The Art of Life in South Africa by Daniel Magaziner: a review
- Authors: Ijisakin, Eyitayo Tolulope
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146101 , vital:38495 , https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/702008
- Description: In The Art of Life in South Africa, Daniel Magaziner examines the history of art education under apartheid in South Africa. The book focuses on Ndaleni, an art school for black South Africans, and considers the travails and triumphs of its artists and their teachers under white supremacy. At Ndaleni, students and teachers were bound together in learning “the art of life”; due to lack of funds, they improvised materials for artistic production. While the school existed, between the 1950s and 1980s, about 1,000 students graduated; about 2,000 could not be admitted due to constraints of space. This shows how Ndaleni appealed to many black South Africans as one of the few places they could develop their art. According to the Bantu Education Act of 1953 (p. 3), the purpose of the school was to preserve white supremacy, the segregation between African and European education—what Oguibe (2004) refers to as “Play me the other.” The book is organized into seven chapters, with a prologue, an epilogue, and endnotes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Ijisakin, Eyitayo Tolulope
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146101 , vital:38495 , https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/702008
- Description: In The Art of Life in South Africa, Daniel Magaziner examines the history of art education under apartheid in South Africa. The book focuses on Ndaleni, an art school for black South Africans, and considers the travails and triumphs of its artists and their teachers under white supremacy. At Ndaleni, students and teachers were bound together in learning “the art of life”; due to lack of funds, they improvised materials for artistic production. While the school existed, between the 1950s and 1980s, about 1,000 students graduated; about 2,000 could not be admitted due to constraints of space. This shows how Ndaleni appealed to many black South Africans as one of the few places they could develop their art. According to the Bantu Education Act of 1953 (p. 3), the purpose of the school was to preserve white supremacy, the segregation between African and European education—what Oguibe (2004) refers to as “Play me the other.” The book is organized into seven chapters, with a prologue, an epilogue, and endnotes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Re-Inventing African literature through Visual Arts:
- Fọlárànmí, Stephen, Ijisakin, Eyitayo Tolulope
- Authors: Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Ijisakin, Eyitayo Tolulope
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146132 , vital:38498 , DOI https://doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2019-0054
- Description: Evidence abounds of the synergy that exists between literature and visual arts in Africa. Illustrations are known to have given more meaning to books, while the text plays the role of the storyteller, the illustration acts out the story or scene on the pages of the book. Illustrations also make readership very easy and appealing to children and the uneducated people in our local communities. In recent times however, studies have shown a sharp decline in the inclusion of very good, insightful and inspiring illustrations into African literary text. When included, it is often poor and limited to the cover page of the book. This paper examines the merits derivable from the inclusion of visual arts into African literature as well as the reason for its decline with a view to suggesting how it can be used to reinvent African literature. It is expected that by so doing, publishers and authors will see the need and importance of using more illustrations in their books. This will, in turn, generate more interest in the culture of reading among the youths of the 21st century as well as the development of literature directed towards children and the unread.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Fọlárànmí, Stephen , Ijisakin, Eyitayo Tolulope
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/146132 , vital:38498 , DOI https://doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2019-0054
- Description: Evidence abounds of the synergy that exists between literature and visual arts in Africa. Illustrations are known to have given more meaning to books, while the text plays the role of the storyteller, the illustration acts out the story or scene on the pages of the book. Illustrations also make readership very easy and appealing to children and the uneducated people in our local communities. In recent times however, studies have shown a sharp decline in the inclusion of very good, insightful and inspiring illustrations into African literary text. When included, it is often poor and limited to the cover page of the book. This paper examines the merits derivable from the inclusion of visual arts into African literature as well as the reason for its decline with a view to suggesting how it can be used to reinvent African literature. It is expected that by so doing, publishers and authors will see the need and importance of using more illustrations in their books. This will, in turn, generate more interest in the culture of reading among the youths of the 21st century as well as the development of literature directed towards children and the unread.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Prevalence, awareness, and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among commercial taxi drivers in buffalo city metropolitan municipality South Africa
- Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, MMed
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , MMed
