Beyond coming out: lesbians’ (alternative) stories of sexual identity told in post-Apartheid South Africa
- Gibson, Alexandra F, Macleod, Catriona I
- Authors: Gibson, Alexandra F , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6304 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016063
- Description: Over the last several decades, the ‘coming out’i story has become entrenched as the central narrative with which lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people can narrate their experiences of claiming a sexual identity and storying their lives in general (Bacon, 1998; Blackburn, 2009). It has developed into a “canonical narrative” (Bruner, 1987, p. 15), or a culturally recognisable story for LGB people, in that it involves the recounting of a series of familiar events in moving from a place of shame to one of self-acceptance about one’s sexual identity (Cohler & Hammack, 2007; Plummer, 1995). The ‘coming out’ canonical narrative additionally operates as a counter-narrative, which has enabled LGB people to voice their sexuality within heterosexist and heteronormative confines (Blackburn, 2009). Nevertheless, there are limitations (and limiting effects) to this narrative, and further refinement of how we understand sexual identity narratives is required. To illustrate this argument, we draw on a narrative-discursive study of eight lesbians’ stories of sexual identity in post-apartheid South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
- Authors: Gibson, Alexandra F , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2014
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6304 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016063
- Description: Over the last several decades, the ‘coming out’i story has become entrenched as the central narrative with which lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people can narrate their experiences of claiming a sexual identity and storying their lives in general (Bacon, 1998; Blackburn, 2009). It has developed into a “canonical narrative” (Bruner, 1987, p. 15), or a culturally recognisable story for LGB people, in that it involves the recounting of a series of familiar events in moving from a place of shame to one of self-acceptance about one’s sexual identity (Cohler & Hammack, 2007; Plummer, 1995). The ‘coming out’ canonical narrative additionally operates as a counter-narrative, which has enabled LGB people to voice their sexuality within heterosexist and heteronormative confines (Blackburn, 2009). Nevertheless, there are limitations (and limiting effects) to this narrative, and further refinement of how we understand sexual identity narratives is required. To illustrate this argument, we draw on a narrative-discursive study of eight lesbians’ stories of sexual identity in post-apartheid South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2014
Familiar claims : representations of same-gendered families in South African mainstream news media
- Authors: Morison, Tracy , Reddy, Vasu
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6211 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003062
- Description: From the Introduction: There has been significant reform of South African legislation pertaining to same-gendered families. The Constitution supports the rights of gay men and lesbians to establish life partnerships or, more recently, to enter into civil unions, to adopt children, keep custody of their own children in divorce proceedings, and to undertake co-parenting of their created families. Despite—or maybe because of—these developments, public debate on these issues is as lively and vociferous as it has ever been. At the time of writing this chapter, for instance, a veteran journalist published a column in a national newspaper in which he denounced same-gendered family “arrangements” as “neither the norm nor ultimately desirable” (Mulholland, 2013). Children in same-gendered families must be informed of this, he claimed. His argument was unsupported, save for unsubstantiated claims regarding the unnaturalness of same-gendered families, which defy “the natural order of things”, and the vehement refusal that “same-sex matrimony is the same as that of heterosexuals” (Mulholland, 2013). Mulholland’s column, which met with outrage by various activists and academics, demonstrates some of the ideas that circulate in public discussion of same-gendered families: concerns regarding the differences between homosexual and heterosexual families and the effects that these ‘differences’ might have on children living in ‘alternative’ families. In this chapter, we examine the public discussion, focusing on South African print media as a key site where debate has occurred. Recognising that the discussion of LGBTI issues in South Africa has increased in visibility over time, focusing on stories about coming out, rights, transgressions, stigma, discrimination and violence, this chapter concentrates on the public discussion in local print media that centre on ‘alternative’ family arrangements that are in contrast to a traditional heterosexual nuclear family. Drawing on a selection of print media reportage, we examine the social and public discourses that underpin and resist normative meanings associated with ‘the family’ as a social unit and, specifically, how same-gendered families (often rendered invisible and pathologised) are constructed within this material. , C. Lubbe & J. Marnell (Eds.) 2013. Home affairs: rethinking lesbian, gay, bisexual & transgender families in contemporary South Africa. A copy of the book can be obtained from: http://www.jacana.co.za
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Morison, Tracy , Reddy, Vasu
- Date: 2013
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6211 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003062
