The role of the deep spawning grounds in chokka squid (Loligo reynaudi d'orbigny, 1845) recruitment
- Authors: Downey, Nicola Jean
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Squids -- Spawning -- South Africa Squids -- Effect of temperature on -- South Africa Squids -- Embryos -- South Africa Squids -- South Africa -- Geographical distribution Loligo -- Research -- South Africa Loligo fisheries -- South Africa Recruitment (Population biology) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5359 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011867
- Description: It was previously thought that the South African chokka squid Loligo reynaudi is exclusively an inshore, shallow water spawner. Although spawning mostly within shallow bays (<60 m) the presence of squid eggs in trawls at depths up to 130 m indicates this species frequently makes use of deeper spawning areas on the mid-shelf. The extent of mid-shelf spawning (referred to as deep spawning) and the contribution to recruitment has yet to be assessed. Studies have shown mid-shelf bottom temperature to vary considerably from those inshore, suggesting chokka squid spawn in two very different oceanographic environments. Considering these apparent environmental differences, what leads to the mid-shelf environment becoming a suitable spawning habitat? Does a suitable benthic habitat, required for the attachment of egg pods, occur on the mid-shelf? These questions are not only important for determining the extent of deep spawning, but also to the understanding of factors “driving” deep spawning. The fate of deep spawned hatchlings is another unknown. It has been proposed that the main chokka squid inshore spawning grounds are positioned to exploit the net westward currents on the Eastern Agulhas Bank, i.e. paralarvae would be transported west from the hatching site to the cold ridge, an area of high primary and secondary productivity on the Central Agulhas Bank. This concept has come to be known as the Western Transport Hypothesis. Lagrangian ROMS-IBMs (regional ocean model system – individual-based model) predict the net westward transport of paralarvae from both the inshore and deep spawning grounds, to the cold ridge. These simulations were used to investigate the transport of hatchlings to the cold ridge feeding grounds before the exhaustion of yolk reserves. The fate of paralarvae on reaching the feeding grounds has not yet been investigated. This work has contributed new knowledge to our understanding of deep spawning and its role in recruitment. Specific aims of this study were to (1) determine the extent, range and importance of the deep spawning grounds relative to those inshore; (2) investigate the deep spawning ground habitat (Agulhas Bank mid-shelf) morphology and oceanographic environment; (3) determine the transport and survival of deep spawned hatchlings; and (4) investigate the origin and distribution of chokka squid paralarvae on the Agulhas Bank. The extent, depth range and importance of the deep spawning grounds, relative to those inshore was assessed using 23 years of demersal trawl survey data. Data for both the west and south coasts of South Africa were examined for egg capsules. No spawning was found on the west coast. Data showed that chokka squid preferred the Eastern Agulhas Bank for spawning. Spawning occurred not only inshore but also on the mid-shelf extending to depths of 270 m near the shelf edge. The majority of deep spawned eggs however, were found in the depth range 71-130 m. Squid egg density markedly decreased beyond 70 m, suggesting delineation between the inshore and deep spawning grounds. Total egg biomass calculations for depths shallower and deeper than 70 m indicated the coastal area to be strongly favoured, i.e. 82 vs. 18%. These results contest the commonly accepted notion that chokka squid is an inshore spawner and redefine the spawning grounds to extend across the shelf. Apart from an initial study investigating bottom temperature on the mid-shelf, very little is known about the deep spawning habitat. St Francis Bay, a commonly used spawning location, was chosen as a demonstration area for further study. The deep spawning grounds (71-130 m) were mapped and benthic habitat described from underwater video footage. A study investigating cross-shelf bottom conditions was undertaken off Thys Bay. CTD data were used to compare seasonal bottom temperature and oxygen on the St Francis Bay inshore and deep spawning grounds. Squid movement between the two spawning habitats was assessed using filament tagging. Predation and fishing pressure across the spawning grounds was reviewed. The mid-shelf benthic habitat was found to be similar to that inshore and available for spawning. Despite the generally colder bottom temperatures on the mid-shelf, this study showed that bottom temperature in deeper waters can at times be warmer than inshore. Although mid-shelf warming events lasted from a few hours to a number of days, they resulted in similar conditions to those on the inshore spawning grounds. It is likely these events act to expand or shift spawning habitat. The movement of squid between the two spawning habitats makes it possible for them to seek patches of warm bottom water with appropiate substrate. This suggests they are spawning habitat opportunists. Predation and fishing pressure appear to be higher on the inshore spawning grounds. It is feasible that this also forces spawners to seek out more favourable habitat offshore. An individual-based model was used to predict the fate of mid-shelf and inshore hatched paralarvae. Within the model, both the highly productive cold ridge and inshore spawning grounds were considered feeding or nursery areas. Paralarvae were released from six inshore and six deep spawning sites, spanning the coast between Port Alfred and Knysna. All paralarvae not reaching the feeding areas before the exhaustion of yolk-reserves (≤5 days), not retained within the feeding grounds (≥14 days), and not retained on the Agulhas Bank after exiting the feeding grounds were considered lost. This work illustrated the dependence of paralarval transport success on both spawning location and time of hatching, as established in earlier studies. The current IBM has expanded on initial work, emphasizing the importance of the cold ridge and inshore spawning grounds as nursery areas for deep and inshore spawned paralarvae, respectively. This work has highlighted the complex interactions between processes influencing recruitment variability for chokka squid. Possible relationships between periods of highest recruitment success and spawning peaks were identified for both spawning habitats. Based on the likely autumn increase in deep spawning off Tsitsikamma, and the beneficial currents during this period, it can be concluded deep spawning may at times contribute significantly to recruitment. This is particularly true for years where the cold ridge persists into winter. Data on chokka squid paralarval distribution are scarce. Paralarval distribution and abundance, in relation to Agulhas Bank oceanography, was investigated using bongo caught paralarvae and corresponding oceanographic data. Individual-based models (IBMs) were used to predict the origin or spawning site of the wild caught paralarvae, with reference to inshore versus deep spawning. Although failing to predict realistic points of origin, this study provided evidence to support a number of scenarios previously assumed to influence chokka squid recruitment. First is the possible influence of coastal upwelling on the retention, and hence spatial distribution, of paralarvae on the inshore spawning grounds. The second factor thought to impact recruitment is the loss of paralarvae from the Agulhas Bank ecosystem. This study confirmed the removal of paralarvae from the Eastern Agulhas Bank due to Agulhas Current boundary phenomena and resultant offshelf leakage. In addition, data suggested that the formation of the cold ridge could enhance retention on the Central Agulhas Bank, and so prevent offshelf leakage from the Central and Western Agulhas Bank. A synthesis of the main conclusions is presented. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Downey, Nicola Jean
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Squids -- Spawning -- South Africa Squids -- Effect of temperature on -- South Africa Squids -- Embryos -- South Africa Squids -- South Africa -- Geographical distribution Loligo -- Research -- South Africa Loligo fisheries -- South Africa Recruitment (Population biology) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5359 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011867
- Description: It was previously thought that the South African chokka squid Loligo reynaudi is exclusively an inshore, shallow water spawner. Although spawning mostly within shallow bays (<60 m) the presence of squid eggs in trawls at depths up to 130 m indicates this species frequently makes use of deeper spawning areas on the mid-shelf. The extent of mid-shelf spawning (referred to as deep spawning) and the contribution to recruitment has yet to be assessed. Studies have shown mid-shelf bottom temperature to vary considerably from those inshore, suggesting chokka squid spawn in two very different oceanographic environments. Considering these apparent environmental differences, what leads to the mid-shelf environment becoming a suitable spawning habitat? Does a suitable benthic habitat, required for the attachment of egg pods, occur on the mid-shelf? These questions are not only important for determining the extent of deep spawning, but also to the understanding of factors “driving” deep spawning. The fate of deep spawned hatchlings is another unknown. It has been proposed that the main chokka squid inshore spawning grounds are positioned to exploit the net westward currents on the Eastern Agulhas Bank, i.e. paralarvae would be transported west from the hatching site to the cold ridge, an area of high primary and secondary productivity on the Central Agulhas Bank. This concept has come to be known as the Western Transport Hypothesis. Lagrangian ROMS-IBMs (regional ocean model system – individual-based model) predict the net westward transport of paralarvae from both the inshore and deep spawning grounds, to the cold ridge. These simulations were used to investigate the transport of hatchlings to the cold ridge feeding grounds before the exhaustion of yolk reserves. The fate of paralarvae on reaching the feeding grounds has not yet been investigated. This work has contributed new knowledge to our understanding of deep spawning and its role in