- Title
- Preparation and characterisation of nanocomposites of biomass and montmorillonite clay for use as biofuels
- Creator
- Nyamutswa, Lavern Tendayi
- Date Issued
- 2014
- Date
- 2014
- Type
- Thesis
- Type
- Masters
- Type
- MSc (Chemistry)
- Identifier
- vital:11345
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019779
- Description
- The aim of the study was to prepare composites of clay and biomass which burn longer than unmodified biomass. Montmorillonite clay was converted to mono-ionic clay by ion exchange with sodium using sodium chloride solution. The mono-ionic clay was organically modified with an organic surfactant, methyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide. Nanocomposites were then prepared by combining the modified forms of the clay with sawdust. The three forms of clay used for the formation of composites were unmodified montmorillonite, mono-ionic montmorillonite and organically modified montmorillonite. The solution blending method was used to make the nanocomposites. FT-IR and XRD analysis showed that organic surfactant increases the interlayer space of the clay since it is bulkier than the inorganic cations that are naturally present in the interlayer space of montmorillonite. The combination of clay and sawdust resulted in the formation of exfoliated nanocomposites as shown by the absence of peaks in the low 2 theta angle in the x-ray diffraction data of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposite which was made from sawdust and 1% organically modified clay showed the best results in terms of burning time and thermal stability, as well as giving a calorific value closest to unmodified sawdust and the least amount of residue.
- Format
- Format
- 109 leaves; 30 cm
- Publisher
- University of Fort Hare
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science & Agriculture
- Language
- English
- Rights
- University of Fort Hare
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UFH Department of Chemistry
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