- Description: From the Introduction: There has been significant reform of South African legislation pertaining to same-gendered families. The Constitution supports the rights of gay men and lesbians to establish life partnerships or, more recently, to enter into civil unions, to adopt children, keep custody of their own children in divorce proceedings, and to undertake co-parenting of their created families. Despite—or maybe because of—these developments, public debate on these issues is as lively and vociferous as it has ever been. At the time of writing this chapter, for instance, a veteran journalist published a column in a national newspaper in which he denounced same-gendered family “arrangements” as “neither the norm nor ultimately desirable” (Mulholland, 2013). Children in same-gendered families must be informed of this, he claimed. His argument was unsupported, save for unsubstantiated claims regarding the unnaturalness of same-gendered families, which defy “the natural order of things”, and the vehement refusal that “same-sex matrimony is the same as that of heterosexuals” (Mulholland, 2013). Mulholland’s column, which met with outrage by various activists and academics, demonstrates some of the ideas that circulate in public discussion of same-gendered families: concerns regarding the differences between homosexual and heterosexual families and the effects that these ‘differences’ might have on children living in ‘alternative’ families. In this chapter, we examine the public discussion, focusing on South African print media as a key site where debate has occurred. Recognising that the discussion of LGBTI issues in South Africa has increased in visibility over time, focusing on stories about coming out, rights, transgressions, stigma, discrimination and violence, this chapter concentrates on the public discussion in local print media that centre on ‘alternative’ family arrangements that are in contrast to a traditional heterosexual nuclear family. Drawing on a selection of print media reportage, we examine the social and public discourses that underpin and resist normative meanings associated with ‘the family’ as a social unit and, specifically, how same-gendered families (often rendered invisible and pathologised) are constructed within this material. , C. Lubbe & J. Marnell (Eds.) 2013. Home affairs: rethinking lesbian, gay, bisexual & transgender families in contemporary South Africa. A copy of the book can be obtained from: http://www.jacana.co.za
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
Henry Williams : The Glasbury Bellfounder, and the production and tuning of bells
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6159 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004779 , Full text available to the end of Chapter 2
- Description: The production and tuning of church bells is described before attention is paid to Henry Williams, the Glasbury bellfounder who died in 1722, and his bells. The bells of TP, his apparent successor are also described. Henry Williams was probably a member of the Williams family of Gwernyfed and was born c 1635. His presumed family connections are described. Bells known to have been cast by Henry Williams between 1677 and 1719 are listed; their distribution depicted; and their qualities assessed. The inventory of Williams' possessions at the time of his death is presented and discussed. Bells cast by TP during a brief foray into bell founding, apparently 1738-40, are described and their qualities assessed. TP was probably Benjamin Tanner (T), the industrialist specialising in iron production who succeeded Williams at the Pipton forge (P) in Aberllynfi parish near Glasbury, or Tanner (T) and Samuel Prichard (P). Prichard was the grandson of Henry Williams and his sole executor. , A complete copy of this book is available at The Whiting Society of Ringers at: http://www.whitingsociety.org.uk
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2012
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6159 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004779 , Full text available to the end of Chapter 2
- Description: The production and tuning of church bells is described before attention is paid to Henry Williams, the Glasbury bellfounder who died in 1722, and his bells. The bells of TP, his apparent successor are also described. Henry Williams was probably a member of the Williams family of Gwernyfed and was born c 1635. His presumed family connections are described. Bells known to have been cast by Henry Williams between 1677 and 1719 are listed; their distribution depicted; and their qualities assessed. The inventory of Williams' possessions at the time of his death is presented and discussed. Bells cast by TP during a brief foray into bell founding, apparently 1738-40, are described and their qualities assessed. TP was probably Benjamin Tanner (T), the industrialist specialising in iron production who succeeded Williams at the Pipton forge (P) in Aberllynfi parish near Glasbury, or Tanner (T) and Samuel Prichard (P). Prichard was the grandson of Henry Williams and his sole executor. , A complete copy of this book is available at The Whiting Society of Ringers at: http://www.whitingsociety.org.uk
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
South African Shakespeare in the twentieth century
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:7061 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007425
- Description: This special section of the Shakespearean International Yearbook asks a series of questions about South African Shakespeare, chapter by chapter, focusing on the twentieth century. The temporal emphasis is deliberate, because it was particularly in the last century that Shakespeare became an issue, albeit a minor one, in relation to the titanic political and ideological struggles that convulsed the country throughout the period. The articles set out to examine and re-assess, in historical sequence, some of the acknowledged highlights of Shakespeare in South Africa in the last century. These are the moments when, for a range of different reasons, Shakespeare troubles the public sphere to claim attention in excess of that normally accorded ‘routine Shakespeare,’ that haphazard succession of productions, tours, educational debates, academic publications, reviews and commentary that comprises the internal history of the subject.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:7061 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007425