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4559 , vital:44133
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , MMed
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4559 , vital:44133
- Full Text:
Cross-sectional study of diabetes kidney disease in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Journal Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4569 , vital:44134
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Journal Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4569 , vital:44134
- Full Text:
Cross-sectional study of diabetes kidney disease in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3856 , vital:43958
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3856 , vital:43958
- Full Text:
Prevalence, awareness, and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus among commercial taxi drivers in buffalo city metropolitan municipality South Africa
- Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, MMed
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , MMed
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5152 , vital:44372
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , MMed
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5152 , vital:44372
- Full Text:
Reaching sideways, writing our ways: the orientation of the arts of Africa discourse
- Simbao, Ruth K, Miko, William B, Ijisakin, Eyitayo T, Tchibozo, Romuald, Hwati, Masimba, NG-Yang, Kristin, Mudekereza, Patrick, Nalubowa, Aidah, Hyacinthe. Genevieve, Jason, Lee-Roy, Abdou, Eman, Chachage, Rehema, Tumusiime, Amanda, Sousa, Suzana, Muchemwa, Fadzai
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K , Miko, William B , Ijisakin, Eyitayo T , Tchibozo, Romuald , Hwati, Masimba , NG-Yang, Kristin , Mudekereza, Patrick , Nalubowa, Aidah , Hyacinthe. Genevieve , Jason, Lee-Roy , Abdou, Eman , Chachage, Rehema , Tumusiime, Amanda , Sousa, Suzana , Muchemwa, Fadzai
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145886 , vital:38475 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1162/AFAR_a_00341
- Description: In Rehema Chachage's video installation, Kwa Baba Rithi Undugu (2010), sculptural objects representing old-fashioned transistor radios are mounted on the wall, side by side (Fig. 1). Embedded in each radio is a small video screen, which reveals a figure who stands in one place while the vertical line of the radio tuner crosses her body in search of the desired frequency (Figs. 2–3). A man's voice wafts in and out as it is periodically interrupted by unsolicited noise, revealing the difficulty of relating to others when sound is interrupted or there is an absence of voice. Voice, writes Chachage, is a “prerequisite for interlocution and the construction of discourse.” This work engages with the assertion that to “live means to participate in dialogue: to ask questions, to heed, to respond, to agree …” and to do so full heartedly with your “eyes, lips, hands, soul, spirit … whole body and deeds” (Bakhtin 1984:293).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Simbao, Ruth K , Miko, William B , Ijisakin, Eyitayo T , Tchibozo, Romuald , Hwati, Masimba , NG-Yang, Kristin , Mudekereza, Patrick , Nalubowa, Aidah , Hyacinthe. Genevieve , Jason, Lee-Roy , Abdou, Eman , Chachage, Rehema , Tumusiime, Amanda , Sousa, Suzana , Muchemwa, Fadzai
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145886 , vital:38475 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1162/AFAR_a_00341
- Description: In Rehema Chachage's video installation, Kwa Baba Rithi Undugu (2010), sculptural objects representing old-fashioned transistor radios are mounted on the wall, side by side (Fig. 1). Embedded in each radio is a small video screen, which reveals a figure who stands in one place while the vertical line of the radio tuner crosses her body in search of the desired frequency (Figs. 2–3). A man's voice wafts in and out as it is periodically interrupted by unsolicited noise, revealing the difficulty of relating to others when sound is interrupted or there is an absence of voice. Voice, writes Chachage, is a “prerequisite for interlocution and the construction of discourse.” This work engages with the assertion that to “live means to participate in dialogue: to ask questions, to heed, to respond, to agree …” and to do so full heartedly with your “eyes, lips, hands, soul, spirit … whole body and deeds” (Bakhtin 1984:293).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
On-site evaluation of smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity among commercial taxi drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
- Adedokun, Aanuoluwa Odunayo, Ter Goon, Daniel, Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Ajayi, Anthony Idowu
- Authors: Adedokun, Aanuoluwa Odunayo , Ter Goon, Daniel , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Alcohol use , Substance use , Commercial drivers
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5086 , vital:44345 , https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n2p110
- Description: Commercial drivers have been identified as eliciting behaviours that promote non- communicable diseases and road traffic accidents. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity among commercial taxi drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 commercial drivers using the face-to-face interviews method. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic data, self-reported rate of alcohol consumption, tobacco use and physical inactivity. The participants’ mean age was 43.3 ± 12.5 years. About 30% of the participants were daily smokers, 37% consumed alcohol regularly and only 18% were physically active, whilst 82% were physically inactive. The prevalence of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity is high among commercial drivers in East London. Workplace health education on the health effects of these lifestyles’ risky behaviours on individuals and the general public should be given to the drivers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Adedokun, Aanuoluwa Odunayo , Ter Goon, Daniel , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Alcohol use , Substance use , Commercial drivers
