type, hematite-cassiterite mineralization, occurs in the Goantagab Mining area in the marble close to, or at the schist marble contact. Intense ferruginous alteration of the marbles in this area, is associated with veins, which terminate against, or cross cut the marble. A regional metal zonation, ranging from Sn-W mineralization with minor sulphides at Brandberg West to Sn-sulphide mineralization at Goantagab can be detected. This metal zonation is attributed to the distance of the mineral locality from the source area, with Goantagab representing a distal and Brandberg West a proximal position relative to the source area. Structural, mineralogical and geological features of the mineralization in this area suggest that processes of ore genesis may be related to anorogenic magmatism of Karoo age.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Petzel, V
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Geology, Structural -- Namibia -- Damara Mobile Belt , Geology, Structural -- Namibia -- Kaoko Belt , Veins (Geology) -- Namibia -- Damara Mobile Belt , Veins (Geology) -- Namibia -- Kaoko Belt , Mineralogy -- Namibia -- Damara Mobile Belt , Mineralogy -- Namibia -- Kaoko Belt , Geodynamics -- Namibia -- Damara Mobile Belt , Geodynamics -- Namibia -- Kaoko Belt
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5041 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007633
- Description: The ENE trending Brandberg West - Goantagab Sn-W belt is located in the Southern Kaoko Zone of the northern coastal branch of the Damara Orogen. The lithologies in this area are turbiditic and consist of three schist units separated by two marble horizons, all of which are correlated with the Swakop Group. The formations are intensely folded by at least three episodes of which the first two are coaxial and resulted in prominent, approximately N-S trending, structures. Sn and Sn-W mineralization predominantly occurs as vein and replacement type mineralization. Vein type mineralization occurs as Brandberg West, Frans Prospect, Gamigab Prospect and the Goantagab Mining Area. The vein type mineralization is accompanied by intense alteration, consisting of greisenization, sericitization, hematitization and carbonatization. Replacement-type, hematite-cassiterite mineralization, occurs in the Goantagab Mining area in the marble close to, or at the schist marble contact. Intense ferruginous alteration of the marbles in this area, is associated with veins, which terminate against, or cross cut the marble. A regional metal zonation, ranging from Sn-W mineralization with minor sulphides at Brandberg West to Sn-sulphide mineralization at Goantagab can be detected. This metal zonation is attributed to the distance of the mineral locality from the source area, with Goantagab representing a distal and Brandberg West a proximal position relative to the source area. Structural, mineralogical and geological features of the mineralization in this area suggest that processes of ore genesis may be related to anorogenic magmatism of Karoo age.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Investigating teachers’ experiences of using multiple representations to teach fractions for conceptual understanding in 'Grades 5-7': a Namibian case study
- Authors: Iiyambo,Julia
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1296 , vital:20044
- Description: This study investigated teachers’ experiences of using multiple representations to teach fractions for conceptual understanding in ‘grades 5 – 7’. Three teachers were involved in the study and the main goal was to explore how teachers might work with the additional tools of multiple representations to improve the teaching of fractions for conceptual understanding. Different types of multiple representations such as written mathematical symbols, descriptive written words, pictorial representations, manipulations, concrete reality, oral representations, and experience-based representations and videos or power point presentations were examined. This investigation was carried out through a focus group workshop developed by the researcher and though observations of fraction teaching which took place in schools. The research focused on the teachers working to develop their use of multiple representations to teach fractions and how they implemented what they learned in the workshop into their own classroom teaching. This study was conducted using a qualitative case study design and was oriented in the interpretive paradigm. The three participating teachers in the focus group workshop were observed and interviewed individually. The purpose of observing teaching before the workshop was to observe how the selected teachers taught fractions and in particular to observe which types of representations they used and how these were used to enhance the conceptual understanding of the learners. Post teaching took place after the focus group workshop and the different multiple representations which were used in different lessons were observed and analyzed. The purpose of the interview was to gain an understanding of the teachers’ views of using multiple representations when teaching fractions for conceptual understanding. The data showed that teachers who participated in the focus group workshop worked positively to develop their use of multiple representations to teach fractions. They made sense of fractions and were able to look at representations in different ways to develop the meaning and concepts of fractions. Teachers developed an understanding of working with multiple representations and were able to make connections among concepts and the use of concrete representations. Teachers also developed their lesson plans effectively to involve a variety of teaching methods and multiple representations, despite the limited time available to them. Moreover, teachers used different modes of representation to improve learner engagement in learning activities. Lastly, teachers used multiple representations to teach in ways that improved the learners’ conception of fractions. On the basis of this research, it can be concluded that in-service workshops for teachers on the integration of multiple representative tools in the teaching of ‘Grades 5 – 7’ fractions could provide a valuable contribution to further developing the teaching of fractions in schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Iiyambo,Julia
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1296 , vital:20044