- Description: This special section of the Shakespearean International Yearbook asks a series of questions about South African Shakespeare, chapter by chapter, focusing on the twentieth century. The temporal emphasis is deliberate, because it was particularly in the last century that Shakespeare became an issue, albeit a minor one, in relation to the titanic political and ideological struggles that convulsed the country throughout the period. The articles set out to examine and re-assess, in historical sequence, some of the acknowledged highlights of Shakespeare in South Africa in the last century. These are the moments when, for a range of different reasons, Shakespeare troubles the public sphere to claim attention in excess of that normally accorded ‘routine Shakespeare,’ that haphazard succession of productions, tours, educational debates, academic publications, reviews and commentary that comprises the internal history of the subject.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Theory and South African developmental psychology research and literature
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6300 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015326
- Description: In this chapter we shall examine the theoretical assumptions that drive developmental psychology research and literature in South Africa. The basic underlying models utilised in developmental research may be described as (a) mechanistic; (b) organismic; (c) contextual and (d) social constructionist. A description of the fundamental premises of each of these will be followed by examples of research that utilise the particular approach. In the discussion, some of the controversies that plague developmental psychology research will be highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6300 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015326
- Description: In this chapter we shall examine the theoretical assumptions that drive developmental psychology research and literature in South Africa. The basic underlying models utilised in developmental research may be described as (a) mechanistic; (b) organismic; (c) contextual and (d) social constructionist. A description of the fundamental premises of each of these will be followed by examples of research that utilise the particular approach. In the discussion, some of the controversies that plague developmental psychology research will be highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2009
Access to educational resources: illustrative examples from rural schools in the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Hendricks, Monica
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:7020 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007200
- Description: [Introduction] This chapter looks at the causes and effects of the widely varying degree of access to material resources across schools in the Eastern Cape. Starting with a broad overview of schools and classroom resources across the whole province, I go on to examine the Grahamstown education district. I discuss the inequalities in resource provision between groupings of schools in the district: comparing independent and state schools, and also examining disparities across schools in different localities within the government sector. The role of parents in providing resources for their children’s schooling is also discussed, as are the relationships among the various participants in education, such as non-governmental organisations, officials of the Department of Education, and teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Hendricks, Monica
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:7020 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007200
- Description: [Introduction] This chapter looks at the causes and effects of the widely varying degree of access to material resources across schools in the Eastern Cape. Starting with a broad overview of schools and classroom resources across the whole province, I go on to examine the Grahamstown education district. I discuss the inequalities in resource provision between groupings of schools in the district: comparing independent and state schools, and also examining disparities across schools in different localities within the government sector. The role of parents in providing resources for their children’s schooling is also discussed, as are the relationships among the various participants in education, such as non-governmental organisations, officials of the Department of Education, and teachers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Disgrace as J.M.Coetzee's Tempest
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:7030 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007217
- Description: Amid the deluge of criticism and commentary evoked by Disgrace, quite remarkably nobody has noticed that the book re-engages exactly the energies Shakespeare deployed in The Tempest, a play which has become an icon, if not the icon, of colonial and post-colonial studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:7030 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007217
- Description: Amid the deluge of criticism and commentary evoked by Disgrace, quite remarkably nobody has noticed that the book re-engages exactly the energies Shakespeare deployed in The Tempest, a play which has become an icon, if not the icon, of colonial and post-colonial studies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
A research prospectus for the humanities
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter , text
- Identifier: vital:7027 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007213
- Description: The humanities in South Africa, as elsewhere, face a crisis of credibility.There is pressing need for the humanities to articulate their social and educational purpose more clearly, so that their academic value is recognised beyond the confines of academia.The aim of reshaping human character and society remains the foundational impulse of the humanities. This is achieved through the careful study of specially selected exemplary 'texts': literary works, fine art, social schemes, intellectual movements, historical episodes, and philosophical and religious outlooks.Students are required to respond in person to both 'text' and the discourse of which it is an exemplary instantiation. This is the manner in which they act to influence character and society.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter , text
