http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41933 Wed 28 Sep 2022 14:29:44 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41611 Wed 13 Mar 2024 14:10:26 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39508 Wed 13 Mar 2024 14:03:23 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38503 Wed 12 May 2021 23:20:29 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38418 Wed 12 May 2021 22:48:03 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39778 Wed 12 May 2021 22:45:24 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38696 0.05), allrounders took longer to fall asleep (g = 0.90 [0.23;1.57]), obtained less total sleep (0.76 [0.29;1.42]) and had lower morning freshness scores (g = 1.10 [0.42;1.78]) the night before a match compared to batsmen. Wake after sleep onset and get up time were moderately longer (g = 0.61 [0.22;1.26]) and later (g = 0.62 [0.27;1.17]) before. Twenty20 matches compared to One-Day International matches respectively. Further, sleep duration significantly declined from pre-match to post-match during the multi-day Test format (p = 0.04, g= 0.75 [0.40;1.12]). Late alcohol consumption was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with a decrease in total sleep time, regardless of match venue (home: rs (49) = -0.69; away: rs (27) = -0.57). During the away condition, an increase in age was significantly associated with longer wake after sleep onset durations (rs (13) = 0.52, p = 0.0003), while greater elite experience was significantly associated with longer total sleep time (rs (72) = 0.36, p = 0.02). The non-sleep medication group took significantly longer to fall asleep compared to the sleep medication group during the first week of the away condition (p = 0.02, g = 0.75 [0.25;1.26]) particularly on nights following transmeridian travel. Although not significant ( p > 0.05), Asian/Indian players had moderately longer sleep onset latencies (g = 1.07 [0.66;1.47]), wake after sleep onset durations (g = 0.86 [0.42;1.29]), and lower subjective sleep quality (g = 0.86 [0.46;1.26]) and morning freshness scores (g = 0.89 [0.47;1.27]) compared to Whites. Similarly, Black Africans had moderately lower subjective sleep quality scores compared to Whites (g = 0.71 [0.43;0.97]). Longer sleep onset latencies and shorter total sleep times were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with poorer One-Day International (rs (28) = -0.57) and Test (rs (12) = 0.59) batting performances respectively. Higher subjective sleep quality scores were significantly associated with better Twenty20 bowling economies (rs (8) = -0.52). Discussion: There was no evidence of poor pre-match sleep behaviour, irrespective of venue; however, the most apparent disruption to sleep occurred post-match (similar to that found in other team-sports). Most disparities in sleep between match venues existed post-travel, with better sleep behaviour observed during the home condition. The differences in sleep patterns found in all three match formats were expected given the variations in format scheduling and duration. Although sleep medication was shown to promote better sleep, its long-term effectiveness was limited. The results promote the implementation of practical strategies aimed to reduce bedtime light-emitting technology use, late evening alcohol consumption and muscle pain. Inter-individual sleep behaviour was found between player roles, age, experience level and race. Moderate associations existed between sleep and markers of batting performance, specifically for the longer, strategic formats of the game. Conclusion: The current study provided new insight of the sleep behaviour in elite South African cricket players during competition. Individualized sleep monitoring practices are encouraged, with specific supervision over older, less experienced players as well as the racial minorities and allrounders of the team. The poor post-match sleep behaviour, together with the sleep and performance correlations, provide ideal opportunities for future interventions to focus on match recovery and the use sleep monitoring as a competitive advantage.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:35:34 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37671 A in exon 41 is the most prevalent LRRK2 variation which causes a substitution of glycine to serine in G2019S in the highly activated loop of its MAP kinase domain. The LRRK2 G2019S variant is the most common genetic determinant of Parkinson’s disease identified to date. This work focused on building accurate 3D models of the LRRK2 kinase domain, that were used for large-scale in silico docking against South African natural compounds from the South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB; https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za/). Molecular docking was performed to identify compounds that formed interactions with the active site of the protein and had the lowest binding energy scores. Molecular dynamics simulations showed different movements of the protein-ligand complexes and behavioural difference of the wildtype and the variants, all three structures proved to be compact. Network analysis was done to study residue interactions, contact maps, dynamic cross correlations, average BC and average L were used to study the residue interactions and general residue contribution to the functioning of the protein..]]> Wed 12 May 2021 22:17:40 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38243 Wed 12 May 2021 20:52:22 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38362 Wed 12 May 2021 20:37:27 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32299 Wed 12 May 2021 20:35:35 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38181 Wed 12 May 2021 20:30:23 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39154 0.05) differences. The protein and salt content were significantly higher in frozen-thawed (24.3 and 0.13%) muscles than in fresh muscle (20.2 and 0.08%); whereas the fat content and pH were lower (P<0.05) in frozen-thawed (5.36) compared to fresh muscles (5.51). Between muscles, the moisture, salt content, and pH were higher in BF muscles than in SM muscles (73.2, 0.12% and 5.49). Aw was affected by the interaction between freezing and muscle type, with frozenthawed SM having lower Aw (0.990). During salting, salt, weight and water gain did not show any differences (P<0.05). There were no major significant differences after salting. There