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5086 , vital:44345 , https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n2p110
- Description: Commercial drivers have been identified as eliciting behaviours that promote non- communicable diseases and road traffic accidents. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity among commercial taxi drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 commercial drivers using the face-to-face interviews method. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic data, self-reported rate of alcohol consumption, tobacco use and physical inactivity. The participants’ mean age was 43.3 ± 12.5 years. About 30% of the participants were daily smokers, 37% consumed alcohol regularly and only 18% were physically active, whilst 82% were physically inactive. The prevalence of alcohol use, smoking and physical inactivity is high among commercial drivers in East London. Workplace health education on the health effects of these lifestyles’ risky behaviours on individuals and the general public should be given to the drivers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Adult binge drinking: rate, frequency and intensity in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
- Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara, Goona, Daniel Ter, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Seekoea, Eunice
- Authors: Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Goona, Daniel Ter , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Seekoea, Eunice
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4944 , vital:44305 , https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2017.1382970
- Description: This study was conducted to explore views about the execution of powers and functions of the police in the light of related challenges. This study made use of data from a total of 83 adult participants (a survey involving 73 individuals, and 10 in-depth interviews), including males and females of diverse occupational backgrounds from Bindura and Mount Darwin policing districts in Zimbabwe. A closed-ended, mostly Likert-scale-based questionnaire was used to collect data about the prevalent forms of police abuse of powers and functions, while an in-depth interview guide was provided to harvest information qualitatively. Findings reveal that police officers abuse their powers through unlawful arrests, arbitrary search and seizure, excessive use of force, unlawful methods of investigation, and ill treatment of detainees. Though not as prevalent as other forms of abuse, malicious criminal prosecution and partisan policing were also cited.K EYWOR DS: powers, abuse, function, police, Zimbabwe
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Goona, Daniel Ter , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Seekoea, Eunice
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4944 , vital:44305 , https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2017.1382970
- Description: This study was conducted to explore views about the execution of powers and functions of the police in the light of related challenges. This study made use of data from a total of 83 adult participants (a survey involving 73 individuals, and 10 in-depth interviews), including males and females of diverse occupational backgrounds from Bindura and Mount Darwin policing districts in Zimbabwe. A closed-ended, mostly Likert-scale-based questionnaire was used to collect data about the prevalent forms of police abuse of powers and functions, while an in-depth interview guide was provided to harvest information qualitatively. Findings reveal that police officers abuse their powers through unlawful arrests, arbitrary search and seizure, excessive use of force, unlawful methods of investigation, and ill treatment of detainees. Though not as prevalent as other forms of abuse, malicious criminal prosecution and partisan policing were also cited.K EYWOR DS: powers, abuse, function, police, Zimbabwe
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Adult binge drinking: rate, frequency and intensity in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
- Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi, Daniel Ter Goon, Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Eunice Seekoe
- Authors: Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi , Daniel Ter Goon , Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , Eunice Seekoe
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Journal Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4923 , vital:44302
- Full Text:
- Authors: Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi , Daniel Ter Goon , Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , Eunice Seekoe
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Journal Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4923 , vital:44302
- Full Text:
Inequality in uptake of isoniazid prevention therapy and Mantoux test among pregnant women with HIV in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Nonkosi Selanto-Chairman, Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi, Anthony Idowu Ajayi
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , Nonkosi Selanto-Chairman , Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi , Anthony Idowu Ajayi
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4409 , vital:44115
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi , Nonkosi Selanto-Chairman , Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi , Anthony Idowu Ajayi