recruitment. Specific aims of this study were to (1) determine the extent, range and importance of the deep spawning grounds relative to those inshore; (2) investigate the deep spawning ground habitat (Agulhas Bank mid-shelf) morphology and oceanographic environment; (3) determine the transport and survival of deep spawned hatchlings; and (4) investigate the origin and distribution of chokka squid paralarvae on the Agulhas Bank. The extent, depth range and importance of the deep spawning grounds, relative to those inshore was assessed using 23 years of demersal trawl survey data. Data for both the west and south coasts of South Africa were examined for egg capsules. No spawning was found on the west coast. Data showed that chokka squid preferred the Eastern Agulhas Bank for spawning. Spawning occurred not only inshore but also on the mid-shelf extending to depths of 270 m near the shelf edge. The majority of deep spawned eggs however, were found in the depth range 71-130 m. Squid egg density markedly decreased beyond 70 m, suggesting delineation between the inshore and deep spawning grounds. Total egg biomass calculations for depths shallower and deeper than 70 m indicated the coastal area to be strongly favoured, i.e. 82 vs. 18%. These results contest the commonly accepted notion that chokka squid is an inshore spawner and redefine the spawning grounds to extend across the shelf. Apart from an initial study investigating bottom temperature on the mid-shelf, very little is known about the deep spawning habitat. St Francis Bay, a commonly used spawning location, was chosen as a demonstration area for further study. The deep spawning grounds (71-130 m) were mapped and benthic habitat described from underwater video footage. A study investigating cross-shelf bottom conditions was undertaken off Thys Bay. CTD data were used to compare seasonal bottom temperature and oxygen on the St Francis Bay inshore and deep spawning grounds. Squid movement between the two spawning habitats was assessed using filament tagging. Predation and fishing pressure across the spawning grounds was reviewed. The mid-shelf benthic habitat was found to be similar to that inshore and available for spawning. Despite the generally colder bottom temperatures on the mid-shelf, this study showed that bottom temperature in deeper waters can at times be warmer than inshore. Although mid-shelf warming events lasted from a few hours to a number of days, they resulted in similar conditions to those on the inshore spawning grounds. It is likely these events act to expand or shift spawning habitat. The movement of squid between the two spawning habitats makes it possible for them to seek patches of warm bottom water with appropiate substrate. This suggests they are spawning habitat opportunists. Predation and fishing pressure appear to be higher on the inshore spawning grounds. It is feasible that this also forces spawners to seek out more favourable habitat offshore. An individual-based model was used to predict the fate of mid-shelf and inshore hatched paralarvae. Within the model, both the highly productive cold ridge and inshore spawning grounds were considered feeding or nursery areas. Paralarvae were released from six inshore and six deep spawning sites, spanning the coast between Port Alfred and Knysna. All paralarvae not reaching the feeding areas before the exhaustion of yolk-reserves (≤5 days), not retained within the feeding grounds (≥14 days), and not retained on the Agulhas Bank after exiting the feeding grounds were considered lost. This work illustrated the dependence of paralarval transport success on both spawning location and time of hatching, as established in earlier studies. The current IBM has expanded on initial work, emphasizing the importance of the cold ridge and inshore spawning grounds as nursery areas for deep and inshore spawned paralarvae, respectively. This work has highlighted the complex interactions between processes influencing recruitment variability for chokka squid. Possible relationships between periods of highest recruitment success and spawning peaks were identified for both spawning habitats. Based on the likely autumn increase in deep spawning off Tsitsikamma, and the beneficial currents during this period, it can be concluded deep spawning may at times contribute significantly to recruitment. This is particularly true for years where the cold ridge persists into winter. Data on chokka squid paralarval distribution are scarce. Paralarval distribution and abundance, in relation to Agulhas Bank oceanography, was investigated using bongo caught paralarvae and corresponding oceanographic data. Individual-based models (IBMs) were used to predict the origin or spawning site of the wild caught paralarvae, with reference to inshore versus deep spawning. Although failing to predict realistic points of origin, this study provided evidence to support a number of scenarios previously assumed to influence chokka squid recruitment. First is the possible influence of coastal upwelling on the retention, and hence spatial distribution, of paralarvae on the inshore spawning grounds. The second factor thought to impact recruitment is the loss of paralarvae from the Agulhas Bank ecosystem. This study confirmed the removal of paralarvae from the Eastern Agulhas Bank due to Agulhas Current boundary phenomena and resultant offshelf leakage. In addition, data suggested that the formation of the cold ridge could enhance retention on the Central Agulhas Bank, and so prevent offshelf leakage from the Central and Western Agulhas Bank. A synthesis of the main conclusions is presented. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
The impact of learning advancement and quality of work-life on turnover intentions among nurses in Amathole District, South Africa
- Authors: Marufu, Tandiwe Joy
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Nurses -- Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Employee retention -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Labor turnover -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2182 , vital:27666
- Description: Ongoing instability in the nursing workforce is raising questions globally about the issue of nurse turnover. It is against this background that this research examines the impact of learning, advancement and quality of work-life on turnover intentions among nurses in selected hospitals from Eastern Cape. Little research has been conducted to investigate the impact of the above mentioned subjects on turnover intentions among nurses in the South African health sector. Research questions as well as hypotheses were formulated as the means to gain data on the subject. The research employed a quantitative design with a sample size of 160 nurses and 159 were returned. The data analysis consisted of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The main findings of the study showed a positive relationship among job satisfaction, work-life rewards, learning and advancement opportunities and job satisfaction. However, there were negative relationships between job satisfaction and turnover intentions; work-life rewards and turnover intentions; and also among learning, career advancement and turnover intentions. Finally, suggestions were made to the top management in the Health sector to come up with strategies and mechanisms that improve nurses’ quality of work-life and offering them training and advancement opportunities through organisational change programs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Marufu, Tandiwe Joy
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Nurses -- Job satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Employee retention -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Labor turnover -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2182 , vital:27666
- Description: Ongoing instability in the nursing workforce is raising questions globally about the issue of nurse turnover. It is against this background that this research examines the impact of learning, advancement and quality of work-life on turnover intentions among nurses in selected hospitals from Eastern Cape. Little research has been conducted to investigate the impact of the above mentioned subjects on turnover intentions among nurses in the South African health sector. Research questions as well as hypotheses were formulated as the means to gain data on the subject. The research employed a quantitative design with a sample size of 160 nurses and 159 were returned. The data analysis consisted of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The main findings of the study showed a positive relationship among job satisfaction, work-life rewards, learning and advancement opportunities and job satisfaction. However, there were negative relationships between job satisfaction and turnover intentions; work-life rewards and turnover intentions; and also among learning, career advancement and turnover intentions. Finally, suggestions were made to the top management in the Health sector to come up with strategies and mechanisms that improve nurses’ quality of work-life and offering them training and advancement opportunities through organisational change programs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Professional development among counselling psychology interns : exploring critical incidents
- Authors: Teixeira, Beverley
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Counseling psychologists -- Training of -- South Africa , Critical incident technique , Career development -- South Africa , Internship programs -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3265 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017888
- Description: The journey towards becoming a counselling psychologist, in South Africa, includes the completion a 12 month internship. The internship year holds many challenges and demands for novice professionals and aims to assist them in making the transition from student to professional. This study aims to explore the subjective experiences of intern counselling psychologists and the critical incidents which assist them in making this transition. In addition, it aims to identify experiences impacting on the interns’ professional development and professional identity. Three registered counselling psychologists, who completed their internship at a South African university counselling centre within the last year, were recruited and participated in individual interviews. These interviews were semi-structured and followed the Critical Incident Technique method. Each interview was voice recorded and transcribed. The data collected was analysed using thematic content analysis. As the research design is qualitative, using a phenomenological approach, the focus is on presenting information-rich and detailed descriptions of participants “lived” experiences of their internship year. It attempts to understand significant incidents or events which influenced the participants’ professional and personal development as they navigate through this ambiguous period to become independent and ethical practitioners. Four predominant themes emerged from the data collected, which include a discussion pertaining to professional boundaries and limitations, learning within the internship environment, the effects of professional and personal support and, lastly, the transition from dependent to independent professional functioning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Teixeira, Beverley