- Description: This study investigated teachers’ experiences of using multiple representations to teach fractions for conceptual understanding in ‘grades 5 – 7’. Three teachers were involved in the study and the main goal was to explore how teachers might work with the additional tools of multiple representations to improve the teaching of fractions for conceptual understanding. Different types of multiple representations such as written mathematical symbols, descriptive written words, pictorial representations, manipulations, concrete reality, oral representations, and experience-based representations and videos or power point presentations were examined. This investigation was carried out through a focus group workshop developed by the researcher and though observations of fraction teaching which took place in schools. The research focused on the teachers working to develop their use of multiple representations to teach fractions and how they implemented what they learned in the workshop into their own classroom teaching. This study was conducted using a qualitative case study design and was oriented in the interpretive paradigm. The three participating teachers in the focus group workshop were observed and interviewed individually. The purpose of observing teaching before the workshop was to observe how the selected teachers taught fractions and in particular to observe which types of representations they used and how these were used to enhance the conceptual understanding of the learners. Post teaching took place after the focus group workshop and the different multiple representations which were used in different lessons were observed and analyzed. The purpose of the interview was to gain an understanding of the teachers’ views of using multiple representations when teaching fractions for conceptual understanding. The data showed that teachers who participated in the focus group workshop worked positively to develop their use of multiple representations to teach fractions. They made sense of fractions and were able to look at representations in different ways to develop the meaning and concepts of fractions. Teachers developed an understanding of working with multiple representations and were able to make connections among concepts and the use of concrete representations. Teachers also developed their lesson plans effectively to involve a variety of teaching methods and multiple representations, despite the limited time available to them. Moreover, teachers used different modes of representation to improve learner engagement in learning activities. Lastly, teachers used multiple representations to teach in ways that improved the learners’ conception of fractions. On the basis of this research, it can be concluded that in-service workshops for teachers on the integration of multiple representative tools in the teaching of ‘Grades 5 – 7’ fractions could provide a valuable contribution to further developing the teaching of fractions in schools.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Social constructivist mathematics education in a Ciskeian secondary school classroom
- Authors: Raghavan, Prasannakumary
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Curricula -- South Africa -- Ciskei -- Case studies Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1767 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003652
- Description: The researcher's experience as a high school mathematics teacher in several African countries convinced her that a good number of mathematics learners exhibit serious difficulties in conceptualising mathematics properly. Her experience in teaching the subject in the Ciskei since 1990 reinforced this conviction. The researcher's natural curiosity to probe into the causes of the poor state of mathematics education in the region served as the springboard into her investigation. Her thoughts developed in line with the emerging educational theories of social constructivism. This provided a conceptual framework for the solution of the problem, the feasibility of which was put to test practically in a Ciskeian classroom. She explicates that the difficulties experienced by the pupils in conceptualising mathematics are philosophically deep rooted and latent in the present system of mathematics education itself, which, in Ciskei, impedes the learners' conceptualisation owing to numerous problems related to their linguistic and cultural situatedness. In the analysis of the present system of mathematics education in the Ciskei she reviews a few recently published mathematics text books in the context of the topics chosen for her research study. The results of her classroom investigation establish that a possible solution to the problem lies in the social constructivist teaching approaches.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Raghavan, Prasannakumary
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Mathematics -- Curricula -- South Africa -- Ciskei -- Case studies Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1767 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003652
- Description: The researcher's experience as a high school mathematics teacher in several African countries convinced her that a good number of mathematics learners exhibit serious difficulties in conceptualising mathematics properly. Her experience in teaching the subject in the Ciskei since 1990 reinforced this conviction. The researcher's natural curiosity to probe into the causes of the poor state of mathematics education in the region served as the springboard into her investigation. Her thoughts developed in line with the emerging educational theories of social constructivism. This provided a conceptual framework for the solution of the problem, the feasibility of which was put to test practically in a Ciskeian classroom. She explicates that the difficulties experienced by the pupils in conceptualising mathematics are philosophically deep rooted and latent in the present system of mathematics education itself, which, in Ciskei, impedes the learners' conceptualisation owing to numerous problems related to their linguistic and cultural situatedness. In the analysis of the present system of mathematics education in the Ciskei she reviews a few recently published mathematics text books in the context of the topics chosen for her research study. The results of her classroom investigation establish that a possible solution to the problem lies in the social constructivist teaching approaches.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Genetic characteristics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1, and deter-minants of late presentation for care and Diabetes mellitus amongst newly diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.