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4409 , vital:44115
- Full Text:
Studies on the use of essential oils for the control of Sitophilus Zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae): a pest of stored maize grains
- Odeyemi, Oluwakemi Oluwaseyi
- Authors: Odeyemi, Oluwakemi Oluwaseyi
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Curculionidae , Essences and essential oils , Corn -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Botany)
- Identifier: vital:11301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/168 , Curculionidae , Essences and essential oils , Corn -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa
- Description: The common maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a well known pest of stored-maize grain in most parts of the world, was identified as one of the major constraints of harvested maize grains in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The use of plants or their products is one of the recent methods being investigated for insect pest control worldwide. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to identify available plants in the Eastern Cape that could be used to combat the problem of Sitophilus zeamais in stored-maize grains. For the realization of the aims of this research, the following studies were carried out; a preliminary survey was conducted to obtain baseline information on the farmers’ knowledge and experience of indigenous insect pest control methods in the Eastern Cape. Also, studies on the insecticidal potential of the essential oils of some plants were investigated against the maize weevil. The quality parameters of maize grains treated with the essential oils was also studied and, using a rat model, the toxicity of the essential oils was investigated. The outcome from this study revealed that there is awareness amongst the farmers in the Eastern Cape on the use of plants or their products to control insect pests. Unfortunately, such methods are currently being neglected and the knowledge of their application was found to be eroding. Among the various essential oils screened were those from Mentha longifolia L. and Tagetes minuta L. which evoked an appreciable level of contact, fumigant and repellent toxicity on the maize weevil. Further work done to determine the effects of the oils on maize stored over a period of three months revealed that the two oils had no adverse effect on the proximate compositions and some quality parameters of the stored maize. However, the toxicological study conducted on rats showed that the oils at tested concentrations exhibited some level of toxicity. It is, therefore, suggested that the essential oils of M. longifolia and T. minuta should not be used to treat maize grains intended for human consumption.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Odeyemi, Oluwakemi Oluwaseyi
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Curculionidae , Essences and essential oils , Corn -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD (Botany)
- Identifier: vital:11301 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/168 , Curculionidae , Essences and essential oils , Corn -- Diseases and pests -- South Africa , Biological pest control agents -- South Africa
- Description: The common maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a well known pest of stored-maize grain in most parts of the world, was identified as one of the major constraints of harvested maize grains in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The use of plants or their products is one of the recent methods being investigated for insect pest control worldwide. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to identify available plants in the Eastern Cape that could be used to combat the problem of Sitophilus zeamais in stored-maize grains. For the realization of the aims of this research, the following studies were carried out; a preliminary survey was conducted to obtain baseline information on the farmers’ knowledge and experience of indigenous insect pest control methods in the Eastern Cape. Also, studies on the insecticidal potential of the essential oils of some plants were investigated against the maize weevil. The quality parameters of maize grains treated with the essential oils was also studied and, using a rat model, the toxicity of the essential oils was investigated. The outcome from this study revealed that there is awareness amongst the farmers in the Eastern Cape on the use of plants or their products to control insect pests. Unfortunately, such methods are currently being neglected and the knowledge of their application was found to be eroding. Among the various essential oils screened were those from Mentha longifolia L. and Tagetes minuta L. which evoked an appreciable level of contact, fumigant and repellent toxicity on the maize weevil. Further work done to determine the effects of the oils on maize stored over a period of three months revealed that the two oils had no adverse effect on the proximate compositions and some quality parameters of the stored maize. However, the toxicological study conducted on rats showed that the oils at tested concentrations exhibited some level of toxicity. It is, therefore, suggested that the essential oils of M. longifolia and T. minuta should not be used to treat maize grains intended for human consumption.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Social epidemiology of hypertension in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM): cross-sectional study of determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among South African adults
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Journal
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5734 , vital:44636
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Journal
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5734 , vital:44636
