Saloum Ghetto
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129459 , vital:36293 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-05
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129459 , vital:36293 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-05
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Histoire Sans Fin
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129468 , vital:36296 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-06
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129468 , vital:36296 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-06
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Lendemain
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129486 , vital:36298 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-08
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129486 , vital:36298 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-08
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Nell Fess
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129513 , vital:36301 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-11
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129513 , vital:36301 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-11
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Fuck Q
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129432 , vital:36290 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-02
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129432 , vital:36290 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-02
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Door mou danou
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129477 , vital:36297 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-07
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129477 , vital:36297 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-07
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Hip hop
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129504 , vital:36300 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-10
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129504 , vital:36300 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-10
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Mentalite Africaine
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129450 , vital:36292 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-04
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129450 , vital:36292 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-04
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Bathia
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129437 , vital:36291 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-03
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129437 , vital:36291 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-03
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
No Woman No Cry (bonus)
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129518 , vital:36302 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-12
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129518 , vital:36302 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-12
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Boul Thi Kheup Souf
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Sama Flavor (composed by), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129495 , vital:36299 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-09
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Sama Flavor (composed by) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129495 , vital:36299 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-09
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
No woman no cry
- Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals), Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus), El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora), Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar), Jazzy M (scratch), Studio 2000
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French , English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129423 , vital:36287 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-01
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tonton Mac, Sugar Flavor, Caporal F (lead vocals) , Suzanne Khar Fofana Ass II, Bouba (chorus) , El hadji Cissokho, Babouli Cissokho (kora) , Laye Kane, Urbain Lambert (guitar) , Jazzy M (scratch) , Studio 2000
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Popular music , Popular music--Africa, West , Africa Senegal Dakar f-sg
- Language: Wolof , French , English
- Type: sound recordings , field recordings , sound recording-musical
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/129423 , vital:36287 , International Library of African Music, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa , SDC28-01
- Description: Hip hop song sung in English, French and Wolof
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Perceptions of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax in South Africa: a comparative study
- Jankeeparsad, Thanesha Reddy
- Authors: Jankeeparsad, Thanesha Reddy
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Soft drinks -- Taxation -- South Africa , Carbonated drinks -- Taxation -- South Africa , Soft drinks -- Health aspects , College students -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142324 , vital:38070
- Description: This exploratory, comparative study aimed to investigate perceptions of the participants in the study in South Africa regarding the tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. The study further aimed to compare these perceptions with perceptions identified in selected foreign jurisdictions that have levied the tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. A voluntary, paper-based, anonymous survey questionnaire that included both closed- and open-ended questions was selected as the primary method of data collection. This questionnaire was administered to post-graduate Bachelor of Commerce Accounting and Postgraduate Diploma in Accounting students, aged twenty-one years and older, studying at three residential universities in South Africa, during the 2018 academic year. An extensive analysis of literature available on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, both locally and internationally, was conducted. The two main constructs (construct 1: perception of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax and the price of sugar-sweetened beverages