- Identifier: vital:7027 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007213
- Description: The humanities in South Africa, as elsewhere, face a crisis of credibility.There is pressing need for the humanities to articulate their social and educational purpose more clearly, so that their academic value is recognised beyond the confines of academia.The aim of reshaping human character and society remains the foundational impulse of the humanities. This is achieved through the careful study of specially selected exemplary 'texts': literary works, fine art, social schemes, intellectual movements, historical episodes, and philosophical and religious outlooks.Students are required to respond in person to both 'text' and the discourse of which it is an exemplary instantiation. This is the manner in which they act to influence character and society.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Learning (dis)advantage in matriculation language classrooms
- Authors: Prinsloo, Jeanne
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:529 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008479
- Description: During the first decade of democracy in South Africa formal education has been characterised by sweeping policy shifts and consequent curriculum revision. In many instances, curricular revisions are criticised for failing to effect desired or anticipated changes. In this chapter the focus is on the language curriculum and the associated practices, or what I refer to as the literacy practices that have become naturalised over decades and persist in the present. The argument that is presented here contends that to enable effective change, it is essential to understand better what has historically constituted literacy practices and to recognise their social, cultural and economic implications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Prinsloo, Jeanne
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:529 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008479
- Description: During the first decade of democracy in South Africa formal education has been characterised by sweeping policy shifts and consequent curriculum revision. In many instances, curricular revisions are criticised for failing to effect desired or anticipated changes. In this chapter the focus is on the language curriculum and the associated practices, or what I refer to as the literacy practices that have become naturalised over decades and persist in the present. The argument that is presented here contends that to enable effective change, it is essential to understand better what has historically constituted literacy practices and to recognise their social, cultural and economic implications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Introduction [to the book "Thuthula: Heart of the Labyrinth" by Chris Zithulele Mann]
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:7057 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007419
- Description: There are certain stories, the world over, that stir our hearts and minds to imaginings richer and deeper than the bald facts of history can easily satisfy. Such is the legend of Thuthula, the young Xhosa girl whose beauty and grace won the heart of Ngqika, chief of the Rharhabe Xhosa; the woman who was later married to his uncle Ndlambe, and then taken by Ngqika to become his wife. The events took place in or around the years 1806 and 1807 in what is now the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Prior to the central episode treated in the play, legend has it that Thuthula was out collecting firewood one day with her friends when she knelt at a spring to drink. Startled by the sudden appearance of a hunting dog crossing the stream below the spring, she looked up and saw a handsome young hunter chasing behind the dog. She was struck by his charm and good looks. Teasingly, as any young girl might do, she called her friends round her and challenged the young man to choose his favourite from among them. Amid much flirting and laughter, the object of all this girlish attention was pushed into making a choice. Inevitably, given her beauty, his playful decision fell on Thuthula. This was the first meeting of Thuthula, daughter of Mthunzana, with Ngqika, son of Chief Mlawu.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Wright, Laurence
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:7057 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007419
- Description: There are certain stories, the world over, that stir our hearts and minds to imaginings richer and deeper than the bald facts of history can easily satisfy. Such is the legend of Thuthula, the young Xhosa girl whose beauty and grace won the heart of Ngqika, chief of the Rharhabe Xhosa; the woman who was later married to his uncle Ndlambe, and then taken by Ngqika to become his wife. The events took place in or around the years 1806 and 1807 in what is now the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Prior to the central episode treated in the play, legend has it that Thuthula was out collecting firewood one day with her friends when she knelt at a spring to drink. Startled by the sudden appearance of a hunting dog crossing the stream below the spring, she looked up and saw a handsome young hunter chasing behind the dog. She was struck by his charm and good looks. Teasingly, as any young girl might do, she called her friends round her and challenged the young man to choose his favourite from among them. Amid much flirting and laughter, the object of all this girlish attention was pushed into making a choice. Inevitably, given her beauty, his playful decision fell on Thuthula. This was the first meeting of Thuthula, daughter of Mthunzana, with Ngqika, son of Chief Mlawu.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Recognition and development of the Irish Draught horse
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6728 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007163
