- Title
- Toxic effect of herbicides used for water hyacinth control on two insects released for its biological control in South Africa
- Creator
- Hill, Martin P
- Date Issued
- 2012
- Date
- 2012
- Type
- text
- Type
- article
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10962/69960
- Identifier
- vital:29601
- Identifier
- https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2012.725825
- Description
- The integrated control of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach (Pontederiaceae) has become necessary in South Africa, as biological control alone is perceived to be too slow in controlling the weed. In total, seven insect biological control agents have been released on water hyacinth in South Africa. At the same time, herbicides are applied by the water authorities in areas where the weed continues to be troublesome. This study investigated the assumption that the two control methods are compatible by testing the direct toxicity of a range of herbicide formulations and surfactants on two of the biological control agents released against water hyacinth, the weevil, Neochetina eichhorniae Warner (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the water hyacinth mirid,Eccritotarsus catarinensis (Carvalho) (Hemiptera: Miridae). A number of the formulations used resulted in significant mortality of the mirid and the weevil. Products containing 2,4-D amine and diquat as active ingredients caused higher mortality of both agents (up to 80% for the mirid) than formulations containing glyphosate. Furthermore, when surfactants were added to enhance herbicide efficiency, it resulted in increased toxicity to the insects. We recommend that glyphosate formulations should be used in integrated control programmes, and that surfactants be avoided in order to reduce the toxic nature of spray formulations to the insect biological control agents released against water hyacinth.
- Format
- 14 pages
- Format
- Language
- English
- Relation
- Biocontrol Science and Technology
- Relation
- Hill, M.P., Coetzee, J.A. and Ueckermann, C., 2012. Toxic effect of herbicides used for water hyacinth control on two insects released for its biological control in South Africa. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 22(11), pp.1321-1333.
- Relation
- Biocontrol Science and Technology volume 22 number 11 1321 1333 November 2012 1360-0478
- Rights
- Publisher or author
- Rights
- Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/)
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Hill, Martin Patrick (Distinguished Professor)
RU Department of Zoology and Entomology
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