and construct 2: the social impact of the sugarsweetened beverage tax) were then analysed using descriptive statistics. This study found that there is a significant association between gender and perception that the sugary beverage levy will be beneficial to health, with female perceptions of the benefit of the sugary beverage levy being greater than that of males. Respondents appear to have a positive perception of the sugary beverages levy, understand the sugary beverage levy, as well as the health benefits that will be derived from the levy. Respondents supported the tax on sugar-sweetened beverages if the revenue generated was used to improve the health care system and if the price of healthy foods decreased. Female respondents were found to drink fewer sugarsweetened beverages than male respondents, but females reported higher sugar-sweetened beverage consumption during stressful periods. The current study can possibly provide policy makers with more information regarding acceptance of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax and shape guidelines for future amendments of the tax imposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Jankeeparsad, Thanesha Reddy
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Soft drinks -- Taxation -- South Africa , Carbonated drinks -- Taxation -- South Africa , Soft drinks -- Health aspects , College students -- South Africa -- Attitudes
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MCom
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142324 , vital:38070
- Description: This exploratory, comparative study aimed to investigate perceptions of the participants in the study in South Africa regarding the tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. The study further aimed to compare these perceptions with perceptions identified in selected foreign jurisdictions that have levied the tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. A voluntary, paper-based, anonymous survey questionnaire that included both closed- and open-ended questions was selected as the primary method of data collection. This questionnaire was administered to post-graduate Bachelor of Commerce Accounting and Postgraduate Diploma in Accounting students, aged twenty-one years and older, studying at three residential universities in South Africa, during the 2018 academic year. An extensive analysis of literature available on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, both locally and internationally, was conducted. The two main constructs (construct 1: perception of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax and the price of sugar-sweetened beverages and construct 2: the social impact of the sugarsweetened beverage tax) were then analysed using descriptive statistics. This study found that there is a significant association between gender and perception that the sugary beverage levy will be beneficial to health, with female perceptions of the benefit of the sugary beverage levy being greater than that of males. Respondents appear to have a positive perception of the sugary beverages levy, understand the sugary beverage levy, as well as the health benefits that will be derived from the levy. Respondents supported the tax on sugar-sweetened beverages if the revenue generated was used to improve the health care system and if the price of healthy foods decreased. Female respondents were found to drink fewer sugarsweetened beverages than male respondents, but females reported higher sugar-sweetened beverage consumption during stressful periods. The current study can possibly provide policy makers with more information regarding acceptance of the sugar-sweetened beverage tax and shape guidelines for future amendments of the tax imposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Effects of production systems and canola meal supplementation on carcass and meat quality characteristics of spent laying hens
- Authors: Semwogerere, Farouk
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens) -- Feeding and feeds Chickens -- Feeding and feeds Chicken industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9242 , vital:34309
- Description: This study evaluated the carcass and meat quality traits of spent laying hens as influenced by production systems (conventional cages and free range) and the inclusion/exclusion of canola meal in their diets. A total of 30 free range and 60 battery cage reared Lohmann Brown-Elite spent laying hens were obtained from a commercial egg producer. The 30 free range hens (53 weeks of age) and 30 of the caged hens (40 weeks of age) were fed a conventional diet, while the remaining 30 caged hens (48 weeks of age) were fed a diet supplemented with canola meal (20 percent). Carcass, portion and organ weights were determined. Physical attributes and proximate composition were analyzed for, with additional fatty acids and sensory profiles being determined for the effects of canola meal inclusion in the diet. Caged hens had heavier (P ≤ 0.05) warm and cold carcasses, thigh, wing and feet compared to free range hens. The percentages of the breast (26.1 ± 0.51 vs. 28.3 ± 0.28), drum, breast bones, breast thaw and cooking losses and thigh cooking loss were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for caged hens than for free range hens. Free range hens had heavier (P ≤ 0.05) gizzards (33.9 ± 1.04 vs. 30.5 ± 0.73) and bones and a lower (P ≤ 0.05) breast meat percentage (47.3 ± 0.94 vs. 51.7 ± 1.35). Meat redness (a*) (0.54 ± 0.222 vs. 1.40 ± 0.135) and hue angle value, skin redness (a*), breast and thigh, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values (breast: 12.37 ± 0.411 vs. 17.10 ± 0.751, thigh: 29.68 ± 0.306 vs. 39.75 ± 0.826), breast moisture and thigh ash content were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for caged hens than free range hens. Caged hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) thigh thaw loss and breast ash content than free range hens. Canola-fed hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) drum percentages, breast bone weights and percentages, with lower (P ≤ 0.05) thigh and breast meat percentages. Canola-fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) thaw losses, skin yellowness (b*) and Chroma values, breast fat content with higher cooking losses, skin redness (a*) and hue angle value, as well as breast WBSF (12.37 ± 0.411 vs. 15.43 ± 0.600). Palmitic acid, stearic acid, heneicosanoic acid acid, palmitoleic acid, saturated fatty acids (SFA) (34.0 ± 0.56 vs. 38.7 ± 0.71), n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio (5.5 ± 0.13 vs. 7.2 ± 0.28), atherogenic index (IA), thrombogenic index (IT), delta-5 desaturase (D5D, elongase index and thiosterase index were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for canola-fed hen breast meat. Breast meat from conventionally fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) myristic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), PUFA:SFA ratio (0.7 ± 0.05 vs. 0.9 ± 0.02), n-3 PUFA (3.4 ± 0.31 vs. 5.1 ± 0.17), hypocholesterolemic:Hypercholesterolaemic (h/H), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 16 (SCD16) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 18 (SCD18). The breast meat from conventionally fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) metallic flavor than that from canola-fed hens. Strong positive correlations were observed for overall aroma with chicken (r = 0.965, P < 0.001) and brothy aroma (r = 0.827, P < 0.001); overall aroma with overall flavor (r = 0.680, P < 0.001), chicken flavor (r = 0.668, P < 0.001) and brothy flavor (r = 0.548, P = 0.006); initial juiciness with sustained juiciness (r = 0.771, P < 0.001) and tenderness (r = 0.537, P = 0.007); sustained juiciness with tenderness (r = 0.790, P < 0.001) and chewiness with residue (r = 0.783, P < 0.001). Whilst strong negative correlations were observed for: sustained juiciness with chewiness (r = -0.655, P = 0.001) and residue (r = 0.783, P < 0.001) and for tenderness with chewiness (r = 0.845, P < 0.001) and residue (r = -0.855, P < 0.001). Results of this study highlight that a free range production system when compared to a conventional cage system increased undesirable carcass and physical meat traits of spent laying hens. On the other hand, canola meal inclusion incorporates beneficial health aspects without affecting the sensory profile of meat derived from spent laying hens, both groups of hens being reared in battery cage system. Spent laying hen breasts can be consumed as a functional food (especially canolafed) since the fat content and composition was observed to be close to that which is recommended for a healthy diet.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Semwogerere, Farouk
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Broilers (Chickens) -- Feeding and feeds Chickens -- Feeding and feeds Chicken industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/9242 , vital:34309
- Description: This study evaluated the carcass and meat quality traits of spent laying hens as influenced by production systems (conventional cages and free range) and the inclusion/exclusion of canola meal in their diets. A total of 30 free range and 60 battery cage reared Lohmann Brown-Elite spent laying hens were obtained from a commercial egg producer. The 30 free range hens (53 weeks of age) and 30 of the caged hens (40 weeks of age) were fed a conventional diet, while the remaining 30 caged hens (48 weeks of age) were fed a diet supplemented with canola meal (20 percent). Carcass, portion and organ weights were determined. Physical attributes and proximate composition were analyzed for, with additional fatty acids and sensory profiles being determined for the effects of canola meal inclusion in the diet. Caged hens had heavier (P ≤ 0.05) warm and cold carcasses, thigh, wing and feet compared to free range hens. The percentages of the breast (26.1 ± 0.51 vs. 28.3 ± 0.28), drum, breast bones, breast thaw and cooking losses and thigh cooking loss were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for caged hens than for free range hens. Free range hens had heavier (P ≤ 0.05) gizzards (33.9 ± 1.04 vs. 30.5 ± 0.73) and bones and a lower (P ≤ 0.05) breast meat percentage (47.3 ± 0.94 vs. 51.7 ± 1.35). Meat redness (a*) (0.54 ± 0.222 vs. 1.40 ± 0.135) and hue angle value, skin redness (a*), breast and thigh, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values (breast: 12.37 ± 0.411 vs. 17.10 ± 0.751, thigh: 29.68 ± 0.306 vs. 39.75 ± 0.826), breast moisture and thigh ash content were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for caged hens than free range hens. Caged hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) thigh thaw loss and breast ash content than free range hens. Canola-fed hens had higher (P ≤ 0.05) drum percentages, breast bone weights and percentages, with lower (P ≤ 0.05) thigh and breast meat percentages. Canola-fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) thaw losses, skin yellowness (b*) and Chroma values, breast fat content with higher cooking losses, skin redness (a*) and hue angle value, as well as breast WBSF (12.37 ± 0.411 vs. 15.43 ± 0.600). Palmitic acid, stearic acid, heneicosanoic acid acid, palmitoleic acid, saturated fatty acids (SFA) (34.0 ± 0.56 vs. 38.7 ± 0.71), n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio (5.5 ± 0.13 vs. 7.2 ± 0.28), atherogenic index (IA), thrombogenic index (IT), delta-5 desaturase (D5D, elongase index and thiosterase index were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for canola-fed hen breast meat. Breast meat from conventionally fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) myristic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), PUFA:SFA ratio (0.7 ± 0.05 vs. 0.9 ± 0.02), n-3 PUFA (3.4 ± 0.31 vs. 5.1 ± 0.17), hypocholesterolemic:Hypercholesterolaemic (h/H), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 16 (SCD16) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 18 (SCD18). The breast meat from conventionally fed hens had lower (P ≤ 0.05) metallic flavor than that from canola-fed hens. Strong positive correlations were observed for overall aroma with chicken (r = 0.965, P < 0.001) and brothy aroma (r = 0.827, P < 0.001); overall aroma with overall flavor (r = 0.680, P < 0.001), chicken flavor (r = 0.668, P < 0.001) and brothy flavor (r = 0.548, P = 0.006); initial juiciness with sustained juiciness (r = 0.771, P < 0.001) and tenderness (r = 0.537, P = 0.007); sustained juiciness with tenderness (r = 0.790, P < 0.001) and chewiness with residue (r = 0.783, P < 0.001). Whilst strong negative correlations were observed for: sustained juiciness with chewiness (r = -0.655, P = 0.001) and residue (r = 0.783, P < 0.001) and for tenderness with chewiness (r = 0.845, P < 0.001) and residue (r = -0.855, P < 0.001). Results of this study highlight that a free range production system when compared to a conventional cage system increased undesirable carcass and physical meat traits of spent laying hens. On the other hand, canola meal inclusion incorporates beneficial health aspects without affecting the sensory profile of meat derived from spent laying hens, both groups of hens being reared in battery cage system. Spent laying hen breasts can be consumed as a functional food (especially canolafed) since the fat content and composition was observed to be close to that which is recommended for a healthy diet.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Improvement of the pharmacological activity of menthol via enzymatic β-anomer-selective glycosylation
