- Title
- An evaluation and estimation of risk factors associated with cholera : case study of registered patients in Raymond Mhlaba local municipality, South Africa
- Creator
- Osuji, Georgeleen O
- Subject
- Cholera -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Risk assessment -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Date Issued
- 2017
- Date
- 2017
- Type
- Thesis
- Type
- Masters
- Type
- MSc
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15562
- Identifier
- vital:40459
- Description
- Background: Cholera is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholerae, which has two serogroups01and 0139which is also known as choleragenic V. cholerae. This disease is characterized by profuse watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration which can lead to death of both adult and children if treatment is not promptly given. Cholera is spread through ingestion of V. cholera contaminated water and food. Cholera has displayed global presence more than seven times and caused tremendous disaster to humankind. Method: This was a retrospective study among patients with cholera within the period of ten years (2005 to 2015) and the total number of patients was 106. The target population for this study were patients at Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality who attended Victoria hospital and were diagnosed with Vibrio cholerae species with respect to sources of water and non-water sources during the mentioned period. A multivariate Logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of cholera and comparison was made in the treatment of cholera outcomes for factors which were statistically significant at P < 0.05. Results: The median age was 24.5 (IQR: 7.0-44.8) for all respondents with cholera. Patients within the age range of 26-40 and 41-55 were found to have a higher risk of cholera (2.20, 95percent CI: 1.51, 4.22) and (1.13, 95percent CI: 0.61, 2.01) respectively. The risk of cholera was considerably higher among the black race (2.51, 95percent CI: 1.52, 4.31) compared to the coloured (1.33, 95percent CI: 0.75, 3.713). Patients who used source of water supply from carrier/Tanker and Dam/River had higher increased risk of contracting cholera (1.71, 95percent CI: 0.92, 3.62) and (2.61, 95percent CI: 1.38, 4.25) respectively compared to patients that used other sources of water. Home, party and restaurant as places patients had eaten 24 hours earlier before the onset of cholera were associated with increased risk of severe cholera. Patients who shared toilet facilities had increased risk of cholera (0.91, 95percent CI: 0.47, 1.62) compared to the ones who used private toilet. Those patients who did not practice hand washing had an increased risk of contracting cholera (1.45, 95percent CI: 0.88, 2.12) compared to the ones who washed their hands. When Logistic regression was carried out, the following risk factors were found to be statistically significant in causing cholera at 5percent significance level; Age ( 26-40), gender, level of education, marital status, sources of water supply, place eaten in the last 24 hours before onset of cholera, type of toilet used and hand washing. Conclusion: Improvement in level of education, sources of water supply, place of last eaten before cholera sickness, toilet facilities, hand washing practices are key risk factors for cholera disease and hospitalization among patients in Raymond Mhlaba local Municipality, Eastern Cape. The strong association between water and sanitation highlights the need for a more thorough assessment of potential waterborne exposures and the risk faced by family members suffering from cholera infection cases and may warrant renewed research regarding the use of targeted chemoprophylaxis in endemic rural settings.
- Format
- 72 leaves
- Format
- Publisher
- University of Fort Hare
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science and Agriculture
- Language
- English
- Rights
- University of Fort Hare
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| Thumbnail | File | Description | Size | Format | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| View Details Download | SOURCE1 | MSc (Biostats & Epidemiology) OSUJI.pdf | 1 MB | Adobe Acrobat PDF | View Details Download |