- Full Text:
Beyond health care providers’recommendations: understandinginfluences on infant feeding choices ofwomen with HIV in the Eastern Cape,South Africa
- Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Ajayi, Anthony Idowu, Issah, Moshood, Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara, Ter Goon, Daniel, Avramovic, Gordana, Lambert, John
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu , Issah, Moshood , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Ter Goon, Daniel , Avramovic, Gordana , Lambert, John
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Africa Infant Feeding Sub-sahara
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6063 , vital:45109 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-019-0201-5
- Description: Background: Despite the array of studies on infant feeding practices of HIV-infected women, gaps still exist in the understanding of the underlying reasons for their infant feeding choices. Potential for behavioural change exists, especially in the light of the 2016 updated World Health Organization guideline on HIV and infant feeding. The aim of this paper is to determine the rate of adoption of exclusive breastfeeding in this cohort, examine the determinants of infant feeding choices of HIV-infected women and assess the underlying reasons for these choices. Methods: This was a mixed methods study conducted between September 2015 and May 2016. It analyses the quantitative and qualitative data of 1662 peripartum women enrolled in the East London Prospective Cohort Study across three large maternity services in the Eastern Cape. Women with HIV reported their preferred choices of infant feeding. In addition, participants explained the underlying reasons for their choices. Descriptive and inferential statistics summarised the quantitative data, while thematic content analysis was performed on qualitative data. Results: Of the 1662 women with complete responses, 80.3% opted to exclusively breastfeed their babies. In the adjusted model, up to grade 12 education level (AOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.86), rural/peri-urban residence (AOR:1.44; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.96), alcohol use (AOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.18), negative or unknown HIV status at booking (AOR:1.85; 95% CI:1.27, 2.70), currently married (AOR:1.43; 95% CI:1.01, 2.02) and WHO Clinical Stage 2–4 (AOR:1.77; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.72) were significantly associated with the decision to exclusively breastfeed. Health care providers’ recommendations, perceived benefits of breastfeeding, unaffordability of formula feeding, and coercion were the underlying reasons for wanting to breastfeed; while work/school-related demands, breast-related issues, and fear of infecting the baby influenced their decision to formula feed. Conclusion: The majority of HIV-infected women chose to breastfeed their babies in the Eastern Cape. Following up on these women to ensure they breastfeed exclusively, while also addressing their possible concerns, could be an important policy intervention. Future studies should focus on how early infant feeding decisions change over time, as well as the health outcomes for mother and child. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Infant feeding practice, infant formula feeding, HIV-infected peripartum women, South Africa, WHO guideline
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu , Issah, Moshood , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Ter Goon, Daniel , Avramovic, Gordana , Lambert, John
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Africa Infant Feeding Sub-sahara
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6063 , vital:45109 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-019-0201-5
- Description: Background: Despite the array of studies on infant feeding practices of HIV-infected women, gaps still exist in the understanding of the underlying reasons for their infant feeding choices. Potential for behavioural change exists, especially in the light of the 2016 updated World Health Organization guideline on HIV and infant feeding. The aim of this paper is to determine the rate of adoption of exclusive breastfeeding in this cohort, examine the determinants of infant feeding choices of HIV-infected women and assess the underlying reasons for these choices. Methods: This was a mixed methods study conducted between September 2015 and May 2016. It analyses the quantitative and qualitative data of 1662 peripartum women enrolled in the East London Prospective Cohort Study across three large maternity services in the Eastern Cape. Women with HIV reported their preferred choices of infant feeding. In addition, participants explained the underlying reasons for their choices. Descriptive and inferential statistics summarised the quantitative data, while thematic content analysis was performed on qualitative data. Results: Of the 1662 women with complete responses, 80.3% opted to exclusively breastfeed their babies. In the adjusted model, up to grade 12 education level (AOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.86), rural/peri-urban residence (AOR:1.44; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.96), alcohol use (AOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.18), negative or unknown HIV status at booking (AOR:1.85; 95% CI:1.27, 2.70), currently married (AOR:1.43; 95% CI:1.01, 2.02) and WHO Clinical Stage 2–4 (AOR:1.77; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.72) were significantly associated with the decision to exclusively breastfeed. Health care providers’ recommendations, perceived benefits of breastfeeding, unaffordability of formula feeding, and coercion were the underlying reasons for wanting to breastfeed; while work/school-related demands, breast-related issues, and fear of infecting the baby influenced their decision to formula feed. Conclusion: The majority of HIV-infected women chose to breastfeed their babies in the Eastern Cape. Following up on these women to ensure they breastfeed exclusively, while also addressing their possible concerns, could be an important policy intervention. Future studies should focus on how early infant feeding decisions change over time, as well as the health outcomes for mother and child. Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, Infant feeding practice, infant formula feeding, HIV-infected peripartum women, South Africa, WHO guideline