- Choi, Ha-Young, Kim, Bo-Min, Morgan, Abubaker M A, Kim, Joong Su, Kim, Won-Gon
- Authors: Choi, Ha-Young , Kim, Bo-Min , Morgan, Abubaker M A , Kim, Joong Su , Kim, Won-Gon
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67515 , vital:29106 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-017-0468-0
- Description: Publisher version , Menthol has a considerable cooling effect, but the use range of menthol is limited because of its extremely low solubility in water and inherent flavor. (−)-Menthol β-glucoside was determined to be more soluble in water (>27 times) than (−)-menthol α-glucoside; hence, β-anomer-selective glucosylation of menthol is necessary. The in vitro glycosylation of (−)-menthol by uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (BLC) from Bacillus licheniformis generated (−)-menthol β-glucoside and new (−)-menthol β-galactoside and (−)-menthol N-acetylglucosamine. The maximum conversion rate of menthol to (−)-menthol β-D-glucoside by BLC was found to be 58.9%. Importantly, (−)-menthol β-D-glucoside had a higher cooling effect and no flavor compared with menthol. In addition, (−)-menthol β-D-glucoside was determined to be a non-sensitizer in a skin allergy test in the human cell line activation test, whereas menthol was a sensitizer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Choi, Ha-Young , Kim, Bo-Min , Morgan, Abubaker M A , Kim, Joong Su , Kim, Won-Gon
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67515 , vital:29106 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-017-0468-0
- Description: Publisher version , Menthol has a considerable cooling effect, but the use range of menthol is limited because of its extremely low solubility in water and inherent flavor. (−)-Menthol β-glucoside was determined to be more soluble in water (>27 times) than (−)-menthol α-glucoside; hence, β-anomer-selective glucosylation of menthol is necessary. The in vitro glycosylation of (−)-menthol by uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (BLC) from Bacillus licheniformis generated (−)-menthol β-glucoside and new (−)-menthol β-galactoside and (−)-menthol N-acetylglucosamine. The maximum conversion rate of menthol to (−)-menthol β-D-glucoside by BLC was found to be 58.9%. Importantly, (−)-menthol β-D-glucoside had a higher cooling effect and no flavor compared with menthol. In addition, (−)-menthol β-D-glucoside was determined to be a non-sensitizer in a skin allergy test in the human cell line activation test, whereas menthol was a sensitizer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
A critical analysis of A2 Fast Track Lowveld sugar cane farms in Zimbabwe in global value chains: interrogating the lives of farmers and farm labourers
- Chingono, Kudakwashe Rejoice
- Authors: Chingono, Kudakwashe Rejoice
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: International trade , Sugar trade -- Zimbabwe , Sugar growing -- Zimbabwe -- Social aspects , Agriculture -- Zimbabwe -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSci
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/93933 , vital:30972
- Description: The sugar cane industry has for many years been a lucrative business with a booming global market. In Zimbabwe, the sugar cane industry is no exception, as it has been regarded as one of the most efficient in the region and even in the world. The sugar cane farms and mills in Zimbabwe are located in Triangle and Chiredzi, in the south-eastern part of the country and they are under the ownership of Tongaat Hullet and the Zimbabwean A2 farmers. The focus of this is on the A2 fast track farms in Hippo Valley, which are now owned by black farmers but as out-growers for Tongaat Hullet. The crucial question addressed in the thesis is whether the A2 sugar cane farmers and their workers, located at the production end of the sugar cane global value chain, are benefitting from their involvement in this value chain. A number of scholars argue that global value chains lead to economic and social upgrading at the production end of the chain, based on thoughts contained in modernisation and trickledown theory. There is an assumption, then, that integration into the global economy leads to economic upgrading which translates into social upgrading. In drawing upon critical global value theorists, bolstered by the Marxist perspective, considers the importance of a more critical view of global value chains in relation to the sugar cane industry in Zimbabwe, with the particular focus on A2 farms. Thus, the main objective of the thesis is to consider the lives and livelihoods of A2 sugar cane farmers and sugar cane workers through a case study, in the context of global value chains and arguments around economic and social upgrading. This is pursued through a case study of six A2 farms, which involved interviewing farmers, supervisors, and both permanent and temporary workers. The thesis concludes that there is no significant evidence of social upgrading amongst the labour force, and that the A2 farmers are in constant tension with Tongaat Hullet in seeking to engage in economic upgrading of their status as commercial farmers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Chingono, Kudakwashe Rejoice
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: International trade , Sugar trade -- Zimbabwe , Sugar growing -- Zimbabwe -- Social aspects , Agriculture -- Zimbabwe -- Social aspects
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MSocSci
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/93933 , vital:30972