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Counseling psychologists -- Training of -- South Africa , Critical incident technique , Career development -- South Africa , Internship programs -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3265 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017888
- Description: The journey towards becoming a counselling psychologist, in South Africa, includes the completion a 12 month internship. The internship year holds many challenges and demands for novice professionals and aims to assist them in making the transition from student to professional. This study aims to explore the subjective experiences of intern counselling psychologists and the critical incidents which assist them in making this transition. In addition, it aims to identify experiences impacting on the interns’ professional development and professional identity. Three registered counselling psychologists, who completed their internship at a South African university counselling centre within the last year, were recruited and participated in individual interviews. These interviews were semi-structured and followed the Critical Incident Technique method. Each interview was voice recorded and transcribed. The data collected was analysed using thematic content analysis. As the research design is qualitative, using a phenomenological approach, the focus is on presenting information-rich and detailed descriptions of participants “lived” experiences of their internship year. It attempts to understand significant incidents or events which influenced the participants’ professional and personal development as they navigate through this ambiguous period to become independent and ethical practitioners. Four predominant themes emerged from the data collected, which include a discussion pertaining to professional boundaries and limitations, learning within the internship environment, the effects of professional and personal support and, lastly, the transition from dependent to independent professional functioning.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Physiological signal transduction from the photosynthetic apparatus in the green alga Dunaliella salina
- Logie, Malcolme Ronald Ruxton
- Authors: Logie, Malcolme Ronald Ruxton
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Cellular signal transduction Photosynthesis -- Research Green algae Dunaliella
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4035 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004095
- Description: The transduction of stress signals in plants is known to involve complex hysiological responses. In D. salina a range of stresses results in hyperaccumulation of ft-carotene and an understanding of stress responses in this organism has important biotechnological implications. In this thesis an attempt was made to elucidate the physiological components involved and establish a role for pH in response to high light stress. In order to achieve this the effect of high light stress on photosynthesis and cell productivity was measured. Results showed that photosynthetic carbon assimilation, oxygen evolution and cellular productivity was initially inhibited by exposure to high light intensities, but this inhibition was transient and was overcome by a rapid increase in all three parameters. The response of the carbon pool intermediates was also investigated. It was shown that on exposure to high light ft-carotene declined but then showed a rapid increase after about 4 hours of exposure. It was also demonstrated that the initial loss of ft-carotene was due to loss of this pigment from the photosynthetic pigment bed and that the hyper-accumulation of ft-carotene was due to accumulation of ft-carotene in lipoidal globules located in the chloroplast stroma. It was further demonstrated that there was mass movement of carbon in the xanthophyll cycle shortly after exposure to high light. This was characterized by the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin with a further de-epoxidation to zeaxanthin, thereby decreasing the epoxidation state of the cycle. Furthermore, it was shown that there was relocation of carbon from violaxanthin to the plant growth regulator abscisic acid. It was also shown for the first time in D. salina that the production of ft-carotene and operation of the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle has a periodicity which is established after exposure to successive cycles of a light regime. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used together with well established ammonia stress responses to acquire a general overview of energy dissipation from the photosynthetic pigment bed. In conjunction with an understanding of xanthophyll cycle operation during exposure to high light stress it has been possible to establish a relationship between chlorophyll florescence, xanthophyll cycle operation and intracellular pH. It was also shown using chlorophyll fluorescence that after 4 hour exposure to high light a maximum fluorescence peak could no longer be induced indicating a transition at about this point from a state of reversibility to commitment of the full stress response. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to follow intracellular pH fluxes during exposure to high light. A novel technique was developed for studying photosynthetically active organisms in the dark using nuclear magnetic resonance. These results showed that on exposure to high light stress there is rapid acidification of the chloroplast stroma and to a lesser degree of the acidic vacuole. The pH of these compartments is re-established after about 4 hours which is co-incident with the onset of fl-carotene hyper-accumulation and the loss of the induction of the chlorophyll fluorescence peak indicating an intimate relationship for fl-carotene, chlorophyll fluorescence, xanthophyll cycle operation and pH. The results from this study allow for the proposal of a general physiological stress transduction response mechanism for D. salina which is common for a range of different stresses and where intracellular pH plays a central role.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Logie, Malcolme Ronald Ruxton
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: Cellular signal transduction Photosynthesis -- Research Green algae Dunaliella
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4035 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004095
- Description: The transduction of stress signals in plants is known to involve complex hysiological responses. In D. salina a range of stresses results in hyperaccumulation of ft-carotene and an understanding of stress responses in this organism has important biotechnological implications. In this thesis an attempt was made to elucidate the physiological components involved and establish a role for pH in response to high light stress. In order to achieve this the effect of high light stress on photosynthesis and cell productivity was measured. Results showed that photosynthetic carbon assimilation, oxygen evolution and cellular productivity was initially inhibited by exposure to high light intensities, but this inhibition was transient and was overcome by a rapid increase in all three parameters. The response of the carbon pool intermediates was also investigated. It was shown that on exposure to high light ft-carotene declined but then showed a rapid increase after about 4 hours of exposure. It was also demonstrated that the initial loss of ft-carotene was due to loss of this pigment from the photosynthetic pigment bed and that the hyper-accumulation of ft-carotene was due to accumulation of ft-carotene in lipoidal globules located in the chloroplast stroma. It was further demonstrated that there was mass movement of carbon in the xanthophyll cycle shortly after exposure to high light. This was characterized by the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin with a further de-epoxidation to zeaxanthin, thereby decreasing the epoxidation state of the cycle. Furthermore, it was shown that there was relocation of carbon from violaxanthin to the plant growth regulator abscisic acid. It was also shown for the first time in D. salina that the production of ft-carotene and operation of the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle has a periodicity which is established after exposure to successive cycles of a light regime. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used together with well established ammonia stress responses to acquire a general overview of energy dissipation from the photosynthetic pigment bed. In conjunction with an understanding of xanthophyll cycle operation during exposure to high light stress it has been possible to establish a relationship between chlorophyll florescence, xanthophyll cycle operation and intracellular pH. It was also shown using chlorophyll fluorescence that after 4 hour exposure to high light a maximum fluorescence peak could no longer be induced indicating a transition at about this point from a state of reversibility to commitment of the full stress response. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to follow intracellular pH fluxes during exposure to high light. A novel technique was developed for studying photosynthetically active organisms in the dark using nuclear magnetic resonance. These results showed that on exposure to high light stress there is rapid acidification of the chloroplast stroma and to a lesser degree of the acidic vacuole. The pH of these compartments is re-established after about 4 hours which is co-incident with the onset of fl-carotene hyper-accumulation and the loss of the induction of the chlorophyll fluorescence peak indicating an intimate relationship for fl-carotene, chlorophyll fluorescence, xanthophyll cycle operation and pH. The results from this study allow for the proposal of a general physiological stress transduction response mechanism for D. salina which is common for a range of different stresses and where intracellular pH plays a central role.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Being civil