were lower TBARS and pH in frozen-thawed (1.5mgMDA/kg and 5.15) muscles than in fresh muscles (3.3mgMDA/kg and 5.19) as well as in SM muscles (1.8mgMDA/kg and 5.16) than in BF muscles (3.0mgMDA/kg and 5.19). The moisture was significantly lower in frozen-thawed SM (68.1%) than in fresh SM, BF and frozen-thawed BF (69.3,70.5 and 71.7%) after salting. On the final product, the interaction between muscle type and freezing affected the moisture content, TBARS, chewiness and the springiness of biltong, with the biltong from fresh SM (39.8%) having significantly lower moisture content compared frozenthawed BF and ST muscles as well fresh BF muscles (42.8% in average). The TBARS were higher in biltong from fresh BF muscles (5.1mgMDA/kg) compared to other muscles. Furthermore, the chewiness and springiness were higher (P<0.05) in biltong produced from SM frozen-thawed muscles (327.7N and 1.5). The WBSF was higher in biltong from the BF muscles (108.8N) than in the biltong from SM (80.1) but it was not affected by the freezing effect (P>0.05). Freezing did not show any major differences in biltong. iv The third experiment was conducted to determine the effect of freezing African buffalo carcasses on weight loss during salting, physico-chemical and textural properties of biltong. Five muscles (ST, SM, BF, LTL, and RF) were randomly selected from 30 carcasses (15 frozen-thawed and 15 fresh), cut along the grain, traditionally salted and dried at 26oC till they lost 45-50% of their initial weight. The salting weight loss was higher in frozen-thawed muscles (-1.45%) than in fresh muscles (-0.89%). The freezing treatment affected the physico-chemical properties of the biltong. The biltong produced from frozen-thawed muscles showed significantly higher protein and ash (47.6 and 7.6%) compared to fresh (43.9 and 7.1); whereas the moisture, fat, pH and Aw were lower (43.7, 2.1, 0.870 and 5.30, respectively) compared to those of biltong from fresh muscles (45.5%, 2.9%, 0.890 and 5.38). The moisture, pH and fat content were further affected by muscle type. The interactive effect was observed in salt content, with RF frozen-thawed showing higher salt content (8.2%) compared to all other muscles. The hardness and WBSF were significantly higher (P<0.05) in biltong frozen-thawed (204.1N and 135.0N) than in fresh muscles (146.2N and 113.1N). Moreover, the chewiness and springiness were affected (P<0.05) by muscle type, with RF muscle having higher springiness 0.89 and chewiness 171.1N than all the other muscles. Therefore, it can be concluded that freezing buffalo carcasses significantly influenced the quality characteristics of biltong. The fourth experiment studied the effect of drying methods on physico-chemical properties of traditional biltong produced from African buffalo muscles. The BF and SM muscles were randomly selected from 15 fresh carcasses, cut into strips, salted and divided into two batches per muscle. The first batch of each muscle type was dried in the ambient-air drier at 22oC average and the second batch in the cabinet drier at 26 oC till 45-50% weight loss. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in salting weight loss between the drying method and muscle type. The protein content was significantly higher in SM (46%) muscles compared to v BF (43%) but there was no effect (P>0.05) caused by the drying method. The interactions between the muscle type and drying method affected the fat content, with biltong from airdried BF muscles having significant lower (2.1%) fat content. There were no significant differences in other physico-chemical properties of biltong, with moisture content, salt, ash content, Aw and pH being 45.0%, 5.13%, 44.8%, 7.3%, 2.7%, 0.885 and 5.61 on average, respectively. Overall, the findings of the study show that freezing does have a significant effect on the final quality of biltong. However, it can be concluded that a significant effect on the physico-chemical properties of biltong depends on the changes of mass transfers during salting and drying.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 20:21:30 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38336 Wed 12 May 2021 20:11:48 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37917 Wed 12 May 2021 20:11:11 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38233 Wed 12 May 2021 19:59:26 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37984 Wed 12 May 2021 19:52:12 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38352 Wed 12 May 2021 19:51:57 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38253 0.05) results when temperature was analysed by t-test between 2002 and 2015. There was also a weak correlation between length frequency and the total squid catch in a given year (F Statistic (df = 1; 13) is 3.686 and 5.394 for males and females respectively, R² is 0.221 for males and 0.293 for females), but too weak to interpret, given the lack of other supporting data and the short time series. The ML_TW relationship showed no significant trends between the years for either sex. There was also no correlation between the ML_TW and total squid catch or temperature. A white caecum occurred significantly more often in males than in females (dof = 1; p < 0.05) from General Linear Model (GLM), indicating that the presence of non-feeding males in the spawning grounds may be linked to the behaviour of spawning squid.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 19:49:49 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38232 Wed 12 May 2021 19:47:41 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39479 Wed 12 May 2021 19:37:07 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37954 Wed 12 May 2021 19:34:51 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32298 Wed 12 May 2021 19:33:52 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34529 Wed 12 May 2021 19:30:43 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39829 Wed 12 May 2021 19:21:37 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38424 Wed 12 May 2021 19:09:42 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39780 Wed 12 May 2021 18:45:27 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39601 Wed 12 May 2021 18:43:43 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38575 Wed 12 May 2021 18:39:05 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39565 Wed 12 May 2021 18:36:49 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38373 Wed 12 May 2021 18:28:38 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37859 Wed 12 May 2021 18:21:20 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34485 Wed 12 May 2021 18:15:12 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38448 20 m) and rocky habitats were most important in explaining Chambo abundance and detection probability. The size-structure of Chambo in Lake Malawi/Niassa reflects size-specific depth and habitat migrations. Larger Chambo were observed aggregating in waters deeper than 20 m and a broader size range of individuals were observed utilising structured habitat. The effects of fishing are apparent in the size-structure of Chambo in the areas sampled. In study areas exposed to greater levels of fishing pressure – such as Malawi, the BRUVS detected significantly fewer individuals within sexually mature size classes, and the average size was smaller than in areas with less exploitation.]]