- Description: The sugar cane industry has for many years been a lucrative business with a booming global market. In Zimbabwe, the sugar cane industry is no exception, as it has been regarded as one of the most efficient in the region and even in the world. The sugar cane farms and mills in Zimbabwe are located in Triangle and Chiredzi, in the south-eastern part of the country and they are under the ownership of Tongaat Hullet and the Zimbabwean A2 farmers. The focus of this is on the A2 fast track farms in Hippo Valley, which are now owned by black farmers but as out-growers for Tongaat Hullet. The crucial question addressed in the thesis is whether the A2 sugar cane farmers and their workers, located at the production end of the sugar cane global value chain, are benefitting from their involvement in this value chain. A number of scholars argue that global value chains lead to economic and social upgrading at the production end of the chain, based on thoughts contained in modernisation and trickledown theory. There is an assumption, then, that integration into the global economy leads to economic upgrading which translates into social upgrading. In drawing upon critical global value theorists, bolstered by the Marxist perspective, considers the importance of a more critical view of global value chains in relation to the sugar cane industry in Zimbabwe, with the particular focus on A2 farms. Thus, the main objective of the thesis is to consider the lives and livelihoods of A2 sugar cane farmers and sugar cane workers through a case study, in the context of global value chains and arguments around economic and social upgrading. This is pursued through a case study of six A2 farms, which involved interviewing farmers, supervisors, and both permanent and temporary workers. The thesis concludes that there is no significant evidence of social upgrading amongst the labour force, and that the A2 farmers are in constant tension with Tongaat Hullet in seeking to engage in economic upgrading of their status as commercial farmers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Enhancing the saccharolytic phase of sugar beet pulp via hemicellulase synergy
- Authors: Dredge, Roselyn Ann
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sugar plantations , Sugar plantations -- South Africa , Sugar beet industry -- South Africa , Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Biotechnology , Biomass energy industries -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3955 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004014 , Sugar plantations , Sugar plantations -- South Africa , Sugar beet industry -- South Africa , Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Biotechnology , Biomass energy industries -- South Africa
- Description: The sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plant has in recent years been added to the Biofuel Industrial Strategy (Department of Minerals and Energy, 2007) by the South African government as a crop grown for the production of bio-ethanol. Sugar beet is commonly grown in Europe for the production of sucrose and has recently been cultivated in Cradock and the surrounding areas (Engineering News, 2008). The biofuel industry usually ferments the sucrose with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to yield bio-ethanol. However, researchers are presented with a critical role to increase current yields as there are concerns over the process costs from industrial biotechnologists. The beet factories produce a pulp by-product removed of all sucrose. The hemicellulose-rich pulp can be degraded by microbial enzymes to simple sugars that can be subsequently fermented to bio-ethanol. Thus, the pulp represents a potential source for second generation biofuel. The process of utilising microbial hemicellulases requires an initial chemical pre-treatment step to delignify the sugar beet pulp (SBP). An alkaline pre-treatment with ‘slake lime’ (calcium hydroxide) was investigated using a 23 factorial design and the factors examined were: lime load; temperature and time. The analysed results showed the highest release of reducing sugars at the pre-treatment conditions of: 0.4 g lime / g SBP; 40°C and 36 hours. A partial characterisation of the Clostridium cellulovorans hemicellulases was carried out to verify the optimal activity conditions stated in literature. The highest release of reducing sugars was measured at pH 6.5 – 7.0 and at 45°C for arabinofuranosidase A (ArfA); at pH 5.5 and 40°C for mannanase A (ManA) and pH 5.0 – 6.0 and 45°C for xylanase A (XynA). Temperature studies showed that a complete loss of enzymatic activity occurred after 11 hours for ManA; and 84-96 hours for ArfA. XynA was still active after 120 hours. The optimised lime pre-treated SBP was subsequently degraded using various combinations and percentages of C. cellulovorans ArfA, ManA and XynA to determine the maximal release of reducing sugars. Synergistically, the highest synergy was observed at 75% ArfA and 25% ManA, with a specific activity of 2.9 μmol/min/g protein. However, the highest release of sugars was observed at 4.2 μmol/min/g protein at 100% ArfA. This study has initiated the research within South Africa on SBP and its degradation by C. cellulovorans. Preliminary studies show that SBP has the potential to be utilised as a second generation biofuel source.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
- Authors: Dredge, Roselyn Ann
- Date: 2010
- Subjects: Sugar plantations , Sugar plantations -- South Africa , Sugar beet industry -- South Africa , Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Biotechnology , Biomass energy industries -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3955 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004014 , Sugar plantations , Sugar plantations -- South Africa , Sugar beet industry -- South Africa , Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Biotechnology , Biomass energy industries -- South Africa
- Description: The sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plant has in recent years been added to the Biofuel Industrial Strategy (Department of Minerals and Energy, 2007) by the South African government as a crop grown for the production of bio-ethanol. Sugar beet is commonly grown in Europe for the production of sucrose and has recently been cultivated in Cradock and the surrounding areas (Engineering News, 2008). The biofuel industry usually ferments the sucrose with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to yield bio-ethanol. However, researchers are presented with a critical role to increase current yields as there are concerns over the process costs from industrial biotechnologists. The beet factories produce a pulp by-product removed of all sucrose. The hemicellulose-rich pulp can be degraded by microbial enzymes to simple sugars that can be subsequently fermented to bio-ethanol. Thus, the pulp represents a potential source for second generation biofuel. The process of utilising microbial hemicellulases requires an initial chemical pre-treatment step to delignify the sugar beet pulp (SBP). An