Labour dispute resolution in South Africa and Malawi: a comparative study
- Authors: Banda, Lisa Malopa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- Malawi Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Labor laws and legislation -- Malawi Arbitration, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23891 , vital:30639
- Description: The aim of this treatise with the title Labour dispute resolution in South Africa and Malawi: A comparative study is to compare alternative dispute resolution between these two countries. It, furthermore, aims at drawing best practice to feed into each other. Another objective of this treatise is to learn by comparing and providing insight into the two countries’ alternative dispute resolution systems. This treatise comprises five chapters, each dealing with different aspects of alternative dispute resolution and an inter-country comparison. Chapter 1 introduces the concept of alternative dispute resolution and explains different types of methodologies in South Africa and Malawi in this regard. It also describes the different external alternative dispute resolution systems. In any conflicting situation, there is no guarantee that disputes will be resolved successfully, hence, one needs to apply different methodologies to try to resolve disputes, such as an alternative dispute resolution. Chapter 2 examines the Alternative Dispute Resolution System of South Africa and consists of three parts. Part 1 focuses on the historical legislative framework, Part 2 examines labour dispute resolution, as provided for in the Labour Relations Act of 1995 and Part 3 analyses the advantages and disadvantages of alternative dispute resolution systems in South Africa. Alternative dispute resolution has become popular and prominent across the globe as it ensures privacy and emphasises a cooperative and constructive way forward, which carries with it the possibility of improving employment relations in the long term. Chapter 3 provides an outline of Malawi’s relevant dispute resolution legal framework, regulated methodologies and system. Chapter 4 concentrates on evaluating and comparing alternative dispute resolution systems in South Africa with that of Malawi and later evaluates efficiencies, the effectiveness and challenges of alternative dispute resolution, which arise from the earlier comparison, with the aim of determining whether or not there is a need for reform of each country’s alternative dispute resolution system. The delivery of alternative dispute resolution systems can take place in a number of different settings, such as an employment tribunal, under the auspice of the Ministry of Labour, dispute resolution boards or a private dispute resolution. However, for the purpose of this study, the main mechanisms that will be analysed are arbitration, conciliation and mediation. Conclusions and recommendations are discussed in Chapter 5, which briefly summarises this study and synthesises the analysis of the South African and Malawian alternative dispute resolution system. Recommendations for legislation, methodologies and systems are also made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Banda, Lisa Malopa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Dispute resolution (Law) -- South Africa , Dispute resolution (Law) -- Malawi Labor laws and legislation -- South Africa Labor laws and legislation -- Malawi Arbitration, Industrial -- South Africa Arbitration, Industrial -- Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23891 , vital:30639
- Description: The aim of this treatise with the title Labour dispute resolution in South Africa and Malawi: A comparative study is to compare alternative dispute resolution between these two countries. It, furthermore, aims at drawing best practice to feed into each other. Another objective of this treatise is to learn by comparing and providing insight into the two countries’ alternative dispute resolution systems. This treatise comprises five chapters, each dealing with different aspects of alternative dispute resolution and an inter-country comparison. Chapter 1 introduces the concept of alternative dispute resolution and explains different types of methodologies in South Africa and Malawi in this regard. It also describes the different external alternative dispute resolution systems. In any conflicting situation, there is no guarantee that disputes will be resolved successfully, hence, one needs to apply different methodologies to try to resolve disputes, such as an alternative dispute resolution. Chapter 2 examines the Alternative Dispute Resolution System of South Africa and consists of three parts. Part 1 focuses on the historical legislative framework, Part 2 examines labour dispute resolution, as provided for in the Labour Relations Act of 1995 and Part 3 analyses the advantages and disadvantages of alternative dispute resolution systems in South Africa. Alternative dispute resolution has become popular and prominent across the globe as it ensures privacy and emphasises a cooperative and constructive way forward, which carries with it the possibility of improving employment relations in the long term. Chapter 3 provides an outline of Malawi’s relevant dispute resolution legal framework, regulated methodologies and system. Chapter 4 concentrates on evaluating and comparing alternative dispute resolution systems in South Africa with that of Malawi and later evaluates efficiencies, the effectiveness and challenges of alternative dispute resolution, which arise from the earlier comparison, with the aim of determining whether or not there is a need for reform of each country’s alternative dispute resolution system. The delivery of alternative dispute resolution systems can take place in a number of different settings, such as an employment tribunal, under the auspice of the Ministry of Labour, dispute resolution boards or a private dispute resolution. However, for the purpose of this study, the main mechanisms that will be analysed are arbitration, conciliation and mediation. Conclusions and recommendations are discussed in Chapter 5, which briefly summarises this study and synthesises the analysis of the South African and Malawian alternative dispute resolution system. Recommendations for legislation, methodologies and systems are also made.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
A case study on the incidence and extent of medullated and coloured fibres in the commercially produced South African wool clip 2010 – 2017
- Authors: Zietsman, Jolandrie
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55445 , vital:52002
- Description: No formal study on the incidence and extent of medullated and coloured fibres has been performed in South Africa. The purpose of this research project was to investigate the validity of the claims that there has been an increase in the production of wool contaminated with medullated and coloured fibres. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine whether the incidence and extent of medullated and coloured fibres in the South African wool clip have changed over time. Secondly, the study aimed to determine whether the incidence and extent of medullated and coloured fibres have a distinct geographic distribution. This study explored eight years of wool production records (2010 to 2017) obtained from BKB, the largest wool broker in South Africa. For the purpose of this research, the wool-producing areas of South Africa were divided into 6 regions, according to average annual rainfall, vegetation type and major farming practices applied in the area. Statistical analysis of the data included descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and post-hoc tests, as well as regression analyses. This study succeeded in quantifying the extent and prevalence of contamination with medullated and coloured fibres in the South African wool clip. The overarching conclusions were: • Floating kemp is the most important contaminant of wool in South Africa, with the incidence of harsh kemp and coloured fibres being very low. • Generally, the most important areas that need attention in combatting contamination in the South African wool clip, are the Mixed Farming Summer Rainfall Region, the Semi-Arid Grassveld and the High Rainfall Grassland. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Zietsman, Jolandrie
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55445 , vital:52002
- Description: No formal study on the incidence and extent of medullated and coloured fibres has been performed in South Africa. The purpose of this research project was to investigate the validity of the claims that there has been an increase in the production of wool contaminated with medullated and coloured fibres. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine whether the incidence and extent of medullated and coloured fibres in the South African wool clip have changed over time. Secondly, the study aimed to determine whether the incidence and extent of medullated and coloured fibres have a distinct geographic distribution. This study explored eight years of wool production records (2010 to 2017) obtained from BKB, the largest wool broker in South Africa. For the purpose of this research, the wool-producing areas of South Africa were divided into 6 regions, according to average annual rainfall, vegetation type and major farming practices applied in the area. Statistical analysis of the data included descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and post-hoc tests, as well as regression analyses. This study succeeded in quantifying the extent and prevalence of contamination with medullated and coloured fibres in the South African wool clip. The overarching conclusions were: • Floating kemp is the most important contaminant of wool in South Africa, with the incidence of harsh kemp and coloured fibres being very low. • Generally, the most important areas that need attention in combatting contamination in the South African wool clip, are the Mixed Farming Summer Rainfall Region, the Semi-Arid Grassveld and the High Rainfall Grassland. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
The management of conflict between employees: a case study of an information technology company in Johannesburg
- Authors: Monakali, Robin
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Conflict management -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Conflict management -- Case studies Interpersonal relations Personnel management -- Psychological aspects Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41997 , vital:36616
- Description: The global working environment has transformed significantly over the last two decades, with rapid advancements in technology and information as well as the levels of diversity in the workplace. This process of adaptation, the failure to adapt or weaknesses in adaptation can be an underlying cause of conflict within organizations. For an organization to be successful, there must be effective conflict management techniques in place in order to resolve or keep the conflict at a minimum. The aim of this exploratory case study was to therefore explore the management of conflict between employees in an Information Technology company in Johannesburg. The human needs theory, which states that the deprivation of human needs is a major source of conflict, was used as the theoretical framework guiding this study. A mixed methods approach, also known as methodological triangulation, was used, which involved combining qualitative and quantitative research methods in order to achieve triangulation of data. The qualitative research method that was used comprised individual semi-structured interviews with two Human Resources managers and the quantitative research method involved the completion of self-administered questionnaires by 94 employees of the IT company. The researcher used a purposive sampling design for the interviews and simple random sampling for the questionnaires. Ethics permission for this research was received from Nelson Mandela University’s Research Ethics Committee and the study was conducted in accordance with the university’s Policy on Research Ethics. The findings of this study have revealed that the type of conflict mainly experienced in this organization was employee conflict, due to interpersonal clashes relating to personality differences. The employees were unanimous that conflict can have both a positive and negative effect. The interviews confirmed that the IT company makes use of negotiation and mediation to resolve workplace conflict, with the literature review providing evidence that negotiation and mediation are useful means of managing conflict between employees. However, the results from the completed questionnaires revealed that employees attempt to manage conflict by avoiding the conflict, which could be due to employees having limited awareness of the organization’s procedures to address conflict. This study can therefore potentially be beneficial to organizations and assist the latter in developing conflict management skills and practices, which can enhance organizational performance, productivity and employee retention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Monakali, Robin
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Conflict management -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Conflict management -- Case studies Interpersonal relations Personnel management -- Psychological aspects Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41997 , vital:36616
- Description: The global working environment has transformed significantly over the last two decades, with rapid advancements in technology and information as well as the levels of diversity in the workplace. This process of adaptation, the failure to adapt or weaknesses in adaptation can be an underlying cause of conflict within organizations. For an organization to be successful, there must be effective conflict management techniques in place in order to resolve or keep the conflict at a minimum. The aim of this exploratory case study was to therefore explore the management of conflict between employees in an Information Technology company in Johannesburg. The human needs theory, which states that the deprivation of human needs is a major source of conflict, was used as the theoretical framework guiding this study. A mixed methods approach, also known as methodological triangulation, was used, which involved combining qualitative and quantitative research methods in order to achieve triangulation of data. The qualitative research method that was used comprised individual semi-structured interviews with two Human Resources managers and the quantitative research method involved the completion of self-administered questionnaires by 94 employees of the IT company. The researcher used a purposive sampling design for the interviews and simple random sampling for the questionnaires. Ethics permission for this research was received from Nelson Mandela University’s Research Ethics Committee and the study was conducted in accordance with the university’s Policy on Research Ethics. The findings of this study have revealed that the type of conflict mainly experienced in this organization was employee conflict, due to interpersonal clashes relating to personality differences. The employees were unanimous that conflict can have both a positive and negative effect. The interviews confirmed that the IT company makes use of negotiation and mediation to resolve workplace conflict, with the literature review providing evidence that negotiation and mediation are useful means of managing conflict between employees. However, the results from the completed questionnaires revealed that employees attempt to manage conflict by avoiding the conflict, which could be due to employees having limited awareness of the organization’s procedures to address conflict. This study can therefore potentially be beneficial to organizations and assist the latter in developing conflict management skills and practices, which can enhance organizational performance, productivity and employee retention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A poverty alleviation strategy of Vukuzenzele gardening project in Motherwell township
