http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Index en-us 5 http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49969 Wed 31 Aug 2022 15:54:43 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52606 Wed 29 Jun 2022 10:33:09 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53640 Wed 27 Jul 2022 14:16:56 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53638 Wed 27 Jul 2022 10:32:49 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:56774 Wed 26 Oct 2022 10:32:50 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70249 Wed 24 Jan 2024 08:13:00 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52343 Wed 22 Jun 2022 11:55:41 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53218 Wed 20 Jul 2022 12:45:21 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:50127 Wed 20 Jul 2022 10:18:38 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65724 Wed 12 Jul 2023 09:37:51 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51930 Wed 08 Jun 2022 11:14:20 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49987 Tue 27 Sep 2022 17:48:39 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69914 Tue 21 Nov 2023 20:30:02 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49968 100% inhibition in concentrations ≥ 30 μg/mL and TZDD1, 2 and 4 exhibited ≥ 50% inhibition activity in all the concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μg/mL) in the α-amylase inhibition assay. Similarly, in the α-glucosidase inhibition assay, all the four derivatives exhibited a concentration dependent activity with TZDD3 showing the most activity. All the four derivatives exhibited ≥ 30% inhibition in the aldose reductase inhibition assay except TZDD1 at 10 μg/mL. TZDD4 exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition activity in the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibition assay. Interestingly, TZDD3 showed a decreasing inhibition activity as its concentration increased from 10 μg/mL through to 50 μg/mL. In the dipeptidyl peptidase–4 inhibition assay, TZDD2 and TZDD4 exhibited ≥ 20% inhibition activity across all the concentrations and in the acetylcholinesterase assay, TZDD1, 3 and 4 exhibited ≥ 25% across all the concentrations. Interestingly, in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibition assay, some of these derivatives exhibited partial activation activity and partial inhibition with TZDD1 showing activation in concentrations 10 and 20 μg/mL and inhibition in concentrations 30, 40 and 50 μg/mL. TZDD4 showed activation in all the concentrations. In the β-amyloid aggregation assay, all the four derivatives showed inhibition activity ≥ 10% except TZDD1 at 50 μg/mL. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease are a type of pathology of global concern, and several researchers worldwide have strived to search for novel therapeutic treatments and prevention for diabetes as well as Alzheimer’s disease. Recent studies provide a direct link v between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease, and the need to find novel drugs that can mitigate these two is of increasing interest. In our search for antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s activity, TZD derivatives (TZDD1, TZDD2, TZDD3 and TZDD4) exhibited good antioxidant activity, anti-hyperglycaemic activity and a relatively promising anti-Alzheimer’s activity. This was observed from the in vitro evaluation performed which included α – amylase, α – glucosidase, aldose reductase, PTP1B, DPP4, amyloid β aggregation, and AChE inhibition assays. Furthermore, docking of the derivatives against PPARγ predicted a similar molecular interaction to that of thiazolidinediones using Rosiglitazone as the standard drug. Furthermore, in silico ADME profiling predicted the derivatives to have moderate to good solubility in the GI (good GI bioavailability), and also exhibited excellent drug likeness. However, they are predicted not permeate the BBB. Further in silico studies and in vivo should be conducted to establish toxicities, as well as drug delivery to the brain for effective therapeutic effect against Alzheimer’s disease.]]> Tue 21 Nov 2023 19:57:12 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52323 Tue 21 Jun 2022 15:17:48 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49973 Tue 19 Jul 2022 07:43:58 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:57617 Tue 18 Oct 2022 10:44:28 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65378 Tue 16 Jan 2024 14:38:10 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65377 Tue 16 Jan 2024 14:30:59 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51856 Tue 07 Jun 2022 15:54:58 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51844 Tue 07 Jun 2022 15:22:30 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51841 Tue 07 Jun 2022 11:35:45 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51839 Tue 07 Jun 2022 11:05:08 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51840 Tue 07 Jun 2022 10:55:30 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49983 Tue 06 Sep 2022 19:46:27 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:50943 Tue 06 Sep 2022 19:12:42 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:67363 Tue 05 Sep 2023 12:53:02 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:60913 Thu 19 Jan 2023 16:31:38 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:56078 Thu 15 Sep 2022 12:10:55 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:53186 Thu 14 Jul 2022 11:48:35 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65803 Thu 13 Jul 2023 15:14:29 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65780 Thu 13 Jul 2023 11:50:00 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65778 Thu 13 Jul 2023 11:29:37 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65776 Thu 13 Jul 2023 10:47:08 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51983 Thu 09 Jun 2022 14:57:13 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51747 Thu 08 Sep 2022 10:07:49 