- Matshoba, Zongezile Theophilus
- Authors: Matshoba, Zongezile Theophilus
- Date: 2016
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6017 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021237
- Description: My collection of short stories delves into government and governance, democracy, citizenship, civil servants, poverty, corruption and nepotism. My stories draw on the traditions of gritty urban crime fiction uncovering crimes of violence, service delivery, vandalism and corruption. They explore themes of mental cruelty and greed, self- preservation and community in rural areas, farms, townships and cities characterized by wrenching contradictions and inequalities. , This epic dramatic poetic verse delves into government and school governance, labour unions, liberation struggle, parenting and a wide range of school perceptions. It interrogates the roles of parents, teachers, students, department of education officials and that of other stakeholders that make use of schools. Influenced by William Wellington Gqoba’s ‘A great debate on education: a Parable’ wayback, it continues the education debate in the current post-democratic South Africa characterized by wrenching contradictions and inequalities. , This thesis is presented in two parts: English and isiXhosa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Matshoba, Zongezile Theophilus
- Date: 2016
- Language: English , Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:6017 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021237
- Description: My collection of short stories delves into government and governance, democracy, citizenship, civil servants, poverty, corruption and nepotism. My stories draw on the traditions of gritty urban crime fiction uncovering crimes of violence, service delivery, vandalism and corruption. They explore themes of mental cruelty and greed, self- preservation and community in rural areas, farms, townships and cities characterized by wrenching contradictions and inequalities. , This epic dramatic poetic verse delves into government and school governance, labour unions, liberation struggle, parenting and a wide range of school perceptions. It interrogates the roles of parents, teachers, students, department of education officials and that of other stakeholders that make use of schools. Influenced by William Wellington Gqoba’s ‘A great debate on education: a Parable’ wayback, it continues the education debate in the current post-democratic South Africa characterized by wrenching contradictions and inequalities. , This thesis is presented in two parts: English and isiXhosa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
A picture's worth a thousand words: a case study of grade 10 English language educators teaching visual literacy
- Authors: Leask-Smith, Lyn Ann
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Visual literacy -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Case studies English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Case studies Teacher educators -- Training of -- Case studies English teachers -- Training of -- Case studies Teachers -- In-service training
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1702 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003585
- Description: The aim of this research was to better understand teacher's beliefs about visual literacy and to explore how their beliefs influence their teaching practice. In order to investigate this, a case study was conducted that comprised of lesson observations and semi-structured interviews with two secondary school English home language educators. The backdrop to the research was the implementation of the new national curriculum for grade 10. The participants, though well educated and experienced teachers, felt their training had been inadequate in the area of teaching visual literacy and although they acknowledged the importance of visual literacy, it seemed to have a fairly low priority in their actual teaching practice. In particular, very little attention was given to the production of multimodal texts by learners. The reason for this low priority may be related to the requirements of the formal assessment programme as well as limited lesson time in which to cover an extensive curriculum. The research findings would seem to suggest a need for in-service training in this area as well as access to suitable learning support materials and teacher resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Leask-Smith, Lyn Ann
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Visual literacy -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Case studies English language -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- Case studies Teacher educators -- Training of -- Case studies English teachers -- Training of -- Case studies Teachers -- In-service training
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1702 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003585
- Description: The aim of this research was to better understand teacher's beliefs about visual literacy and to explore how their beliefs influence their teaching practice. In order to investigate this, a case study was conducted that comprised of lesson observations and semi-structured interviews with two secondary school English home language educators. The backdrop to the research was the implementation of the new national curriculum for grade 10. The participants, though well educated and experienced teachers, felt their training had been inadequate in the area of teaching visual literacy and although they acknowledged the importance of visual literacy, it seemed to have a fairly low priority in their actual teaching practice. In particular, very little attention was given to the production of multimodal texts by learners. The reason for this low priority may be related to the requirements of the formal assessment programme as well as limited lesson time in which to cover an extensive curriculum. The research findings would seem to suggest a need for in-service training in this area as well as access to suitable learning support materials and teacher resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
An analytical commentary on Act No 40 (Welfare Organisations Act) of 1947 and its relation to Act No 79 (National Welfare Act) of 1965
- Authors: Barratt, Inez
- Date: 1968
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:21286 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7690
- Description: From Introduction: Act No. 40 of 1947, after nineteen years in operation has been superseded by Act No. 79 of 1965. Here an attempt will be made to establish first those conditions which, in the years preceding 1944, produced a demand, both from the general electorate, from members of the legislature and from those actively concerned with the problems of social welfare in South Africa, that appropriate legislation be promulgated to alleviate the conditions. As Act 40/1947 was drafted in an attempt to remedy antecedent conditions, so it is hoped to show that in its provisions, and their attempted execution by the organs established in terms of the Act, there may be discerned the germs of at least some of the provisions of Act 79/1965. Effects of past economic depressions as well as a more recent increased awareness of overseas conditions and thinking, coupled with the war-time atmosphere and the start of rapid industrialisation all .affected the legislation that was finally passed. The degree of unanimity amongst those who advocated control of Welfare bodies through legislation will be considered, as well as the adequacy of the means available for its enforcement. So, too, will habits of thought and action which both affected interpretation and limited co-operation on several levels, for they also are amongst the factors which, by limiting the Act's effectiveness, strengthened the demand for new legislation. Attention will also be paid to that reaction against things regarded as "foreign” which, always present in South Africa, gathered strength from the 1860's, gained expression in official quarters especially after 1948 and which, together with the policy of separate development, greatly affected activities in terms of Act 40/1947.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1968
- Authors: Barratt, Inez
- Date: 1968
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:21286 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7690
- Description: From Introduction: Act No. 40 of 1947, after nineteen years in operation has been superseded by Act No. 79 of 1965. Here an attempt will be made to establish first those conditions which, in the years preceding 1944, produced a demand, both from the general electorate, from members of the legislature and from those actively concerned with the problems of social welfare in South Africa, that appropriate legislation be promulgated to alleviate the conditions. As Act 40/1947 was drafted in an attempt to remedy antecedent conditions, so it is hoped to show that in its provisions, and their attempted execution by the organs established in terms of the Act, there may be discerned the germs of at least some of the provisions of Act 79/1965. Effects of past economic depressions as well as a more recent increased awareness of overseas conditions and thinking, coupled with the war-time atmosphere and the start of rapid industrialisation all .affected the legislation that was finally passed. The degree of unanimity amongst those who advocated control of Welfare bodies through legislation will be considered, as well as the adequacy of the means available for its enforcement. So, too, will habits of thought and action which both affected interpretation and limited co-operation on several levels, for they also are amongst the factors which, by limiting the Act's effectiveness, strengthened the demand for new legislation. Attention will also be paid to that reaction against things regarded as "foreign” which, always present in South Africa, gathered strength from the 1860's, gained expression in official quarters especially after 1948 and which, together with the policy of separate development, greatly affected activities in terms of Act 40/1947.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1968