alkaline pre-treatment with ‘slake lime’ (calcium hydroxide) was investigated using a 23 factorial design and the factors examined were: lime load; temperature and time. The analysed results showed the highest release of reducing sugars at the pre-treatment conditions of: 0.4 g lime / g SBP; 40°C and 36 hours. A partial characterisation of the Clostridium cellulovorans hemicellulases was carried out to verify the optimal activity conditions stated in literature. The highest release of reducing sugars was measured at pH 6.5 – 7.0 and at 45°C for arabinofuranosidase A (ArfA); at pH 5.5 and 40°C for mannanase A (ManA) and pH 5.0 – 6.0 and 45°C for xylanase A (XynA). Temperature studies showed that a complete loss of enzymatic activity occurred after 11 hours for ManA; and 84-96 hours for ArfA. XynA was still active after 120 hours. The optimised lime pre-treated SBP was subsequently degraded using various combinations and percentages of C. cellulovorans ArfA, ManA and XynA to determine the maximal release of reducing sugars. Synergistically, the highest synergy was observed at 75% ArfA and 25% ManA, with a specific activity of 2.9 μmol/min/g protein. However, the highest release of sugars was observed at 4.2 μmol/min/g protein at 100% ArfA. This study has initiated the research within South Africa on SBP and its degradation by C. cellulovorans. Preliminary studies show that SBP has the potential to be utilised as a second generation biofuel source.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2010
Health promotional levy: a commercial perspective
- Authors: Ncapayi, Sakhumzi
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Public health -- Taxation -- South Africa , Sugar -- Taxation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54213 , vital:46362
- Description: The gazetting of the Health Promotion Levy (HPL) and its subsequent implementation had diverse effects and reactions from different stakeholders in South Africa. This study sought to understand the implications of the HPL for the industry by exploring the perceptions of SSB consumers. As such, the purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of the HPL on changing consumer preferences. The study also sought to explore the impact of the HPL on the way that companies have aligned their marketing strategies in line with the HPL to accommodate the response of the market in terms of taste and price sensitivity. An overview of the previous published work globally is analysed critically with the different sugar taxes imposed in other countries with regard to their impact on the various economies . Global discussions on the topic of the sugar tax are shared and conceptualising the sugar tax and sugar as a product. A quantitative research paradigm, also known as a positivistic research paradigm, was considered appropriate for the study that aimed to effectively test and evaluate the conceptual hypotheses and constructs that relate to the HPL. The objective was achieved by conducting an online cross-sectional survey. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that was randomly distributed to 385 SSB consumers in all nine provinces of South Africa using convenience random sampling. The data collected were analysed using the software IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The data reduction technique Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) was then used to find the factor loadings that best produced correlations between the observed variables. The variables comprised of 5 – point Likert scale that ranged from strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), neutral (3), agree (4) to strongly agree (5). A scree plot was used for factor extraction and confirmed with parallel analysis, and four factors emerged. The factors were extracted using the oblique rotation principal – Promax with 100 iterations for convergence. Consumer perceptions in South Africa are critical to improving the implementation of the HPL and creating a healthier society. Government and management need to lead by example in promoting a healthy lifestyle through marketing activities (product promotions) and in the pricing of products, as obesity is a reality for everyone in the country and needs to be managed. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
- Authors: Ncapayi, Sakhumzi
- Date: 2021-12
- Subjects: Public health -- Taxation -- South Africa , Sugar -- Taxation -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/54213 , vital:46362
- Description: The gazetting of the Health Promotion Levy (HPL) and its subsequent implementation had diverse effects and reactions from different stakeholders in South Africa. This study sought to understand the implications of the HPL for the industry by exploring the perceptions of SSB consumers. As such, the purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of the HPL on changing consumer preferences. The study also sought to explore the impact of the HPL on the way that companies have aligned their marketing strategies in line with the HPL to accommodate the response of the market in terms of taste and price sensitivity. An overview of the previous published work globally is analysed critically with the different sugar taxes imposed in other countries with regard to their impact on the various economies . Global discussions on the topic of the sugar tax are shared and conceptualising the sugar tax and sugar as a product. A quantitative research paradigm, also known as a positivistic research paradigm, was considered appropriate for the study that aimed to effectively test and evaluate the conceptual hypotheses and constructs that relate to the HPL. The objective was achieved by conducting an online cross-sectional survey. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that was randomly distributed to 385 SSB consumers in all nine provinces of South Africa using convenience random sampling. The data collected were analysed using the software IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The data reduction technique Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) was then used to find the factor loadings that best produced correlations between the observed variables. The variables comprised of 5 – point Likert scale that ranged from strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), neutral (3), agree (4) to strongly agree (5). A scree plot was used for factor extraction and confirmed with parallel analysis, and four factors emerged. The factors were extracted using the oblique rotation principal – Promax with 100 iterations for convergence. Consumer perceptions in South Africa are critical to improving the implementation of the HPL and creating a healthier society. Government and management need to lead by example in promoting a healthy lifestyle through marketing activities (product promotions) and in the pricing of products, as obesity is a reality for everyone in the country and needs to be managed. , Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-12