- Description: The number of horses in Ireland had shown remarkable consistency from 1861 until just before 1951. Between the end of the Second World War and 1951 there was a rapid decrease in the number of working horses, and the rate of the decrease accelerated during the decade of the 1950s and the early 1960s. Throughout the 1960s popular emphasis was placed on mechanisation, as if there were no role for the horse as a working animal. Even the production of pleasure horses seems to have been initially regarded as of little value. The 1970s were a sad period for both light and heavy draught horses in County Cork, as in the rest of Ireland. With increased mechanisation, the market for heavy draught animals which had previously dominated transport in the city of Cork, came to an end. There was a great danger that the Irish Draught would soon become extinct, so the formation of the Irish Draught Horse Society in 1976 was of great importance for the development of the Irish Draught as a breed. In 1982 this society published the "Breed Standard and Guideline", the first time that an official standard had been published for an Irish Draught. Despite various schemes during the 1980s and 1990s designed to increase the number and improve the quality of the Irish Draught horse population, it is, at the beginning of the 21st Century, one of the world's endangered breeds.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6728 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007163
- Description: The number of horses in Ireland had shown remarkable consistency from 1861 until just before 1951. Between the end of the Second World War and 1951 there was a rapid decrease in the number of working horses, and the rate of the decrease accelerated during the decade of the 1950s and the early 1960s. Throughout the 1960s popular emphasis was placed on mechanisation, as if there were no role for the horse as a working animal. Even the production of pleasure horses seems to have been initially regarded as of little value. The 1970s were a sad period for both light and heavy draught horses in County Cork, as in the rest of Ireland. With increased mechanisation, the market for heavy draught animals which had previously dominated transport in the city of Cork, came to an end. There was a great danger that the Irish Draught would soon become extinct, so the formation of the Irish Draught Horse Society in 1976 was of great importance for the development of the Irish Draught as a breed. In 1982 this society published the "Breed Standard and Guideline", the first time that an official standard had been published for an Irish Draught. Despite various schemes during the 1980s and 1990s designed to increase the number and improve the quality of the Irish Draught horse population, it is, at the beginning of the 21st Century, one of the world's endangered breeds.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2005
The glaciations of Wales and adjacent areas, Introduction and Chapter 8: The upper Wye and USK regions
- Lewis, Colin A, Thomas, G S P
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Thomas, G S P
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6727 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007160
- Description: [From the preface]: The landscapes of Wales and adjacent areas have been profoundly influenced by glaciation. Much attention has been paid to the origins of the Welsh landscape, and, especially, to its morphology. This book, like its predecessor, "The glaciations of Wales and adjoining regions", published in 1970, aims to encourage and guide further research into the glacial history of Wales and its borderlands. [From Chapter 8]: Mid-Wales was probably glaciated on at least two occasions during the Pleistocene. The glacial sediments and landforms discussed in this chapter appear to be of Late Devensian age. The scale of glaciation during the Late Devensian varied from ice-sheet to cirque glacier in size. During glaciation the mid-Wales ice-sheet shrank to become two major valley glaciers, those of the Wye and the Usk. The age of deglaciation, especially in the Wye drainage basin, is a matter for debate and much absolute dating is still needed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Thomas, G S P
- Date: 2005
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6727 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007160
- Description: [From the preface]: The landscapes of Wales and adjacent areas have been profoundly influenced by glaciation. Much attention has been paid to the origins of the Welsh landscape, and, especially, to its morphology. This book, like its predecessor, "The glaciations of Wales and adjoining regions", published in 1970, aims to encourage and guide further research into the glacial history of Wales and its borderlands. [From Chapter 8]: Mid-Wales was probably glaciated on at least two occasions during the Pleistocene. The glacial sediments and landforms discussed in this chapter appear to be of Late Devensian age. The scale of glaciation during the Late Devensian varied from ice-sheet to cirque glacier in size. During glaciation the mid-Wales ice-sheet shrank to become two major valley glaciers, those of the Wye and the Usk. The age of deglaciation, especially in the Wye drainage basin, is a matter for debate and much absolute dating is still needed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2005
Psycho-medical expertise: the governmental interstice in the private/public, individual/society divide
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6297 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014782 , https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=442