- Authors: Zitho, Andiswa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Community development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Poor -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13724 , vital:27302
- Description: Poverty is one of the issues that affects the development in our country. the strategies that are used differ from one to person to another. development is said to be measured through a lot of things but mostly through economic growth which influenced by poverty. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the strategies being used to alleviate poverty in the Motherwell township, in Port Elizabeth. The study focused mainly on Vukuzenzele gardening project, where a sample of 15 participants were purposovely selected to be part of the study. Furthermore, the aim of the study was to contribute towards community development by investigating the social issues that directly influence poverty eradication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Zitho, Andiswa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Economic development projects -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Economic development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Community development -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth Poor -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13724 , vital:27302
- Description: Poverty is one of the issues that affects the development in our country. the strategies that are used differ from one to person to another. development is said to be measured through a lot of things but mostly through economic growth which influenced by poverty. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the strategies being used to alleviate poverty in the Motherwell township, in Port Elizabeth. The study focused mainly on Vukuzenzele gardening project, where a sample of 15 participants were purposovely selected to be part of the study. Furthermore, the aim of the study was to contribute towards community development by investigating the social issues that directly influence poverty eradication.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Labour rights of fishers in Namibia
- Hamukuaya, Nghililewanga Hashali
- Authors: Hamukuaya, Nghililewanga Hashali
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- Namibia , Fishing -- law and legislation -- Namibia Employee rights -- Namibia Human rights -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30061 , vital:30815
- Description: Fishers make an important contribution to the global economy and add value to a country’s gross domestic product. Their contribution is even more important in countries such as Namibia that rely heavily on the fishing industry as a source of income. The working conditions of fishers have recently come under scrutiny as a result of poor labour standards when compared to employees ashore. A background of the working conditions of fishers is provided illustrating the unique working conditions of the fishing industry. After that the international standards, namely those of the United Nations and the International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the ILO”), are discussed and the challenges in the regulations of the condition of employment of fishers are pointed out. The ILO recently adopted the Work in Fishing Convention (hereinafter referred to as “the WIFC”) in 2007, which is the primary instrument applicable to fishers’ conditions of employment. Namibia has not ratified the Convention and, as a result, it has no legal obligation to comply with the standards it sets. The international standards were tested against the national legislation of Namibia. This was done to determine the extent of Namibia’s compliance with those standards. The dissertation revealed that, if Namibia were to immediately ratify the Convention it would not conform with the standards and, as a result, would be in breach of its international obligation. The dissertation takes a step further by comparing the approach taken in regulating the conditions of employment in Namibia to the approach taken in South Africa. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the lessons Namibia can learn, if any, to improve the regulation of the condition of employment for its fishers. The dissertation 7 reveals that there are lessons Namibia can learn from South Africa to improve the conditions of employment of the fishers. These lessons relate to introducing a bargaining council and, where necessary, statutory councils for the fishing industry. The introduction of a bargaining council and statutory councils would give organisations such as trade unions more power to negotiate a general standard across multiple sectors within the fishing industry. The standards that are negotiating could incorporate the standards provided in the WIFC even though Namibia has not ratified the convention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Hamukuaya, Nghililewanga Hashali
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Labor laws and legislation -- Namibia , Fishing -- law and legislation -- Namibia Employee rights -- Namibia Human rights -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/30061 , vital:30815
- Description: Fishers make an important contribution to the global economy and add value to a country’s gross domestic product. Their contribution is even more important in countries such as Namibia that rely heavily on the fishing industry as a source of income. The working conditions of fishers have recently come under scrutiny as a result of poor labour standards when compared to employees ashore. A background of the working conditions of fishers is provided illustrating the unique working conditions of the fishing industry. After that the international standards, namely those of the United Nations and the International Labour Organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the ILO”), are discussed and the challenges in the regulations of the condition of employment of fishers are pointed out. The ILO recently adopted the Work in Fishing Convention (hereinafter referred to as “the WIFC”) in 2007, which is the primary instrument applicable to fishers’ conditions of employment. Namibia has not ratified the Convention and, as a result, it has no legal obligation to comply with the standards it sets. The international standards were tested against the national legislation of Namibia. This was done to determine the extent of Namibia’s compliance with those standards. The dissertation revealed that, if Namibia were to immediately ratify the Convention it would not conform with the standards and, as a result, would be in breach of its international obligation. The dissertation takes a step further by comparing the approach taken in regulating the conditions of employment in Namibia to the approach taken in South Africa. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the lessons Namibia can learn, if any, to improve the regulation of the condition of employment for its fishers. The dissertation 7 reveals that there are lessons Namibia can learn from South Africa to improve the conditions of employment of the fishers. These lessons relate to introducing a bargaining council and, where necessary, statutory councils for the fishing industry. The introduction of a bargaining council and statutory councils would give organisations such as trade unions more power to negotiate a general standard across multiple sectors within the fishing industry. The standards that are negotiating could incorporate the standards provided in the WIFC even though Namibia has not ratified the convention.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Mineralogy and geochemistry of permian black shales and carbonate concretions in the lower ECCA formations of the Steytlerville- Jansenville area, southern Karoo basin
- Authors: Maake, Laurentias Tebatso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Black shales -- South Africa -- Jansenville , Geochemistry Chemistry, Analytic Mineralogy -- Analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40643 , vital:36206
- Description: The Lower Permian Ecca Group formations of the Karoo Basin of South Africa have recently been identified as a target for shale gas exploration. These units, named the Prince Albert, Whitehill and Collingham formations, comprise organic-rich shales with occasional associated carbonate deposits, and siliciclastic facies. Mineralogical and geochemical investigations were conducted into carbonaceous shales and associated sedimentary rocks in the Jansenville area of the southern Karoo Basin with the ultimate aim to decipher the paleoenvironment and post-depositional conditions of these shales and their associated features such as prominent intra-formational carbonate deposits. Sediments of the main Karoo Basin were deposited from ~350 Ma to ~182 Ma, the end of sedimentation being marked by eruption of basaltic lava. This period, which began with the Dwyka continental glaciation, included tectonism of the Cape Fold Belt, the end-Permian mass extinction at ~250 Ma, and major intrusion of dolerite associated with the lavas of the Karoo Large Igneous Province. Subsequent to this, the basin experienced faulting associated with Gondwana breakup, uplift and intrusion of small volume kimberlite and melilite magmas, and erosion resulting in formation of a major escarpment. Each episode was imprinted upon the Karoo rocks and to a greater or lesser extent erases the signature of older episodes. To decipher the depositional paleoenvironment and post-depositional conditions of the black shales and the dolomite concretions posed a challenge due to deformation, orogeny, metamorphism, and weathering and erosion. Therefore, deep borehole core-logging and sampling was generally preferred over surface fieldwork, and trace elements backed up by scanning electron microscopy-based petrography was the method most relied upon to decipher the redox conditions of the black shales and the intra-formational carbonates. Relevant sections from three SOEKOR boreholes SP1/69, AB1/65 and QU1/65 were logged and carbonate concretions localities studied in four field locations. Samples collected from the core and field localities were prepared for thin section optical, SEM petrographical analysis, mineral identification, modal estimation by XRD, major, and trace element analysis by XRF and Laser Ablation-ICPMS, and acid leaching of a sample subset to determine the degree of pyritization (DOP). Logging of the SOEKOR boreholes indicates that in the western part of the basin all three lower Ecca formations, namely the Prince Albert, Whitehill and Collingham, overlie the tillites of the Dwyka Group, whereas near East London only the Whitehill Formation is present. Dwyka diamictites occur in all the studied boreholes overlying the crystalline basement in AB 1/65 and QU 1/65 boreholes whereas in the SP 1/69 the tillites rest above the quartzite of Witteberg Group of the Cape Supergroup. The shale consists of discontinuous, wavy and straight parallel laminae. Parallel, discontinuous and elongate micro-lenses of very fine-grained quartz are diagnostic and suggest late-stage silicification. Thin laminae of black shale are interlaminated with grey clay. The black shales are composed of quartz and clay minerals (illite and chlorite) as the major crystalline minerals with minor quantities of sulphides and heavy minerals. Organic matter occurs as unstructured, anhedral patches of amorphous material. It contains abundant small (~10nm) and less common larger (~100 nm) pores of subsphaeroidal shape. Carbonates occur as cementation and concretions. Heavy minerals identified by SEM include detrital zircon, thorite, titanite, authigenic fluorite, galena, sphene, and sphalerite and apatite, monazite and epidote-group minerals that appear to be of later stage metamorphic origin, some a product of hydrothermal feldspar alteration. Zircon and monazite show evidence of partial corrosion and/or new overgrowth. Titanite occurs in greater abundance in the SP1/69 section than other boreholes, where it exhibits a porphyroblastic texture suggesting secondary growth. These features all suggest modification of detrital minerals by metamorphic fluids and therefore some possible modification of bulk geochemical composition. Pyrite is abundant, commonly occurring as framboidal and occasional euhedral grains. Pyrite-bearing, calcite veins are common in the Whitehill Formation. Some pyrite is metamorphosed to pyrrhotite in the shales adjacent to dolerite intrusions. The carbonate deposits in the lower Ecca occur mostly as large concretions of 0.5-2.5 m in diameter at intensely faulted areas, and as laterally continuous beds at less intensely faulted areas. They consist of dominant dolomite with calcite (differentiated by thin section staining) and minor associated quartz veins, and appear to have formed in an early diagenetic stage of the black shale. Five different dolomite-rock textures were identified indicating varying crystal growth conditions. Calcite cementation types accompany these dolomite textures. The major types include mosaic, sparry and bladed/prismatic calcite cement. Calcite occurs mainly as cement in pores and grain replacement, as well as crudely radial septerian veins. XRD indicates that the carbonate concretions are made up of more than 90% dolomite, especially within the intensely folded areas. The remaining 10% consist of post-depositional quartz veins and secondary calcite associated with the quartz veins. In one locality (VAAL) the carbonate samples are dominates by bladed/prismatic calcite. The black shales in this study have similar geochemical signature to previously analysed samples from the Karoo Basin and to black shales worldwide. The geochemical signature results from the combined input of detrital sedimentary materials as well as enrichment or depletions acquired from pore water, biological activity and during diagenesis. Positive correlation of K2O, Na2O with Al2O3 suggests control by the detrital contribution. CaO and P2O5, have a negative correlation with Al2O3 suggesting a biogenic source. Elemental ratios suggest that the sediments derive from felsic source rock, most likely Cape Supergroup and underlying crystalline basement. These shales exhibit different degrees of trace-element enrichment relative to global average shale, the approximate order being Pb> V> Zn> Cr> Cu> Co > Ni. Assessment of selected trace elements, V/(V+Ni), V/Cr, Ni/Co and EF Mn ratios describes the paleoenvironment of these sediments to have been partially oxygenated before sulphate reduction interface. The pyrite size distribution, DOP, Fe and S correlation points to an organic matter limited environment, where the main sulphur sink is pyrite rather than organic matter. The DOP and Fe/Al indicated that the sediments became anoxic at the sediment-water interface (early diagenetic stages). V/Cr assessment of the dolomite concretions suggested partially oxygenated environment corresponding to the black shale deposition. The occurrence of concretions at the base of the Whitehill Formation, which has the highest TOC content of 14% compared to other associated formations, is evidence that organic matter preservation was important to their origins. The parameters used here to assess the redox conditions of the black shales and the dolomite concretions in this region of the Karoo Basin suggest a normal marine redox environment, rather than the anoxic Black Sea-type environment. The conditions that affected the lower Ecca formations varied from semi-oxygenated to oxygen depletion environment. The oxygen depletion environment occurred during the deposition of the Whitehill Formation of which organic matter preservation was favoured..