An explorative study into the introduction of sugar tax in the sugar industry: A case of Illovo
- Authors: Jacobs, Nomfundo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Sugar Trade , Maple sugar industry
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61350 , vital:70421
- Description: An explorative study into the introduction of sugar tax in the sugar industry: A case of Illovo. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the sugar tax on the South African sugar industry, Illovo Sugar in particular. This tax was introduced in 2018 and it only affected the beverage industry, with its effects being concentrated on industrial sales. The government's intention was to reduce the rising levels of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and heart diseases, in response to the increased sugar consumption in the country. In addition, the introduction of this tax was expected to reduce sugar consumption in the country, thereby improving public health. Ultimately, the government wanted to encourage citizens to adjust their lifestyles by reducing their sugar intake. To this end, the sugar tax was implemented with the expectation that it would lead to a decrease in sugar consumption in South Africa. The researcher made use of the qualitative research method to collect the data. This enabled a comprehensive understanding of the research topic, as the participants chosen had been working in the sugar industry for a number of years and could give detailed accounts of the implications of the tax on the industry and the communities. Furthermore, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with the participants to better understand their perceptions on how the tax had impacted their businesses. The data collected was then analysed according to thematic content analysis, and this produced factual, reliable, and valid results. The findings of this study revealed that the sugar tax had a negative impact on Illovo's business operations. Despite this, Illovo was able to leverage its resources and expertise to devise strategies for mitigating the impact of the sugar tax, allowing them to remain competitive in their industry. This included focusing on independent stores and restructuring staff and resources to manage the lower sugar demand. Additionally, Illovo also looked at selling sugar to more profitable customers, helping to reduce costs and associated risk. Despite the strategies adopted, further research is recommended in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding into the phenomenon using a large sample size. This v would allow for further insights into the impact of the sugar tax on the South African sugar industry and whether any changes need to be made in order to ensure that it continues to remain competitive in the industry. Furthermore, research should also be conducted into the implications of the sugar tax on other sectors of the economy, as policy makers may need to consider the possible effects on other industries and even on the government itself versus the possible benefits to the public. Additionally, this research could also be extended to include a longitudinal study in order to capture any changes that take place in the years to come. These changes may include further price adjustments, changes in consumer behaviour, and any possible implications on public health. This would allow for a greater understanding of the implications of this tax for both the industry and society. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2023-04
- Authors: Jacobs, Nomfundo
- Date: 2023-04
- Subjects: Sugar Trade , Maple sugar industry
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/61350 , vital:70421
- Description: An explorative study into the introduction of sugar tax in the sugar industry: A case of Illovo. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the sugar tax on the South African sugar industry, Illovo Sugar in particular. This tax was introduced in 2018 and it only affected the beverage industry, with its effects being concentrated on industrial sales. The government's intention was to reduce the rising levels of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and heart diseases, in response to the increased sugar consumption in the country. In addition, the introduction of this tax was expected to reduce sugar consumption in the country, thereby improving public health. Ultimately, the government wanted to encourage citizens to adjust their lifestyles by reducing their sugar intake. To this end, the sugar tax was implemented with the expectation that it would lead to a decrease in sugar consumption in South Africa. The researcher made use of the qualitative research method to collect the data. This enabled a comprehensive understanding of the research topic, as the participants chosen had been working in the sugar industry for a number of years and could give detailed accounts of the implications of the tax on the industry and the communities. Furthermore, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with the participants to better understand their perceptions on how the tax had impacted their businesses. The data collected was then analysed according to thematic content analysis, and this produced factual, reliable, and valid results. The findings of this study revealed that the sugar tax had a negative impact on Illovo's business operations. Despite this, Illovo was able to leverage its resources and expertise to devise strategies for mitigating the impact of the sugar tax, allowing them to remain competitive in their industry. This included focusing on independent stores and restructuring staff and resources to manage the lower sugar demand. Additionally, Illovo also looked at selling sugar to more profitable customers, helping to reduce costs and associated risk. Despite the strategies adopted, further research is recommended in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding into the phenomenon using a large sample size. This v would allow for further insights into the impact of the sugar tax on the South African sugar industry and whether any changes need to be made in order to ensure that it continues to remain competitive in the industry. Furthermore, research should also be conducted into the implications of the sugar tax on other sectors of the economy, as policy makers may need to consider the possible effects on other industries and even on the government itself versus the possible benefits to the public. Additionally, this research could also be extended to include a longitudinal study in order to capture any changes that take place in the years to come. These changes may include further price adjustments, changes in consumer behaviour, and any possible implications on public health. This would allow for a greater understanding of the implications of this tax for both the industry and society. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 2023