- Authors: Sogbanmu, Olufunso Oladipo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:40495
- Description: Phylogenies may help to characterize transmission pairs, enhance contact tracing and outbreak investigations, track the origin and spread of epidemics over place and time, and to identify patterns of onward Human Immunodeficiency-Virus (HIV) transmission among risk groups. If the pattern and evolution of HIV drug resistance can be mapped, this may influence the development of guidelines in the clinical management of HIV especially with issues relating to prevalence of primary drug resistance and its impact on outcomes of present antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimen in use and the ability to trace and track the development of drug resistant strains. The roll-out of the test and treat Programme for newly diagnosed HIV infected pa-tient, seeks to identify HIV infected individuals early and to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with the late presentation for HIV care. The determination of the magnitude of ‘late presentation’ and or ‘presentation with advanced HIV disease’ can be used in very diverse settings and for many purposes. It provides a unified way to define the problem, thereby targeting appropriate interventions to prevent the detrimental outcomes associated with late presentation to care. The subtle relationship between HIV and diabetes mellitus (DM) may also help in formulating better preventive programs to aid the control of non-communicable diseases such as DM. This cross-sectional study includes a purposive selection of 335 HIV positive patients attending the voluntary counselling and Testing (VCT) and HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) centres and outpatient departments at Cecilia Makiwane Hospital and the HCT sites at the Buffalo District municipality community health centres, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Late or delayed presentation of HIV infection was defined as CD4 cell count beneath 350 cells/μL and/or patients presenting with an AIDS-defining event at the first follow-up regardless of the CD4 cell count. Chapter 1 provides the general introduction had an overview of the introduction to the study, the statement of the research problem, hypothesis, the aim and the objectives. xx Chapter 2 looked in-depth at the HIV, case definition, the latest epidemiology of HIV, the HIV genome, the life cycle of HIV, its diagnosis, the classes of antiretroviral drugs, development of drug resistance. Chapter 3 highlighted the prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance (TDR) with focus on the protease gene. RNA was extracted from blood samples of 72 newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients attending some HIV testing and counselling clinics from August 2016 to July 2017. Protease fragments were amplified with specific primers by RT-PCR followed by nested PCR. The amplified products were sequenced using the ABI 360 sequencer, edited with Geneious version 9.1.5 and translated into amino acid with BioEdit software. Drug related resistance mutation (DRMs) analysis was performed on all the protease sequences in accordance with the 2009 WHO list of surveillance drug resistance mutations by submitting the edited sequences to Stanford HIV drug interpretation programme and the international AIDS society-USA guidelines for query of drug resistance associated mutations while phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 6 to allocate all viral sequences into subtypes. In the study, a total of 52/72 (71.1%) reliable HIV-1 protease sequences were obtained in which subtyping and drug resistance mutations were performed. Two (3.8%) major Protease resistance associated mutation (V82A/L and L90M) were observed while another polymorphism like L10F, T74S, Q58E, L10I/V and M46V were also identified. Phylogenetic analyses delineated all the sequences as HIV-1 subtype C. Chapter 4 describes the prevalence and the determinants of late presentation amongst newly diagnosed HIV positive individuals in the Eastern Cape. It indicates the extent of the prevalence of patients presenting to care and at what HIV stage they were assessing health care services since the inception of the ‘test and treat’ strategy. It is a cross-sectional study where a total of 335 newly diagnosed patients were recruited consecutively be-tween August 2016 and July 2017. Late presenter for HIV care was defined in accordance with the European Late Presenter Consensus working group as a patient who reports for care when the CD4 count is below 350 cells/μL and/or when there is an established Aids- xxi defining clinical condition, irrespective of CD4 count. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of late HIV diagnosis. The study showed that 60% of patients were late presenters, with 35% presenting with advanced disease. The major determinants identified were being male and low level of education. This led to recommendations directed at ensuring programmes that targets men in identifying their HIV status and assess care at early stage to prevents the morbidity and mortality associated with delayed presentation. Also, it was recommended that effort should be made to improve access to education and also include HIV related topics into the educational curriculum. Chapter 5 aimed to describe the prevalence and determinants of DM amongst newly diagnosed HIV positive individuals. This is a cross-sectional study which recruited 335 patients between August 2016 and September 2017. Definition for diabetes mellitus was made based on the SEDMSA 2015 guideline of HBA1C of above 6.5%. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of abnormal glycated haemoglobin. Findings showed the prevalence of DM at about 6% amongst newly diagnosed HIV positive individuals. This is similar to findings in other study within the country, but a bit lower than what was obtained in the developed countries. The role of older age (above 40 years) as predisposing factor to development of diabetes in newly diagnosed HIV positive individual was well noted and taken. This ensures that screening for DM should be targeted at elderly HIV positive individuals. The grey area of the appropriate mode of diagnostic test to use to diagnose HIV is still debatable, however, a combination of HBA1c and fasting blood sugar (FBS) may improve the diagnosis of DM in this population group. In chapter 6, the general conclusions, recommendations and future perspectives of the study are reflected.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Sogbanmu, Olufunso Oladipo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/${Handle} , vital:40495