Extractives of Leonotis and Euryops species
- Authors: Eagle, G A
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Stereochemistry Leonotis -- Analysis Euryops -- Analysis Botanical chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4465 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011610
- Description: The isolation and structure determination of dubiin and leonitin, two new diterpenoid acetates from Leonotis dubia and Leonotis leonitis respectively, are discussed. The compounds are diterpenoids of the labdane type and are closely related to marrubiin. The proposed structures are based on chemical and spectral evidence. Dubiin, C₂₂H₃₀0₆̕ contains a tertiary hydroxy- group, a furan ring and a ó-lactone while leonitin, C₂₂H₃₀0₇̕ is a γ - dilactone. at C-20. Both compounds are unusual in being oxygenated The extraction of three Euryops species and the isolation of euryopsol, C₂₂H₃₀0₄̕̕ are also described. A furanoeremophilane structure containing three hydroxy- groups, one of which is at a bridgehead position, is proposed. Euryopsol is the first furanoeremophilanoid with a substituent attached at C-IO
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1971
- Authors: Eagle, G A
- Date: 1971
- Subjects: Stereochemistry Leonotis -- Analysis Euryops -- Analysis Botanical chemistry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4465 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011610
- Description: The isolation and structure determination of dubiin and leonitin, two new diterpenoid acetates from Leonotis dubia and Leonotis leonitis respectively, are discussed. The compounds are diterpenoids of the labdane type and are closely related to marrubiin. The proposed structures are based on chemical and spectral evidence. Dubiin, C₂₂H₃₀0₆̕ contains a tertiary hydroxy- group, a furan ring and a ó-lactone while leonitin, C₂₂H₃₀0₇̕ is a γ - dilactone. at C-20. Both compounds are unusual in being oxygenated The extraction of three Euryops species and the isolation of euryopsol, C₂₂H₃₀0₄̕̕ are also described. A furanoeremophilane structure containing three hydroxy- groups, one of which is at a bridgehead position, is proposed. Euryopsol is the first furanoeremophilanoid with a substituent attached at C-IO
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1971
The presentation of African government leaders or Sovereigns' in selected African and mainstream films
- Tjalle, Rosalie Olivia Vanessa
- Authors: Tjalle, Rosalie Olivia Vanessa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Motion pictures -- Political aspects -- Africa Political science -- Philosophy , Sovereignty
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12392 , vital:27062
- Description: African Cinema is an entity as diverse as the various countries, languages and cultures on this continent. The entertainment value of Cinema has been more popular than the study of its ideological significance, but nevertheless in a contemporary Africa where politics affect the social, cultural and economical survival of its citizens, Cinema can be used as a valuable asset and a powerful means of communication that can conscientize and educate African audiences. Thomas Hobbes’s leadership model and political theory of sovereignty, though a XVIIth century framework, can theoretically contribute in the analysis of the representation of African leadership styles in Cinema. This article analyzes four fiction films representing four different political leaders in, respectively, South Africa, Uganda, Cameroon and Nigeria. A film content analysis will explore the different representation of leadership styles, the personality of each leader, the power struggles in each society and how this may suggest value judgments about African leadership to the films’ various target audiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Tjalle, Rosalie Olivia Vanessa
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Motion pictures -- Political aspects -- Africa Political science -- Philosophy , Sovereignty
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12392 , vital:27062
- Description: African Cinema is an entity as diverse as the various countries, languages and cultures on this continent. The entertainment value of Cinema has been more popular than the study of its ideological significance, but nevertheless in a contemporary Africa where politics affect the social, cultural and economical survival of its citizens, Cinema can be used as a valuable asset and a powerful means of communication that can conscientize and educate African audiences. Thomas Hobbes’s leadership model and political theory of sovereignty, though a XVIIth century framework, can theoretically contribute in the analysis of the representation of African leadership styles in Cinema. This article analyzes four fiction films representing four different political leaders in, respectively, South Africa, Uganda, Cameroon and Nigeria. A film content analysis will explore the different representation of leadership styles, the personality of each leader, the power struggles in each society and how this may suggest value judgments about African leadership to the films’ various target audiences.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Achieving more cost-effective implementation of an Eastern Cape Thicket Rehabilitation project
- Authors: Gusha, Samora Mkuseli
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Project management -- Cost effectiveness , Cost control , Activity-based costing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6214 , vital:21056
- Description: The study was looking at achieving more cost-effective implementation of the Eastern Cape Thicket Rehabilitation Project. Project management has been identified as a key for a proper implementation of any kind of work. For project management to be effective, individual learning and development of project managers is of paramount importance. An improved communication process is vital, that clearly specifies objectives if any success will be achieved. A proper and structural way of addressing change is a need, so that no unnecessary delays are experienced. A need is there for processes to be streamlined to avoid duplications as they are unnecessary costs. Employees need to be given an opportunity to have their ideas looked at, a way of testing if they really have been empowered. The important thing is that their views must speak to the standards of the project. Reductions in costs are a must for more communities to benefit in the project. Continuous improvement is the way forward.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Gusha, Samora Mkuseli
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Project management -- Cost effectiveness , Cost control , Activity-based costing
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6214 , vital:21056
- Description: The study was looking at achieving more cost-effective implementation of the Eastern Cape Thicket Rehabilitation Project. Project management has been identified as a key for a proper implementation of any kind of work. For project management to be effective, individual learning and development of project managers is of paramount importance. An improved communication process is vital, that clearly specifies objectives if any success will be achieved. A proper and structural way of addressing change is a need, so that no unnecessary delays are experienced. A need is there for processes to be streamlined to avoid duplications as they are unnecessary costs. Employees need to be given an opportunity to have their ideas looked at, a way of testing if they really have been empowered. The important thing is that their views must speak to the standards of the project. Reductions in costs are a must for more communities to benefit in the project. Continuous improvement is the way forward.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Haul Music : transnationalism and musical performance in the Saharaui refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria
- Authors: Gimenez Amoros, Luis
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Bedouins -- Music -- Research Sahrawi (African people) -- Migrations Social change -- Arab countries Arab countries -- Social life and customs Civilization, Arab
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2637 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002302
- Description: The thesis presents ethnographic data and musical analysis (in the form of transcriptions) of Haul music which is the music style performed by Bedouin societies in Trab el Bidan region (Mauritania, Western Sahara, northern Mali, southern Algeria and northern Morocco). It is based on field research undertaken in Algeria in 2004-05 in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria, where Saharaui people (a Bedouin society)live in exile. This research is unique and original as Haul has not, until now, been explored in depth by any scholar. My research on Haul reveals that the changes in Saharaui music in the refugee camps of Tindouf reflect changes in the musical traditions of Bedouin societies as whole; changes that can be traced to the revolution which occurred in Western Sahara in 1975, and changes that are a result of the migrations and life in exile that followed. I argue that these changes occurred due to the transnational experiences undergone by Saharaui people in their forced exile (caused by the Moroccan state) from their homeland in Western Sahara to Algeria. Further, I assert that the invocation of memory in Bedouin musical styles is evidence of past musical practices being retained in contemporary Haul performance, although other musical changes are similarly in progress.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Gimenez Amoros, Luis
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Bedouins -- Music -- Research Sahrawi (African people) -- Migrations Social change -- Arab countries Arab countries -- Social life and customs Civilization, Arab
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2637 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002302