> Wed 12 May 2021 17:47:05 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38115 Wed 12 May 2021 17:34:19 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35531 Wed 12 May 2021 17:18:32 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39485 Wed 12 May 2021 17:10:43 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39657 Wed 12 May 2021 17:05:16 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38540 Wed 12 May 2021 16:46:03 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39840 Wed 12 May 2021 16:45:31 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38796 Wed 12 May 2021 16:31:28 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38395 Wed 12 May 2021 16:14:16 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38400 Wed 12 May 2021 16:00:24 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39149 Wed 12 May 2021 15:57:30 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38411 Wed 12 May 2021 15:56:48 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38071 Wed 12 May 2021 15:54:13 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41462 Wed 12 May 2021 15:10:41 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42788 Wed 12 May 2021 15:10:35 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41152 Wed 12 May 2021 15:10:17 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42066 Wed 12 May 2021 15:09:28 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:42705 Wed 12 May 2021 15:08:21 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41028 Wed 12 May 2021 15:08:19 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40690 Wed 12 May 2021 15:07:39 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41432 Wed 12 May 2021 15:06:51 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40881 Wed 12 May 2021 15:06:12 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40895 Wed 12 May 2021 15:06:00 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41159 Wed 12 May 2021 15:05:22 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41013 Wed 12 May 2021 15:04:45 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35439 Thu 13 May 2021 14:04:58 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38512 Thu 13 May 2021 08:11:03 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39662 Thu 13 May 2021 08:10:35 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39749 Thu 13 May 2021 08:08:19 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39512 Thu 13 May 2021 07:09:12 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35406 Thu 13 May 2021 06:50:34 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39665 Thu 13 May 2021 06:38:55 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38427 Thu 13 May 2021 06:17:25 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35437 Thu 13 May 2021 06:00:27 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38466 Thu 13 May 2021 05:58:42 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37891 Thu 13 May 2021 05:55:46 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39152 Thu 13 May 2021 05:52:18 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38394 Thu 13 May 2021 05:41:52 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38747 Thu 13 May 2021 05:31:51 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37604 Thu 13 May 2021 05:17:22 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39313 Thu 13 May 2021 05:03:30 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38102 Thu 13 May 2021 04:58:25 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39663 Thu 13 May 2021 04:50:33 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37825 Thu 13 May 2021 04:44:54 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39583 Thu 13 May 2021 04:43:35 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39602 Thu 13 May 2021 04:43:07 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:34556 Thu 13 May 2021 04:40:36 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:35593 Thu 13 May 2021 04:26:41 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39498 Thu 13 May 2021 04:16:45 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38543 Thu 13 May 2021 03:27:39 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39511 Thu 13 May 2021 02:43:01 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38658 Thu 13 May 2021 02:30:12 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39135 Thu 13 May 2021 02:06:50 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:37672 Thu 13 May 2021 01:56:21 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:32306 Thu 13 May 2021 01:42:04 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38422 Thu 13 May 2021 01:39:29 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39836 Thu 13 May 2021 01:33:18 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39779 Thu 13 May 2021 01:10:23 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39666 Thu 13 May 2021 01:06:44 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38523 Thu 13 May 2021 00:57:24 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38449 Thu 13 May 2021 00:52:26 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39826 Thu 13 May 2021 00:12:11 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39580 Thu 13 May 2021 00:08:08 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:38244 Thu 13 May 2021 00:04:36 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:40525 Thu 08 Jul 2021 11:35:44 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:39587 Fri 15 Mar 2024 13:12:42 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:41607 Fri 15 Mar 2024 12:11:18 SAST ]]>