- Description: Phylogenies may help to characterize transmission pairs, enhance contact tracing and outbreak investigations, track the origin and spread of epidemics over place and time, and to identify patterns of onward Human Immunodeficiency-Virus (HIV) transmission among risk groups. If the pattern and evolution of HIV drug resistance can be mapped, this may influence the development of guidelines in the clinical management of HIV especially with issues relating to prevalence of primary drug resistance and its impact on outcomes of present antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimen in use and the ability to trace and track the development of drug resistant strains. The roll-out of the test and treat Programme for newly diagnosed HIV infected pa-tient, seeks to identify HIV infected individuals early and to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with the late presentation for HIV care. The determination of the magnitude of ‘late presentation’ and or ‘presentation with advanced HIV disease’ can be used in very diverse settings and for many purposes. It provides a unified way to define the problem, thereby targeting appropriate interventions to prevent the detrimental outcomes associated with late presentation to care. The subtle relationship between HIV and diabetes mellitus (DM) may also help in formulating better preventive programs to aid the control of non-communicable diseases such as DM. This cross-sectional study includes a purposive selection of 335 HIV positive patients attending the voluntary counselling and Testing (VCT) and HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) centres and outpatient departments at Cecilia Makiwane Hospital and the HCT sites at the Buffalo District municipality community health centres, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Late or delayed presentation of HIV infection was defined as CD4 cell count beneath 350 cells/μL and/or patients presenting with an AIDS-defining event at the first follow-up regardless of the CD4 cell count. Chapter 1 provides the general introduction had an overview of the introduction to the study, the statement of the research problem, hypothesis, the aim and the objectives. xx Chapter 2 looked in-depth at the HIV, case definition, the latest epidemiology of HIV, the HIV genome, the life cycle of HIV, its diagnosis, the classes of antiretroviral drugs, development of drug resistance. Chapter 3 highlighted the prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance (TDR) with focus on the protease gene. RNA was extracted from blood samples of 72 newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients attending some HIV testing and counselling clinics from August 2016 to July 2017. Protease fragments were amplified with specific primers by RT-PCR followed by nested PCR. The amplified products were sequenced using the ABI 360 sequencer, edited with Geneious version 9.1.5 and translated into amino acid with BioEdit software. Drug related resistance mutation (DRMs) analysis was performed on all the protease sequences in accordance with the 2009 WHO list of surveillance drug resistance mutations by submitting the edited sequences to Stanford HIV drug interpretation programme and the international AIDS society-USA guidelines for query of drug resistance associated mutations while phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 6 to allocate all viral sequences into subtypes. In the study, a total of 52/72 (71.1%) reliable HIV-1 protease sequences were obtained in which subtyping and drug resistance mutations were performed. Two (3.8%) major Protease resistance associated mutation (V82A/L and L90M) were observed while another polymorphism like L10F, T74S, Q58E, L10I/V and M46V were also identified. Phylogenetic analyses delineated all the sequences as HIV-1 subtype C. Chapter 4 describes the prevalence and the determinants of late presentation amongst newly diagnosed HIV positive individuals in the Eastern Cape. It indicates the extent of the prevalence of patients presenting to care and at what HIV stage they were assessing health care services since the inception of the ‘test and treat’ strategy. It is a cross-sectional study where a total of 335 newly diagnosed patients were recruited consecutively be-tween August 2016 and July 2017. Late presenter for HIV care was defined in accordance with the European Late Presenter Consensus working group as a patient who reports for care when the CD4 count is below 350 cells/μL and/or when there is an established Aids- xxi defining clinical condition, irrespective of CD4 count. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of late HIV diagnosis. The study showed that 60% of patients were late presenters, with 35% presenting with advanced disease. The major determinants identified were being male and low level of education. This led to recommendations directed at ensuring programmes that targets men in identifying their HIV status and assess care at early stage to prevents the morbidity and mortality associated with delayed presentation. Also, it was recommended that effort should be made to improve access to education and also include HIV related topics into the educational curriculum. Chapter 5 aimed to describe the prevalence and determinants of DM amongst newly diagnosed HIV positive individuals. This is a cross-sectional study which recruited 335 patients between August 2016 and September 2017. Definition for diabetes mellitus was made based on the SEDMSA 2015 guideline of HBA1C of above 6.5%. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of abnormal glycated haemoglobin. Findings showed the prevalence of DM at about 6% amongst newly diagnosed HIV positive individuals. This is similar to findings in other study within the country, but a bit lower than what was obtained in the developed countries. The role of older age (above 40 years) as predisposing factor to development of diabetes in newly diagnosed HIV positive individual was well noted and taken. This ensures that screening for DM should be targeted at elderly HIV positive individuals. The grey area of the appropriate mode of diagnostic test to use to diagnose HIV is still debatable, however, a combination of HBA1c and fasting blood sugar (FBS) may improve the diagnosis of DM in this population group. In chapter 6, the general conclusions, recommendations and future perspectives of the study are reflected.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Teachers and learners’ perspectives towards English as a language of learning and teaching : a case of two selected secondary schools in the Amathole West Education District
- Osunkunle, Atinuke Oluwatoyin
- Authors: Osunkunle, Atinuke Oluwatoyin
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching Second language acquisition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16243 , vital:40702