- Description: The continued dominance of the individual/society and private/public dualisms in psychological theory and practice has been bemoaned by critical psychologists. What we need to understand, however, is that these dualisms are essential to maintaining psycho-medical expertise in its present position of authority in the power/knowledge nexus of the human condition. Drawing on Derridean and Foucauldian theory, this chapter explicates how psychomedical expertise re-produces these dualisms while at the same time providing the interstice between the individual and the social, the private and the public required for governmental concerns to be installed in the everyday lives of people. The argument is illustrated by examples of expertise surrounding teenage pregnancy. Issues of governmental security translate into the incentive to manage risk at the individual level. For this to occur the individual needs to be rendered as an object of government. Psycho-medical experts achieve this by providing the language needed to describe her/him (in intricate detail), the grids of visibility to bring him/her into the plane of sight, and calibrations of normalisation. This object, finally, is converted into a subject of self-government who monitors and regulates him/herself and renders him/herself true to him/herself in confession to the expert. Psychomedical expertise is as much part of political power as are the formal bureaucratic instruments of government. However, this power is simultaneously masked and made possible by the individual/society and private/public divides. , Full text available on publisher site: https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=442
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2004
- Authors: Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2004
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6297 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1014782 , https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=442
- Description: The continued dominance of the individual/society and private/public dualisms in psychological theory and practice has been bemoaned by critical psychologists. What we need to understand, however, is that these dualisms are essential to maintaining psycho-medical expertise in its present position of authority in the power/knowledge nexus of the human condition. Drawing on Derridean and Foucauldian theory, this chapter explicates how psychomedical expertise re-produces these dualisms while at the same time providing the interstice between the individual and the social, the private and the public required for governmental concerns to be installed in the everyday lives of people. The argument is illustrated by examples of expertise surrounding teenage pregnancy. Issues of governmental security translate into the incentive to manage risk at the individual level. For this to occur the individual needs to be rendered as an object of government. Psycho-medical experts achieve this by providing the language needed to describe her/him (in intricate detail), the grids of visibility to bring him/her into the plane of sight, and calibrations of normalisation. This object, finally, is converted into a subject of self-government who monitors and regulates him/herself and renders him/herself true to him/herself in confession to the expert. Psychomedical expertise is as much part of political power as are the formal bureaucratic instruments of government. However, this power is simultaneously masked and made possible by the individual/society and private/public divides. , Full text available on publisher site: https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=442
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2004
Application of the Minolta chromameter to the assessment of corticosteroid-induced skin blanching
- Walker, Roderick B, Haigh, John M, Smith, Eric W
- Authors: Walker, Roderick B , Haigh, John M , Smith, Eric W
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter , text
- Identifier: vital:6451 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006639
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
- Authors: Walker, Roderick B , Haigh, John M , Smith, Eric W
- Date: 2000
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter , text
- Identifier: vital:6451 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006639
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2000
Assessing penetration enhances for topical corticosteroids
- Smith, Eric W, Haigh, John M
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006629
- Description: From introduction: Topical corticosteroids have been used for a wide range of dermatological conditions for the last 4 decades. For many years the topical delivery system was a relatively simple cream or ointment base, with little thought given to improving the formulation as far as drug delivery was concerned. The main emphasis in the initial stages of development was on the alteration of the corticosteroid molecule, in an attempt to produce moieties with a higher intrinsic topical effect with lower mineralocorticoid side effects. Once this avenue of research was exhausted, attention was placed on the lipophilicity of the molecule with the production of various types of esters in an attempt to produce molecules which would pass through the stratum corneum (SC) with reasonable ease. In recent years the nature of the semisolid drug delivery base has received considerable attention.2-5The nature of the vehicle has a profound effect on the rate of release of the topical corticosteroid from the formulation and its passage through the SC. One of the most important aspects of the formulation of the base is the inclusion of substances which aid this trads-SC diffusion, the so-called penetration enhancers.6The modes of action of the various different types of penetration enhancers are reviewed elsewhere in this book. The best method for the assessment of the release of corticosteroids from topical formulations is obviously the clinical tri~. Clinical trials, however, are laborious, costly, and difficult to mount. Patients suffering from dermatological complaints are not ideal subjects for the testing of topical corticosteroid formulations as it is difficult to obtain standardized lesions which are necessary for the comparison of results between formulations. Alternatively, a number of in vitro models exist for this type of assessment, but it is often problematic to obtain correlation with the in vivo situation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6442 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006629
