- Title
- Comparison between Endothelin, Nitric Oxide and their Association to Blood Pressure and Body Composition in HIV Patients, in Mthatha
- Creator
- Zono, Sinethemba
- Date Issued
- 2015
- Date
- 2015
- Type
- Masters theses
- Type
- text
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/11260/2909
- Identifier
- vital:43105
- Description
- Background: Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is an early finding in the progression of cardiovascular disease and is closely related to clinical events in patients with obesity and hypertension. Vascular function is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET-1) which serve as natural counterparts. The aim of the study was to determine the physiological effects of HIV infection, blood pressure and body composition on the changes of ET-1 and NO and association between ET-1 and NO. Methods and results: This was a descriptive and comparative study. A Quota sample method was used. The study population consisted of 154 participants categorized into the following groups: 57 HIV negative participants (A), 40 HIV positive not on treatment participants and 57 HIV positive on treatment participants. Enzyme immunoassay kit was used for the quantitative determination of ET-1 and Nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay kit was used for the determination of NO. Anthropometric measurements, body composition were determined. Hemodynamic measurements were also taken into account. Results: Resting metabolism, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference had low mean levels in both HIV positives groups compared to HIV negative group. On lipid profiles visceral fat (VF), whole fat (WF) had low mean levels but skeletal muscle fat (SMF) showed the highest mean levels in both HIV positive groups. All the blood pressures between HIV groups were on a normal range scale. Mean values of endothelin and nitric oxide are increased in HIV positive not on ART and HIV (+) on ART compared with the HIV negative group. Conclusion: NO, ET-1, ART and HIV itself were associated with the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in persons with HIV infection. Elevated endothelial markers namely ET-1 and NO can lead to improvement of endothelium dependent relaxation to some extent but not completely. Although these markers have deleterious effect on the endothelium but can also serve as up-regulator of hypertension. Key words: HIV-infection, antiretroviral therapy, endothelial dysfunction, Endothelin1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), blood pressures (BPs).
- Description
- Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2015
- Format
- computer
- Format
- online resource
- Format
- application/pdf
- Format
- 1 online resource (128 pages)
- Format
- Publisher
- Walter Sisulu University
- Publisher
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Language
- English
- Rights
- Walter Sisulu University
- Rights
- All Rights Reserved
- Rights
- Open Access
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| Thumbnail | File | Description | Size | Format | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| View Details Download | SOURCE1 | RESEARCH_OUTPUT_FOR_ZONO.doc2015.03.05[1].pdf | 1 MB | Adobe Acrobat PDF | View Details Download |