- Description: The study aimed at examining teachers and learners’ perspectives towards English as a language of learning and teaching (LoLT), using two selected secondary schools in the Amathole West Education District as a case study and to see if English is indeed a language of choice among learners and teachers. The researcher employed an interpretative qualitative research paradigm and purposive non-probability sampling method was used to draw samples of participants for in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The school principal and two teachers were purposively selected in each of the two schools, making a total of two school principals and four teachers that were interviewed. In addition, a member of the School Governing Body (SGB) was selected in each of the two schools and interviewed. The study also had one focus group discussion with learners in each of the two selected schools, making two focus groups in total. All the one-on-one in-depth interviews as well as the focus group discussions with the learners were recorded and then transcribed. The collected data was later analysed thematically to infer the meaning and present the findings. The findings revealed that most of the students in public schools are torn between two divides as they struggle with the use of English as a language of learning and teaching but seem to have no choice, as they all believed that the use of English is quite beneficial to them in many ways. Another critical finding is that some teachers find it difficult to teach in English because they do not have a good command of the language. This makes them to code-switch regularly using IsiXhosa along with English while they are supposed to teach in English. Thus, this affects the learners proper understanding of and grounding in the English language. The study also found out that the schools lack adequate support to ensure the effective use of English for learning and teaching. The study recommended that various support systems from the government are needed in order to ensure the acceptance and successful use of English as LoLT in South African public schools. In this regard, the participants assured that these would result in positive outcomes, as they would provide quality education through government support. The study concluded that English is the preferred LoLT by both teachers and learners, thus, it needs to be prioritised.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Osunkunle, Atinuke Oluwatoyin
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: English language -- Study and teaching Second language acquisition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16243 , vital:40702
- Description: The study aimed at examining teachers and learners’ perspectives towards English as a language of learning and teaching (LoLT), using two selected secondary schools in the Amathole West Education District as a case study and to see if English is indeed a language of choice among learners and teachers. The researcher employed an interpretative qualitative research paradigm and purposive non-probability sampling method was used to draw samples of participants for in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The school principal and two teachers were purposively selected in each of the two schools, making a total of two school principals and four teachers that were interviewed. In addition, a member of the School Governing Body (SGB) was selected in each of the two schools and interviewed. The study also had one focus group discussion with learners in each of the two selected schools, making two focus groups in total. All the one-on-one in-depth interviews as well as the focus group discussions with the learners were recorded and then transcribed. The collected data was later analysed thematically to infer the meaning and present the findings. The findings revealed that most of the students in public schools are torn between two divides as they struggle with the use of English as a language of learning and teaching but seem to have no choice, as they all believed that the use of English is quite beneficial to them in many ways. Another critical finding is that some teachers find it difficult to teach in English because they do not have a good command of the language. This makes them to code-switch regularly using IsiXhosa along with English while they are supposed to teach in English. Thus, this affects the learners proper understanding of and grounding in the English language. The study also found out that the schools lack adequate support to ensure the effective use of English for learning and teaching. The study recommended that various support systems from the government are needed in order to ensure the acceptance and successful use of English as LoLT in South African public schools. In this regard, the participants assured that these would result in positive outcomes, as they would provide quality education through government support. The study concluded that English is the preferred LoLT by both teachers and learners, thus, it needs to be prioritised.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Synthesis and photophysical studies of crown ether-bodipy dyes and the fabrication of bodipy embedded fluorescent nanofibers
- Authors: Stone, Justin
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4953 , vital:20746
- Description: This study has three major objectives: 1) to synthesize a series of structurally related BODIPY dyes, 2) to fabricate BODIPY embedded electrospun nanofibers, and 3) to investigate and characterize the photophysical properties of all synthesized BODIPY dyes with a special focus on their ability to generate singlet oxygen. This thesis first explores the acid catalysed condensation reaction to produce two structurally analogous meso-substituted BODIPY dyes based on cuminaldehyde and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehdye. In order to enhance the rate of ISC and promote the generation of reactive oxygen species bromine atoms were then attached to the BODIPY 2,6-positions. These BODIPY dyes were then embedded in a polystyrene solution and electrospun into nanofibers. The resulting nanofibers were found to be highly fluorescent, but were no longer able to generate singlet oxygen. Ion-sensitive BODIPYs were prepared from the dibrominated BODIPY dyes by employing a modified Knoevenagel condensation reaction to form a styryl bond with 4’-formylbenzo-15-crown-5 at the 3,5-position of the BODIPY core. Changes in the morphology and position of the absorption and emission spectra of these crown ether-styryl BODIPY dyes were observed in the presence of sodium ions. These results imply that crown ether-substituted BODIPY dyes could function as ion sensors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Stone, Justin
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4953 , vital:20746