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Maake, Laurentias Tebatso
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Black shales -- South Africa -- Jansenville , Geochemistry Chemistry, Analytic Mineralogy -- Analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40643 , vital:36206
- Description: The Lower Permian Ecca Group formations of the Karoo Basin of South Africa have recently been identified as a target for shale gas exploration. These units, named the Prince Albert, Whitehill and Collingham formations, comprise organic-rich shales with occasional associated carbonate deposits, and siliciclastic facies. Mineralogical and geochemical investigations were conducted into carbonaceous shales and associated sedimentary rocks in the Jansenville area of the southern Karoo Basin with the ultimate aim to decipher the paleoenvironment and post-depositional conditions of these shales and their associated features such as prominent intra-formational carbonate deposits. Sediments of the main Karoo Basin were deposited from ~350 Ma to ~182 Ma, the end of sedimentation being marked by eruption of basaltic lava. This period, which began with the Dwyka continental glaciation, included tectonism of the Cape Fold Belt, the end-Permian mass extinction at ~250 Ma, and major intrusion of dolerite associated with the lavas of the Karoo Large Igneous Province. Subsequent to this, the basin experienced faulting associated with Gondwana breakup, uplift and intrusion of small volume kimberlite and melilite magmas, and erosion resulting in formation of a major escarpment. Each episode was imprinted upon the Karoo rocks and to a greater or lesser extent erases the signature of older episodes. To decipher the depositional paleoenvironment and post-depositional conditions of the black shales and the dolomite concretions posed a challenge due to deformation, orogeny, metamorphism, and weathering and erosion. Therefore, deep borehole core-logging and sampling was generally preferred over surface fieldwork, and trace elements backed up by scanning electron microscopy-based petrography was the method most relied upon to decipher the redox conditions of the black shales and the intra-formational carbonates. Relevant sections from three SOEKOR boreholes SP1/69, AB1/65 and QU1/65 were logged and carbonate concretions localities studied in four field locations. Samples collected from the core and field localities were prepared for thin section optical, SEM petrographical analysis, mineral identification, modal estimation by XRD, major, and trace element analysis by XRF and Laser Ablation-ICPMS, and acid leaching of a sample subset to determine the degree of pyritization (DOP). Logging of the SOEKOR boreholes indicates that in the western part of the basin all three lower Ecca formations, namely the Prince Albert, Whitehill and Collingham, overlie the tillites of the Dwyka Group, whereas near East London only the Whitehill Formation is present. Dwyka diamictites occur in all the studied boreholes overlying the crystalline basement in AB 1/65 and QU 1/65 boreholes whereas in the SP 1/69 the tillites rest above the quartzite of Witteberg Group of the Cape Supergroup. The shale consists of discontinuous, wavy and straight parallel laminae. Parallel, discontinuous and elongate micro-lenses of very fine-grained quartz are diagnostic and suggest late-stage silicification. Thin laminae of black shale are interlaminated with grey clay. The black shales are composed of quartz and clay minerals (illite and chlorite) as the major crystalline minerals with minor quantities of sulphides and heavy minerals. Organic matter occurs as unstructured, anhedral patches of amorphous material. It contains abundant small (~10nm) and less common larger (~100 nm) pores of subsphaeroidal shape. Carbonates occur as cementation and concretions. Heavy minerals identified by SEM include detrital zircon, thorite, titanite, authigenic fluorite, galena, sphene, and sphalerite and apatite, monazite and epidote-group minerals that appear to be of later stage metamorphic origin, some a product of hydrothermal feldspar alteration. Zircon and monazite show evidence of partial corrosion and/or new overgrowth. Titanite occurs in greater abundance in the SP1/69 section than other boreholes, where it exhibits a porphyroblastic texture suggesting secondary growth. These features all suggest modification of detrital minerals by metamorphic fluids and therefore some possible modification of bulk geochemical composition. Pyrite is abundant, commonly occurring as framboidal and occasional euhedral grains. Pyrite-bearing, calcite veins are common in the Whitehill Formation. Some pyrite is metamorphosed to pyrrhotite in the shales adjacent to dolerite intrusions. The carbonate deposits in the lower Ecca occur mostly as large concretions of 0.5-2.5 m in diameter at intensely faulted areas, and as laterally continuous beds at less intensely faulted areas. They consist of dominant dolomite with calcite (differentiated by thin section staining) and minor associated quartz veins, and appear to have formed in an early diagenetic stage of the black shale. Five different dolomite-rock textures were identified indicating varying crystal growth conditions. Calcite cementation types accompany these dolomite textures. The major types include mosaic, sparry and bladed/prismatic calcite cement. Calcite occurs mainly as cement in pores and grain replacement, as well as crudely radial septerian veins. XRD indicates that the carbonate concretions are made up of more than 90% dolomite, especially within the intensely folded areas. The remaining 10% consist of post-depositional quartz veins and secondary calcite associated with the quartz veins. In one locality (VAAL) the carbonate samples are dominates by bladed/prismatic calcite. The black shales in this study have similar geochemical signature to previously analysed samples from the Karoo Basin and to black shales worldwide. The geochemical signature results from the combined input of detrital sedimentary materials as well as enrichment or depletions acquired from pore water, biological activity and during diagenesis. Positive correlation of K2O, Na2O with Al2O3 suggests control by the detrital contribution. CaO and P2O5, have a negative correlation with Al2O3 suggesting a biogenic source. Elemental ratios suggest that the sediments derive from felsic source rock, most likely Cape Supergroup and underlying crystalline basement. These shales exhibit different degrees of trace-element enrichment relative to global average shale, the approximate order being Pb> V> Zn> Cr> Cu> Co > Ni. Assessment of selected trace elements, V/(V+Ni), V/Cr, Ni/Co and EF Mn ratios describes the paleoenvironment of these sediments to have been partially oxygenated before sulphate reduction interface. The pyrite size distribution, DOP, Fe and S correlation points to an organic matter limited environment, where the main sulphur sink is pyrite rather than organic matter. The DOP and Fe/Al indicated that the sediments became anoxic at the sediment-water interface (early diagenetic stages). V/Cr assessment of the dolomite concretions suggested partially oxygenated environment corresponding to the black shale deposition. The occurrence of concretions at the base of the Whitehill Formation, which has the highest TOC content of 14% compared to other associated formations, is evidence that organic matter preservation was important to their origins. The parameters used here to assess the redox conditions of the black shales and the dolomite concretions in this region of the Karoo Basin suggest a normal marine redox environment, rather than the anoxic Black Sea-type environment. The conditions that affected the lower Ecca formations varied from semi-oxygenated to oxygen depletion environment. The oxygen depletion environment occurred during the deposition of the Whitehill Formation of which organic matter preservation was favoured..
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
A strategy to promote awareness and adherence to information security policy at Capricorn District Municipality
- Authors: Mamabolo, Mokgadi Hellen
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Computer security -- Management , Data protection -- Management Computer security Computer networks -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40867 , vital:36245
- Description: The purpose of this research was to investigate the reasons for non-adherence to the ISP and to measure the current level of adherence to the ISP. The research revealed that non adherence to the ISP is caused by lack of training or awareness, and through non-communication of the ISP to employees. The study was conducted at Capricorn District Municipality, Polokwane Local Municipality, Molemole Local Municipality and Blouberg Local Municipality. A web-based questionnaire (QuestionPro) was developed and it was directed to every official who uses or interacts with municipal information, to quantify the level of adherence to ISP by employees. An email with the questionnaire link administered by www.questionpro.com was then sent to the population of 152 employees. Presently ISP adherence is one of the key concerns that are faced by organisations. Employees are perceived as one of the reasons that there are security breaches within organisations; hence, it is of paramount importance that these security breaches are noticed, as well as technical matters. Most researchers have reasoned that non-adherence to ISP is one of the major challenges faced by organisations. The non-adherence to ISP will lead to potential information security threats and unauthorised access to information that might compromise municipal business operations. The Information Security Officer together with the help of management must educate employees regarding the value of IS and why it is crucial to adhere to these policies. The proposed strategy summarises the various concepts required in the promotion of awareness and adherence to an effective ISP. Ultimately, this research study concludes that if management continually trains employees, raising awareness about ISP and monitoring their adherence to ISP, this should increase the adherence level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Mamabolo, Mokgadi Hellen
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Computer security -- Management , Data protection -- Management Computer security Computer networks -- Security measures
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40867 , vital:36245
- Description: The purpose of this research was to investigate the reasons for non-adherence to the ISP and to measure the current level of adherence to the ISP. The research revealed that non adherence to the ISP is caused by lack of training or awareness, and through non-communication of the ISP to employees. The study was conducted at Capricorn District Municipality, Polokwane Local Municipality, Molemole Local Municipality and Blouberg Local Municipality. A web-based questionnaire (QuestionPro) was developed and it was directed to every official who uses or interacts with municipal information, to quantify the level of adherence to ISP by employees. An email with the questionnaire link administered by www.questionpro.com was then sent to the population of 152 employees. Presently ISP adherence is one of the key concerns that are faced by organisations. Employees are perceived as one of the reasons that there are security breaches within organisations; hence, it is of paramount importance that these security breaches are noticed, as well as technical matters. Most researchers have reasoned that non-adherence to ISP is one of the major challenges faced by organisations. The non-adherence to ISP will lead to potential information security threats and unauthorised access to information that might compromise municipal business operations. The Information Security Officer together with the help of management must educate employees regarding the value of IS and why it is crucial to adhere to these policies. The proposed strategy summarises the various concepts required in the promotion of awareness and adherence to an effective ISP. Ultimately, this research study concludes that if management continually trains employees, raising awareness about ISP and monitoring their adherence to ISP, this should increase the adherence level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Data quality issues in electronic health records for large-scale databases
- Authors: Saiod, Abdul Kader
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Electronic Health Records , Electronic Health Records--organization & administration Database management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44940 , vital:38190
- Description: Data Quality (DQ) in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is one of the core functions that play a decisive role to improve the healthcare service quality. The DQ issues in EHRs are a noticeable trend to improve the introduction of an adaptive framework for interoperability and standards in Large-Scale Databases (LSDB) management systems. Therefore, large data communications are challenging in the traditional approaches to satisfy the needs of the consumers, as data is often not capture directly into the Database Management Systems (DBMS) in a seasonably enough fashion to enable their subsequent uses. In addition, large data plays a vital role in containing plenty of treasures for all the fields in the DBMS. EHRs technology provides portfolio management systems that allow HealthCare Organisations (HCOs) to deliver a higher quality of care to their patients than that which is possible with paper-based records. EHRs are in high demand for HCOs to run their daily services as increasing numbers of huge datasets occur every day. Efficient EHR systems reduce the data redundancy as well as the system application failure and increase the possibility to draw all necessary reports. However, one of the main challenges in developing efficient EHR systems is the inherent difficulty to coherently manage data from diverse heterogeneous sources. It is practically challenging to integrate diverse data into a global schema, which satisfies the need of users. The efficient management of HER systems using an existing DBMS present challenges because of incompatibility and sometimes inconsistency of data structures. As a result, no common methodological approach is currently in existence to effectively solve every data integration problem. The challenges of the DQ issue raised the need to find an efficient way to integrate large EHRs from diverse heterogeneous sources. To handle and align a large dataset efficiently, the hybrid algorithm method with the logical combination of Fuzzy-Ontology along with a large-scale EHRs analysis platform has shown the results in term of improved accuracy. This study investigated and addressed the raised DQ issues to interventions to overcome these barriers and challenges, including the provision of EHRs as they pertain to DQ and has combined features to search, extract, filter, clean and integrate data to ensure that users can coherently create new consistent data sets. The study researched the design of a hybrid method based on Fuzzy-Ontology with performed mathematical simulations based on the Markov Chain Probability Model. The similarity measurement based on dynamic Hungarian algorithm was followed by the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, which will increase the quality of service over HCOs in adaptive frameworks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Saiod, Abdul Kader
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Electronic Health Records , Electronic Health Records--organization & administration Database management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44940 , vital:38190