- Description: From introduction: Topical corticosteroids have been used for a wide range of dermatological conditions for the last 4 decades. For many years the topical delivery system was a relatively simple cream or ointment base, with little thought given to improving the formulation as far as drug delivery was concerned. The main emphasis in the initial stages of development was on the alteration of the corticosteroid molecule, in an attempt to produce moieties with a higher intrinsic topical effect with lower mineralocorticoid side effects. Once this avenue of research was exhausted, attention was placed on the lipophilicity of the molecule with the production of various types of esters in an attempt to produce molecules which would pass through the stratum corneum (SC) with reasonable ease. In recent years the nature of the semisolid drug delivery base has received considerable attention.2-5The nature of the vehicle has a profound effect on the rate of release of the topical corticosteroid from the formulation and its passage through the SC. One of the most important aspects of the formulation of the base is the inclusion of substances which aid this trads-SC diffusion, the so-called penetration enhancers.6The modes of action of the various different types of penetration enhancers are reviewed elsewhere in this book. The best method for the assessment of the release of corticosteroids from topical formulations is obviously the clinical tri~. Clinical trials, however, are laborious, costly, and difficult to mount. Patients suffering from dermatological complaints are not ideal subjects for the testing of topical corticosteroid formulations as it is difficult to obtain standardized lesions which are necessary for the comparison of results between formulations. Alternatively, a number of in vitro models exist for this type of assessment, but it is often problematic to obtain correlation with the in vivo situation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
In vivo/in vitro assessments of topical hydrocortisone availability: correlation between blanching assay and laboratory cell experiments
- Smith, Eric W, Haigh, John M
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006624
- Description: From introduction: Topical corticosteroids are still the most widely used drugs in the treatment of dermatological conditions. Early corticosteroid dosage forms consisted of simple creams or ointments where more emphasis was placed on the potency of the drug molecule than on the intrinsic delivery potential of the vehicle. More recently, the effect that the composition of the semisolid base has on the extent of drug delivery has been researched to a much greater extent. These advances in the science of dosage form design have necessitated the refinement of precise and accurate methods for testing the drug delivery efficacies of the developed products. Obviously, the best method for the assessment of the effectiveness of corticosteroid formulations is in a therapeutic situation. Clinical trials, however, are fraught with methodological problems that make duplication of a trial impossible. Alternatively, a number of pharmacological models4 exist for this type of assessment, but it is often problematic to obtain correlation with the true dermatological conditions. The human skin blanching assay is one of the most reliable and reproducible of the ill vivo methods available for the assessment of topical corticosteroid formulations. The skin whitening (blanching or vasoconstriction) side-effect that follows corticosteroid application was first utilized in 1962 as a measure of the percutaneous absorption of corticosteroids from topical formulations. Optimization of this initial procedure7.s has produced a reliable and precise bioassay methodology for the assessment of the efficacy of topical corticosteroid formulations. One criticism of this assay has been the subjective nature of the observation procedure. Although these points have repeatedly been addressed in the literature, it has been suggested that it would be beneficial to have some ill vitro penetration data to supplement ill vivo observations, as this would strengthen the assessment of the topical equivalence of similar delivery formulations. With this objective in mind, a comparison of hydrocortisone release from two proprietary cream formulations was compared by in vivo and ill vitro techniques to determine if any correlation could be established between the methodologies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006624
- Description: From introduction: Topical corticosteroids are still the most widely used drugs in the treatment of dermatological conditions. Early corticosteroid dosage forms consisted of simple creams or ointments where more emphasis was placed on the potency of the drug molecule than on the intrinsic delivery potential of the vehicle. More recently, the effect that the composition of the semisolid base has on the extent of drug delivery has been researched to a much greater extent. These advances in the science of dosage form design have necessitated the refinement of precise and accurate methods for testing the drug delivery efficacies of the developed products. Obviously, the best method for the assessment of the effectiveness of corticosteroid formulations is in a therapeutic situation. Clinical trials, however, are fraught with methodological problems that make duplication of a trial impossible. Alternatively, a number of pharmacological models4 exist for this type of assessment, but it is often problematic to obtain correlation with the true dermatological conditions. The human skin blanching assay is one of the most reliable and reproducible of the ill vivo methods available for the assessment of topical corticosteroid formulations. The skin whitening (blanching or vasoconstriction) side-effect that follows corticosteroid application was first utilized in 1962 as a measure of the percutaneous absorption of corticosteroids from topical formulations. Optimization of this initial procedure7.s has produced a reliable and precise bioassay methodology for the assessment of the efficacy of topical corticosteroid formulations. One criticism of this assay has been the subjective nature of the observation procedure. Although these points have repeatedly been addressed in the literature, it has been suggested that it would be beneficial to have some ill vitro penetration data to supplement ill vivo observations, as this would strengthen the assessment of the topical equivalence of similar delivery formulations. With this objective in mind, a comparison of hydrocortisone release from two proprietary cream formulations was compared by in vivo and ill vitro techniques to determine if any correlation could be established between the methodologies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Accuracy and reproducibility of the multiple-reading skin blanching assay
- Smith, Eric W, Meyer, Eric, Haigh, John M
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Meyer, Eric , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1992
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006625
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Meyer, Eric , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1992
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6439 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006625
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992
In vitro systems for the assessment of drug release from topical formulations and trans-membrane permeation
- Smith, Eric W, Haigh, John M
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6441 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006628
- Description: Numerous experimental methods have been developed to investigate drug release from vehicles and the percutaneous absorption of topically applied chemicals. The objective of this research is often to find correlation between laboratory results and the transdermal absorption experienced by living subjects so that in vivo experimentation may be curtailed. In many instances, the diverse experimental techniques tend to obscure absorption-controlling factors and complicate inter study comparisons, rather than clarify the complex transdermal absorption process. Moreover, lack of agreement between results may occasionally be ascribed to shortcomings in the in vitro methodology employed. The benefits of using an in vitro cell system for the preliminary testing of drug permeation in the laboratory are obvious. The environmental and diffusion variables may be controlled in an attempt to elucidate specific factors affecting the kinetic processes and drug bioavailability. Investigations are complex because of the multiple, interrelated events underlying the processes of drug partitioning from the applied vehicle and diffusion through the portals of the stratum corneum to the myriad of metabolic, binding, and clearance activities in the lower epidermal and dermal strata.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6441 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006628
- Description: Numerous experimental methods have been developed to investigate drug release from vehicles and the percutaneous absorption of topically applied chemicals. The objective of this research is often to find correlation between laboratory results and the transdermal absorption experienced by living subjects so that in vivo experimentation may be curtailed. In many instances, the diverse experimental techniques tend to obscure absorption-controlling factors and complicate inter study comparisons, rather than clarify the complex transdermal absorption process. Moreover, lack of agreement between results may occasionally be ascribed to shortcomings in the in vitro methodology employed. The benefits of using an in vitro cell system for the preliminary testing of drug permeation in the laboratory are obvious. The environmental and diffusion variables may be controlled in an attempt to elucidate specific factors affecting the kinetic processes and drug bioavailability. Investigations are complex because of the multiple, interrelated events underlying the processes of drug partitioning from the applied vehicle and diffusion through the portals of the stratum corneum to the myriad of metabolic, binding, and clearance activities in the lower epidermal and dermal strata.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
The human skin-blanching assay as an indicator of topical corticosteroid bioavailability and potency: an update
- Smith, Eric W, Meyer, Eric, Haigh, John M, Maibach, Harold I
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Meyer, Eric , Haigh, John M , Maibach, Harold I
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6440 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006627 , ISBN 0824780361
- Description: The human skin-blanching (or vasoconstrictor) assay has evolved from initial observations that corticosteroids induce a pallor or whitening of the skin to which they are applied. McKenzie and Stoughton (1962) are generally recognized as having developed the first scientific bioassay for comparing corticosteroid potency. The extensive use of this bioassay to compare drug release from topical delivery systems has demonstrated numerous instances in which the topical bioavailability may vary greatly, dependent on the character of the delivery vehicle. It has become evident that simply incorporating an intrinsically potent drug into a formulation does not necessarily produce a clinically efficacious product.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Meyer, Eric , Haigh, John M , Maibach, Harold I
- Date: 1989
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: vital:6440 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006627 , ISBN 0824780361
- Description: The human skin-blanching (or vasoconstrictor) assay has evolved from initial observations that corticosteroids induce a pallor or whitening of the skin to which they are applied. McKenzie and Stoughton (1962) are generally recognized as having developed the first scientific bioassay for comparing corticosteroid potency. The extensive use of this bioassay to compare drug release from topical delivery systems has demonstrated numerous instances in which the topical bioavailability may vary greatly, dependent on the character of the delivery vehicle. It has become evident that simply incorporating an intrinsically potent drug into a formulation does not necessarily produce a clinically efficacious product.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989
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