- Description: This study has three major objectives: 1) to synthesize a series of structurally related BODIPY dyes, 2) to fabricate BODIPY embedded electrospun nanofibers, and 3) to investigate and characterize the photophysical properties of all synthesized BODIPY dyes with a special focus on their ability to generate singlet oxygen. This thesis first explores the acid catalysed condensation reaction to produce two structurally analogous meso-substituted BODIPY dyes based on cuminaldehyde and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehdye. In order to enhance the rate of ISC and promote the generation of reactive oxygen species bromine atoms were then attached to the BODIPY 2,6-positions. These BODIPY dyes were then embedded in a polystyrene solution and electrospun into nanofibers. The resulting nanofibers were found to be highly fluorescent, but were no longer able to generate singlet oxygen. Ion-sensitive BODIPYs were prepared from the dibrominated BODIPY dyes by employing a modified Knoevenagel condensation reaction to form a styryl bond with 4’-formylbenzo-15-crown-5 at the 3,5-position of the BODIPY core. Changes in the morphology and position of the absorption and emission spectra of these crown ether-styryl BODIPY dyes were observed in the presence of sodium ions. These results imply that crown ether-substituted BODIPY dyes could function as ion sensors.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The potential economic implications of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia l.) on agricultural production in South Africa
- Authors: Humphrey, Luke
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4069 , vital:20599
- Description: Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is an invasive deciduous, strongly suckering, broad- leaved tree that has the potential to be widely distributed across a large portion of South Africa. Robinia pseudoacacia has invaded all nine of South African provinces, with large infestations found in the Eastern Cape, Kwa Zulu-Natal, Free State and Gauteng provinces. The invasive tree has the potential to spread into livestock grazing lands in South Africa. Because R. pseudoacacia has the ability to spread and thrive in a variety of habitats and resists control, the distribution of the invasive tree into grazing land poses a problem for landowners. The potential economic impacts of R. pseudoacacia on agricultural production stem from the trees ability to reduce the carrying capacity of livestock. This study estimated the potential economic implications of R. pseudoacacia on agricultural production in South Africa, specifically looking at the livestock sector. The prevalence of R. pseudoacacia potential distribution was calculated by using a maximum-entropy predictive habitat model, MAXENT. The distribution of livestock, based on grazing capacity (ha/LSU), in South Africa was then determined. The potential direct economic impacts were estimated by assessing the impact of the potential distribution of R. pseudoacacia on the carrying capacity of livestock. The results showed that an infestation of R. pseudoacacia has the potential to reduce the gross margin in the livestock sector by between approximately R130 million and R961 million, dependent on the probability of invasion. Therefore, the potential invasion of R. pseudoacacia can have detrimental effects on the livestock sector in South Africa. The potential high levels of foregone income and business activity found in this study reaffirm the need to devote resources to develop a viable, economical and effective control method, such as biological control.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Humphrey, Luke
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4069 , vital:20599
- Description: Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is an invasive deciduous, strongly suckering, broad- leaved tree that has the potential to be widely distributed across a large portion of South Africa. Robinia pseudoacacia has invaded all nine of South African provinces, with large infestations found in the Eastern Cape, Kwa Zulu-Natal, Free State and Gauteng provinces. The invasive tree has the potential to spread into livestock grazing lands in South Africa. Because R. pseudoacacia has the ability to spread and thrive in a variety of habitats and resists control, the distribution of the invasive tree into grazing land poses a problem for landowners. The potential economic impacts of R. pseudoacacia on agricultural production stem from the trees ability to reduce the carrying capacity of livestock. This study estimated the potential economic implications of R. pseudoacacia on agricultural production in South Africa, specifically looking at the livestock sector. The prevalence of R. pseudoacacia potential distribution was calculated by using a maximum-entropy predictive habitat model, MAXENT. The distribution of livestock, based on grazing capacity (ha/LSU), in South Africa was then determined. The potential direct economic impacts were estimated by assessing the impact of the potential distribution of R. pseudoacacia on the carrying capacity of livestock. The results showed that an infestation of R. pseudoacacia has the potential to reduce the gross margin in the livestock sector by between approximately R130 million and R961 million, dependent on the probability of invasion. Therefore, the potential invasion of R. pseudoacacia can have detrimental effects on the livestock sector in South Africa. The potential high levels of foregone income and business activity found in this study reaffirm the need to devote resources to develop a viable, economical and effective control method, such as biological control.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Media and parliament in the Third Republic: a study of newspaper coverage of parliament by the Times of Zambia and the Post from January to November 2001
- Authors: Djokotoe-Gliguie, Edem K
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Newspapers -- Zambia Mass media -- Political aspects -- Zambia Zambia -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3515 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007796
- Description: The press is credited with playing a central role in the consolidation of democracy by informing citizens, engaging them in the process of public decision making and governance and stimulating wide and inclusive debate on public matters. In emergent democracies like Zambia, the extent of the media's role as a public sphere, not to mention its impact, is not known. The study set out to investigate the extent of the press' public sphere role, particularly how Zambian newspapers report Parliament and how such coverage informs public opinion. It found that though the press covers Parliament, the nature of coverage does not empower newspaper readers with the kind of context, background and interpretation they would otherwise need to engage in public discourses on matters that affect them from an informed perspective. In the main, the role of the press in informing citizens is not fully realised, not only because uninformative character of coverage, but partly because of low literacy levels and the limited reach of local newspapers. It was against this background that the study recommended ways in which the Zambian press could re-focus its approach to parliamentary news coverage to make it more informational and more inclined towards playing a public sphere role, at least to the newspaper-reading public. Making parliamentary coverage an integrated newsroom function was the main recommendation. It provided the basis for suggesting a practical editorial option for the coverage of the legislature that accommodates the integration of context, background and interpretation into parliamentary news.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