- Description: The thesis presents ethnographic data and musical analysis (in the form of transcriptions) of Haul music which is the music style performed by Bedouin societies in Trab el Bidan region (Mauritania, Western Sahara, northern Mali, southern Algeria and northern Morocco). It is based on field research undertaken in Algeria in 2004-05 in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria, where Saharaui people (a Bedouin society)live in exile. This research is unique and original as Haul has not, until now, been explored in depth by any scholar. My research on Haul reveals that the changes in Saharaui music in the refugee camps of Tindouf reflect changes in the musical traditions of Bedouin societies as whole; changes that can be traced to the revolution which occurred in Western Sahara in 1975, and changes that are a result of the migrations and life in exile that followed. I argue that these changes occurred due to the transnational experiences undergone by Saharaui people in their forced exile (caused by the Moroccan state) from their homeland in Western Sahara to Algeria. Further, I assert that the invocation of memory in Bedouin musical styles is evidence of past musical practices being retained in contemporary Haul performance, although other musical changes are similarly in progress.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
An evaluation of the quality customer service delivered by Eskom to rural household customers in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Myoli, Mncedi Eric
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power distribution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electric power distribution -- Customer services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electric power distribution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Quality control , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Customer services -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural electrification -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:838 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013564
- Description: [Abstract - Conclusion]: This research study confirms the theory in the literature review on delivery of quality service to customers and premise that there is a statistically significant difference between Eskom service as perceived by rural prepaid household customers and their expectations. This study also highlights the need for Eskom management to take into cognisance the unique rural prepaid customer service needs and how to meet them, perhaps a differentiated service approach rather than a one-strategy-fits-all approach. This is in view of gaps created between expectations and perceptions of service, especially in the reliability dimension that could require a concentrated or changed performance approach to close them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Myoli, Mncedi Eric
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power distribution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electric power distribution -- Customer services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electric power distribution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Quality control , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Customer services -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural electrification -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:838 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013564
- Description: [Abstract - Conclusion]: This research study confirms the theory in the literature review on delivery of quality service to customers and premise that there is a statistically significant difference between Eskom service as perceived by rural prepaid household customers and their expectations. This study also highlights the need for Eskom management to take into cognisance the unique rural prepaid customer service needs and how to meet them, perhaps a differentiated service approach rather than a one-strategy-fits-all approach. This is in view of gaps created between expectations and perceptions of service, especially in the reliability dimension that could require a concentrated or changed performance approach to close them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
Community attitudes on differences between therapeutic interventions offered by traditional healers and biomedics in combatting HIV/AIDS. The case of Dimbaza township
- Authors: Duda, Bathandwa Zimkhitha
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Healers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape AIDS (Disease)-- Treatment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12788 , vital:39361
- Description: The researcher attempted to investigate and assess the attitudes about therapeutic interventions of traditional healers and bio medics which throw PLWHA into confusion in regards to their health. People living with the virus tend to use both therapies in tandem, yet the rate of HIV/AIDS is escalating in South Africa. This study sought to explore the community attitudes about traditional healing and bio- medics in treating HIV/AIDS. The study used a qualitative approach with explorative and descriptive in designs and a case study as the specific research design. It was also guided by a qualitative research paradigm. For data collection, the study employed in-depth interviews, focus groups and document analysis. The study used non-probability methodology of sample selection, but specifically, snow ball sampling was used to reach to twenty (20) participants; who comprised 6 community members, 6 people living with HIV/AIDS, 4 nurses and 4 traditional healers. Data was analysed qualitatively through content thematic analysis. The study came up with the following findings: lack of faith in traditional healers and their therapies; traditional healers put the PLWHA’s health at stake; cultural beliefs and faith systems’ conformity prompts PLWHA to use healer’s concoctions; ARVs passes the litmus test as a perfect medication in treating PLWHA; ARVs administration fosters good behaviour change; the side effects of the use of ARVs usher in an opportunity to spread the disease; health care workers are source of inspiration in combating stigma; traditional healers’ therapeutic modalities are dangerous to the health of the PLWHA; traditional healers hoodwink societies that HIV/AIDS is a spiritual disease and use of traditional medication in treatment of various ailments supported. The study recommended the following; Scientific researchers need to shed more light on the concurrent use of traditional and bio-medical therapy in managing HIV; World Health Organization need to develop campaigns on the use of African and Western therapies in treating HIV/AIDS; Ongoing training of traditional healers regarding health care practise need to be enforced; Promote cultural methods as a vehicle for prevention strategies to prevent and manage HIV/AIDS and referral of clients to the hospital by traditional healers. Recommendations for social workers; Community based campaigns in managing and preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS and Empower, educate and monitor traditional healers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Duda, Bathandwa Zimkhitha
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Healers -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Traditional medicine -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape AIDS (Disease)-- Treatment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12788 , vital:39361
- Description: The researcher attempted to investigate and assess the attitudes about therapeutic interventions of traditional healers and bio medics which throw PLWHA into confusion in regards to their health. People living with the virus tend to use both therapies in tandem, yet the rate of HIV/AIDS is escalating in South Africa. This study sought to explore the community attitudes about traditional healing and bio- medics in treating HIV/AIDS. The study used a qualitative approach with explorative and descriptive in designs and a case study as the specific research design. It was also guided by a qualitative research paradigm. For data collection, the study employed in-depth interviews, focus groups and document analysis. The study used non-probability methodology of sample selection, but specifically, snow ball sampling was used to reach to twenty (20) participants; who comprised 6 community members, 6 people living with HIV/AIDS, 4 nurses and 4 traditional healers. Data was analysed qualitatively through content thematic analysis. The study came up with the following findings: lack of faith in traditional healers and their therapies; traditional healers put the PLWHA’s health at stake; cultural beliefs and faith systems’ conformity prompts PLWHA to use healer’s concoctions; ARVs passes the litmus test as a perfect medication in treating PLWHA; ARVs administration fosters good behaviour change; the side effects of the use of ARVs usher in an opportunity to spread the disease; health care workers are source of inspiration in combating stigma; traditional healers’ therapeutic modalities are dangerous to the health of the PLWHA; traditional healers hoodwink societies that HIV/AIDS is a spiritual disease and use of traditional medication in treatment of various ailments supported. The study recommended the following; Scientific researchers need to shed more light on the concurrent use of traditional and bio-medical therapy in managing HIV; World Health Organization need to develop campaigns on the use of African and Western therapies in treating HIV/AIDS; Ongoing training of traditional healers regarding health care practise need to be enforced; Promote cultural methods as a vehicle for prevention strategies to prevent and manage HIV/AIDS and referral of clients to the hospital by traditional healers. Recommendations for social workers; Community based campaigns in managing and preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS and Empower, educate and monitor traditional healers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Establishing criteria to evaluate reading programmes intended for intermediate to advanced level ESL learners in South African schools
- Authors: Chipasula, Esther Kamana
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Second language acquisition -- South Africa English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers Reading comprehension
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003403
- Description: This study set out to formulate criteria for evaluating reading comprehension materials intended for ESL readers in~high schools in South Africa. Such criteria may help teachers in selecting textbooks which have theoretically-informed reading programmes. It was first necessary, therefore, to isolate those points from reading comprehension theory that could be included in the criteria. Secondly, other checklists/criteria in ESL evaluation were examined to identify a framework within which to work. In the first draft, questions to be included in the criteria/checklist were formulated using justification from reading comprehension theory. A focus group technique was then used to obtain preliminary feedback on the usability of the checklist. Suggestions from the focus group were used to revise the cri teria . A final checklist was prepared which teachers could use as an instrument to evaluate reading comprehension programmes in language textbooks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Chipasula, Esther Kamana