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- Date Issued: 2023-04
Intake of salt and sugar in grade five learners at underprivileged schools in Port Elizabeth compared to the intake at underprivileged schools in Johannesburg
- Authors: Straub, Alycia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Children -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Children -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Hypertension , Obesity in children
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33261 , vital:32614
- Description: The literature clearly indicates that excessive amounts of salt and sugar, compared to the recommended amounts, are consumed by young children, leading to the earlier presentation of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension (Lichtenstein et al., 2006; Grimes et al., 2013). The problem to address is that there is insufficient information available on the intake of sugar and salt in South African children, and more specifically in the Johannesburg and Port Elizabeth areas; this information is necessary to determine which prevention strategies should be developed. The aim of this study was to determine the current intake of salt and sugar of grade five learners at a sample of quintile three schools in Johannesburg and Port Elizabeth and to investigate whether there was a relationship between the sugar and salt intake and the BMI (kg/m2) and blood pressure (mmHg) of these learners. A baseline exploratory, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. A non-random, convenient sampling method was used with a sample size of 220 consenting learners of Johannesburg and 350 of Port Elizabeth. A semi-quantitative adapted food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the current intake of salt and sugar in the learners. The data was analysed using the SPSS version 22 programme. Ethical clearance was obtained from the relevant bodies. The results were as follows: no significant differences were found between the frequency of consumption of any of the food items that were chosen to represent salt and sugar intake and blood pressure and BMI within either Johannesburg or Port Elizabeth. Therefore, no associations between salt and sugar intake and blood pressure and BMI were found within either area. When comparing the learners of Johannesburg with those in Port Elizabeth a few significant differences were found; mostly showing a weak association. However, there was a moderate association for sugar in tea/ coffee between the underweight and overweight/obese learners of Johannesburg compared to Port Elizabeth. Preferences, peer influence and food culture are suggested reasons for this significant difference. Recommendations of the study were the South African Food-based Dietary Guidelines “Use salt and foods high in salt sparingly” and “Use food and drinks that contain sugar sparingly and not between meals” should continue to be encouraged.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Straub, Alycia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Children -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Children -- Nutrition -- South Africa -- Johannesburg , Hypertension , Obesity in children
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/33261 , vital:32614
- Description: The literature clearly indicates that excessive amounts of salt and sugar, compared to the recommended amounts, are consumed by young children, leading to the earlier presentation of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension (Lichtenstein et al., 2006; Grimes et al., 2013). The problem to address is that there is insufficient information available on the intake of sugar and salt in South African children, and more specifically in the Johannesburg and Port Elizabeth areas; this information is necessary to determine which prevention strategies should be developed. The aim of this study was to determine the current intake of salt and sugar of grade five learners at a sample of quintile three schools in Johannesburg and Port Elizabeth and to investigate whether there was a relationship between the sugar and salt intake and the BMI (kg/m2) and blood pressure (mmHg) of these learners. A baseline exploratory, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. A non-random, convenient sampling method was used with a sample size of 220 consenting learners of Johannesburg and 350 of Port Elizabeth. A semi-quantitative adapted food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the current intake of salt and sugar in the learners. The data was analysed using the SPSS version 22 programme. Ethical clearance was obtained from the relevant bodies. The results were as follows: no significant differences were found between the frequency of consumption of any of the food items that were chosen to represent salt and sugar intake and blood pressure and BMI within either Johannesburg or Port Elizabeth. Therefore, no associations between salt and sugar intake and blood pressure and BMI were found within either area. When comparing the learners of Johannesburg with those in Port Elizabeth a few significant differences were found; mostly showing a weak association. However, there was a moderate association for sugar in tea/ coffee between the underweight and overweight/obese learners of Johannesburg compared to Port Elizabeth. Preferences, peer influence and food culture are suggested reasons for this significant difference. Recommendations of the study were the South African Food-based Dietary Guidelines “Use salt and foods high in salt sparingly” and “Use food and drinks that contain sugar sparingly and not between meals” should continue to be encouraged.
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- Date Issued: 2018