- Title
- Cannabidiol: extraction and purification using flow Chemistry
- Creator
- Bopape, Karabo
- Subject
- Supercritical fluid extraction -- South Africa
- Subject
- Cannabis -- Therapeutic use
- Date Issued
- 2022-04
- Date
- 2022-04
- Type
- Master's theses
- Type
- text
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55723
- Identifier
- vital:53410
- Description
- cannabinoids are of growing interest in research and pharmaceutical applications. Cannabidiol, which is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, has many pharmaceutical applications. The current and main source of cannabidiol and other cannabinoids is from cannabis and hemp extractions. Current extraction methods involve the use of conventional solvent extraction, which employs the use of organic solvents, in some cases along with mechanical assistance from various equipment. Alternatively, another widely used extraction method is the use of supercritical extraction fluids (SC-CO2 being the most common). An alternative method, which uses chemical synthesis to derivatize cannabidiol to form an intermediate, which is crystalline and can easily be isolated from the extract; the crystalline intermediate can then be deprotected back to pure cannabidiol. In this research, we investigated and adapted the crystallisation method (originally employed by Adams) into continuous flow. In this research, hemp extracts and oilsrich in CBD were used as the source for cannabidiol. This synthesis was adapted into microreactors to synthesise the crystalline intermediate ester product (cannabidiol-3,5-bis-benzoate) which was subsequently reacted in a saponification ester hydrolysis to convert back and isolate pure CBD using continuous flow microreactor technology. Chapter one gives a comprehensive literature review and background on cannabidiol, along with its chemistry and pharmacological benefits in addition to a brief introduction to continuous flow technology with its advantages. Chapter two details the experimental procedures utilised for both batch and continuous flow syntheses. The continuous flow synthesis and subsequent hydrolysis of the ester intermediate, which shows the improvements in comparison to batch; giving higher product recovery (63% CBD), in shorter reaction times (2.5 min for CBD bis-benzoate; 30 min for CBD) is subsequently presented. This is expanded in chapter three with detailed discussions of the results attained during the continuous flow. The concluding remarks, the impact of this study and future work are elucidated in chapter four.
- Description
- Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2022
- Format
- computer
- Format
- online resource
- Format
- application/pdf
- Format
- 1 online resource (147 pages)
- Format
- Publisher
- Nelson Mandela University
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science
- Language
- English
- Rights
- Nelson Mandela University
- Rights
- All Rights Reserved
- Rights
- Open Access
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NMU School of BioMolecular and Chemical Sciences
| Thumbnail | File | Description | Size | Format | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| View Details Download | SOURCE1 | Bopape, K.pdf | 3 MB | Adobe Acrobat PDF | View Details Download |