- Authors: Djokotoe-Gliguie, Edem K
- Date: 2003
- Subjects: Newspapers -- Zambia Mass media -- Political aspects -- Zambia Zambia -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3515 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007796
- Description: The press is credited with playing a central role in the consolidation of democracy by informing citizens, engaging them in the process of public decision making and governance and stimulating wide and inclusive debate on public matters. In emergent democracies like Zambia, the extent of the media's role as a public sphere, not to mention its impact, is not known. The study set out to investigate the extent of the press' public sphere role, particularly how Zambian newspapers report Parliament and how such coverage informs public opinion. It found that though the press covers Parliament, the nature of coverage does not empower newspaper readers with the kind of context, background and interpretation they would otherwise need to engage in public discourses on matters that affect them from an informed perspective. In the main, the role of the press in informing citizens is not fully realised, not only because uninformative character of coverage, but partly because of low literacy levels and the limited reach of local newspapers. It was against this background that the study recommended ways in which the Zambian press could re-focus its approach to parliamentary news coverage to make it more informational and more inclined towards playing a public sphere role, at least to the newspaper-reading public. Making parliamentary coverage an integrated newsroom function was the main recommendation. It provided the basis for suggesting a practical editorial option for the coverage of the legislature that accommodates the integration of context, background and interpretation into parliamentary news.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2003
Understandings of citizenship in policy and amongst matric learners in three KwaZulu Natal schools
- Authors: Van Lelyveld, Lara Diane
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Citizenship -- Study and teaching -- Kwazulu-Natal (South Africa) Citizenship -- Social aspects -- Kwazulu-Natal (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006116
- Description: This thesis explores the difference between the vision of citizenship within education policy and the actual experiences and understandings of citizenship by Matric learners. Citizenship as envisioned in policy is shown to differ significantly to citizenship as understood and experienced by the interview participants. The citizenship envisioned in policy presents the goal of an equal and united citizenry whereas interview participants described citizenship as unequal and hierarchical. In particular, the racial hierarchy enforced under Apartheid was found to dominate the learners’ experiences of citizenship. Despite progressive legislation, distribution of opportunities remains heavily weighted in favour of those in high-income environments. Education policies that determine the overall structure of the South African education system were selected for analysis. These are the Constitution, the South African Schools Act and the National Education Policy Act. These policies are analysed and a vision of South African citizenship is described as possessing the following characteristics. A common, equal citizenship in a united and transformed South Africa. A citizenship encouraging and mandating critical engagement, dialogue, openness and transparency. A citizenship founded on quality of life for all and developing the potential of each individual. A citizenship in which both state and citizen are responsible and accountable and operate within the rule of law. A citizenship underpinned by human dignity and freedom and security of the person. A citizenship in which there is respect for difference and self-determination and in which ‘unity in diversity’ plays a key role. Matric learners were drawn from three different schools in an area of Kwazulu-Natal. Each of these schools represents a ‘type’ of school in South Africa: a former Model C school, an independent school and a school based in a rural or township area. The interviews aimed not only to understand citizenship from the perspective of these learners, but also to understand how experiences of citizenship varied depending on race, gender and class.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Van Lelyveld, Lara Diane
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Citizenship -- Study and teaching -- Kwazulu-Natal (South Africa) Citizenship -- Social aspects -- Kwazulu-Natal (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006116
- Description: This thesis explores the difference between the vision of citizenship within education policy and the actual experiences and understandings of citizenship by Matric learners. Citizenship as envisioned in policy is shown to differ significantly to citizenship as understood and experienced by the interview participants. The citizenship envisioned in policy presents the goal of an equal and united citizenry whereas interview participants described citizenship as unequal and hierarchical. In particular, the racial hierarchy enforced under Apartheid was found to dominate the learners’ experiences of citizenship. Despite progressive legislation, distribution of opportunities remains heavily weighted in favour of those in high-income environments. Education policies that determine the overall structure of the South African education system were selected for analysis. These are the Constitution, the South African Schools Act and the National Education Policy Act. These policies are analysed and a vision of South African citizenship is described as possessing the following characteristics. A common, equal citizenship in a united and transformed South Africa. A citizenship encouraging and mandating critical engagement, dialogue, openness and transparency. A citizenship founded on quality of life for all and developing the potential of each individual. A citizenship in which both state and citizen are responsible and accountable and operate within the rule of law. A citizenship underpinned by human dignity and freedom and security of the person. A citizenship in which there is respect for difference and self-determination and in which ‘unity in diversity’ plays a key role. Matric learners were drawn from three different schools in an area of Kwazulu-Natal. Each of these schools represents a ‘type’ of school in South Africa: a former Model C school, an independent school and a school based in a rural or township area. The interviews aimed not only to understand citizenship from the perspective of these learners, but also to understand how experiences of citizenship varied depending on race, gender and class.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The effective use of corporate social responsibility as a strategic marketing tool to achieve competitive advantage in the South African banking sector