- Description: Data Quality (DQ) in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is one of the core functions that play a decisive role to improve the healthcare service quality. The DQ issues in EHRs are a noticeable trend to improve the introduction of an adaptive framework for interoperability and standards in Large-Scale Databases (LSDB) management systems. Therefore, large data communications are challenging in the traditional approaches to satisfy the needs of the consumers, as data is often not capture directly into the Database Management Systems (DBMS) in a seasonably enough fashion to enable their subsequent uses. In addition, large data plays a vital role in containing plenty of treasures for all the fields in the DBMS. EHRs technology provides portfolio management systems that allow HealthCare Organisations (HCOs) to deliver a higher quality of care to their patients than that which is possible with paper-based records. EHRs are in high demand for HCOs to run their daily services as increasing numbers of huge datasets occur every day. Efficient EHR systems reduce the data redundancy as well as the system application failure and increase the possibility to draw all necessary reports. However, one of the main challenges in developing efficient EHR systems is the inherent difficulty to coherently manage data from diverse heterogeneous sources. It is practically challenging to integrate diverse data into a global schema, which satisfies the need of users. The efficient management of HER systems using an existing DBMS present challenges because of incompatibility and sometimes inconsistency of data structures. As a result, no common methodological approach is currently in existence to effectively solve every data integration problem. The challenges of the DQ issue raised the need to find an efficient way to integrate large EHRs from diverse heterogeneous sources. To handle and align a large dataset efficiently, the hybrid algorithm method with the logical combination of Fuzzy-Ontology along with a large-scale EHRs analysis platform has shown the results in term of improved accuracy. This study investigated and addressed the raised DQ issues to interventions to overcome these barriers and challenges, including the provision of EHRs as they pertain to DQ and has combined features to search, extract, filter, clean and integrate data to ensure that users can coherently create new consistent data sets. The study researched the design of a hybrid method based on Fuzzy-Ontology with performed mathematical simulations based on the Markov Chain Probability Model. The similarity measurement based on dynamic Hungarian algorithm was followed by the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, which will increase the quality of service over HCOs in adaptive frameworks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Knowledge and knower structures in relation to reproductive and sexual health in school curricula of Kenya and South Africa
- Authors: Chemwor, Ezekiel Kiplimo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Curriculum planning -- Kenya , Curriculum planning -- South Africa Education -- Study and teaching Reproductive health -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Reproductive health -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14884 , vital:27893
- Description: This study investigates the Reproductive and Sexual Health (RSH) knowledge as recontextualised in the school curricula of Kenya and South Africa. It sets to provide a holistic view of RSH by bringing to the fore the underlying principles structuring the legitimation of RSH knowledge and knowing in both curricula. More importantly, it provides a deeper understanding of what RSH concepts have to be known and what kind of ideal learner is being projected in the two curricula. The study sets out to answer the following two research questions: How is knowledge related to RSH legitimated in the South African and Kenyan school curricula? How are knowers related to RSH legitimated in the South African and Kenyan school curricula? Being located in the Official Recontextualisation Field of Bernstein’s pedagogic device, this study uses Bernstein’s knowledge structure approach and Legitimation Code Theory: Specialisation as theoretical framework. LCT: Specialisation codes provided a means of developing external languages of description or translation devices to build a requisite analytical framework for revealing the knowledge-knower structures legitimated in the two curricula. The study employs a multi-site case study research design with RSH knowledge and knowers in school curriculum being the case, and Kenya and South Africa as the two sites in the case study. The purpose of looking at the curricula from both countries was not specifically to compare the contents of the curricula documents, but rather to enable broader consideration of the ways in which they position RSH knowledge. The study found that RSH, as an interdisciplinary concept, is faced by a tension in its knowledge-knower structure across the curriculum levels. The biological component of the RSH concepts, has a hierarchical knowledge structure with a knowledge code that exhibited a purist insight as well as a horizontal knower structure that embodied a trained gaze, while the psychological component has a horizontal knowledge structure with a hierarchical knower structure that embodied a cultivated gaze.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Chemwor, Ezekiel Kiplimo
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Curriculum planning -- Kenya , Curriculum planning -- South Africa Education -- Study and teaching Reproductive health -- Study and teaching -- Kenya Reproductive health -- Study and teaching -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14884 , vital:27893
- Description: This study investigates the Reproductive and Sexual Health (RSH) knowledge as recontextualised in the school curricula of Kenya and South Africa. It sets to provide a holistic view of RSH by bringing to the fore the underlying principles structuring the legitimation of RSH knowledge and knowing in both curricula. More importantly, it provides a deeper understanding of what RSH concepts have to be known and what kind of ideal learner is being projected in the two curricula. The study sets out to answer the following two research questions: How is knowledge related to RSH legitimated in the South African and Kenyan school curricula? How are knowers related to RSH legitimated in the South African and Kenyan school curricula? Being located in the Official Recontextualisation Field of Bernstein’s pedagogic device, this study uses Bernstein’s knowledge structure approach and Legitimation Code Theory: Specialisation as theoretical framework. LCT: Specialisation codes provided a means of developing external languages of description or translation devices to build a requisite analytical framework for revealing the knowledge-knower structures legitimated in the two curricula. The study employs a multi-site case study research design with RSH knowledge and knowers in school curriculum being the case, and Kenya and South Africa as the two sites in the case study. The purpose of looking at the curricula from both countries was not specifically to compare the contents of the curricula documents, but rather to enable broader consideration of the ways in which they position RSH knowledge. The study found that RSH, as an interdisciplinary concept, is faced by a tension in its knowledge-knower structure across the curriculum levels. The biological component of the RSH concepts, has a hierarchical knowledge structure with a knowledge code that exhibited a purist insight as well as a horizontal knower structure that embodied a trained gaze, while the psychological component has a horizontal knowledge structure with a hierarchical knower structure that embodied a cultivated gaze.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Factors that make a visit to selected Eastern Cape national parks a memorable experience
- Authors: Baldie, Carole Audrey
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Tourism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Tourism -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Customer relations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management Addo Elephant National Park (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21461 , vital:29524
- Description: South African National Parks (SANParks) manages 19 functional national parks (NPs) and oversees the conservation of South Africa’s (SA’s) biodiversity, landscapes and heritage assets. The organisation plays a significant role in the promotion of SA’s nature-based tourism business which in turn forms part of the nation’s heritage and identity. Tourism to SA’s NPs is significant and interest in visiting these parks continues to increase annually, from both international and domestic markets. Three of these NPs are located in the Eastern Cape province, namely Addo Elephant National Park (AENP), Camdeboo National Park (CNP) and Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP) and were the focus of this study. The main reason for conducting the current study was to establish what factors make visits to the three aforementioned NPs memorable. The findings of this research could be useful to all NPs and assist them in making decisions regarding the evaluation and creation of product offerings that will enhance experiences and make them memorable for tourists. Based on the findings, and because each NP is unique (for example, the different biodiversity and landscapes), the product offerings can also be made exclusive to each NP and therefore tourists can have the opportunity for different MTEs in each park. Providing product offerings that afford MTE opportunities are particularly important for NPs, as government funding is decreasing and each NP needs to generate its own funds. Tourism is presently the economic lifeline for the parks. If NPs focus on improving current products where necessary and developing new products that provide for MTEs, NPs could increase their competitive advantage. Having a competitive advantage can ensure an increase in tourism numbers and therefore the financial sustainability of the park. Data was collected on site at each of the three NPs selected for the study, using convenience sampling to select respondents. A web-based survey was also posted on the SANParks’ website. Prior to the posting of the web-based survey, SANParks conducted a simple random sampling procedure utilising a sampling frame of tourists who had previously visited the respective NPs. The selected target population emanating from simple random sampling was e-mailed the link to the SANParks website which guided respondents to the online questionnaire if they wished to take part in the survey, hence the response sample was a convenience sample. In total, 463 usable questionnaires were received. Descriptive statistics resulted from the data analysis. A frequency analysis showed the distribution of the results, while an exploratory factors analysis (EFA) was conducted to ascertain any latent factors in the data. The results of the EFA showed the presence of three latent factors which were labelled Pleasure, Social Interaction and Discovery and Enrichment. Firstly, a strong positive correlation was shown between two of the factors, namely Pleasure and Discovery and Enrichment, and secondly, a positive correlation between two other factors, namely Social Interaction and Discovery and Enrichment was indicated. A weak correlation was shown between the factors Pleasure and Social Interaction. This research has contributed to the knowledge base regarding the factors that make a visit to AENP, CNP and MZNP memorable. Future research can make use of these factors for more exhaustive research in a wider range of NPs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Baldie, Carole Audrey
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Tourism -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Tourism -- Social aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Customer relations -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management Addo Elephant National Park (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21461 , vital:29524
- Description: South African National Parks (SANParks) manages 19 functional national parks (NPs) and oversees the conservation of South Africa’s (SA’s) biodiversity, landscapes and heritage assets. The organisation plays a significant role in the promotion of SA’s nature-based tourism business which in turn forms part of the nation’s heritage and identity. Tourism to SA’s NPs is significant and interest in visiting these parks continues to increase annually, from both international and domestic markets. Three of these NPs are located in the Eastern Cape province, namely Addo Elephant National Park (AENP), Camdeboo National Park (CNP) and Mountain Zebra National Park (MZNP) and were the focus of this study. The main reason for conducting the current study was to establish what factors make visits to the three aforementioned NPs memorable. The findings of this research could be useful to all NPs and assist them in making decisions regarding the evaluation and creation of product offerings that will enhance experiences and make them memorable for tourists. Based on the findings, and because each NP is unique (for example, the different biodiversity and landscapes), the product offerings can also be made exclusive to each NP and therefore tourists can have the opportunity for different MTEs in each park. Providing product offerings that afford MTE opportunities are particularly important for NPs, as government funding is decreasing and each NP needs to generate its own funds. Tourism is presently the economic lifeline for the parks. If NPs focus on improving current products where necessary and developing new products that provide for MTEs, NPs could increase their competitive advantage. Having a competitive advantage can ensure an increase in tourism numbers and therefore the financial sustainability of the park. Data was collected on site at each of the three NPs selected for the study, using convenience sampling to select respondents. A web-based survey was also posted on the SANParks’ website. Prior to the posting of the web-based survey, SANParks conducted a simple random sampling procedure utilising a sampling frame of tourists who had previously visited the respective NPs. The selected target population emanating from simple random sampling was e-mailed the link to the SANParks website which guided respondents to the online questionnaire if they wished to take part in the survey, hence the response sample was a convenience sample. In total, 463 usable questionnaires were received. Descriptive statistics resulted from the data analysis. A frequency analysis showed the distribution of the results, while an exploratory factors analysis (EFA) was conducted to ascertain any latent factors in the data. The results of the EFA showed the presence of three latent factors which were labelled Pleasure, Social Interaction and Discovery and Enrichment. Firstly, a strong positive correlation was shown between two of the factors, namely Pleasure and Discovery and Enrichment, and secondly, a positive correlation between two other factors, namely Social Interaction and Discovery and Enrichment was indicated. A weak correlation was shown between the factors Pleasure and Social Interaction. This research has contributed to the knowledge base regarding the factors that make a visit to AENP, CNP and MZNP memorable. Future research can make use of these factors for more exhaustive research in a wider range of NPs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
An analysis of factors affecting media freedom at the South African Broadcasting Corporation
- Authors: Mawandu, Charity Lufuno
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Mass media – Censorship – South Africa , Freedom of the press --South Africa – History
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59337 , vital:62065
