- Title
- Continuous flow synthesis of 5-formyl-2,4- dimethyl-1h-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, a key intermediate towards the synthesis of sunitinib anti-cancer drug
- Creator
- Gqokoma, Zizo
- Subject
- Flow chemistry
- Date Issued
- 2020
- Date
- 2020
- Type
- Thesis
- Type
- Masters
- Type
- MSc
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10948/48356
- Identifier
- vital:40852
- Description
- The present trend in the pharmaceutical industry is towards adapting continuous flow processing with the main driving force behind this being the need to reduce environmental and economic costs. Continuous flow systems have proven to produce better quality products at lower costs, time and energy. As a result, this technique has diversified and expanded to provide novel, and practical solutions to not only organic synthesis but also renewable fuels and material science. The focus of this research work was to exploit continuous flow systems, to develop a continuous flow process that is energy and time effective, using commercial micro reactors to synthesize 5-formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, a key intermediate towards the synthesis of sunitinib, an anti-cancer drug. In this thesis, a successful study on the individual translation of a 5 step batch synthesis of 5- formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid into optimised continuous flow syntheses is demonstrated. A comprehensive literature review and background on cancer, and an introduction to pyrrole rings, their role in disease treatments in addition to a brief introduction to continuous flow technology with its advantages, and comparison to classical batch methods are provided in the first chapter. Chapter two is detailing the experimental procedures utilised for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The continuous flow synthesis of the four intermediates towards the target compound in this work proved to be far superior compared to their batch syntheses; excellent improvements in reaction yields and selectivity in addition to tremendously shorter reaction times were observed. This is expounded in chapter three with detailed discussions of the results attained during the continuous flow optimisation of each step within the scope of this research, are provided. The concluding remarks, the impact of this study and future work are elucidated in chapter four.
- Format
- Xiv, 141 leaves
- Format
- Publisher
- Nelson Mandela University
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science
- Language
- English
- Rights
- Nelson Mandela University
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Collections
NMU School of BioMolecular and Chemical Sciences
| Thumbnail | File | Description | Size | Format | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| View Details Download | SOURCE1 | Gqokoma, Z 210078383 Dissertation April 2020.pdf | 5 MB | Adobe Acrobat PDF | View Details Download |