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70311 Thu 07 Mar 2024 09:43:57 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:69407 Thu 02 Nov 2023 11:09:31 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51744 Thu 02 Jun 2022 18:13:01 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51739 Thu 02 Jun 2022 11:42:32 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:70538 Sun 10 Dec 2023 13:49:33 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49984 Sun 09 Oct 2022 18:08:57 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:56772 Sat 17 Feb 2024 12:25:24 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:71955 Sat 06 Apr 2024 12:42:05 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52018 Mon 13 Jun 2022 12:24:53 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52016 Mon 13 Jun 2022 12:17:51 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52969 Mon 11 Jul 2022 12:51:28 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49993 Mon 10 Oct 2022 08:47:40 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:52738 0.024, relative frequency citation (RFC) > 0.059 and fidelity level percentage (FLpercent) > 5.911percent, included Asparagus sekukuniensis, Bowiea volubilis, Brackenridgea zanguebarica, Ocotea bullata, Rhynchosia vendae, Siphonochilus aethiopicus and Warburgia salutaris. About 47.0percent of the recorded useful threatened plants were distributed in remote areas of the Thathe Vonḓo and its surroundings. Threatened plants with population size < 100 adult individuals constituted the majority (61.54percent). Birdlime-making plant species were also documented in the current study. A total of 12 birdlime-making plants belonging to six families were recorded, including threatened Huernia nouhuysii, which is categorized as Vulnerable in South Africa. Amongst the recorded families, Loranthaceae and Euphorbiaceae were categorized as the most frequently utilized families. Among the recorded species, six of them were reported to being used in the birdlime-making for the first time and these species include Euphorbia pulvinata (17.2percent), followed by Tapinanthus forbesii (8percent), Tapinanthus rubromarginatus (7.2percent), Erianthemum ngamicum (7.2percent), Englerophytum magalismon-tanum (3.6percent), Huernia nouhuysii (2.0percent), and Euphorbia tirucalli (0.8percent). Only three plant parts were utilized for birdlime-making. The milky latex was preferred plant part (58.3percent), followed by fruit (33.3percent) and root bark (8.4percent). Birdlime-making techniques involved crushing, which accounted for 55.7percent, followed by air blown (29.6percent) and boiling (14.7percent). Furthermore, the complementary contribution of birdlime toward human development included, being used for bird hunting or trapping small birds (45.8percent), adhesion (23.2percent), teeth cleaning (17.2percent) and roof-waterproofing (13.8percent). The indigenous conservation strategies employed by participants included harvesting of single lateral root per individual medicinal plant (15.3percent), medicinal and timber materials are only harvested during winter season (16.7percent), the use of moist soil to cover injured plant part after bark harvest (18.2percent), prohibit harvesting of and/ or from an injured plant (11.8percent), collection of dried or fallen plants for firewood (8.4percent), issuing of permits by traditional council through the chief or headman to allow collection of medicinal materials and timber (9.9percent), prohibit chopping down of medicinal plant species (13.8percent) and collection of some Critically Endangered plant species such as Brackenridgea zanguebarica and Siphonochilus aethiopicus during the night by authorized people only (5.9percent). The hypothesis which stated that traditional knowledge about utilization, distribution and conservation statuses of threatened plant species provide suggestions for appropriate conservation practices can therefore, not be rejected as there is room for further and more detailed ethnobotanical investigations that is focused on human interactions with threatened plant species. The data presented in this thesis could be used as baseline information for formulating new conservation strategies, monitoring and management plans of threatened plant species not only in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, but in other regions of South African. This study provided insights associated with ethnomedicinal uses of Asparagus sekukuniensis, Protea laetans and Encephalartos hirsutus. Results of this study could also stimulate interest in other scientific disciplines such as the phytochemistry, pharmacology, bioprocessing, conservation and anthropology involving documentation threatened plant species.]]> Mon 04 Jul 2022 16:02:32 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49307 Mon 04 Apr 2022 11:49:40 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:49980 Fri 22 Jul 2022 14:44:37 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:48576 Fri 18 Mar 2022 10:51:41 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:65804 S0 excitation energies. The small deviation observed between the calculated and experimental spectra arises from the solvent effect. The excitation energies observed in these UV-Vis spectra mostly originated from electron promotion between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) for the less intense band and the HOMO-1 for the most intense band of the ground states to the lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the excited states.]]> Fri 17 May 2024 16:29:44 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51855 Fri 12 May 2023 12:25:06 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:56773 Fri 11 Nov 2022 13:00:08 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51999 Fri 10 Jun 2022 11:58:45 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:58166 Fri 04 Nov 2022 15:26:38 SAST ]]> http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:51754 Fri 03 Jun 2022 13:13:51 SAST ]]>