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Central obesity and normal-weight central obesity among adults attending healthcare facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa: a cross-sectional study
- Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara, Ter Goon, Daniel, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Authors: Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Ter Goon, Daniel , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa Obesity Central obesity, Overall obesity, Waist circumference, Waist-to-hip ratio, Waist-to-height ratio, NICE BMI-WC composite index, Health risk, Abdominal obesity Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5887 , vital:44664 , https://DOI10.1186/s41043-017-0133-x
- Description: Background Central obesity (CO) confers a significant threat on the cardio-metabolic health of individuals, independently of overall obesity. Disparities in the measures of fat distribution lead to misclassification of individuals who are at risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of central obesity and normal-weight central obesity among adults attending selected healthcare facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), South Africa, assess their health risk and examine the association between central obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases among adults with normal weight, measured by body mass index (BMI). Methods A cross-sectional survey of 998 adults was carried out at the three largest outpatient clinics in BCMM. Overall and central obesity were assessed using BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR). The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for data collection. Blood pressure and blood glucose were measured. Normal-weight central obesity was defined as CO among individuals with normal weight, as assessed by BMI. Health risk levels were assessed using the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) BMI-WC composite index. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the prevalence of CO, normal-weight central obesity and the predictors of CO. Results The mean age of participants was 42.6 (± 16.5) years. The prevalence of CO was 67.0, 58.0 and 71.0% by WC, WHR and WHTR, respectively. The prevalence of normal-weight central obesity was 26.9, 36.9 and 29.5% by WC, WHR and WHTR, respectively. About 41% of the participants had a very high health risk, 13% had increased risk or high risk and 33% had no health risk. Central obesity was significantly associated with hypertension but not associated with diabetes among those with normal weight (by BMI). Female sex, age over 30 years, marriage, secondary or tertiary level of education, non-smoking status, diabetes and hypertension significantly predicted central obesity among the study participants. Conclusion The prevalence of central obesity among the study participants is high, irrespective of the defining criteria. One in three adults of normal weight had central obesity. Body mass index should therefore not be used alone for clinical assessment by healthcare workers in the study setting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
- Authors: Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Ter Goon, Daniel , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa Obesity Central obesity, Overall obesity, Waist circumference, Waist-to-hip ratio, Waist-to-height ratio, NICE BMI-WC composite index, Health risk, Abdominal obesity Computer File
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5887 , vital:44664 , https://DOI10.1186/s41043-017-0133-x
- Description: Background Central obesity (CO) confers a significant threat on the cardio-metabolic health of individuals, independently of overall obesity. Disparities in the measures of fat distribution lead to misclassification of individuals who are at risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of central obesity and normal-weight central obesity among adults attending selected healthcare facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), South Africa, assess their health risk and examine the association between central obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases among adults with normal weight, measured by body mass index (BMI). Methods A cross-sectional survey of 998 adults was carried out at the three largest outpatient clinics in BCMM. Overall and central obesity were assessed using BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR). The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for data collection. Blood pressure and blood glucose were measured. Normal-weight central obesity was defined as CO among individuals with normal weight, as assessed by BMI. Health risk levels were assessed using the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) BMI-WC composite index. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the prevalence of CO, normal-weight central obesity and the predictors of CO. Results The mean age of participants was 42.6 (± 16.5) years. The prevalence of CO was 67.0, 58.0 and 71.0% by WC, WHR and WHTR, respectively. The prevalence of normal-weight central obesity was 26.9, 36.9 and 29.5% by WC, WHR and WHTR, respectively. About 41% of the participants had a very high health risk, 13% had increased risk or high risk and 33% had no health risk. Central obesity was significantly associated with hypertension but not associated with diabetes among those with normal weight (by BMI). Female sex, age over 30 years, marriage, secondary or tertiary level of education, non-smoking status, diabetes and hypertension significantly predicted central obesity among the study participants. Conclusion The prevalence of central obesity among the study participants is high, irrespective of the defining criteria. One in three adults of normal weight had central obesity. Body mass index should therefore not be used alone for clinical assessment by healthcare workers in the study setting.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2017
Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in theEastern Cape, South Africa
- Adeola, H A, Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent, Ajayi, Anthony Idowu, Goon, Daniel Ter, Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara, Eboh, Alfred, Lambert, John
- Authors: Adeola, H A , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu , Goon, Daniel Ter , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Eboh, Alfred , Lambert, John
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5272 , vital:44427 , https://neuro.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29653510/Factors_affecting_adherence_to_antiretroviral_therapy_among_pregnant_women_in_the_Eastern_Cape_South_Africa_
- Description: Background:Context-specific factors influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant womenliving with HIV. Gaps exist in the understanding of the reasons for the variable outcomes of the prevention ofmother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme at the health facility level in South Africa. This study examinedadherence levels and reasons for non-adherence during pregnancy in a cohort of parturient women enrolled in thePMTCT programme in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study involving 1709 parturient women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Weconducted a multi-centre retrospective analysis of the mother-infant pair in the PMTCT electronic database in 2016.Semi-structured interviews of purposively selected parturient women with self-reported poor adherence (n= 177)were conducted to gain understanding of the main barriers to adherence. Binary logistic regression was used todetermine the independent predictors of ART non-adherence.Results:A high proportion (69.0%) of women reported perfect adherence. In the logistic regression analysis, afteradjusting for confounding factors, marital status, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and non-disclosure to a family memberwere the independent predictors of non-adherence. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed that drug-related side-effects, being away from home, forgetfulness, non-disclosure, stigma and work-related demand were among the mainreasons for non-adherence to ART.Conclusions:Non-adherence to the antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in this setting is associated withlifestyle behaviours, HIV-related stigma and ART side-effects. In order to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV,clinicians need to screen for these factors at every antenatal clinic visit.Keywords:Adherence, Non-adherence, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Elimination of mother-to-child transmission,Prevention of mother-to-child transmission, Stigma, South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Adeola, H A , Adeniyi, Oladele Vincent , Ajayi, Anthony Idowu , Goon, Daniel Ter , Owolabi, Eyitayo Omolara , Eboh, Alfred , Lambert, John
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5272 , vital:44427 , https://neuro.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/29653510/Factors_affecting_adherence_to_antiretroviral_therapy_among_pregnant_women_in_the_Eastern_Cape_South_Africa_
- Description: Background:Context-specific factors influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant womenliving with HIV. Gaps exist in the understanding of the reasons for the variable outcomes of the prevention ofmother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme at the health facility level in South Africa. This study examinedadherence levels and reasons for non-adherence during pregnancy in a cohort of parturient women enrolled in thePMTCT programme in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods:This was a mixed-methods study involving 1709 parturient women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Weconducted a multi-centre retrospective analysis of the mother-infant pair in the PMTCT electronic database in 2016.Semi-structured interviews of purposively selected parturient women with self-reported poor adherence (n= 177)were conducted to gain understanding of the main barriers to adherence. Binary logistic regression was used todetermine the independent predictors of ART non-adherence.Results:A high proportion (69.0%) of women reported perfect adherence. In the logistic regression analysis, afteradjusting for confounding factors, marital status, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and non-disclosure to a family memberwere the independent predictors of non-adherence. Analysis of the qualitative data revealed that drug-related side-effects, being away from home, forgetfulness, non-disclosure, stigma and work-related demand were among the mainreasons for non-adherence to ART.Conclusions:Non-adherence to the antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women in this setting is associated withlifestyle behaviours, HIV-related stigma and ART side-effects. In order to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV,clinicians need to screen for these factors at every antenatal clinic visit.Keywords:Adherence, Non-adherence, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Elimination of mother-to-child transmission,Prevention of mother-to-child transmission, Stigma, South Africa