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Second language acquisition -- South Africa English language -- Study and teaching -- South Africa -- Foreign speakers Reading comprehension
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1521 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003403
- Description: This study set out to formulate criteria for evaluating reading comprehension materials intended for ESL readers in~high schools in South Africa. Such criteria may help teachers in selecting textbooks which have theoretically-informed reading programmes. It was first necessary, therefore, to isolate those points from reading comprehension theory that could be included in the criteria. Secondly, other checklists/criteria in ESL evaluation were examined to identify a framework within which to work. In the first draft, questions to be included in the criteria/checklist were formulated using justification from reading comprehension theory. A focus group technique was then used to obtain preliminary feedback on the usability of the checklist. Suggestions from the focus group were used to revise the cri teria . A final checklist was prepared which teachers could use as an instrument to evaluate reading comprehension programmes in language textbooks.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
The identification of factors that contribute to the competitive advantage of the catalytic converter industry cluster in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Manlee, Tamaryn
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Competition , Industrial management , Automobiles -- Catalytic converters
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10892 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/99 , Competition , Industrial management , Automobiles -- Catalytic converters
- Description: The research problem addressed in this study was to determine what the main factors are that contribute to the competitive advantage of the catalytic converter industry cluster in the Eastern Cape. To achieve this objective theoretical models of competitive advantage and literature of industry clustering were identified. For the models on competitive advantage, Porter’s diamond was used for national competitive advantage and Porter’s model on the competitive environment, which affects the competitive advantage of a region. Other theories on competitive advantage of cities and regions were identified, leading up to the theory on the cluster approach. The literature mentioned was broken down and analysed using literature, from knowledgeable people in the automotive industry in the Eastern Cape, identified during the study. A questionnaire was developed to test the degree to which the catalytic converter industry cluster in the Eastern Cape is in agreement with the literature study. The empirical study obtained a strong concurrence with the literature study on national competitive advantage and the theory of clusters. This resulted in a strategy for the catalytic converter industry cluster to sustain competitive advantage and remain globally competitive.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Manlee, Tamaryn
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: Competition , Industrial management , Automobiles -- Catalytic converters
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:10892 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/99 , Competition , Industrial management , Automobiles -- Catalytic converters
- Description: The research problem addressed in this study was to determine what the main factors are that contribute to the competitive advantage of the catalytic converter industry cluster in the Eastern Cape. To achieve this objective theoretical models of competitive advantage and literature of industry clustering were identified. For the models on competitive advantage, Porter’s diamond was used for national competitive advantage and Porter’s model on the competitive environment, which affects the competitive advantage of a region. Other theories on competitive advantage of cities and regions were identified, leading up to the theory on the cluster approach. The literature mentioned was broken down and analysed using literature, from knowledgeable people in the automotive industry in the Eastern Cape, identified during the study. A questionnaire was developed to test the degree to which the catalytic converter industry cluster in the Eastern Cape is in agreement with the literature study. The empirical study obtained a strong concurrence with the literature study on national competitive advantage and the theory of clusters. This resulted in a strategy for the catalytic converter industry cluster to sustain competitive advantage and remain globally competitive.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
A study of the relationship between personality factors and attitudes towards perceived problem animals in white small-stock farmers of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Van Rensburg, Eureta Janse
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa Farmers -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1782 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003667
- Description: This study explores a possible relationship between personality factors and attitudes towards perceived problem animals in a sample of 17 white, male, full-time small- stock farmers in the Eastern Cape district of Cradock. Personality factors were analysed by means of Cattell's l6 Personality Factor Questionnaire, standardised for South Africa. Attitudes were determined by qualitative analysis of data from semi-structured interviews. Specific personality factors associated with positive and negative attitudes towards 'problem animals', including Lynx Felis caracal, eagles and vultures, were identified. Demographic and situational influences and certain world views associated with environmental attitudes are also discussed. Re-orientation of perspectives are recommended for farmers, conservationists and environmental educators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1991
- Authors: Van Rensburg, Eureta Janse
- Date: 1991
- Subjects: Conservation of natural resources -- South Africa Farmers -- Psychology
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1782 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003667
- Description: This study explores a possible relationship between personality factors and attitudes towards perceived problem animals in a sample of 17 white, male, full-time small- stock farmers in the Eastern Cape district of Cradock. Personality factors were analysed by means of Cattell's l6 Personality Factor Questionnaire, standardised for South Africa. Attitudes were determined by qualitative analysis of data from semi-structured interviews. Specific personality factors associated with positive and negative attitudes towards 'problem animals', including Lynx Felis caracal, eagles and vultures, were identified. Demographic and situational influences and certain world views associated with environmental attitudes are also discussed. Re-orientation of perspectives are recommended for farmers, conservationists and environmental educators.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1991
Grade 12 learners' perceptions of the effect of urban agriculture on life satisfaction in Duncan Village
- Authors: Beni, Ntombomzi Octavia
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Urban agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Agricultural education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17861 , vital:41461
- Description: The importance of agricultural sciences in the school curriculum all over the world cannot be over-emphasized. It includes an alternative source of fresh produce, improved life satisfaction and a way to preserve cultural identity and traditions. This research study seeks to investigate the perception of Grade 12 learners on the effects of urban agriculture on life satisfaction in Duncan Village. The study adopts a descriptive survey design to elicit information from the respondents on their perceptions on the effects of urban agriculture on life satisfaction. A validated structured questionnaire whose reliability co-efficient is 0.81 was used to collect information. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 78 (seventy-eight) Grade 12 learners. The study reveals among others some components of life satisfaction as a result of urban agriculture. These components are; nutrition, self-employment, food security and poverty eradication and they have positive effects on life satisfaction of the respondents. The study recommends that the South Africa Government should make agriculture education as a compulsory subject for grade 10 and 11 learners in rural areas. This will enable them to develop entrepreneurial skills and self-reliance mentality before they finish their secondary school careers. Similarly, the practical components of this subject should constitute 50percent if not more from the overall marks. Realisation of this idea will alleviate, to some extent burden of unemployment and food scarcity as school leavers will be able to implement right away agricultural skills already acquired.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Beni, Ntombomzi Octavia
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Urban agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Agricultural education
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/17861 , vital:41461
- Description: The importance of agricultural sciences in the school curriculum all over the world cannot be over-emphasized. It includes an alternative source of fresh produce, improved life satisfaction and a way to preserve cultural identity and traditions. This research study seeks to investigate the perception of Grade 12 learners on the effects of urban agriculture on life satisfaction in Duncan Village. The study adopts a descriptive survey design to elicit information from the respondents on their perceptions on the effects of urban agriculture on life satisfaction. A validated structured questionnaire whose reliability co-efficient is 0.81 was used to collect information. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 78 (seventy-eight) Grade 12 learners. The study reveals among others some components of life satisfaction as a result of urban agriculture. These components are; nutrition, self-employment, food security and poverty eradication and they have positive effects on life satisfaction of the respondents. The study recommends that the South Africa Government should make agriculture education as a compulsory subject for grade 10 and 11 learners in rural areas. This will enable them to develop entrepreneurial skills and self-reliance mentality before they finish their secondary school careers. Similarly, the practical components of this subject should constitute 50percent if not more from the overall marks. Realisation of this idea will alleviate, to some extent burden of unemployment and food scarcity as school leavers will be able to implement right away agricultural skills already acquired.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
An exploration of the effectiveness of social work interventions in assisting children living with HIV/AIDS : the case of Nobuhle Unit 8 Community Clinic, Mdantsane, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mdlankomo, Andiswa Pamella
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Social case work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Social work with children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8574 , vital:33137
- Description: Social work practice in South African societies is of paramount importance because of high levels of poverty and various vulnerabilities. Despite the fact that there is much research on social work and children living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa, the link between social work approaches and vulnerable children has remained silent. Therefore, it was necessary to explore the quality of service delivery and understand how effective are social work interventions towards specific vulnerable children with the aim of enhancing their wellbeing. Thus, the study explored social work interventions towards assisting children living with HIV/AIDS. The study adopted qualitative research approach method for the purposes of collecting data. In-depth interviews were used as methods of data collection to find out the effectiveness and relevancy of social work interventions towards assisting children living with HIV/AIDS. The data was thematically analysed. The main findings indicated a lack of commitment in social work practice and that mirrors a lack of adequate Continuous Professional Development Training (CPDT); Social work practice in Mdantsane is overwhelmed by statutory work; and social work practice as associated with monotonous duties or an inescapable boring work routine. Moreover, the study unearthed that social workers‟ interventions towards assisting children living with HIV/AIDS are ineffective in Mdantsane Nobuhle Unit 8 community due to service delivery constraints faced by social workers, such as lack of specific HIV/AIDS proper care work training of social workers, lack of resources, high caseloads, misconceptions, and poor implementation of governmental policies. Hence, the study recommends the need for more social workers to fill up this shortage. Thus, the study recommended that there should be an indigenous social welfare and social work practice of assisting children infected and affected by HIV/AIDs. Furthermore, the study recommended that social workers should be equipped with local based skills and knowledge so as to be able to practice professionally. The study concluded that, there should be practical interventions looking into the socio-economic and political contexts and challenging the theorization of the practice, but adopting a more pragmatic approach through influencing and lobbying the government to respondent to the children needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Mdlankomo, Andiswa Pamella
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Social case work -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Social work with children -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape HIV infections
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/8574 , vital:33137
- Description: Social work practice in South African societies is of paramount importance because of high levels of poverty and various vulnerabilities. Despite the fact that there is much research on social work and children living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa, the link between social work approaches and vulnerable children has remained silent. Therefore, it was necessary to explore the quality of service delivery and understand how effective are social work interventions towards specific vulnerable children with the aim of enhancing their wellbeing. Thus, the study explored social work interventions towards assisting children living with HIV/AIDS. The study adopted qualitative research approach method for the purposes of collecting data. In-depth interviews were used as methods of data collection to find out the effectiveness and relevancy of social work interventions towards assisting children living with HIV/AIDS. The data was thematically analysed. The main findings indicated a lack of commitment in social work practice and that mirrors a lack of adequate Continuous Professional Development Training (CPDT); Social work practice in Mdantsane is overwhelmed by statutory work; and social work practice as associated with monotonous duties or an inescapable boring work routine. Moreover, the study unearthed that social workers‟ interventions towards assisting children living with HIV/AIDS are ineffective in Mdantsane Nobuhle Unit 8 community due to service delivery constraints faced by social workers, such as lack of specific HIV/AIDS proper care work training of social workers, lack of resources, high caseloads, misconceptions, and poor implementation of governmental policies. Hence, the study recommends the need for more social workers to fill up this shortage. Thus, the study recommended that there should be an indigenous social welfare and social work practice of assisting children infected and affected by HIV/AIDs. Furthermore, the study recommended that social workers should be equipped with local based skills and knowledge so as to be able to practice professionally. The study concluded that, there should be practical interventions looking into the socio-economic and political contexts and challenging the theorization of the practice, but adopting a more pragmatic approach through influencing and lobbying the government to respondent to the children needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
The effect of elevated temperature on the nutrient requirements of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (Pisces : Salmonidae) and the development of "least cost" feeds for trout production in South Africa
- Authors: McEwan, Anthony Graham
- Date: 1988
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21150 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6606
- Description: A review of trout metabolism, ingested energetic pathways, essential dietary nutrient requirements and the effect of water temperature on trout physiology identified the need to determine the effect of elevated temperatures (>18oC) on the nutrient requirements of rainbow trout. This review led to the hypothesis that as the temperature exceeds the optimum the growth potential of trout decreases with a theoretical concomitant decrease in the protein requirement. However, the increased metabolic rates of the fish should be reflected by an increased demand for lipids. The experiments designed to test this hypothesis revealed that at temperatures in excess of 18 oC the protein requirement for small (4.5g) and larger (>25g) juvenile rainbow trout are 40 and 35% respectively. This represents a decrease of 10% for the small juveniles and no change for larger juveniles compared to their requirements at optimum temperatures. The lipid requirements for the small as well as the larger juveniles increased by approximately 5 percent, to between 20 and 23 percent, compared to the requirement at optimum temperatures. Consequently the hypothesis was accepted. A review of practical diet formulation is presented along with a description of the experiments conducted to test several "least cost" diets under South African conditions. Recommendations that winter and summer diets be formulated and that the trout producers manufacture their own feeds are made. The most appropriate diet formulated and tested effected a 21 to 29.9 percent saving compared to the currently available feeds in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988
- Authors: McEwan, Anthony Graham
- Date: 1988
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:21150 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6606
- Description: A review of trout metabolism, ingested energetic pathways, essential dietary nutrient requirements and the effect of water temperature on trout physiology identified the need to determine the effect of elevated temperatures (>18oC) on the nutrient requirements of rainbow trout. This review led to the hypothesis that as the temperature exceeds the optimum the growth potential of trout decreases with a theoretical concomitant decrease in the protein requirement. However, the increased metabolic rates of the fish should be reflected by an increased demand for lipids. The experiments designed to test this hypothesis revealed that at temperatures in excess of 18 oC the protein requirement for small (4.5g) and larger (>25g) juvenile rainbow trout are 40 and 35% respectively. This represents a decrease of 10% for the small juveniles and no change for larger juveniles compared to their requirements at optimum temperatures. The lipid requirements for the small as well as the larger juveniles increased by approximately 5 percent, to between 20 and 23 percent, compared to the requirement at optimum temperatures. Consequently the hypothesis was accepted. A review of practical diet formulation is presented along with a description of the experiments conducted to test several "least cost" diets under South African conditions. Recommendations that winter and summer diets be formulated and that the trout producers manufacture their own feeds are made. The most appropriate diet formulated and tested effected a 21 to 29.9 percent saving compared to the currently available feeds in South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1988