- Description: This research sought to analyse factors that affect media freedom at the South African Broadcasting Corporation using a descriptive research design and qualitative research methodology. Studies and media reports show that the South African Broadcasting Corporation is facing a myriad of challenges including woes related to media freedom hampering its mandate to inform, educate and entertain the public of South Africa. There is a dearth of studies conducted to understand the media freedom challenges at the South African Broadcasting Corporation. A qualitative approach was used in data collection, and in-depth interviews were utilised as instruments to collect data from participants. Non-probability sampling in particular purposive sampling method was used to select 4 directors, 4 editors and 4 journalists at the South African Broadcasting Corporation. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings show that challenges facing the South African Broadcasting Corporation include poor legal environment as the broadcaster lacks support from government to implement effective policies to protect employees and create a media freedom environment to allow workers to carry out their work independently. The study found that the political environment in the South African Broadcasting Corporation at affects media freedom. Some political 0rganisations, influential individuals and entities are meddling in the operation of the broadcaster by trying to influence the narrative of the content broadcasted. The finding revealed that economic environment at the broadcaster is affects media freedom. The broadcaster is struggling financially resulting in poor income for employees, retrenchments, and inability to run approved programmes. In the context of constitution and policies, there is need for the South African Broadcasting Corporation to develop strategies that will specifically address both internal and external political, economic, and legal challenges it is facing if it is to be a high performing, financially sustainable, digitised national public broadcaster that provides compelling, informative, educational, and entertaining content via all platforms. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities , School of language Media and Communications, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
- Authors: Mawandu, Charity Lufuno
- Date: 2022-12
- Subjects: Mass media – Censorship – South Africa , Freedom of the press --South Africa – History
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59337 , vital:62065
- Description: This research sought to analyse factors that affect media freedom at the South African Broadcasting Corporation using a descriptive research design and qualitative research methodology. Studies and media reports show that the South African Broadcasting Corporation is facing a myriad of challenges including woes related to media freedom hampering its mandate to inform, educate and entertain the public of South Africa. There is a dearth of studies conducted to understand the media freedom challenges at the South African Broadcasting Corporation. A qualitative approach was used in data collection, and in-depth interviews were utilised as instruments to collect data from participants. Non-probability sampling in particular purposive sampling method was used to select 4 directors, 4 editors and 4 journalists at the South African Broadcasting Corporation. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings show that challenges facing the South African Broadcasting Corporation include poor legal environment as the broadcaster lacks support from government to implement effective policies to protect employees and create a media freedom environment to allow workers to carry out their work independently. The study found that the political environment in the South African Broadcasting Corporation at affects media freedom. Some political 0rganisations, influential individuals and entities are meddling in the operation of the broadcaster by trying to influence the narrative of the content broadcasted. The finding revealed that economic environment at the broadcaster is affects media freedom. The broadcaster is struggling financially resulting in poor income for employees, retrenchments, and inability to run approved programmes. In the context of constitution and policies, there is need for the South African Broadcasting Corporation to develop strategies that will specifically address both internal and external political, economic, and legal challenges it is facing if it is to be a high performing, financially sustainable, digitised national public broadcaster that provides compelling, informative, educational, and entertaining content via all platforms. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities , School of language Media and Communications, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-12
Variation in forage quality in subtropical thicket
- Nyembe, Khulisile Jacqueline
- Authors: Nyembe, Khulisile Jacqueline
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Biodiversity -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52088 , vital:43440
- Description: Several studies have assumed that the plant communities of the Subtropical Thicket biome are nutritious throughout the year. This is based on the observation that they are evergreen, palatable and grow on fertile soils; however this assumption has not been tested. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess forage quality variation in the Subtropical Thicket. This was done at three levels; first we measured the plant quality of dominant plant species in the diets of Thicket herbivores. Secondly, we measured the realised diet quality of Thicket herbivores through the analysis of faecal samples. Lastly we assessed the body condition of Thicket herbivores. The study was conducted at the Colchester (plant quality and diet quality) and Addo Main Camp (body condition assessment) sections of Addo Elephant National Park. To measure the food quality of Thicket plants we analysed 10 plants that are dominant in the diets of Thicket herbivores. To measure diet quality we collected faecal samples from ten herbivores with body mass ranging from 25 kg to 6000 kg. Plant quality results showed that only 30% of the sampled plants met the high energy goat diet protein requirements and that all the sampled plants did not meet the high energy goat diet fibre requirements. This indicates that Thicket plants are not as highly nutritious as they were thought to be. The principle components analysis together with overlapping confidence intervals showed that there was no significant difference between the summer plant samples and the winter plant samples. The faecal quality results showed that there was significant seasonal difference and that faecal diet quality was a function of body size. The body condition results showed that all the sampled herbivores lost condition in the cold dry months. The evidence from faecal diet quality and body condition assessment is sufficient for us to reject the assumption that Thicket forage is consistently nutritious throughout the year. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Nyembe, Khulisile Jacqueline
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Biodiversity -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52088 , vital:43440
- Description: Several studies have assumed that the plant communities of the Subtropical Thicket biome are nutritious throughout the year. This is based on the observation that they are evergreen, palatable and grow on fertile soils; however this assumption has not been tested. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess forage quality variation in the Subtropical Thicket. This was done at three levels; first we measured the plant quality of dominant plant species in the diets of Thicket herbivores. Secondly, we measured the realised diet quality of Thicket herbivores through the analysis of faecal samples. Lastly we assessed the body condition of Thicket herbivores. The study was conducted at the Colchester (plant quality and diet quality) and Addo Main Camp (body condition assessment) sections of Addo Elephant National Park. To measure the food quality of Thicket plants we analysed 10 plants that are dominant in the diets of Thicket herbivores. To measure diet quality we collected faecal samples from ten herbivores with body mass ranging from 25 kg to 6000 kg. Plant quality results showed that only 30% of the sampled plants met the high energy goat diet protein requirements and that all the sampled plants did not meet the high energy goat diet fibre requirements. This indicates that Thicket plants are not as highly nutritious as they were thought to be. The principle components analysis together with overlapping confidence intervals showed that there was no significant difference between the summer plant samples and the winter plant samples. The faecal quality results showed that there was significant seasonal difference and that faecal diet quality was a function of body size. The body condition results showed that all the sampled herbivores lost condition in the cold dry months. The evidence from faecal diet quality and body condition assessment is sufficient for us to reject the assumption that Thicket forage is consistently nutritious throughout the year. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Plastic particle characterization and concentrations found in the river and marine water environment of Algoa Bay, South Africa
- Authors: Moss, Kerry-Leigh
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53874 , vital:46025
- Description: Only 12% of the world's published plastic research includes references to Africa despite it being a significant contributor to the global plastic waste and mismanagement problem (~88.5% of Africa's plastic waste is mismanaged). Ocean plastics are transported from land by rivers to the sea. However, source contextualization is complex. Many African rivers predominantly run alongside human settlements that host informal waste dumpsites. In this study a simple cost effective, easily deployed, consistent and replicable survey methodology was employed. The study quantified macro plastic in three rivers discharging into Algoa Bay, South Africa. The results indicated that industrial Swartkops and metropolitan Baakens Rivers both illustrate moderate plastic pollution (>3000 plastic particles/day), with the relatively natural Sundays River to showing minimal evidence of river macroplastic (<100 plastic particles/day). The types of plastic were noted using the RIMMEL app (premier African implementation), enabling proportional comparison of different plastic litter types to be completed. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Oceanography Department,2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Moss, Kerry-Leigh
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/53874 , vital:46025
- Description: Only 12% of the world's published plastic research includes references to Africa despite it being a significant contributor to the global plastic waste and mismanagement problem (~88.5% of Africa's plastic waste is mismanaged). Ocean plastics are transported from land by rivers to the sea. However, source contextualization is complex. Many African rivers predominantly run alongside human settlements that host informal waste dumpsites. In this study a simple cost effective, easily deployed, consistent and replicable survey methodology was employed. The study quantified macro plastic in three rivers discharging into Algoa Bay, South Africa. The results indicated that industrial Swartkops and metropolitan Baakens Rivers both illustrate moderate plastic pollution (>3000 plastic particles/day), with the relatively natural Sundays River to showing minimal evidence of river macroplastic (<100 plastic particles/day). The types of plastic were noted using the RIMMEL app (premier African implementation), enabling proportional comparison of different plastic litter types to be completed. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Oceanography Department,2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
The use of Police force in crowd management
- Authors: Moses, Andrew Paul
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Law enforcement , Crowd control
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60660 , vital:66302
- Description: South Africa has a violent and oppressive past. They are various historical incidents1 of extreme cruelty perpetrated by the previous apartheid regime. Much of the modern South African democratic state was forged by protests. During the 1970s and 80s, the legislator by passing unjust laws was used to assist the government to maintain the oppression of the people of South Africa. From the Soweto uprising in the 1970s to the current service delivery protests of the 21st century, gatherings have always had the potential for deadly violence. The motivation for this research started with the emotions evoked by the iconic picture of the body of Hector Pietersen2 being carried after being shot by the police. Strikingly the images of the killing by the police of Andries Tatane conjured further questions concerning the use of deadly force within crowd management situations. The research undertook an analysis of the use of force by the police during crowd management situations. A brief analysis of South African law relating to the use of force by the police prior to 1996 is provided. There are legislative prescripts for the use of force during the maintenance of public order. It must be noted that the legislation falls short on providing clear, concise authority for the use of deadly force. Normally, the use of force by the police and civilians for the purpose of arrest is regulated by the Criminal Procedure Act3 , whereas the Regulation of Gatherings Act4 providing the authority for the use of force by the police in crowd management situations to preserve public order. At first glance, section 49 of the CPA seems to validate arguments that it violates some constitutionally protected rights, among which are the right to dignity, life, to freedom and security of the person, against cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and to a fair trial, which includes the right to be presumed innocent. Section 49 however, withstood Constitutional muster as set out in Re: S v Walters & another. As the right to life is a non derogable right.5 The limitation of this right may lead to constitutional scrutiny. The emphasis will thus be on ensuring that the balance with regards to proportionality in the use of deadly force is maintained. During the research it became apparent that the police, especially during crowd management situations, served political interests.6 This had the unintended consequence that the laws were applied to suit the political narrative and not the rule of law. The use of force in the policing arena is controversial. It is very clear that any misuse of force in crowd management situations will evoke the historical wounds associated with apartheid. However, within crowd management, the use of force and the authority to use deadly force is absolutely necessary. The Marikana massacre was used to highlight the mistakes that police have made during inappropriate use of force and its catastrophic consequences.7 It was observed that the legislative framework concerning the use of force, whether under section 49 of the CPA or section 9 of the RGA, is incoherent and too complex. The research argues for simplicity and accuracy within policy and applicable legislative alignment. The linkages from the applicable legislation to the institutional policies should never be outdated or incorrectly formulated. The violent rhetoric from politicians such as ex-president Jacob Zuma, 8 Minister Fikile Mbalula 9 and Bheki Cele10 fuels the argument that the police are susceptible to misdirected notions and may cause the police act unlawfully. The Constitution requires the police to “enforce the law”11 and as such there is an obligation on the police to do this within the constitutional parameters. The correct use of deadly force will only be achieved if the SAPS adequately resource, train and regularly refresh their members regarding the use of force when policing protests. , Thesis (LLM -- Faculty of Law, School of Criminal and Procedural Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Moses, Andrew Paul
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Law enforcement , Crowd control
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60660 , vital:66302
- Description: South Africa has a violent and oppressive past. They are various historical incidents1 of extreme cruelty perpetrated by the previous apartheid regime. Much of the modern South African democratic state was forged by protests. During the 1970s and 80s, the legislator by passing unjust laws was used to assist the government to maintain the oppression of the people of South Africa. From the Soweto uprising in the 1970s to the current service delivery protests of the 21st century, gatherings have always had the potential for deadly violence. The motivation for this research started with the emotions evoked by the iconic picture of the body of Hector Pietersen2 being carried after being shot by the police. Strikingly the images of the killing by the police of Andries Tatane conjured further questions concerning the use of deadly force within crowd management situations. The research undertook an analysis of the use of force by the police during crowd management situations. A brief analysis of South African law relating to the use of force by the police prior to 1996 is provided. There are legislative prescripts for the use of force during the maintenance of public order. It must be noted that the legislation falls short on providing clear, concise authority for the use of deadly force. Normally, the use of force by the police and civilians for the purpose of arrest is regulated by the Criminal Procedure Act3 , whereas the Regulation of Gatherings Act4 providing the authority for the use of force by the police in crowd management situations to preserve public order. At first glance, section 49 of the CPA seems to validate arguments that it violates some constitutionally protected rights, among which are the right to dignity, life, to freedom and security of the person, against cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and to a fair trial, which includes the right to be presumed innocent. Section 49 however, withstood Constitutional muster as set out in Re: S v Walters & another. As the right to life is a non derogable right.5 The limitation of this right may lead to constitutional scrutiny. The emphasis will thus be on ensuring that the balance with regards to proportionality in the use of deadly force is maintained. During the research it became apparent that the police, especially during crowd management situations, served political interests.6 This had the unintended consequence that the laws were applied to suit the political narrative and not the rule of law. The use of force in the policing arena is controversial. It is very clear that any misuse of force in crowd management situations will evoke the historical wounds associated with apartheid. However, within crowd management, the use of force and the authority to use deadly force is absolutely necessary. The Marikana massacre was used to highlight the mistakes that police have made during inappropriate use of force and its catastrophic consequences.7 It was observed that the legislative framework concerning the use of force, whether under section 49 of the CPA or section 9 of the RGA, is incoherent and too complex. The research argues for simplicity and accuracy within policy and applicable legislative alignment. The linkages from the applicable legislation to the institutional policies should never be outdated or incorrectly formulated. The violent rhetoric from politicians such as ex-president Jacob Zuma, 8 Minister Fikile Mbalula 9 and Bheki Cele10 fuels the argument that the police are susceptible to misdirected notions and may cause the police act unlawfully. The Constitution requires the police to “enforce the law”11 and as such there is an obligation on the police to do this within the constitutional parameters. The correct use of deadly force will only be achieved if the SAPS adequately resource, train and regularly refresh their members regarding the use of force when policing protests. , Thesis (LLM -- Faculty of Law, School of Criminal and Procedural Law, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
An evaluation of performance management and development system: South African social security agency, Eastern Cape regional office
- Authors: Ndamase, Nkuthalo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Performance -- Management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Employee motivation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Organizational commitment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41763 , vital:36579
- Description: The main aim and objective of the study was to conduct an evaluation of Performance Management and Development System with reference to South African Social Security Agency Eastern Cape Regional Office. In order to achieve the objective, the study applied stratified random sampling to draw a sample of 44 participants and 4 key informants representing the four PMDS Moderation Branch Committees. The study utilized questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as data collection instruments. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics in terms of frequencies and percentages of occurrences. Data was also analyzed using thematic content analysis and a number of themes were identified. The main findings of the study, were that there was alignment of individual key performance areas to their unit’s Operational Plan and ultimately to goals and objectives of the Agency. There was lack of performance feedback sessions between supervisor and supervisee, which resulted in training of employees not being conducted. PMDS Moderation Committee members were not equipped in terms of how to assess employee performance. The main recommendation of the study is for the Human Capital Development unit as custodians of the implementation of PMDS, to conduct regular workshops on the application of the PMDS Policy for the employees as well as training of the PMDS Moderation Committee members. This would be done in an effort to ensure that the implementation of PMDS leads to the achievement of the goals and objectives of the Agency. The implementation of the PMDS Policy at SASSA Eastern Cape Regional Office has the potential to contribute to improved service delivery and by implication, the improvement of the quality of life of the millions of the recipients of social grant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Ndamase, Nkuthalo
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Performance -- Management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Employee motivation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Organizational commitment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41763 , vital:36579
- Description: The main aim and objective of the study was to conduct an evaluation of Performance Management and Development System with reference to South African Social Security Agency Eastern Cape Regional Office. In order to achieve the objective, the study applied stratified random sampling to draw a sample of 44 participants and 4 key informants representing the four PMDS Moderation Branch Committees. The study utilized questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as data collection instruments. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics in terms of frequencies and percentages of occurrences. Data was also analyzed using thematic content analysis and a number of themes were identified. The main findings of the study, were that there was alignment of individual key performance areas to their unit’s Operational Plan and ultimately to goals and objectives of the Agency. There was lack of performance feedback sessions between supervisor and supervisee, which resulted in training of employees not being conducted. PMDS Moderation Committee members were not equipped in terms of how to assess employee performance. The main recommendation of the study is for the Human Capital Development unit as custodians of the implementation of PMDS, to conduct regular workshops on the application of the PMDS Policy for the employees as well as training of the PMDS Moderation Committee members. This would be done in an effort to ensure that the implementation of PMDS leads to the achievement of the goals and objectives of the Agency. The implementation of the PMDS Policy at SASSA Eastern Cape Regional Office has the potential to contribute to improved service delivery and by implication, the improvement of the quality of life of the millions of the recipients of social grant.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Development of high capacity lithium-manganese-rich cathode materials xLi2MnO3•(1-x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 for lithium ion batteries
- Authors: Rapulenyane, Nomasonto
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Lithium ion batteries , Electrochemistry Lithium cells
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/34766 , vital:33442
- Description: In this study, a facile synthesis method was developed to produce layered-layered cathode materials with the formula xLi2MnO3•(1-x)LiMO2 (M= Ni and Mn) referred to as lithium-manganese-rich materials for lithium ion batteries. The prepared materials displayed high capacity ≥200 mAh/g at a current density of 20 mA/g in the voltage range of 2.0 V to 4.8 V. In particular the cathode material prepared at pH 10.0 delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 266 mAh/g at 20 mA/g current density and maintained a discharge capacity ≥220 mAh/g at 50 mA/g after 50 cycles. The synthesis method was used to further investigate the effect of lithium ratio in the layered-layered material. Li1+xMn0.6Ni0.2O2, x= 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4 cathode materials were produced respectively. The BET surface area analysis results showed that Li1.3Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 material had comparatively higher surface area to the other cathode materials and also delivered good electrochemical results. XPS showed that the cation distribution is affected by the increase in lithium ratio, the Mn4+ percentages decreased significantly with an increase in lithium ratio. All materials peaks deconvoluted into two peaks namely Mn4+ and Mn3+, Li1.3Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 had the highest percentages of the stable Mn4+ 70.8%. Further investigation focused on the effect of the sintering temperature on the structure and the electrochemical performance of Li1+xMn0.6Ni0.2O2, x= 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4 cathode materials. X-ray diffraction showed the same patterns for all cathode materials sintered at 700˚C, 800˚C and 900˚C. Rietveld refined results however, showed that the increase in the sintering temperature, results in a decrease in the Li2MnO3 component percentage in the layered structures. Scanning electron microscopy images further proved that the particle size increases with increasing temperature. The charge–discharge tests of coin cells demonstrated that the materials sintered at 800˚C delivered higher discharge capacities above 200 mAh/g at 20 mA/g current density when compared to the materials made at the lower temperatures. Lastly the cathode material prepared at pH 10.0 was further evaluated in a cell using lithium titanate oxide Li4Ti5O12 as anode material. The cells delivered an initial discharge capacity of 213 mAh/g at 20 mA/g within a voltage range 3.3V-0.5V. The coin cells developed in this work delivered good cycling performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Rapulenyane, Nomasonto
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Lithium ion batteries , Electrochemistry Lithium cells
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/34766 , vital:33442
- Description: In this study, a facile synthesis method was developed to produce layered-layered cathode materials with the formula xLi2MnO3•(1-x)LiMO2 (M= Ni and Mn) referred to as lithium-manganese-rich materials for lithium ion batteries. The prepared materials displayed high capacity ≥200 mAh/g at a current density of 20 mA/g in the voltage range of 2.0 V to 4.8 V. In particular the cathode material prepared at pH 10.0 delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 266 mAh/g at 20 mA/g current density and maintained a discharge capacity ≥220 mAh/g at 50 mA/g after 50 cycles. The synthesis method was used to further investigate the effect of lithium ratio in the layered-layered material. Li1+xMn0.6Ni0.2O2, x= 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4 cathode materials were produced respectively. The BET surface area analysis results showed that Li1.3Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 material had comparatively higher surface area to the other cathode materials and also delivered good electrochemical results. XPS showed that the cation distribution is affected by the increase in lithium ratio, the Mn4+ percentages decreased significantly with an increase in lithium ratio. All materials peaks deconvoluted into two peaks namely Mn4+ and Mn3+, Li1.3Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 had the highest percentages of the stable Mn4+ 70.8%. Further investigation focused on the effect of the sintering temperature on the structure and the electrochemical performance of Li1+xMn0.6Ni0.2O2, x= 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4 cathode materials. X-ray diffraction showed the same patterns for all cathode materials sintered at 700˚C, 800˚C and 900˚C. Rietveld refined results however, showed that the increase in the sintering temperature, results in a decrease in the Li2MnO3 component percentage in the layered structures. Scanning electron microscopy images further proved that the particle size increases with increasing temperature. The charge–discharge tests of coin cells demonstrated that the materials sintered at 800˚C delivered higher discharge capacities above 200 mAh/g at 20 mA/g current density when compared to the materials made at the lower temperatures. Lastly the cathode material prepared at pH 10.0 was further evaluated in a cell using lithium titanate oxide Li4Ti5O12 as anode material. The cells delivered an initial discharge capacity of 213 mAh/g at 20 mA/g within a voltage range 3.3V-0.5V. The coin cells developed in this work delivered good cycling performance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The readiness of embracing the fourth industrial revolution disruptive innovations: a case for an automotive assembler in the Nelson Mandela Metropole
- Authors: Mbolekwa, Luvuyo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52988 , vital:44866
- Description: Organisations and people find themselves in the era of what is known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Unlike the preceding revolutions, this revolution is characterised by technological advancements that lead to disruptive phenomena. These advancements are growing at an exponential rate. They have brought disruptive innovations that have either reshaped many industries, causing them to lose market share or exit altogether. Some organisations are keen to embrace disruptive innovation to ensure that they are sustainable into the future, while others are only inclined to use known technologies to leverage economies of scale. The 4IR has already been around for a while and is moving at a fast pace. The level of readiness for the automotive assembler, Isuzu Motors South Africa (IMSAf), to take advantage of such technological changes brought by the 4IR, has not yet been measured. The primary objective of this study is to investigate IMSAf’s perceptions and readiness to embrace technological changes brought by the 4IR. The perceptions and readiness are assessed based on the technology embracing organisational framework of efficiencies, innovation, skills and re-training. This study is grounded in the philosophy of positivism and the related method used is a quantitative study to test the research questions in an objective manner. A questionnaire was the sole method of collecting first-hand data from the selected sample. The population size consisted of 139 respondents working in various business units within IMSAf. These individuals are occupying various roles and they have in depth, tacit, and multi-disciplinary knowledge of processes and would be the first to experience technological changes brought by the 4IR. A quantitative analysis technique is applied, such as descriptive and inferential statistics, to analyse data. A literature review on the topic was conducted as well as an empirical study. The results from both the literature review and the empirical study found that with the implementation of 4IR emerging technologies within an organisation, there is a significant improvement on efficiencies, innovation and skills and re-training. Furthermore, the level of awareness and understanding about the benefits of embracing 4IR emerging technologies within IMSAf is significant. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMU Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Mbolekwa, Luvuyo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: Gqeberha (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/52988 , vital:44866
- Description: Organisations and people find themselves in the era of what is known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Unlike the preceding revolutions, this revolution is characterised by technological advancements that lead to disruptive phenomena. These advancements are growing at an exponential rate. They have brought disruptive innovations that have either reshaped many industries, causing them to lose market share or exit altogether. Some organisations are keen to embrace disruptive innovation to ensure that they are sustainable into the future, while others are only inclined to use known technologies to leverage economies of scale. The 4IR has already been around for a while and is moving at a fast pace. The level of readiness for the automotive assembler, Isuzu Motors South Africa (IMSAf), to take advantage of such technological changes brought by the 4IR, has not yet been measured. The primary objective of this study is to investigate IMSAf’s perceptions and readiness to embrace technological changes brought by the 4IR. The perceptions and readiness are assessed based on the technology embracing organisational framework of efficiencies, innovation, skills and re-training. This study is grounded in the philosophy of positivism and the related method used is a quantitative study to test the research questions in an objective manner. A questionnaire was the sole method of collecting first-hand data from the selected sample. The population size consisted of 139 respondents working in various business units within IMSAf. These individuals are occupying various roles and they have in depth, tacit, and multi-disciplinary knowledge of processes and would be the first to experience technological changes brought by the 4IR. A quantitative analysis technique is applied, such as descriptive and inferential statistics, to analyse data. A literature review on the topic was conducted as well as an empirical study. The results from both the literature review and the empirical study found that with the implementation of 4IR emerging technologies within an organisation, there is a significant improvement on efficiencies, innovation and skills and re-training. Furthermore, the level of awareness and understanding about the benefits of embracing 4IR emerging technologies within IMSAf is significant. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, NMU Business School, 2021
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2021-04
A systematic risk management model for construction project management: a case study of the new infrastructure project in the University of Mpumalanga
- Authors: Lukhele, Themba Mfanafuthi
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Risk management , Construction industry -- Management , Infrastructure -- University of Mpumalanga
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60479 , vital:65609
- Description: The construction industry has become the significant player in the economy of many developed and developing countries in the world. The industry contributes to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment rate of many nations. As such, the industry is the engine for the economic development and growth across the world. Recently, African countries have received global attention due to its calls for massive infrastructure development and maintenance thereof. Accordingly, the South African government has adopted a National Infrastructure Development Plan (NIDP), which seeks not only to transform the economic landscape of the country, but also to support the integration of the African economies through infrastructure development. To ensure that the execution of these infrastructure projects is successfully delivered in terms of time, cost, and scope; project risk management in the construction industry has become an important area of interest in the execution and delivery of the infrastructure projects. However, the constantly increasing complexity and dynamics in the delivery of construction projects have serious effects on the risk management processes during the execution of the project. In practice, risk methods and techniques have proven to be unrealistic when using the traditional risk management approach in the context of the complexity and dynamic environments wherein construction projects are delivered. Worryingly, project management practitioners in engineering and construction projects still lack the holistic and systematic insight and understanding of construction projects when applying the risk management procedures in the complex and dynamic projects environments. As a result, there are growing reports of unsatisfactory delivery of construction projects in terms of time, cost, quality, and environmental objectives. In this regard, the call for embracing the systems thinking paradigm as the alternative approach that will provide more clarity in dealing with the complex management challenges and which will gradually substitute the traditional theoretical approach of dealing with construction project management, is becoming prominent. Against this background, this study uses a multiple case study approach to explore how a systematic risk management approach could be developed and applied towards successful delivery of construction projects, and subsequently to propose a systematic risk management model that is designed to depict and grasp the underlying complexities and dynamics embedded ix | P a g e in construction projects. The choice of the case study design is founded on its utility and appropriateness for in-depth investigations into phenomena in its context as well as its usefulness for exploratory studies. Therefore, to explore the risk management phenomenon in real-life settings, the unit of analysis in this study was based on three construction projects built in one of the new Institutions of Higher Learning in South Africa during the period between 2017 and 2019. Notwithstanding the unique characteristics of these projects, the complexity and dynamic environments of these projects also emanated from the facts that i) the successful delivery of the projects was a predecessor activity to the academic schedule and activities; ii) this was one of the first universities to be built by the democratic Republic of South Africa; and, iii) the construction contract used for the delivery of the construction projects is relatively new to the professionals in the country’s construction industry. This qualitative case study design has its backbone in the constructivism philosophical paradigm which is underpinned by the ontology that there are multiple realities as conceptualized, experienced, and perceived by the people in their real-life situations or natural settings. Accordingly, the construction professionals, projects’ documents as well as field work observations were purposively chosen as the essential and reliable methods of data collection for this case study. For analysis, a conventional content data analysis methodology was applied on the empirical data that was obtained from the multiple data sources to provide a clearer understanding of the contexts in which the risk management for construction projects is performed. Accordingly, a qualitative data analysis software system called MAXQDA was used to enable the performance of data coding, managing coding, and eventually the retrieving of the coded segments in a form of visual models and summary tables. Ultimately, the qualitative content analysis approach in this thesis was performed in terms of a ‘critical filter of thick description’ which involved a balanced approach between the deductive analysis and the inductive analysis processes. With the assistance of the MAXQDA, performing the multiple levels coding and analysis processes in this thesis has not only been efficient, but also more reliable. To shed insight into the empirical findings of the study, a hybrid theoretical framework has been applied in the discussion and interpretation of the findings. The theoretical framework of this study is underpinned by the complexity theory and the theory of systems engineering. The applicability of these theories in this study is essential in providing a x | P a g e systematic and logical explanation of the practices of risk management in construction projects and further helps to explain why particular events occurred in the processes of risk management. Eventually, the theoretical framework has enabled the designing and developing of a systematic risk management model that will assist in depicting and grasping the underlying complexities while supporting proactive decision making in the delivery of construction projects. To this end, this study has made several major contributions in three multiple folds in the body of knowledge. Firstly, this study makes theoretical contributions by developing an empirically underpinned systematic risk management model which provide more clarity on comprehending the multifaceted and complex risk factors embedded in construction projects. Secondly, the qualitative case study approach and the associated analysis methods thereof in this thesis provides novelty and lays the groundwork for future research and methodological replicability in another similar phenomenon elsewhere in the world. Thirdly, this study has gone some way towards expanding the understanding and the basis for managerial decision making in relation to front-end planning and proactive approach for risk management, and eventually to improve projects’ performances on cost, time, scope, and environmental sustainability. In this regard, the key practical implication for project management practitioners is that the adoption and embracing of the systematic and holistic thinking approach in the risk management processes could enhance the successful delivery of construction projects. In the literature, there is paucity and need for more research into the exploration and analysis of the integration and interplay between the systems engineering and complexity perspectives and the other knowledge areas in the PMBOK. In conclusion, this thesis therefore argues that to address the deficiencies in risk management practices during construction projects’ delivery, the solution requires a paradigm shift from the traditional linear approach which, by design, overlooks the complexities, non-linearity and interdependences of the elements that are underpinning and characterizing the nature of the contemporary construction projects. Therefore, this thesis supports the increasingly emerging debate on the discourse that the superior traditional and linear approaches do not solve the current problems, and as such they should be replaced with the systems and holistic thinking approach that will provide more clarity in dealing with the complex management challenges in contemporary construction projects. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, Built environment and Information Technology, School of the built Environment 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Lukhele, Themba Mfanafuthi
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Risk management , Construction industry -- Management , Infrastructure -- University of Mpumalanga
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , Thesis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/60479 , vital:65609
- Description: The construction industry has become the significant player in the economy of many developed and developing countries in the world. The industry contributes to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment rate of many nations. As such, the industry is the engine for the economic development and growth across the world. Recently, African countries have received global attention due to its calls for massive infrastructure development and maintenance thereof. Accordingly, the South African government has adopted a National Infrastructure Development Plan (NIDP), which seeks not only to transform the economic landscape of the country, but also to support the integration of the African economies through infrastructure development. To ensure that the execution of these infrastructure projects is successfully delivered in terms of time, cost, and scope; project risk management in the construction industry has become an important area of interest in the execution and delivery of the infrastructure projects. However, the constantly increasing complexity and dynamics in the delivery of construction projects have serious effects on the risk management processes during the execution of the project. In practice, risk methods and techniques have proven to be unrealistic when using the traditional risk management approach in the context of the complexity and dynamic environments wherein construction projects are delivered. Worryingly, project management practitioners in engineering and construction projects still lack the holistic and systematic insight and understanding of construction projects when applying the risk management procedures in the complex and dynamic projects environments. As a result, there are growing reports of unsatisfactory delivery of construction projects in terms of time, cost, quality, and environmental objectives. In this regard, the call for embracing the systems thinking paradigm as the alternative approach that will provide more clarity in dealing with the complex management challenges and which will gradually substitute the traditional theoretical approach of dealing with construction project management, is becoming prominent. Against this background, this study uses a multiple case study approach to explore how a systematic risk management approach could be developed and applied towards successful delivery of construction projects, and subsequently to propose a systematic risk management model that is designed to depict and grasp the underlying complexities and dynamics embedded ix | P a g e in construction projects. The choice of the case study design is founded on its utility and appropriateness for in-depth investigations into phenomena in its context as well as its usefulness for exploratory studies. Therefore, to explore the risk management phenomenon in real-life settings, the unit of analysis in this study was based on three construction projects built in one of the new Institutions of Higher Learning in South Africa during the period between 2017 and 2019. Notwithstanding the unique characteristics of these projects, the complexity and dynamic environments of these projects also emanated from the facts that i) the successful delivery of the projects was a predecessor activity to the academic schedule and activities; ii) this was one of the first universities to be built by the democratic Republic of South Africa; and, iii) the construction contract used for the delivery of the construction projects is relatively new to the professionals in the country’s construction industry. This qualitative case study design has its backbone in the constructivism philosophical paradigm which is underpinned by the ontology that there are multiple realities as conceptualized, experienced, and perceived by the people in their real-life situations or natural settings. Accordingly, the construction professionals, projects’ documents as well as field work observations were purposively chosen as the essential and reliable methods of data collection for this case study. For analysis, a conventional content data analysis methodology was applied on the empirical data that was obtained from the multiple data sources to provide a clearer understanding of the contexts in which the risk management for construction projects is performed. Accordingly, a qualitative data analysis software system called MAXQDA was used to enable the performance of data coding, managing coding, and eventually the retrieving of the coded segments in a form of visual models and summary tables. Ultimately, the qualitative content analysis approach in this thesis was performed in terms of a ‘critical filter of thick description’ which involved a balanced approach between the deductive analysis and the inductive analysis processes. With the assistance of the MAXQDA, performing the multiple levels coding and analysis processes in this thesis has not only been efficient, but also more reliable. To shed insight into the empirical findings of the study, a hybrid theoretical framework has been applied in the discussion and interpretation of the findings. The theoretical framework of this study is underpinned by the complexity theory and the theory of systems engineering. The applicability of these theories in this study is essential in providing a x | P a g e systematic and logical explanation of the practices of risk management in construction projects and further helps to explain why particular events occurred in the processes of risk management. Eventually, the theoretical framework has enabled the designing and developing of a systematic risk management model that will assist in depicting and grasping the underlying complexities while supporting proactive decision making in the delivery of construction projects. To this end, this study has made several major contributions in three multiple folds in the body of knowledge. Firstly, this study makes theoretical contributions by developing an empirically underpinned systematic risk management model which provide more clarity on comprehending the multifaceted and complex risk factors embedded in construction projects. Secondly, the qualitative case study approach and the associated analysis methods thereof in this thesis provides novelty and lays the groundwork for future research and methodological replicability in another similar phenomenon elsewhere in the world. Thirdly, this study has gone some way towards expanding the understanding and the basis for managerial decision making in relation to front-end planning and proactive approach for risk management, and eventually to improve projects’ performances on cost, time, scope, and environmental sustainability. In this regard, the key practical implication for project management practitioners is that the adoption and embracing of the systematic and holistic thinking approach in the risk management processes could enhance the successful delivery of construction projects. In the literature, there is paucity and need for more research into the exploration and analysis of the integration and interplay between the systems engineering and complexity perspectives and the other knowledge areas in the PMBOK. In conclusion, this thesis therefore argues that to address the deficiencies in risk management practices during construction projects’ delivery, the solution requires a paradigm shift from the traditional linear approach which, by design, overlooks the complexities, non-linearity and interdependences of the elements that are underpinning and characterizing the nature of the contemporary construction projects. Therefore, this thesis supports the increasingly emerging debate on the discourse that the superior traditional and linear approaches do not solve the current problems, and as such they should be replaced with the systems and holistic thinking approach that will provide more clarity in dealing with the complex management challenges in contemporary construction projects. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Engineering, Built environment and Information Technology, School of the built Environment 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
Demarcation of municipalities and service delivery capacity: a case of selected eastern cape municipalities
- Authors: Sokopo, Johannes
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54574 , vital:46715
- Description: The study examines the relationship between demarcation of municipal boundaries and the capacity of a municipality to deliver services. The case of the amalgamation of Baviaans, Camdeboo, and Ikwezi local municipalities which has led to the establishment of the Dr Beyers Naudè Municipality in the Sara Baartman District Municipality in the Eastern Cape has been used to determine this relationship in this study. The amalgamation of these municipalities has led to the redetermination and dismantling of their boundaries and the establishment of the boundaries of the newly created and larger Dr Beyers Naudè Local Municipality. The study investigated whether the demarcation of municipal boundaries has, in this instance, enhanced the capacity of the municipality to deliver basic services. Organisational Theory was used to interpret the amalgamation of municipalities. This theory was used for the theoretical basis of organisational structure and highlighting the need for the alignment of organizational structure with the municipalities’ mandate, of effective and efficient service delivery. The study adopted a qualitative research method and employed a non-probability purposive sampling technique to select participants. Interviews were used for data collection. 38 participants were interviewed, namely 7 councillors, 5 municipal officials, 5 members of the ratepayers’ association and 21 members of the community. Mixed views were expressed by participants regarding the enhancement of the state on basic service delivery after the merger of the three local municipalities. Furthermore, the study did not find evidence of a feasibility study prior to the implementation of the amalgamation process. Subsequently, the study could not find conclusive evidence relating to the enhancement of the capacity of the municipality to deliver services after the redetermination of municipal boundaries. The study recommends, among others, that the demarcation of municipal boundaries should be preceded by an appropriate feasibility study and be done such that there is compliance with the relevant legislation, and it must also have an effective public participation. The study also recommends that the newly established Dr Beyers Naudè Local Municipality should focus on maintaining the service delivery infrastructure it has inherited from the merger of its three predecessor municipalities, enhance public participation in its programmes, and priorities community beneficiation as a critical aspect of its service delivery mandate. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Sokopo, Johannes
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Port Elizabeth (South Africa) , Eastern Cape (South Africa) , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54574 , vital:46715
- Description: The study examines the relationship between demarcation of municipal boundaries and the capacity of a municipality to deliver services. The case of the amalgamation of Baviaans, Camdeboo, and Ikwezi local municipalities which has led to the establishment of the Dr Beyers Naudè Municipality in the Sara Baartman District Municipality in the Eastern Cape has been used to determine this relationship in this study. The amalgamation of these municipalities has led to the redetermination and dismantling of their boundaries and the establishment of the boundaries of the newly created and larger Dr Beyers Naudè Local Municipality. The study investigated whether the demarcation of municipal boundaries has, in this instance, enhanced the capacity of the municipality to deliver basic services. Organisational Theory was used to interpret the amalgamation of municipalities. This theory was used for the theoretical basis of organisational structure and highlighting the need for the alignment of organizational structure with the municipalities’ mandate, of effective and efficient service delivery. The study adopted a qualitative research method and employed a non-probability purposive sampling technique to select participants. Interviews were used for data collection. 38 participants were interviewed, namely 7 councillors, 5 municipal officials, 5 members of the ratepayers’ association and 21 members of the community. Mixed views were expressed by participants regarding the enhancement of the state on basic service delivery after the merger of the three local municipalities. Furthermore, the study did not find evidence of a feasibility study prior to the implementation of the amalgamation process. Subsequently, the study could not find conclusive evidence relating to the enhancement of the capacity of the municipality to deliver services after the redetermination of municipal boundaries. The study recommends, among others, that the demarcation of municipal boundaries should be preceded by an appropriate feasibility study and be done such that there is compliance with the relevant legislation, and it must also have an effective public participation. The study also recommends that the newly established Dr Beyers Naudè Local Municipality should focus on maintaining the service delivery infrastructure it has inherited from the merger of its three predecessor municipalities, enhance public participation in its programmes, and priorities community beneficiation as a critical aspect of its service delivery mandate. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Governmental and Social Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
Application of hidden Markov models and their extensions to animal movement data
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Bracken
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Markov processes Animal locomotion Time-series analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23835 , vital:30624
- Description: Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) have become increasingly popular in animal movement studies as they provide a flexible modelling approach and take the correlation between successive observations into account. They can segment the movement paths into latent states, which can be considered as rough proxies for the behaviours of the animals. This study comprises of two sections, both involving the application of HMMs to large terrestrial mammal movement data. Usually step lengths representing the displacement distances between successive observations, turning angles measuring the tortuosity, or a bivariate input of both variables are used as inputs in the models. It has been found in the literature that the turning angle is either included in the modelling process or it is excluded without much justification for doing so. The first part of this study investigates the nfluence of the turning angle on the model output and resultant interpretations of the HMMs when modelling the trajectories of large terrestrial mammals in southern Africa. Results revealed at different time scales, and for both predator and herbivore species in this study, that the turning angle does not influence the state allocation of the HMMs, which is the main output in terms of interpreting the behaviours of the animals. It is thought in most cases that the inclusion of the turning angle overcomplicates the models unnecessarily without contributing any additional information in terms of the behavioural interpretations or improving the overall fit of the models. This was found for the variety of movements of the species under observation in this study. The second part of this study attempts to validate the state allocation of the HMMs fitted to eland trajectories in the Greater Addo Elephant National Park in the Eastern Cape, with the use of camera trap data. This presented a unique opportunity as this type of data is mainly used for abundance or capture-recapture studies, and the HMMs are rarely validated as the true behaviours of the animals are seldom known. Results revealed that the same diel patterns were detected by the HMMs that were shown by the classified camera trap data. Direct comparisons of the observations where the dates and times matched for the telemetry and camera trap data could be done in several rare instances, which revealed many similarities. Although it was not an ideal comparison, the camera trap data provided a rough validation of the state allocation of the HMMs used in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Van Niekerk, Bracken
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Markov processes Animal locomotion Time-series analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/23835 , vital:30624
- Description: Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) have become increasingly popular in animal movement studies as they provide a flexible modelling approach and take the correlation between successive observations into account. They can segment the movement paths into latent states, which can be considered as rough proxies for the behaviours of the animals. This study comprises of two sections, both involving the application of HMMs to large terrestrial mammal movement data. Usually step lengths representing the displacement distances between successive observations, turning angles measuring the tortuosity, or a bivariate input of both variables are used as inputs in the models. It has been found in the literature that the turning angle is either included in the modelling process or it is excluded without much justification for doing so. The first part of this study investigates the nfluence of the turning angle on the model output and resultant interpretations of the HMMs when modelling the trajectories of large terrestrial mammals in southern Africa. Results revealed at different time scales, and for both predator and herbivore species in this study, that the turning angle does not influence the state allocation of the HMMs, which is the main output in terms of interpreting the behaviours of the animals. It is thought in most cases that the inclusion of the turning angle overcomplicates the models unnecessarily without contributing any additional information in terms of the behavioural interpretations or improving the overall fit of the models. This was found for the variety of movements of the species under observation in this study. The second part of this study attempts to validate the state allocation of the HMMs fitted to eland trajectories in the Greater Addo Elephant National Park in the Eastern Cape, with the use of camera trap data. This presented a unique opportunity as this type of data is mainly used for abundance or capture-recapture studies, and the HMMs are rarely validated as the true behaviours of the animals are seldom known. Results revealed that the same diel patterns were detected by the HMMs that were shown by the classified camera trap data. Direct comparisons of the observations where the dates and times matched for the telemetry and camera trap data could be done in several rare instances, which revealed many similarities. Although it was not an ideal comparison, the camera trap data provided a rough validation of the state allocation of the HMMs used in the study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018