- Authors: Sogoni, Shalene
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Social responsibility of business , Business communication Mass media and business Marketing Banks and banking -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44034 , vital:37094
- Description: The South African banking sector has increasingly grown, with the rise of new entrants in the market and a strong fintech focus, offering a completely digital banking service with products designed to improve the money management of clients. Competition within this sector has become rife, giving banks the option to compete by using traditional means or pursue alternative options. In the past, banks focused more on lowering costs, increasing sales, improve customer retention strategies and the development of superior digital products and services driven by new technology. However banking organisations also understand that is not enough. In order to survive in a highly competitive industry, firms will be have to diversify and follow alternative means outside of the standard traditional ways of doing banking. The business case for engaging in corporate social responsibility is clear and unavoidable as the scope and nature of the socio-economic problems within our communities persist, so has these societal problems become interdependent with the business environment. Therefore, executive managers and are now encouraged to become good corporate citizens, by becoming more socially responsible in the way it does its business. In other words, by strategically applying CSR, as a marketing tool, a company can be profitable, obtain a competitive advantage and simultaneously contribute towards making a sustainable difference in society. The intent of this study is to determine if corporate social responsibility is being effectively used as a strategic marketing tool to achieve competitive advantage in the South African banking sector. In addressing the main research question, and several other secondary objectives, this study seeks to enrich the discussion by presenting a theoretical review that demonstrates the relationship between several concepts, namely, corporate strategy, strategic marketing, corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage, interrelated in this study. The study employs a qualitative research approach by empirically conducting in-depth discussions with industry experts on the subject matter at hand, underpinned by academic literature. The study will justify the interdependencies of business and the society and explores the benefits of integrating CSR into the core strategy of business. The findings will be valuable to business executives, corporate social responsibility or marketing managers, academics and scholars who are trying to better understand the determinant’s of corporate social responsibility, strategic management and competitive advantage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Sogoni, Shalene
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Social responsibility of business , Business communication Mass media and business Marketing Banks and banking -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44034 , vital:37094
- Description: The South African banking sector has increasingly grown, with the rise of new entrants in the market and a strong fintech focus, offering a completely digital banking service with products designed to improve the money management of clients. Competition within this sector has become rife, giving banks the option to compete by using traditional means or pursue alternative options. In the past, banks focused more on lowering costs, increasing sales, improve customer retention strategies and the development of superior digital products and services driven by new technology. However banking organisations also understand that is not enough. In order to survive in a highly competitive industry, firms will be have to diversify and follow alternative means outside of the standard traditional ways of doing banking. The business case for engaging in corporate social responsibility is clear and unavoidable as the scope and nature of the socio-economic problems within our communities persist, so has these societal problems become interdependent with the business environment. Therefore, executive managers and are now encouraged to become good corporate citizens, by becoming more socially responsible in the way it does its business. In other words, by strategically applying CSR, as a marketing tool, a company can be profitable, obtain a competitive advantage and simultaneously contribute towards making a sustainable difference in society. The intent of this study is to determine if corporate social responsibility is being effectively used as a strategic marketing tool to achieve competitive advantage in the South African banking sector. In addressing the main research question, and several other secondary objectives, this study seeks to enrich the discussion by presenting a theoretical review that demonstrates the relationship between several concepts, namely, corporate strategy, strategic marketing, corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage, interrelated in this study. The study employs a qualitative research approach by empirically conducting in-depth discussions with industry experts on the subject matter at hand, underpinned by academic literature. The study will justify the interdependencies of business and the society and explores the benefits of integrating CSR into the core strategy of business. The findings will be valuable to business executives, corporate social responsibility or marketing managers, academics and scholars who are trying to better understand the determinant’s of corporate social responsibility, strategic management and competitive advantage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019