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Inequality in uptake of isoniazid prevention therapy and Mantoux test among pregnant women with HIV in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Journal
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5208 , vital:44379
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Journal
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/5208 , vital:44379
- Full Text:
Inequality in uptake of isoniazid prevention therapy and Mantoux test among pregnant women with HIV in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4650 , vital:44147
- Full Text:
- Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/4650 , vital:44147
- Full Text:
Foreign aid and the implementation of millennium development goals 4 and 5 in Nigeria
- Authors: Eyitayo, Adediran Foluke
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Millennium Development Goals , Economic assistance -- Nigeria Maternal and infant welfare -- Nigeria Public health -- Nigeria Sustainable development -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39841 , vital:35479
- Description: Nigeria has the largest population in Africa and with approximately 160 million people. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of poor people in the world. Over the years, the rate of maternal and child mortality reduction in Nigeria has been slow and this is largely due to bad infrastructure, low quality of education and poor health sector. This is largely due to government bureaucracy, problems within the aid administration process and its influence on developmental issues. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were created for countries to address human developmental issues within different countries around the world. The countries had to meet MDGs by 2015. Nigeria was not able to meet many of the set targets and had made only few improvements within the health department. This is largely due to government bureaucracy and the slow pace that is maintained during the formulation and implementation of governmental policies and programs. This study seeks to explore various issues that are identified in the attainment of MDGs 4 and 5: MDGs 4 with target 5 - 2/3 reductions in under than five mortality rates and MDG 5 with target 6 - ¾ reductions in the maternal mortality rate. This study will assess the efforts made by local and international organizations during the implementation of MDGs 4 and 5. This study will identify the impact of foreign aid on the health sector, with an intervention on the maternal and child mortality ratio, key international donors in the maternal and child sector. Document analysis is been adopted as the methodological approach for this research. These analysis focuses on documents such as publications, reports, policy papers and academic literature. One of the key findings in this study is that - lack of good policies of health services is a major barrier to the improvement in maternal and child mortality in Nigeria.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
- Authors: Eyitayo, Adediran Foluke
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Millennium Development Goals , Economic assistance -- Nigeria Maternal and infant welfare -- Nigeria Public health -- Nigeria Sustainable development -- Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/39841 , vital:35479
- Description: Nigeria has the largest population in Africa and with approximately 160 million people. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of poor people in the world. Over the years, the rate of maternal and child mortality reduction in Nigeria has been slow and this is largely due to bad infrastructure, low quality of education and poor health sector. This is largely due to government bureaucracy, problems within the aid administration process and its influence on developmental issues. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were created for countries to address human developmental issues within different countries around the world. The countries had to meet MDGs by 2015. Nigeria was not able to meet many of the set targets and had made only few improvements within the health department. This is largely due to government bureaucracy and the slow pace that is maintained during the formulation and implementation of governmental policies and programs. This study seeks to explore various issues that are identified in the attainment of MDGs 4 and 5: MDGs 4 with target 5 - 2/3 reductions in under than five mortality rates and MDG 5 with target 6 - ¾ reductions in the maternal mortality rate. This study will assess the efforts made by local and international organizations during the implementation of MDGs 4 and 5. This study will identify the impact of foreign aid on the health sector, with an intervention on the maternal and child mortality ratio, key international donors in the maternal and child sector. Document analysis is been adopted as the methodological approach for this research. These analysis focuses on documents such as publications, reports, policy papers and academic literature. One of the key findings in this study is that - lack of good policies of health services is a major barrier to the improvement in maternal and child mortality in Nigeria.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019
Researcher Profile and List of Publications Yumi phd.pdf
- Authors: Adelin Kantore
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7103 , vital:52882
- Full Text:
- Authors: Adelin Kantore
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7103 , vital:52882
- Full Text: