The Educational Journal
- Date: 1993-02
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/37479 , vital:34171 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1993-02
- Date: 1993-02
- Subjects: Education –- South Africa , South Africa -- Politics and government , Government, Resistance to -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/37479 , vital:34171 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1993-02
"Why I like history ...": Ciskeian secondary school pupils' attitudes towards history
- Atuahene-Sarpong, Boateng Kofi
- Authors: Atuahene-Sarpong, Boateng Kofi
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: History -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa--Ciskei -- Attitudes , History -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1824 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003710 , History -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa--Ciskei -- Attitudes , History -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Description: This dissertation was motivated by the decline in percentage of the number of Standard 10 pupils who offered History for the National Senior Certificate (Matriculation) Examination in the Mathole Directorate in the Ciskei from 1987 - 1990. The research revealed that the decrease in the number of pupils doing History in Standard 10 did not indicate loss of interest in the subject. Instead, the multiplicity of new subjects introduced in the school curriculum and some peculiar subject combinations in some schools forced some pupils (reluctantly) to reject History as a school subject. Those who chose to do History in Standard 10 showed their liking for the subject and expressed their interest in it. The study took the form of a survey through the use of questionnaire and informal chats with pupils and teachers on their views about History as a school subject. A questionnaire was designed for pupils offering History in Standard 10 and administered in four of the eight Senior Secondary Schools in the Mathole Directorate in Ciskei. Generally, work on pupils' interest in and attitude towards History as a school subject is very rare. Some of the few available works merely compare pupils' liking for History as opposed to other school subjects and when the response is not favourable; conclude that pupils in Senior Secondary Schools do not enjoy studying History. Pupils' interest in and attitudes towards the subject, the extent of their interest, the causes of their attitude and the internal and external influences on their interest in and attitudes towards the subject were neglected by earlier works, but have been given attention in this study. As a result of very little available work and material, pupils' responses to the questionnaire formed the basis of the material used in this work. A large number of pupils' responses was put in tables according to sex instead of schools. Where applicable, X2 tests were administered to see if there were any appreciable statistically significant differences between the responses of the boys and girls. In most cases where the X2 tests were applied, no statistically difference was noticed. The study showed more boys than girls showing interest in and positive attitudes towards History. The general picture of the study showed a deviation from the view commonly expressed by other studies that pupils in modern Senior Secondary Schools do not like History. As this study revealed, it is not the subject itself that pupils did not like, but the way it is handled by some teachers and lack of teaching aids to concretise events. This leads to the role of Teacher Training Institutions: which must be to produce the versatile, duty-conscious and innovating History teacher to revolutionise History teaching to make History alive to pupils.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Atuahene-Sarpong, Boateng Kofi
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: History -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa--Ciskei -- Attitudes , History -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1824 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003710 , History -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa--Ciskei -- Attitudes , History -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa -- Ciskei
- Description: This dissertation was motivated by the decline in percentage of the number of Standard 10 pupils who offered History for the National Senior Certificate (Matriculation) Examination in the Mathole Directorate in the Ciskei from 1987 - 1990. The research revealed that the decrease in the number of pupils doing History in Standard 10 did not indicate loss of interest in the subject. Instead, the multiplicity of new subjects introduced in the school curriculum and some peculiar subject combinations in some schools forced some pupils (reluctantly) to reject History as a school subject. Those who chose to do History in Standard 10 showed their liking for the subject and expressed their interest in it. The study took the form of a survey through the use of questionnaire and informal chats with pupils and teachers on their views about History as a school subject. A questionnaire was designed for pupils offering History in Standard 10 and administered in four of the eight Senior Secondary Schools in the Mathole Directorate in Ciskei. Generally, work on pupils' interest in and attitude towards History as a school subject is very rare. Some of the few available works merely compare pupils' liking for History as opposed to other school subjects and when the response is not favourable; conclude that pupils in Senior Secondary Schools do not enjoy studying History. Pupils' interest in and attitudes towards the subject, the extent of their interest, the causes of their attitude and the internal and external influences on their interest in and attitudes towards the subject were neglected by earlier works, but have been given attention in this study. As a result of very little available work and material, pupils' responses to the questionnaire formed the basis of the material used in this work. A large number of pupils' responses was put in tables according to sex instead of schools. Where applicable, X2 tests were administered to see if there were any appreciable statistically significant differences between the responses of the boys and girls. In most cases where the X2 tests were applied, no statistically difference was noticed. The study showed more boys than girls showing interest in and positive attitudes towards History. The general picture of the study showed a deviation from the view commonly expressed by other studies that pupils in modern Senior Secondary Schools do not like History. As this study revealed, it is not the subject itself that pupils did not like, but the way it is handled by some teachers and lack of teaching aids to concretise events. This leads to the role of Teacher Training Institutions: which must be to produce the versatile, duty-conscious and innovating History teacher to revolutionise History teaching to make History alive to pupils.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
"Working in the grave" the development of a health and safety system on the Witwatersrand gold mines, 1900-1939
- Authors: Smith, Matthew John
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- Witwatersrand -- Safety measures -- History -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2557 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002410 , Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- Witwatersrand -- Safety measures -- History -- 20th century
- Description: This thesis analyses the establishment of a health and safety system on the Witwatersrand gold mines in the period between the end of the South African War and the eve of World War Two. The period has been chosen, firstly, because the South African War had seriously disrupted production and the industry virtually had to start up again from scratch; secondly, because it was during this period that mine and state officials began to seriously investigate the reasons for the appalling mortality and morbidity rates on these mines; and, thirdly, because during this period some improvements did occur which were significant enough to enable the industry to warrant the lifting, in the latter part of the 1930s, of the ban on tropicals, enforced since 1913 as a result of their extremely high mortality rate. In the first thirty years of the twentieth century about 93 000 African miners died disease-related deaths and in the same period some 15000 African miners were killed in work-related deaths. In attempting to establish why so many African miners died, the thesis attempts to identify the diseases and accidents that caused these deaths and considers what attempts were made to bring mortality and morbidity rates down. Whilst the thesis is neither a history of gold mining in South Africa nor an economic history of South Africa in the period 1901 to 1939, it nevertheless, as detailed in the first chapter, places the health and safety system within the context of the wider political and economic forces that shaped the mining industry in this period. The need for a productive and efficient labour force, vital for the industry'S survival during a number of profitability crises in this period, forced the industry to reassess compound structures, nutrition and eventually the health of its work force. These issues of compounds, work and diet are discussed in chapters two, three and four. Appalling living and working conditions led to a high incidence of pulmonary diseases - TB, silicosis and pneumonia - which were the principal killers on the mines. Attempts to cure or prevent their occurrence are discussed in chapter five. Fear of disruptions to production ensured that the mining industry eventually also devoted considerable resources to accident prevention, a theme which is discussed in chapter six. The thesis concludes that the mining industry for much of this period was able to determine the pace of change; neither state officials nor African miners were able to significantly alter the tempo. In fact the industry was so successful that it was able to convince a number of government commissions in the 1940s that the migrant system had to stay, to ensure the wellbeing of the miner. This meant that despite considerable time, money and effort being spent on establishing a health and safety system on the gold mines, the mining industry was still of the opinion that the health of their workers was best served if they were sent home.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Smith, Matthew John
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- Witwatersrand -- Safety measures -- History -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2557 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002410 , Gold mines and mining -- South Africa -- Witwatersrand -- Safety measures -- History -- 20th century
- Description: This thesis analyses the establishment of a health and safety system on the Witwatersrand gold mines in the period between the end of the South African War and the eve of World War Two. The period has been chosen, firstly, because the South African War had seriously disrupted production and the industry virtually had to start up again from scratch; secondly, because it was during this period that mine and state officials began to seriously investigate the reasons for the appalling mortality and morbidity rates on these mines; and, thirdly, because during this period some improvements did occur which were significant enough to enable the industry to warrant the lifting, in the latter part of the 1930s, of the ban on tropicals, enforced since 1913 as a result of their extremely high mortality rate. In the first thirty years of the twentieth century about 93 000 African miners died disease-related deaths and in the same period some 15000 African miners were killed in work-related deaths. In attempting to establish why so many African miners died, the thesis attempts to identify the diseases and accidents that caused these deaths and considers what attempts were made to bring mortality and morbidity rates down. Whilst the thesis is neither a history of gold mining in South Africa nor an economic history of South Africa in the period 1901 to 1939, it nevertheless, as detailed in the first chapter, places the health and safety system within the context of the wider political and economic forces that shaped the mining industry in this period. The need for a productive and efficient labour force, vital for the industry'S survival during a number of profitability crises in this period, forced the industry to reassess compound structures, nutrition and eventually the health of its work force. These issues of compounds, work and diet are discussed in chapters two, three and four. Appalling living and working conditions led to a high incidence of pulmonary diseases - TB, silicosis and pneumonia - which were the principal killers on the mines. Attempts to cure or prevent their occurrence are discussed in chapter five. Fear of disruptions to production ensured that the mining industry eventually also devoted considerable resources to accident prevention, a theme which is discussed in chapter six. The thesis concludes that the mining industry for much of this period was able to determine the pace of change; neither state officials nor African miners were able to significantly alter the tempo. In fact the industry was so successful that it was able to convince a number of government commissions in the 1940s that the migrant system had to stay, to ensure the wellbeing of the miner. This meant that despite considerable time, money and effort being spent on establishing a health and safety system on the gold mines, the mining industry was still of the opinion that the health of their workers was best served if they were sent home.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
'A search for educational relevance' : an investigation into the teaching of the rural settlement component of the secondary school syllabus with special reference to Venda
- Authors: Mphaphuli, Shonisani Eunice
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Geography -- Curricula -- South Africa Geography -- South Africa -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Rural geography -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Land settlement -- South Africa -- Venda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1760 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003645
- Description: School geography has been identified as the one subject which has the most potential to develop pupils' ability to identify with their community and with their environment. Through the development of a sense of place pupils are encouraged to become effective perceivers, users, appreciators, evaluators and developers of their environment (Catling 1987. This approach to the teaching of geography implies that the content and the teaching strategies need to be perceived as relevant. Relevance in this study is taken to incorporate not only the needs of the pupils and the community but also of the subject. The location of this study in Venda, an area which is predominantly rural in nature sought to emphasise the important role which rural settlement geography can play in aiding the development of these pupils' sense of place and social identity. The research therefore concentrated on the approaches and teaching strategies used in the teaching of rural settlement in Venda secondary schools. This was achieved through a survey which involved geography teachers and pupils in the Thohoyandou inspection area. The place of rural settlement in the current geography curriculum was established through an analysis of the relevant syllabuses, textbooks and senior certificate examination papers. This analysis was primarily undertaken to illuminate the extent to which rural settlement geography in the South African curriculum complies with accepted criteria for relevance. The study revealed that the teaching of rural settlement in Venda is textbook-related and teacher- directed with no attempt to capitalise upon the pupils' experience of their rural environment. This was largely ascribed to the constraints of the syllabus and the demands of the examination system. When allied to the problems teachers have concerning syllabus development, the validity and relevance of this aspect of the syllabus is reduced. More importantly, because the local environment is not perceived as having value in the teaching of geography, the Venda pupils' perception of the value of their environment is diminished.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Mphaphuli, Shonisani Eunice
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Geography -- Curricula -- South Africa Geography -- South Africa -- Study and teaching (Secondary) Rural geography -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Land settlement -- South Africa -- Venda
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1760 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003645
- Description: School geography has been identified as the one subject which has the most potential to develop pupils' ability to identify with their community and with their environment. Through the development of a sense of place pupils are encouraged to become effective perceivers, users, appreciators, evaluators and developers of their environment (Catling 1987. This approach to the teaching of geography implies that the content and the teaching strategies need to be perceived as relevant. Relevance in this study is taken to incorporate not only the needs of the pupils and the community but also of the subject. The location of this study in Venda, an area which is predominantly rural in nature sought to emphasise the important role which rural settlement geography can play in aiding the development of these pupils' sense of place and social identity. The research therefore concentrated on the approaches and teaching strategies used in the teaching of rural settlement in Venda secondary schools. This was achieved through a survey which involved geography teachers and pupils in the Thohoyandou inspection area. The place of rural settlement in the current geography curriculum was established through an analysis of the relevant syllabuses, textbooks and senior certificate examination papers. This analysis was primarily undertaken to illuminate the extent to which rural settlement geography in the South African curriculum complies with accepted criteria for relevance. The study revealed that the teaching of rural settlement in Venda is textbook-related and teacher- directed with no attempt to capitalise upon the pupils' experience of their rural environment. This was largely ascribed to the constraints of the syllabus and the demands of the examination system. When allied to the problems teachers have concerning syllabus development, the validity and relevance of this aspect of the syllabus is reduced. More importantly, because the local environment is not perceived as having value in the teaching of geography, the Venda pupils' perception of the value of their environment is diminished.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
'n Interdissiplinêre benadering tot die klasmusiekonderwys in Suid-Afrika
- Authors: Hendrikse, Salóme
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: School music -- Instruction and study -- South Africa Music -- Instruction and study -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2640 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002305
- Description: In hierdie tesis word 'n nuwe benadering tot klasmusiekonderwys in die R.S.A. bespreek. Die navorsing vervat in die tesis is vanaf 1984 tot 1992 gedoen. In 'n sekere sin verklaar die aanvangsdatum van die navorsing die feit dat die projek veral gerig is op die blanke onderwyssituasie aangesien die verskillende groepe se onderwysbelange volgens amptelike beleid grotendeels deur verskillende onderwysowerhede behartig is. Die blanke onderwysgerigtheid van die navorsingsontwerp ten spyt, is die uitgangspunte en die bevindings van die studie, veral ten opsigte van die rol en funksie van musiekopvoeding, sonder twyfel van toepassing op al die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskappe. In die opsig behoort die bevindings van die studie dus tot 'n groot mate ook die eise van musiekopvoeding veral vir 'n toekomsgerigte onderwys te kan ondervang juis omdat die vertrekpunt van die voorgestelde vemuwings en aanpassings in die musiekopvoeding die waardes en norme van gemeenskappe moet identiflseer en vertolk en terselfdertyd die beperkende effek daarvan moet teenwerk deur kulturele transenderings. Veral laasgenoemde is van groot belang in die multikulturele opset van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap waarin die musiekopvoeding juis 'n belangrike rol kan speel in die ontwikkeling van 'n onderlinge begrip en waardering tussen die verskillende kultuurgemeenskappe. In Afdeling A van die tesis word die huidige stand van klasmusiek bespreek en daar word op gewys dat, afgesien van 'n aantal sekondere faktore, die prirnere redes vir die nie-geslaagdheid van die vak, faktore soos die sillabusse, die opleiding van die onderwyser en die posisie van die vak in die kurrikulum is. Teenoor die huidige benadering van klasmusiek met al sy probleme word 'n ander benadering tot die onderwys in die a!gemeen en die klasmusiek in die besonder gestel, naamlik die interdissiplinere benadering met sy twee afdelings, naamlik die geesteswetenskappe en die kunstebenadering. Hierdie benaderings word bespreek soos wat dit in die V.SA. en Europa toegepas word, en daarna word 'n aangepaste benadering vir die R.S.A. ontwikkel ten opsigte van doelstellings,uitgangspunte, riglyne, metodiek en tegniek. In Afdeling B volg die empiriese navorsing wat ten opsigte van die interdissiplinere benadering in die R.S.A. gedoen is, en drie lesreekse, soos beplan vir Standerd 6 en 7; Standerd 8 en vir Standerd 9 en 10 word bespreek. As deel van elke lesreeks word die wordingstand van elke ouderdomsgroep bespreek en in gedagte gehou by die saamstel van hierdie lesreekse. Elke lesreeks bestaan uit 3-4 volledig uitgewerkte lesse wat insluit: hulpmiddels (kunsvoorbeelde, musiekvoorbeelde, gedigvoorbeelde ensomeer), beknopte aantekeninge vir die onderwyser, 'n bronnelys en 'n klankkasset met die nodige klankillustrasies soos waarna in die lesse verwys word. In Afdeling C word die resultate van 'n steekproef bespreek wat gedoen is in verskeie skole in die vier provinsies van die R.S.A. Met hierdie steekproef is beoog om die reaksies van leerlinge en onderwysers te toets ten opsigte van hierdie nuwe voorgestelde, en aangepaste interdissiplinêre benadering. Die lesreekse wat deel vorm van Afdeling B is as basis deur die onderwysers gebruik, maar hul was vry om eie idees te ontwikkel en te gebruik. Die reaksies van die leerlinge en die onderwysers word in die vorm van tabelle en besprekiogs aangedui, en aanbevelings van die leerlinge en die onderwysers word aangetoon. Die tesis word afgesluit met addendums tot die verskillende hoofstukke asook volledige bibliografiese besonderhede.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Hendrikse, Salóme
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: School music -- Instruction and study -- South Africa Music -- Instruction and study -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2640 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002305
- Description: In hierdie tesis word 'n nuwe benadering tot klasmusiekonderwys in die R.S.A. bespreek. Die navorsing vervat in die tesis is vanaf 1984 tot 1992 gedoen. In 'n sekere sin verklaar die aanvangsdatum van die navorsing die feit dat die projek veral gerig is op die blanke onderwyssituasie aangesien die verskillende groepe se onderwysbelange volgens amptelike beleid grotendeels deur verskillende onderwysowerhede behartig is. Die blanke onderwysgerigtheid van die navorsingsontwerp ten spyt, is die uitgangspunte en die bevindings van die studie, veral ten opsigte van die rol en funksie van musiekopvoeding, sonder twyfel van toepassing op al die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskappe. In die opsig behoort die bevindings van die studie dus tot 'n groot mate ook die eise van musiekopvoeding veral vir 'n toekomsgerigte onderwys te kan ondervang juis omdat die vertrekpunt van die voorgestelde vemuwings en aanpassings in die musiekopvoeding die waardes en norme van gemeenskappe moet identiflseer en vertolk en terselfdertyd die beperkende effek daarvan moet teenwerk deur kulturele transenderings. Veral laasgenoemde is van groot belang in die multikulturele opset van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap waarin die musiekopvoeding juis 'n belangrike rol kan speel in die ontwikkeling van 'n onderlinge begrip en waardering tussen die verskillende kultuurgemeenskappe. In Afdeling A van die tesis word die huidige stand van klasmusiek bespreek en daar word op gewys dat, afgesien van 'n aantal sekondere faktore, die prirnere redes vir die nie-geslaagdheid van die vak, faktore soos die sillabusse, die opleiding van die onderwyser en die posisie van die vak in die kurrikulum is. Teenoor die huidige benadering van klasmusiek met al sy probleme word 'n ander benadering tot die onderwys in die a!gemeen en die klasmusiek in die besonder gestel, naamlik die interdissiplinere benadering met sy twee afdelings, naamlik die geesteswetenskappe en die kunstebenadering. Hierdie benaderings word bespreek soos wat dit in die V.SA. en Europa toegepas word, en daarna word 'n aangepaste benadering vir die R.S.A. ontwikkel ten opsigte van doelstellings,uitgangspunte, riglyne, metodiek en tegniek. In Afdeling B volg die empiriese navorsing wat ten opsigte van die interdissiplinere benadering in die R.S.A. gedoen is, en drie lesreekse, soos beplan vir Standerd 6 en 7; Standerd 8 en vir Standerd 9 en 10 word bespreek. As deel van elke lesreeks word die wordingstand van elke ouderdomsgroep bespreek en in gedagte gehou by die saamstel van hierdie lesreekse. Elke lesreeks bestaan uit 3-4 volledig uitgewerkte lesse wat insluit: hulpmiddels (kunsvoorbeelde, musiekvoorbeelde, gedigvoorbeelde ensomeer), beknopte aantekeninge vir die onderwyser, 'n bronnelys en 'n klankkasset met die nodige klankillustrasies soos waarna in die lesse verwys word. In Afdeling C word die resultate van 'n steekproef bespreek wat gedoen is in verskeie skole in die vier provinsies van die R.S.A. Met hierdie steekproef is beoog om die reaksies van leerlinge en onderwysers te toets ten opsigte van hierdie nuwe voorgestelde, en aangepaste interdissiplinêre benadering. Die lesreekse wat deel vorm van Afdeling B is as basis deur die onderwysers gebruik, maar hul was vry om eie idees te ontwikkel en te gebruik. Die reaksies van die leerlinge en die onderwysers word in die vorm van tabelle en besprekiogs aangedui, en aanbevelings van die leerlinge en die onderwysers word aangetoon. Die tesis word afgesluit met addendums tot die verskillende hoofstukke asook volledige bibliografiese besonderhede.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
'n Perspektief op kommunikasie in 'n post-apartheidsera in Suid-Afrika met spesifieke verwysing na die rol van Afrikaans
- Van Rensburg, Nicolaas Gerhardus Lourens
- Authors: Van Rensburg, Nicolaas Gerhardus Lourens
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Afrikaans language South Africa Languages
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002099
- Description: Chapter One is an historical review of the rejection of colonial domination in various states in Africa, before the spotlight was directed at the relationships between the "white" and "black" inhabitants of South Africa. The numerous problems which arise out of this inter-relationship can best be ascribed to the identity crisis which "white" and "black" experience in a multi-lingual country. The South African society needs to normalise its relations with cultural and language groups by means of communication. Chapter Two reviews the historical background, linguistic characteristics, the use, functions and the distribution of the ten most important languages of which the South African community consists. The diversity of these languages generates and complicates the debate which currently prevails concerning a language policy for a future non-racial South Africa. The geographical, social, historical and cultural factors which are conducive and non-conducive to language distribution are high-lighted in Chapter Three. In a changing South Africa, where affirmative actions are being insisted on, it is expected that the current privileged position of Afrikaans will be placed under political pressure. A painful process of self-examination by Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaners - one of the major role-players in the current controversy concerning the continued existence and status of Afrikaans in a "postApartheid era" - has been precipitated. Chapter Four looks at how the "white", "coloured", "black" and "Indian" Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaners' mother tongue has evolved to its present status. The arguments for and against, viewpoints of, and pleas for the re-unification of Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaners to a larger single power base is emphasized. The possible future status and functions of Afrikaans insofar as its present status, functions and attitudes are concerned, are extrapolated in Chapter Five. The viewpoint concerning a possible scenario for the above-mentioned matters as expressed by a wide spectrum of South African society - academics, cultural groupings, political leaders, non-mother-tongue speakers of Afrikaans - is evaluated. A scenario of the possible role of Afrikaans in a "post-Apartheid era" in South Africa is sketched in Chapter 6. The conclusion is that the Western culture as understood by the black man, differs in more than one way from the perception of the white man. First and foremost, the acceptance of and respect for the languages and cultures of all fellow South Africans is the first step towards seeing all South Africans as being Africans. , Opsomming: Hoofstuk Een is 'n historiese oorsig van hoe die verwerping van koloniale oorheersing elders in Afrika diekontaken verhouding tussen die "wit" en "swart" inwoners van Suid-Afrika onder die soeklig geplaas het. Die talle probleme wat uit die kontaksituasie spruit, kan gereduseer word tot die identiteitskrisis wat "wit" en "swart" in 'n multitalige land beleef. Die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap het In dringende behoefte aan die normalisering van die verhoudings, vera! deur middel van kommunikasie, tussen die kulturele- en taleverskeidenheid. In Hoofstuk Twee word daar gekyk na die historiese agtergrond, linguistiese eienskappe, gebruik en funksies en die verspreiding van die tien vemaamste tale waaruit die Suid-Afrikaanse talegemeenskap bestaan. Die diversiteit van tale genereer en kompliseer die debat wat tans oor 'n taalbeleid vir 'n toekomstige nierassige Suid-Afrika gevoer word. Die geografiese, sosiale, historiese en kulturele faktore wat taalverspreiding bevorderof teenwerk, word in Hoofstuk Drie belig. In 'n veranderende Suid-Afrika, waar op regstellende aksies aangedring word, kan daar verwag word dat Afrikaans as gevolg van sy bevoorregte posisie onder politieke druk geplaas sal word. Vir die Afrikaanssprekende Afrikaners, as een van die hoofrolspelers in die polemiek oor die voortbestaan en status van Afrikaans in 'n "post-Apartheidsera", het dit 'n pynlike proses van selfondersoek gebring. In Hoofstuk Vier word daar gekyk hoe die "blanke", "anderskleurige", "swart" en "Asiatiese" Afrikaanssprekende Afrikaner sy moedertaal tot op hede ervaar het. Die argumente vir en teen, sienings van, en pleidooie vir 'n hereniging van Afrikaanssprekende Afrikaners tot 'n groter mags basis word belig. Die moontlike toekomstige status en funksies van Afrikaans word in Hoofstuk Vyfvanuit die huidige status, funksies en houdings geprojekteer. Die standpunte oor bogenoemde sake word vanuit 'n wye spektmm van akademici, kultuurgroeperinge, politieke leiers sowel as niemoedertaal-sprekers van Afrikaans van die talegemeenskap van die RSA op 'n moontlike scenario gefokus. ii 'n Scenario -oefening van die moontlike rol van Afrikaans in 'n "post-Apartheidsera" in Suid-Afrika word in Hoofstuk Ses geskets. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking geraak. dat die Westerse kultuur, soos verinnerlik deur die swart man, in belangrike opsigte van die van die wit man verskil. Daarom is die aanvaarding van en respek vir aIle Afrikane as mede-Suid-Afrikaners die eerste stap om te verseker dat die Afrikaanssprekende Afrikaners se taal en kultuur gerespekteer sal word.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Van Rensburg, Nicolaas Gerhardus Lourens
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Afrikaans language South Africa Languages
- Language: Afrikaans
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:3575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002099
- Description: Chapter One is an historical review of the rejection of colonial domination in various states in Africa, before the spotlight was directed at the relationships between the "white" and "black" inhabitants of South Africa. The numerous problems which arise out of this inter-relationship can best be ascribed to the identity crisis which "white" and "black" experience in a multi-lingual country. The South African society needs to normalise its relations with cultural and language groups by means of communication. Chapter Two reviews the historical background, linguistic characteristics, the use, functions and the distribution of the ten most important languages of which the South African community consists. The diversity of these languages generates and complicates the debate which currently prevails concerning a language policy for a future non-racial South Africa. The geographical, social, historical and cultural factors which are conducive and non-conducive to language distribution are high-lighted in Chapter Three. In a changing South Africa, where affirmative actions are being insisted on, it is expected that the current privileged position of Afrikaans will be placed under political pressure. A painful process of self-examination by Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaners - one of the major role-players in the current controversy concerning the continued existence and status of Afrikaans in a "postApartheid era" - has been precipitated. Chapter Four looks at how the "white", "coloured", "black" and "Indian" Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaners' mother tongue has evolved to its present status. The arguments for and against, viewpoints of, and pleas for the re-unification of Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaners to a larger single power base is emphasized. The possible future status and functions of Afrikaans insofar as its present status, functions and attitudes are concerned, are extrapolated in Chapter Five. The viewpoint concerning a possible scenario for the above-mentioned matters as expressed by a wide spectrum of South African society - academics, cultural groupings, political leaders, non-mother-tongue speakers of Afrikaans - is evaluated. A scenario of the possible role of Afrikaans in a "post-Apartheid era" in South Africa is sketched in Chapter 6. The conclusion is that the Western culture as understood by the black man, differs in more than one way from the perception of the white man. First and foremost, the acceptance of and respect for the languages and cultures of all fellow South Africans is the first step towards seeing all South Africans as being Africans. , Opsomming: Hoofstuk Een is 'n historiese oorsig van hoe die verwerping van koloniale oorheersing elders in Afrika diekontaken verhouding tussen die "wit" en "swart" inwoners van Suid-Afrika onder die soeklig geplaas het. Die talle probleme wat uit die kontaksituasie spruit, kan gereduseer word tot die identiteitskrisis wat "wit" en "swart" in 'n multitalige land beleef. Die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap het In dringende behoefte aan die normalisering van die verhoudings, vera! deur middel van kommunikasie, tussen die kulturele- en taleverskeidenheid. In Hoofstuk Twee word daar gekyk na die historiese agtergrond, linguistiese eienskappe, gebruik en funksies en die verspreiding van die tien vemaamste tale waaruit die Suid-Afrikaanse talegemeenskap bestaan. Die diversiteit van tale genereer en kompliseer die debat wat tans oor 'n taalbeleid vir 'n toekomstige nierassige Suid-Afrika gevoer word. Die geografiese, sosiale, historiese en kulturele faktore wat taalverspreiding bevorderof teenwerk, word in Hoofstuk Drie belig. In 'n veranderende Suid-Afrika, waar op regstellende aksies aangedring word, kan daar verwag word dat Afrikaans as gevolg van sy bevoorregte posisie onder politieke druk geplaas sal word. Vir die Afrikaanssprekende Afrikaners, as een van die hoofrolspelers in die polemiek oor die voortbestaan en status van Afrikaans in 'n "post-Apartheidsera", het dit 'n pynlike proses van selfondersoek gebring. In Hoofstuk Vier word daar gekyk hoe die "blanke", "anderskleurige", "swart" en "Asiatiese" Afrikaanssprekende Afrikaner sy moedertaal tot op hede ervaar het. Die argumente vir en teen, sienings van, en pleidooie vir 'n hereniging van Afrikaanssprekende Afrikaners tot 'n groter mags basis word belig. Die moontlike toekomstige status en funksies van Afrikaans word in Hoofstuk Vyfvanuit die huidige status, funksies en houdings geprojekteer. Die standpunte oor bogenoemde sake word vanuit 'n wye spektmm van akademici, kultuurgroeperinge, politieke leiers sowel as niemoedertaal-sprekers van Afrikaans van die talegemeenskap van die RSA op 'n moontlike scenario gefokus. ii 'n Scenario -oefening van die moontlike rol van Afrikaans in 'n "post-Apartheidsera" in Suid-Afrika word in Hoofstuk Ses geskets. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking geraak. dat die Westerse kultuur, soos verinnerlik deur die swart man, in belangrike opsigte van die van die wit man verskil. Daarom is die aanvaarding van en respek vir aIle Afrikane as mede-Suid-Afrikaners die eerste stap om te verseker dat die Afrikaanssprekende Afrikaners se taal en kultuur gerespekteer sal word.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
4th National Congress July 1993
- NUMSA
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: July 1993
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112523 , vital:33603
- Description: Our National Congress is the highest decision making body of the Union. Its main task is to adopt resolutions that become the policies of NUMSA. These policies guide the union on how to act until the next Congress. After previous Congresses, we have only published the adopted resolutions. But this has meant that our members have lost out on the lively debates that have taken place during the Congress. In this booklet, we try and bring the Congress alive for you. We give you the full text of the General Secretary’s report, the debates as they took place, word for word. What was decided on the Alliance? Why do we want “nationalisation without compensation”? What was the decision on the Working Class Party? The final resolutions that were adopted are there for you to see. Extracts from speeches of various speakers are also given. Two key issues - the contents of the Reconstruction Accord and Restructuring Industry - will continue to be discussed in the Union. (The documents are included; see pages 65-82) Congress mandated the next Central Committee in October 1993 to take decisions on these issues. Use the booklet to find out for yourself what was said. You will be able to see what were the reasons given for the different positions. This will help you explain to members why NUMSA has adopted these resolutions. You will also see how democracy takes place. In some cases, compromises were reached, in other cases there was no compromise and the motion had to be put to the vote. Comrades, as our new President, Cde Tom, said in the Congress. “Our primary duty is to serve the interests of our members and those who have elected us to represent them It is therefore necessary for us to be accountable to them in shaping the policies of the union. Most of the time we do not consult our members when we debate issues - even on minor issues we leave them behind It is very dangerous for us to create a distance between ourselves and our members. The members must not follow but must be there with us. We must remember our base is the factory floor." Use this booklet as a tool to get rid of that distance between you and the members. Use it to help you understand the positions that NUMSA has adopted as its policies. The General Secretary’s Report also gives a full picture of how NUMSA functions and gives useful background information to many of the discussions. The Tables mentioned are at the back of the book; see page 83 to the end. In this first section the debates and the speeches have been put into shaded boxes so it is easier for you to read. Use the booklet to build, strengthen and consolidate our Union in these difficult times.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: July 1993
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: July 1993
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/112523 , vital:33603
- Description: Our National Congress is the highest decision making body of the Union. Its main task is to adopt resolutions that become the policies of NUMSA. These policies guide the union on how to act until the next Congress. After previous Congresses, we have only published the adopted resolutions. But this has meant that our members have lost out on the lively debates that have taken place during the Congress. In this booklet, we try and bring the Congress alive for you. We give you the full text of the General Secretary’s report, the debates as they took place, word for word. What was decided on the Alliance? Why do we want “nationalisation without compensation”? What was the decision on the Working Class Party? The final resolutions that were adopted are there for you to see. Extracts from speeches of various speakers are also given. Two key issues - the contents of the Reconstruction Accord and Restructuring Industry - will continue to be discussed in the Union. (The documents are included; see pages 65-82) Congress mandated the next Central Committee in October 1993 to take decisions on these issues. Use the booklet to find out for yourself what was said. You will be able to see what were the reasons given for the different positions. This will help you explain to members why NUMSA has adopted these resolutions. You will also see how democracy takes place. In some cases, compromises were reached, in other cases there was no compromise and the motion had to be put to the vote. Comrades, as our new President, Cde Tom, said in the Congress. “Our primary duty is to serve the interests of our members and those who have elected us to represent them It is therefore necessary for us to be accountable to them in shaping the policies of the union. Most of the time we do not consult our members when we debate issues - even on minor issues we leave them behind It is very dangerous for us to create a distance between ourselves and our members. The members must not follow but must be there with us. We must remember our base is the factory floor." Use this booklet as a tool to get rid of that distance between you and the members. Use it to help you understand the positions that NUMSA has adopted as its policies. The General Secretary’s Report also gives a full picture of how NUMSA functions and gives useful background information to many of the discussions. The Tables mentioned are at the back of the book; see page 83 to the end. In this first section the debates and the speeches have been put into shaded boxes so it is easier for you to read. Use the booklet to build, strengthen and consolidate our Union in these difficult times.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: July 1993
4th National Congress Resolutions
- NUMSA
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175582 , vital:42595
- Description: Our National Congress is the highest decision making body of the Union. Its main task is to adopt resolutions that become the policies of NUMSA. These policies guide the union on how to act until the next Congress. After previous Congresses, we have only published the adopted resolutions. But this has meant that our members have lost out on the lively debates that have taken place during the Congress. In this booklet, we try and bring the Congress alive for you. We give you the full text of the General Secretary’s report, the debates as they took place, word for word. What was decided on the Alliance? Why do we want “nationalisation without compensation”? What was the decision on the Working Class Party? The final resolutions that were adopted are there for you to see. Extracts from speeches of various speakers are also given. Two key issues - the contents of the Reconstruction Accord and Restructuring Industry - will continue to be discussed in the Union. (The documents are included; see pages 65-82) Congress mandated the next Central Committee in October 1993 to take decisions on these issues. Use the booklet to find out for yourself what was said. You will be able to see what were the reasons given for the different positions. This will help you explain to members why NUMSA has adopted these resolutions. You will also see how democracy takes place. In some cases, compromises were reached, in other cases there was no compromise and the motion had to be put to the vote. Comrades, as our new President, Cde Tom, said in the Congress - “Our primary duty is to serve the interests of our members and those who have elected us to represent them. It is therefore necessary for us to be accountable to them in shaping the policies of the union. Most of the time we do not consult our members when we debate issues - even on minor issues we leave them behind It is very dangerous for us to create a distance between ourselves and our members. The members must not follow but must be there with us. We must remember our base is the factory floor.’ Use this booklet as a tool to get rid of that distance between you and the members. Use it to help you understand the positions that NUMSA has adopted as its policies. The General Secretary’s Report also gives a full picture of how NUMSA functions and gives useful background information to many of the discussions. The Tables mentioned are at the back of the book; see page 83 to the end. In this first section the debates and the speeches have been put into shaded boxes so it is easier for you to read. Use the booklet to build, strengthen and consolidate our Union in these difficult times.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175582 , vital:42595
- Description: Our National Congress is the highest decision making body of the Union. Its main task is to adopt resolutions that become the policies of NUMSA. These policies guide the union on how to act until the next Congress. After previous Congresses, we have only published the adopted resolutions. But this has meant that our members have lost out on the lively debates that have taken place during the Congress. In this booklet, we try and bring the Congress alive for you. We give you the full text of the General Secretary’s report, the debates as they took place, word for word. What was decided on the Alliance? Why do we want “nationalisation without compensation”? What was the decision on the Working Class Party? The final resolutions that were adopted are there for you to see. Extracts from speeches of various speakers are also given. Two key issues - the contents of the Reconstruction Accord and Restructuring Industry - will continue to be discussed in the Union. (The documents are included; see pages 65-82) Congress mandated the next Central Committee in October 1993 to take decisions on these issues. Use the booklet to find out for yourself what was said. You will be able to see what were the reasons given for the different positions. This will help you explain to members why NUMSA has adopted these resolutions. You will also see how democracy takes place. In some cases, compromises were reached, in other cases there was no compromise and the motion had to be put to the vote. Comrades, as our new President, Cde Tom, said in the Congress - “Our primary duty is to serve the interests of our members and those who have elected us to represent them. It is therefore necessary for us to be accountable to them in shaping the policies of the union. Most of the time we do not consult our members when we debate issues - even on minor issues we leave them behind It is very dangerous for us to create a distance between ourselves and our members. The members must not follow but must be there with us. We must remember our base is the factory floor.’ Use this booklet as a tool to get rid of that distance between you and the members. Use it to help you understand the positions that NUMSA has adopted as its policies. The General Secretary’s Report also gives a full picture of how NUMSA functions and gives useful background information to many of the discussions. The Tables mentioned are at the back of the book; see page 83 to the end. In this first section the debates and the speeches have been put into shaded boxes so it is easier for you to read. Use the booklet to build, strengthen and consolidate our Union in these difficult times.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
6th National Congress Resolutions
- Paper, Printing, Wood and Allied Workers' Union (PPWAWU)
- Authors: Paper, Printing, Wood and Allied Workers' Union (PPWAWU)
- Date: Oct 1993
- Subjects: PPWAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134779 , vital:37204
- Description: Congress understood well what Cde Nqakula was saying and how important it is to mobilise all our forces to come in with a huge ANC majority in the elections. Delegates made sure through a strong resolution on elections that PPWAWU will play its part: the union will send a fulltime PPWAWU person to COSATU for voter education. This person is Sipho Kubheka and he is already at COSATU head office. One shopsteward from each region will also be released to assist COSATU. Branches must run voter education workshops at once with the education co-ordinator's help. Shopstewards must get time off to train as voter educators, and all workers must give R1 towards voter education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Oct 1993
- Authors: Paper, Printing, Wood and Allied Workers' Union (PPWAWU)
- Date: Oct 1993
- Subjects: PPWAWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134779 , vital:37204
- Description: Congress understood well what Cde Nqakula was saying and how important it is to mobilise all our forces to come in with a huge ANC majority in the elections. Delegates made sure through a strong resolution on elections that PPWAWU will play its part: the union will send a fulltime PPWAWU person to COSATU for voter education. This person is Sipho Kubheka and he is already at COSATU head office. One shopsteward from each region will also be released to assist COSATU. Branches must run voter education workshops at once with the education co-ordinator's help. Shopstewards must get time off to train as voter educators, and all workers must give R1 towards voter education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: Oct 1993
A comparative study of the life histories of the sister species, Pseudobarbus afer and Pseudobarbus asper, in the Gamtoos River system, South Africa
- Authors: Cambray, James Alfred
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Barbus -- Life cycles , Barbus -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Gamtoos River , Cyprinidae -- Life cycles , Cyprinidae -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Gamtoos River , Minnows -- Life cycles , Minnows -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Gamtoos River
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5375 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015730
- Description: This thesis explores the biology, ecology, and life-history styles of two closely-related redfin minnows, Pseudobarbus afer and P. asper (pisces; Cyprinidae), which both occur in the Gamtoos River system of South Africa. Five of the seven species of flexible-rayed redfin minnows are in the South African Red Data Book - Fishes. This investigation was designed to provide the data which would enable conservation authorities to manage the remaining populations of the Pseudobarbus species. A thorough understanding of the Gamtoos River system was necessary to properly interpret the findings of this study. The palaeo river systems and the changing climates since the break-up of Gondwanaland are discussed so that the present day environments could be considered as well as the past environmental changes. P. afer and P. asper occur in the Gamtoos River system with no physical barrier separating the two species. P. afer only occurs in the clear mountain streams of the Cape Fold Mountain Belt whereas P. asper occurs in the highly saline and turbid Karoo section of the system. P. afer were found to be the more precocial form of the sister species. They had bigger eggs, lower relative fecundity, shorter breeding season, lower gonadosomatic indices, larger first feeding larval fish, matured later and had a longer life-span than did P. asper, which had more altricial life-history attributes. They differ in their tradeoffs with P. asper devoting more resources earlier to reproduction and having a shorter lifespan. The improvement in the one aspect of fitness (early maturity) leads to the deterioration in another, namely lifespan. Both species undertake breeding migrations to riffle areas where they spawn in mid-channel immediately above a pool after an increase in water flow. P. afer and P. asper are non-guarders of their non-adhesive eggs and young, open substrate spawners on coarse substrates (rocks) and have photophobic free embryos. The breeding season is shorter for P. afer whereas P. asper can spawn as late as April and impoundment releases can induce them to spawn. A study of comparative neuroecology revealed that of the four groups of fish analyzed (males and females of both species) male P. afer had the largest brains, especially the optic lobes and cerebellum. P. asper females had the smallest brains. No neural compensation in the external gustatory centre, the facial lobe, was found for P. asper inhabiting the turbid waters. P. afer also had significantly larger eyes and longer barbels. P. afer males were also found to have the highest density and largest nuptial tubercles as well as the most pronounced breeding colouration. It was concluded that P. asper is the more derived of the sister species pair with regard to life-history attributes. It is further suggested that investment per offspring is important in determining the life-history trajectories. Paedomorphosis has occurred and by this mechanism variability has been restored to the redfin minnows in the Groot River which enables them to survive in the highly variable, intermittent Karoo stream. The more precocial P. afer do not require this variability in the more constant and predictable environment of the Wit River.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Cambray, James Alfred
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Barbus -- Life cycles , Barbus -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Gamtoos River , Cyprinidae -- Life cycles , Cyprinidae -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Gamtoos River , Minnows -- Life cycles , Minnows -- Ecology -- South Africa -- Gamtoos River
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5375 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015730
- Description: This thesis explores the biology, ecology, and life-history styles of two closely-related redfin minnows, Pseudobarbus afer and P. asper (pisces; Cyprinidae), which both occur in the Gamtoos River system of South Africa. Five of the seven species of flexible-rayed redfin minnows are in the South African Red Data Book - Fishes. This investigation was designed to provide the data which would enable conservation authorities to manage the remaining populations of the Pseudobarbus species. A thorough understanding of the Gamtoos River system was necessary to properly interpret the findings of this study. The palaeo river systems and the changing climates since the break-up of Gondwanaland are discussed so that the present day environments could be considered as well as the past environmental changes. P. afer and P. asper occur in the Gamtoos River system with no physical barrier separating the two species. P. afer only occurs in the clear mountain streams of the Cape Fold Mountain Belt whereas P. asper occurs in the highly saline and turbid Karoo section of the system. P. afer were found to be the more precocial form of the sister species. They had bigger eggs, lower relative fecundity, shorter breeding season, lower gonadosomatic indices, larger first feeding larval fish, matured later and had a longer life-span than did P. asper, which had more altricial life-history attributes. They differ in their tradeoffs with P. asper devoting more resources earlier to reproduction and having a shorter lifespan. The improvement in the one aspect of fitness (early maturity) leads to the deterioration in another, namely lifespan. Both species undertake breeding migrations to riffle areas where they spawn in mid-channel immediately above a pool after an increase in water flow. P. afer and P. asper are non-guarders of their non-adhesive eggs and young, open substrate spawners on coarse substrates (rocks) and have photophobic free embryos. The breeding season is shorter for P. afer whereas P. asper can spawn as late as April and impoundment releases can induce them to spawn. A study of comparative neuroecology revealed that of the four groups of fish analyzed (males and females of both species) male P. afer had the largest brains, especially the optic lobes and cerebellum. P. asper females had the smallest brains. No neural compensation in the external gustatory centre, the facial lobe, was found for P. asper inhabiting the turbid waters. P. afer also had significantly larger eyes and longer barbels. P. afer males were also found to have the highest density and largest nuptial tubercles as well as the most pronounced breeding colouration. It was concluded that P. asper is the more derived of the sister species pair with regard to life-history attributes. It is further suggested that investment per offspring is important in determining the life-history trajectories. Paedomorphosis has occurred and by this mechanism variability has been restored to the redfin minnows in the Groot River which enables them to survive in the highly variable, intermittent Karoo stream. The more precocial P. afer do not require this variability in the more constant and predictable environment of the Wit River.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
A critical analysis of the examining of poetry in the English First Language Higher Grade course at senior secondary level in Cape Education Department schools
- Authors: Clarke, Linda Colleen
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Examinations -- South Africa -- Evaluation English poetry -- Examinations English poetry -- Study and teaching (Secondary -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1473 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003354
- Description: The study of poetry has become entrenched in most secondary school English syllabuses, including the English First Language Higher Grade syllabus of the Cape Education Department. This acceptance of poetry as a part of the formal academic programme has, however, been accompanied by a demand that could be considered contrary to the spirit of poetry: that an examination should conclude the study. The problem is exacerbated if this examination is set and controlled by an external body, since the nature and objectives of a standardised, mass examination frequently conflict sharply with the aims of studying poetry. The implications of such control over the examining of poetry go beyond this, however. These include the defining and narrowing of the course of study by means of lists of prescribed poems selected by a committee often far removed from the world of the candidates and the significant combined effect of these lists and the style of questioning adopted by the external examiners on methods of teaching. Furthermore, the influence of the external examination is not restricted to the final year of study; the approach to poetry during the entire senior secondary course (of three years) tends to conform to the pattern laid down by the final examination paper. This domination of the external examination over the study of poetry is acknowledged but not condoned. There is undoubtedly a need for further research into alternative ways of assessing a poetry course. In the face of reality, however, this study seeks to identify and analyse the many features of external control that influence the study of poetry; and to consider ways in which examinations in poetry can be devised, approached and used to the best effect in order to fulfil the aims of studying poetry. The most important of these aims are held to be the pleasure and enjoyment of personal engagement with a poem, where there is a meeting of minds, a generation and deepening of emotion and feeling, extension of awareness and stimulation of imagination.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Clarke, Linda Colleen
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Examinations -- South Africa -- Evaluation English poetry -- Examinations English poetry -- Study and teaching (Secondary -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1473 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003354
- Description: The study of poetry has become entrenched in most secondary school English syllabuses, including the English First Language Higher Grade syllabus of the Cape Education Department. This acceptance of poetry as a part of the formal academic programme has, however, been accompanied by a demand that could be considered contrary to the spirit of poetry: that an examination should conclude the study. The problem is exacerbated if this examination is set and controlled by an external body, since the nature and objectives of a standardised, mass examination frequently conflict sharply with the aims of studying poetry. The implications of such control over the examining of poetry go beyond this, however. These include the defining and narrowing of the course of study by means of lists of prescribed poems selected by a committee often far removed from the world of the candidates and the significant combined effect of these lists and the style of questioning adopted by the external examiners on methods of teaching. Furthermore, the influence of the external examination is not restricted to the final year of study; the approach to poetry during the entire senior secondary course (of three years) tends to conform to the pattern laid down by the final examination paper. This domination of the external examination over the study of poetry is acknowledged but not condoned. There is undoubtedly a need for further research into alternative ways of assessing a poetry course. In the face of reality, however, this study seeks to identify and analyse the many features of external control that influence the study of poetry; and to consider ways in which examinations in poetry can be devised, approached and used to the best effect in order to fulfil the aims of studying poetry. The most important of these aims are held to be the pleasure and enjoyment of personal engagement with a poem, where there is a meeting of minds, a generation and deepening of emotion and feeling, extension of awareness and stimulation of imagination.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1993
A critical investigation of selected Cape and Transkei environment study programmes in junior primary schools
- Authors: Vinjwa, Nobuzwe
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Environmental education -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa Environmental education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1482 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003363
- Description: The introduction of Environment Study (ES) into the Junior Primary (JP) phase of the school was to facilitate the young learners' development of a sense of place, time and social identity. ES is important in the JP phase because it introduces pupils to the world around them and the environmental issues that affect their lives. ES in the JP phase can also provide pupils with the basic knowledge for survival in a changing world. ES in the JP phase is primarily designed to aid the pupils' development of a sense of identity. As with geography, it is concerned with space, place and time; and these are the criteria that should be taken into consideration in developing the child's sense of identity. Implementation of ES is largely influenced by the expertise and experience of the teachers, which will, in turn, influence their interpretation of the ES syllabus. The goals of ES require teachers to be able to use a variety of teaching strategies and to develop and use a variety of teaching resources. This study investigates existing ES programmes in a number of selected schools in the Cape, DET and Transkei in order to establish the extent to which pupils' developing sense of time, place and social identity are taken into consideration. Observations and interviews were conducted to assess the current ES syllabi for the Cape, DET and Transkei schools in relation to Catling's (1987) criteria; and to evaluate existing ES programmes in the six selected schools in the Grahamstown, Umtata and Mqanduli districts to ascertain the extent to which they met Catling's criteria. The results reveal that in all the Education Departments' syllabi, pupils' needs to developing a sense of time, place and social identity, as suggested by Catling's (1987) criteria, were considered only to a limited extent. Even in the syllabi where these were developed, it was by mere coincidence. Secondly, the programmes in the different schools observed did not meet Catling's criteria sufficiently, because the teachers were ignorant of Catling's criteria. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made for teachers' awareness of Catling's criteria to be promoted, so that teachers can apply these in their teaching of ES; and for both Cape and Transkei ES programmes in the JP phase to be revised.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Vinjwa, Nobuzwe
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Environmental education -- Study and teaching (Elementary) -- South Africa Environmental education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1482 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003363
- Description: The introduction of Environment Study (ES) into the Junior Primary (JP) phase of the school was to facilitate the young learners' development of a sense of place, time and social identity. ES is important in the JP phase because it introduces pupils to the world around them and the environmental issues that affect their lives. ES in the JP phase can also provide pupils with the basic knowledge for survival in a changing world. ES in the JP phase is primarily designed to aid the pupils' development of a sense of identity. As with geography, it is concerned with space, place and time; and these are the criteria that should be taken into consideration in developing the child's sense of identity. Implementation of ES is largely influenced by the expertise and experience of the teachers, which will, in turn, influence their interpretation of the ES syllabus. The goals of ES require teachers to be able to use a variety of teaching strategies and to develop and use a variety of teaching resources. This study investigates existing ES programmes in a number of selected schools in the Cape, DET and Transkei in order to establish the extent to which pupils' developing sense of time, place and social identity are taken into consideration. Observations and interviews were conducted to assess the current ES syllabi for the Cape, DET and Transkei schools in relation to Catling's (1987) criteria; and to evaluate existing ES programmes in the six selected schools in the Grahamstown, Umtata and Mqanduli districts to ascertain the extent to which they met Catling's criteria. The results reveal that in all the Education Departments' syllabi, pupils' needs to developing a sense of time, place and social identity, as suggested by Catling's (1987) criteria, were considered only to a limited extent. Even in the syllabi where these were developed, it was by mere coincidence. Secondly, the programmes in the different schools observed did not meet Catling's criteria sufficiently, because the teachers were ignorant of Catling's criteria. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations made for teachers' awareness of Catling's criteria to be promoted, so that teachers can apply these in their teaching of ES; and for both Cape and Transkei ES programmes in the JP phase to be revised.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
A distributed Linda server on a network of heterogeneous processors
- Authors: Smith, Graham Leslie
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: LINDA (Computer system) , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4610 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004890 , LINDA (Computer system) , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Description: Linda is an approach to parallelism which relies on a virtual associative shared memory called tuple space. Tuple space is accessed through a small set of primitive operations and is conceptually easy to understand and manipulate. The physical implementation of a Linda tuple space may of course be completely different from the conceptual model. Rhodes has implemented versions of Linda on a ring of RS-232 joined PC's and on a cluster of T800 transputers with a single copy of tuple space on one transputer. Current research targets the implementation of a distributed Linda server on a network of heterogeneous processors. This work describes the design and implementation of a distributed Linda server. Emphasis is placed on aspects of the design which enhance portability and efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Smith, Graham Leslie
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: LINDA (Computer system) , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4610 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004890 , LINDA (Computer system) , Parallel programming (Computer science)
- Description: Linda is an approach to parallelism which relies on a virtual associative shared memory called tuple space. Tuple space is accessed through a small set of primitive operations and is conceptually easy to understand and manipulate. The physical implementation of a Linda tuple space may of course be completely different from the conceptual model. Rhodes has implemented versions of Linda on a ring of RS-232 joined PC's and on a cluster of T800 transputers with a single copy of tuple space on one transputer. Current research targets the implementation of a distributed Linda server on a network of heterogeneous processors. This work describes the design and implementation of a distributed Linda server. Emphasis is placed on aspects of the design which enhance portability and efficiency.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
A hermeneutical study of the Midrashic influences of biblical literature on the narrative modes, aesthetics, and ethical concerns in the novels of George Eliot
- Authors: Law-Viljoen, Bronwyn
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Eliot, George, 1819-1880 -- Criticism and interpretation Eliot, George, 1819-1880 -- Language Eliot, George, 1819-1880 - Style Eliot, George, 1819-1880. Daniel Deronda Eliot, George, 1819-1880. Felix Holt Eliot, George, 1819-1880. Adam Bede Eliot, George, 1819-1880. Mill on the Floss Midrash -- History and criticism Midrash -- Hermeneutics Prophecy in literature Judaism in literature Jews in literature Symbolism in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2236 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002279
- Description: The thesis will examine the influence of Biblical literature on some of the novels of George Eliot. In doing so it will consider the following aspects of Eliot criticism: current theoretical debate about the use of midrash; modes of discourse and narrative style; prophetic language and vision; the influence of Judaism and Jewish exegetical methods on Adam Bede, "The Lifted Veil", The Mill on the Floss, Felix Holt, and Daniel Deronda. Literary critics have, for a long time, been interested in the influence of the Bible and Biblical hermeneutics on literature and the extent to which Biblical narratives and themes are used typologically and allegorically in fiction has been well researched. In this regard, the concept of midrash is not a new one in literary theory. It refers both to a genre of writing and to an ancient Rabbinic method of exegesis. It has, however, been given new meaning by literary critics and theoriticians such as Frank Kermode, Harold Bloom, and Jacques Derrida. In The Genesis of Secrecy, Kermode gives a new nuance to the word and demonstrates how it may be used to read not only Biblical stories but secular literature as well. It is an innovative, self-reflexive, and intricate hermeneutic processs which has been used by scholars such as Geoffrey Hartman and Sanford Budick, editors of Midrash and Literature, a seminal work in this thesis. Eliot's interest in Judaism and her fascination with religion, religious writing, and religious characters are closely connected to her understanding of the novelist's role as an interpreter of stories. In this regard, the prophetic figure as poet, seer, and interpreter of the past, present, and future of society is of special significance. The thesis will investigate Eliot's reinterpretation of this important Biblical type as well as her retelling of Biblical stories. It will attempt to establish the extent to which Eliot's work may be called midrash, and enter the current debate on how and why literary works have been and can be interpreted. It will address the questions of why Eliot, who abjures normative religious faith, has such a profound interest in the Bible, how the Bible serves her creative purposes, why she is interested in Judaism, and to what extent the latter informs and permeates her novels.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Law-Viljoen, Bronwyn
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Eliot, George, 1819-1880 -- Criticism and interpretation Eliot, George, 1819-1880 -- Language Eliot, George, 1819-1880 - Style Eliot, George, 1819-1880. Daniel Deronda Eliot, George, 1819-1880. Felix Holt Eliot, George, 1819-1880. Adam Bede Eliot, George, 1819-1880. Mill on the Floss Midrash -- History and criticism Midrash -- Hermeneutics Prophecy in literature Judaism in literature Jews in literature Symbolism in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2236 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002279
- Description: The thesis will examine the influence of Biblical literature on some of the novels of George Eliot. In doing so it will consider the following aspects of Eliot criticism: current theoretical debate about the use of midrash; modes of discourse and narrative style; prophetic language and vision; the influence of Judaism and Jewish exegetical methods on Adam Bede, "The Lifted Veil", The Mill on the Floss, Felix Holt, and Daniel Deronda. Literary critics have, for a long time, been interested in the influence of the Bible and Biblical hermeneutics on literature and the extent to which Biblical narratives and themes are used typologically and allegorically in fiction has been well researched. In this regard, the concept of midrash is not a new one in literary theory. It refers both to a genre of writing and to an ancient Rabbinic method of exegesis. It has, however, been given new meaning by literary critics and theoriticians such as Frank Kermode, Harold Bloom, and Jacques Derrida. In The Genesis of Secrecy, Kermode gives a new nuance to the word and demonstrates how it may be used to read not only Biblical stories but secular literature as well. It is an innovative, self-reflexive, and intricate hermeneutic processs which has been used by scholars such as Geoffrey Hartman and Sanford Budick, editors of Midrash and Literature, a seminal work in this thesis. Eliot's interest in Judaism and her fascination with religion, religious writing, and religious characters are closely connected to her understanding of the novelist's role as an interpreter of stories. In this regard, the prophetic figure as poet, seer, and interpreter of the past, present, and future of society is of special significance. The thesis will investigate Eliot's reinterpretation of this important Biblical type as well as her retelling of Biblical stories. It will attempt to establish the extent to which Eliot's work may be called midrash, and enter the current debate on how and why literary works have been and can be interpreted. It will address the questions of why Eliot, who abjures normative religious faith, has such a profound interest in the Bible, how the Bible serves her creative purposes, why she is interested in Judaism, and to what extent the latter informs and permeates her novels.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
A history of Grahamstown, 1918-1945
- Torlesse, Ann Catherine Marjorie
- Authors: Torlesse, Ann Catherine Marjorie
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) -- History , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2565 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002418 , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- History , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Description: This study in local history describes socio-economic developments in Grahamstown between 1918 - 1945, and analyses the extent to which these developments mirrored trends in the macrocosm. During these years the city failed to become ndustrialised, but enhanced her reputation as an eminent educational centre. Despite being financially handicapped, the City Council undertook large public works schemes for the provision of essential services, such as electricity and an adequate supply of water. In addition a water-borne sewerage scheme was introduced, and roads were repaired and tarred. The influx of a large number of poor rural Blacks into the urban area placed a considerable strain on the city's health services, and housing projects had to be implemented. Local political affiliations and race relations are examined against the background of national developments, especially the growing entrenchment by the State of the policy of segregation. Attention is also devoted to the impact upon the community of international political crises. The cultural and sporting pursuits, as well as the entertainments enjoyed by Grahamstonians, are investigated; and a picture of the local "mentalite" is presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Torlesse, Ann Catherine Marjorie
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Grahamstown (South Africa) -- History , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2565 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002418 , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- History , Grahamstown (South Africa) -- Economic conditions
- Description: This study in local history describes socio-economic developments in Grahamstown between 1918 - 1945, and analyses the extent to which these developments mirrored trends in the macrocosm. During these years the city failed to become ndustrialised, but enhanced her reputation as an eminent educational centre. Despite being financially handicapped, the City Council undertook large public works schemes for the provision of essential services, such as electricity and an adequate supply of water. In addition a water-borne sewerage scheme was introduced, and roads were repaired and tarred. The influx of a large number of poor rural Blacks into the urban area placed a considerable strain on the city's health services, and housing projects had to be implemented. Local political affiliations and race relations are examined against the background of national developments, especially the growing entrenchment by the State of the policy of segregation. Attention is also devoted to the impact upon the community of international political crises. The cultural and sporting pursuits, as well as the entertainments enjoyed by Grahamstonians, are investigated; and a picture of the local "mentalite" is presented.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
A new approach to the Zulu land tenure system: an historical anthropological explanation of the development of an informal settlement
- Authors: Fourie, Clarissa Dorothy
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Land tenure -- South Africa -- Kwazulu Kwazulu (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Zulu (African people) -- Social conditions Kwazulu (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2098 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002661
- Description: Mgaga, an informal settlement in KwaZulu, south of Durban, on Cele-Zulu polity land, had an indigenous, albeit urban, system of Zulu land tenure in 1980. Mgaga's transformation, from an area with scattered homesteads in 1959 to an informal settlement, was linked to local and external factors. The external factors were, regional industrialisation, urbanisation and apartheid policies which involved, the division of South Africa into ethnically based 'homelands'; controlled Black access to 'White' cities; an urban management system for 'homeland' townships, like Umlazi township which abutted Mgaga. Umlazi's development and urban management system involved, the resettlement of members of the polity; the removal of their office bearers from their posts; and the phased building of the township; which caused cumulative effects in Mgaga. I link these external factors to the behaviour of Mgaga's residents, who transformed the area's land tenure system, by using Comaroff's dialectical model (1982), where the internal dialectic interacts with external factors to shape behaviour at the local level. I analyze the Zulu ethnography to show that the internal dialectic in Zulu social organisation, and in Mgaga, is centred around fission and integration; and that the integrating hierarchy associated with Zulu social organisation and the Zulu land tenure system is composed of groups with opposed interests in the same land. Within this hierarchy entrepreneurship and coalition formation influence the transfer of land rights. Also, rather than rules determining the transfer of land in the land tenure system, processes associated with the interaction of external factors with the internal dialectic, within terms of the cultural repertoire associated with the system, shape local behaviour; and the system's rules are manipulated within this cultural repertoire by individuals striving for gain. This results in different manifestations of the internal dialectic in the Zulu land tenure system, i.e. a range of variations in the Zulu land tenure system, including different local level kinship groups; a variety of terminology and rights held by office bearers; and communal and individualised land rights. The external factor of urbanisation interacted with the internal dialectic in Mgaga, manifested in terms of an ongoing izigodi (wards) dispute -including its boundaries, to shape residents' behaviour, so that some introduced an informal settlement and others resisted its geographical spread. This informal settlement development, where eventually purely residential land rights were transferred for cash to strangers by strangers, with no role for polity officials, was an urban variation of the Zulu land tenure system, because of the continued existence of the internal dialectic in Zulu social organisation in the local system, with the integration side being expressed by the community overrights. Characteristics found in Mgaga, such as kinship diminution; the individualisation and sale of land rights; and the ongoing influence of polities; are found elsewhere in Africa where informal settlements have developed on indigenous land tenure systems. Therefore the transformation of Mgaga's land tenure system to urban forms is not an isolated phenomenon, and my dialectical ransactional approach may have an applicability beyond the context of the Zulu land tenure system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Fourie, Clarissa Dorothy
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Land tenure -- South Africa -- Kwazulu Kwazulu (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Zulu (African people) -- Social conditions Kwazulu (South Africa) -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2098 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002661
- Description: Mgaga, an informal settlement in KwaZulu, south of Durban, on Cele-Zulu polity land, had an indigenous, albeit urban, system of Zulu land tenure in 1980. Mgaga's transformation, from an area with scattered homesteads in 1959 to an informal settlement, was linked to local and external factors. The external factors were, regional industrialisation, urbanisation and apartheid policies which involved, the division of South Africa into ethnically based 'homelands'; controlled Black access to 'White' cities; an urban management system for 'homeland' townships, like Umlazi township which abutted Mgaga. Umlazi's development and urban management system involved, the resettlement of members of the polity; the removal of their office bearers from their posts; and the phased building of the township; which caused cumulative effects in Mgaga. I link these external factors to the behaviour of Mgaga's residents, who transformed the area's land tenure system, by using Comaroff's dialectical model (1982), where the internal dialectic interacts with external factors to shape behaviour at the local level. I analyze the Zulu ethnography to show that the internal dialectic in Zulu social organisation, and in Mgaga, is centred around fission and integration; and that the integrating hierarchy associated with Zulu social organisation and the Zulu land tenure system is composed of groups with opposed interests in the same land. Within this hierarchy entrepreneurship and coalition formation influence the transfer of land rights. Also, rather than rules determining the transfer of land in the land tenure system, processes associated with the interaction of external factors with the internal dialectic, within terms of the cultural repertoire associated with the system, shape local behaviour; and the system's rules are manipulated within this cultural repertoire by individuals striving for gain. This results in different manifestations of the internal dialectic in the Zulu land tenure system, i.e. a range of variations in the Zulu land tenure system, including different local level kinship groups; a variety of terminology and rights held by office bearers; and communal and individualised land rights. The external factor of urbanisation interacted with the internal dialectic in Mgaga, manifested in terms of an ongoing izigodi (wards) dispute -including its boundaries, to shape residents' behaviour, so that some introduced an informal settlement and others resisted its geographical spread. This informal settlement development, where eventually purely residential land rights were transferred for cash to strangers by strangers, with no role for polity officials, was an urban variation of the Zulu land tenure system, because of the continued existence of the internal dialectic in Zulu social organisation in the local system, with the integration side being expressed by the community overrights. Characteristics found in Mgaga, such as kinship diminution; the individualisation and sale of land rights; and the ongoing influence of polities; are found elsewhere in Africa where informal settlements have developed on indigenous land tenure systems. Therefore the transformation of Mgaga's land tenure system to urban forms is not an isolated phenomenon, and my dialectical ransactional approach may have an applicability beyond the context of the Zulu land tenure system.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
A phenomenological investigation into the psychoanalytic psychotherapist's experience of identifying, differentiating and processing the patient's transference-based and reality-oriented reactions
- Authors: Danilewitz, Larry Mark
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Reality therapy Transference (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2960 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002469
- Description: The aim of this study was to describe the psychoanalytically-oriented therapist's experience of identifying, differentiating and processing the patient's transference-based and reality-oriented reactions. In order to investigate the therapist's lived experience of being receptive to the total communication of the patient in the analytic situation, the researcher adopted the empirical phenomenological method. This descriptive and intuitive method grounded the researcher in the concreteness of the everyday life-world of the therapist, and enabled him to explicate the therapist's immediate, pre-theoretical experiences of his patient. The appropriate central research question, formulated to elicit the experience of this phenomenon, emerged through the process of enquiry during the pilot study. Thirteen experienced, psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapists were interviewed and the five protocols considered most revelatory of the phenomenon under investigation were analyzed in detail. The remaining eight protocols were used to illuminate central themes and to clarify areas of uncertainty during the phase of formal explication. The central findings revealed that the oscillating process of the therapist as he shifts from being immersed in the world of his patient to being in a position of observation and self reflection is the fulcrum around which he evaluates the nature of his patient's communications. During this ongoing process of discrimination, living in duality, the therapist comes to experience himself as a patient scrutinized by his own and his patient's confrontations. His journey of disentanglement, the endeavour to differentiate his responses from his patient's actions, is dependent on his ability to engage in honest selfreflection and to access his pre-theoretical and articulated cognitions of his patient. This allows him to acknowledge his own role in what has unfolded interpersonally and to appropriate his previously denied feelings for and attitudes towards his patient, a prerequisite for the accurate and full appraisal of the nature of his patient's communications. Forsaking fixed judgements, the therapist becomes open to the confluence between the reality-oriented responses and transference-based reactions of his patient. This salient discovery, when dialogued with the literature, reinforced the theories of Greenson and Langs that not all the interactions between the patient and the analyst/therapist are transference-based and that it is therefore imperative that the analyst/therapist reflect on his participation in the analytic situation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Danilewitz, Larry Mark
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Reality therapy Transference (Psychology) -- Therapeutic use
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2960 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002469
- Description: The aim of this study was to describe the psychoanalytically-oriented therapist's experience of identifying, differentiating and processing the patient's transference-based and reality-oriented reactions. In order to investigate the therapist's lived experience of being receptive to the total communication of the patient in the analytic situation, the researcher adopted the empirical phenomenological method. This descriptive and intuitive method grounded the researcher in the concreteness of the everyday life-world of the therapist, and enabled him to explicate the therapist's immediate, pre-theoretical experiences of his patient. The appropriate central research question, formulated to elicit the experience of this phenomenon, emerged through the process of enquiry during the pilot study. Thirteen experienced, psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapists were interviewed and the five protocols considered most revelatory of the phenomenon under investigation were analyzed in detail. The remaining eight protocols were used to illuminate central themes and to clarify areas of uncertainty during the phase of formal explication. The central findings revealed that the oscillating process of the therapist as he shifts from being immersed in the world of his patient to being in a position of observation and self reflection is the fulcrum around which he evaluates the nature of his patient's communications. During this ongoing process of discrimination, living in duality, the therapist comes to experience himself as a patient scrutinized by his own and his patient's confrontations. His journey of disentanglement, the endeavour to differentiate his responses from his patient's actions, is dependent on his ability to engage in honest selfreflection and to access his pre-theoretical and articulated cognitions of his patient. This allows him to acknowledge his own role in what has unfolded interpersonally and to appropriate his previously denied feelings for and attitudes towards his patient, a prerequisite for the accurate and full appraisal of the nature of his patient's communications. Forsaking fixed judgements, the therapist becomes open to the confluence between the reality-oriented responses and transference-based reactions of his patient. This salient discovery, when dialogued with the literature, reinforced the theories of Greenson and Langs that not all the interactions between the patient and the analyst/therapist are transference-based and that it is therefore imperative that the analyst/therapist reflect on his participation in the analytic situation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
A pilot study into the functioning of families with a member who is a hospice patient to determine whether hospice families require family therapy
- Authors: Evans, Alison
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Hospice care , Terminal care , Family psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3207 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011767 , Hospice care , Terminal care , Family psychotherapy
- Description: The aim of this pilot study, which was carried out under the auspices of the Grahamstown Hospice, is to evaluate the functioning of families with a terminally ill member, in order to establish whether these families require family therapy. The Family Assessment Device (FAD), based on the McMaster Model of Family Functioning, was used. Data from 20 families was analysed and the extent to which these families constitute a clinical sample is highlighted. In terms of the dimension of General Functioning, 15 families emerged as functioning at a problematic level. Communication emerged as the most dysfunctional of the seven dimensions of the FAD, with 17 families functioning at a problematic level. As a result of these findings it is argued that family therapy should be incorporated into the range of services offered by hospices. Limitations of this study and directions for future research are also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Evans, Alison
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Hospice care , Terminal care , Family psychotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3207 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011767 , Hospice care , Terminal care , Family psychotherapy
- Description: The aim of this pilot study, which was carried out under the auspices of the Grahamstown Hospice, is to evaluate the functioning of families with a terminally ill member, in order to establish whether these families require family therapy. The Family Assessment Device (FAD), based on the McMaster Model of Family Functioning, was used. Data from 20 families was analysed and the extent to which these families constitute a clinical sample is highlighted. In terms of the dimension of General Functioning, 15 families emerged as functioning at a problematic level. Communication emerged as the most dysfunctional of the seven dimensions of the FAD, with 17 families functioning at a problematic level. As a result of these findings it is argued that family therapy should be incorporated into the range of services offered by hospices. Limitations of this study and directions for future research are also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
A qualitative study aimed at describing & interpreting the changing symbolic meanings of HIV/AIDS which encountering HIV-positive patients introduces into the personal & professional identities of selected health care professionals
- Authors: Read, Gary Frank Hoyland
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Social aspects -- Africa , Physicians -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Medical personnel -- South Africa -- Attitudes , HIV-positive persons
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3041 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002550 , AIDS (Disease) -- Social aspects -- Africa , Physicians -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Medical personnel -- South Africa -- Attitudes , HIV-positive persons
- Description: This study aimed at describing and interpreting the changing symbolic meanings of the Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome (AIDS) which encountering a Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV)-positive patient introduced into the personal and professional identities of six health care professionals in a subregion of the Eastern Cape. With the exponential increase of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, medical practitioners have become increasingly exposed to HIV infected patients. This study has considered the psychological structures developed by practitioners in an attempt to control and understand their situation in the context of HIV/AIDS. In order to describe these psychological structures the existential phenomenological approaches of L. Binswanger (in Needleman, 1963), A. Giorgi (1975) and F.J.Wertz (1985) were employed. Through these procedures, the structure of the experience of encountering an HIV infected patient was elucidated. This comprised the first goal of this study. The second goal focused on interpreting these descriptions by way of the symbolic meanings and definitions implicit in the structure of this experience. For this latter purpose the approach of symbo1ic interactionism was used, in particu1ar the understandings outlined by H. Blumer (1969). This theory was seen as appropriate in that the encounter between the practitioner and patient was primarily located in interpersonal parameters. The findings were discussed in terms of the two dominant metaphorical frameworks used by the subjects to comprehend the disease - namely the perspectives of society and the biomedical model. These two frameworks were critically evaluated in the context of HIV/AIDS, the needs of HIV infected individuals as well as the needs of the general practitioner. The process of the encounter was found to be very significant for practitioners in terms of their conceptualisations of HIV/AIDS. Old understandings were reinterpreted within the interpersonal context and replaced with more appropriate symbolic metaphors upon which to base practise. This study has revealed these new understandings were limited and constrained with regard to understanding and treating HIV/AIDS in that the subjects were still influenced by the metaphors of the biomedical model. These constraints were examined in the light of both personal and professional meanings and identities. This study concluded by making suggestions for modification of the medical practitioner's role in the context of HIV/AIDS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Read, Gary Frank Hoyland
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Social aspects -- Africa , Physicians -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Medical personnel -- South Africa -- Attitudes , HIV-positive persons
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3041 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002550 , AIDS (Disease) -- Social aspects -- Africa , Physicians -- South Africa -- Attitudes , Medical personnel -- South Africa -- Attitudes , HIV-positive persons
- Description: This study aimed at describing and interpreting the changing symbolic meanings of the Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome (AIDS) which encountering a Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV)-positive patient introduced into the personal and professional identities of six health care professionals in a subregion of the Eastern Cape. With the exponential increase of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, medical practitioners have become increasingly exposed to HIV infected patients. This study has considered the psychological structures developed by practitioners in an attempt to control and understand their situation in the context of HIV/AIDS. In order to describe these psychological structures the existential phenomenological approaches of L. Binswanger (in Needleman, 1963), A. Giorgi (1975) and F.J.Wertz (1985) were employed. Through these procedures, the structure of the experience of encountering an HIV infected patient was elucidated. This comprised the first goal of this study. The second goal focused on interpreting these descriptions by way of the symbolic meanings and definitions implicit in the structure of this experience. For this latter purpose the approach of symbo1ic interactionism was used, in particu1ar the understandings outlined by H. Blumer (1969). This theory was seen as appropriate in that the encounter between the practitioner and patient was primarily located in interpersonal parameters. The findings were discussed in terms of the two dominant metaphorical frameworks used by the subjects to comprehend the disease - namely the perspectives of society and the biomedical model. These two frameworks were critically evaluated in the context of HIV/AIDS, the needs of HIV infected individuals as well as the needs of the general practitioner. The process of the encounter was found to be very significant for practitioners in terms of their conceptualisations of HIV/AIDS. Old understandings were reinterpreted within the interpersonal context and replaced with more appropriate symbolic metaphors upon which to base practise. This study has revealed these new understandings were limited and constrained with regard to understanding and treating HIV/AIDS in that the subjects were still influenced by the metaphors of the biomedical model. These constraints were examined in the light of both personal and professional meanings and identities. This study concluded by making suggestions for modification of the medical practitioner's role in the context of HIV/AIDS.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
A review of the deposition of iron-formation and genesis of the related iron ore deposits as a guide to exploration for Precambrian iron ore deposits in southern Africa
- Authors: Gapara, Cornwell Sine
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Geology, Stratigraphic -- Precambrian , Iron ores -- Geology -- South Africa , Iron ranges
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4998 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005610 , Geology, Stratigraphic -- Precambrian , Iron ores -- Geology -- South Africa , Iron ranges
- Description: Iron-formations are ferruginous sedimentary rocks which have their source from fumarolic activity associated with submarine volcanism, with deposition of iron as oxides, hydroxides, and hydrous oxide-silicate minerals in shallow and/or deep marine sedimentary systems. The Precambrian ironformations of southern Africa have a wide age range, but are more prominently developed before 1.SGa. These iron formations occur in greenstone belts of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwean cratons, in the Limpopo mobile belt, in cratonic basins and in the Damara mobile belt. The Archaean-Proterozoic sedimentary basins and greenstone belts host iron ore deposits in iron-formation. Iron formations have a lengthy geological history. Most were subjected to intense, and on occasions repeated, tectonic and metamorphic episodes which also included metasomatic processes at times to produce supergene/hypogene high grade iron ores. Iron-formations may be enriched by diagenetic, and metamorphic processes to produce concentrating-grade ironformations. Uplift, weathering and denudation, have influenced the mineral association and composition of the ores, within which magnetite, haematite and goethite constitute the major ore minerals. The iron resources of the southern Africa region include the Sishen deposits, hosting to about 1200 Mt of high grade direct shipping ore, at >63% Fe. Deposits of Zimbabwe have more than 33 000 Mt of beneficiable iron-formation. The evaluation of an iron ore prospect involves many factors which must be individually assessed in order to arrive at an estimate of the probable profitability of the deposit. Many of these are geological and are inherent in the deposit itself. Other factors are inherent aspects of the environment in which the ore is formed. Although the geological character of the ore does not change, technological advances in the processing techniques may have a great effect on the cost of putting the ore into marketable form. Geochemical, geophysical and remote sensing methods would be used for regional exploration. Chip sampling and drilling are useful for detailed exploration. Purely geological exploration techniques are applicable on a prospect scale in the exploration of iron ore deposits. Regional exploration targeting should choose late Archaean greenstone belts containing oxide facies iron-formation or Early Proterozoic basins located at craton margins as they are both known to host high-grade haematite orebodies formed by supergene/hypogene enrichment. Most types of iron ore deposits in southern Africa are described and classified. An attempt is made to emphasize the major controls on mineralisation, in the hope that these may be applicable to exploration both in the southern African region and within analogous settings around the world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993
- Authors: Gapara, Cornwell Sine
- Date: 1993
- Subjects: Geology, Stratigraphic -- Precambrian , Iron ores -- Geology -- South Africa , Iron ranges
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4998 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005610 , Geology, Stratigraphic -- Precambrian , Iron ores -- Geology -- South Africa , Iron ranges
- Description: Iron-formations are ferruginous sedimentary rocks which have their source from fumarolic activity associated with submarine volcanism, with deposition of iron as oxides, hydroxides, and hydrous oxide-silicate minerals in shallow and/or deep marine sedimentary systems. The Precambrian ironformations of southern Africa have a wide age range, but are more prominently developed before 1.SGa. These iron formations occur in greenstone belts of the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwean cratons, in the Limpopo mobile belt, in cratonic basins and in the Damara mobile belt. The Archaean-Proterozoic sedimentary basins and greenstone belts host iron ore deposits in iron-formation. Iron formations have a lengthy geological history. Most were subjected to intense, and on occasions repeated, tectonic and metamorphic episodes which also included metasomatic processes at times to produce supergene/hypogene high grade iron ores. Iron-formations may be enriched by diagenetic, and metamorphic processes to produce concentrating-grade ironformations. Uplift, weathering and denudation, have influenced the mineral association and composition of the ores, within which magnetite, haematite and goethite constitute the major ore minerals. The iron resources of the southern Africa region include the Sishen deposits, hosting to about 1200 Mt of high grade direct shipping ore, at >63% Fe. Deposits of Zimbabwe have more than 33 000 Mt of beneficiable iron-formation. The evaluation of an iron ore prospect involves many factors which must be individually assessed in order to arrive at an estimate of the probable profitability of the deposit. Many of these are geological and are inherent in the deposit itself. Other factors are inherent aspects of the environment in which the ore is formed. Although the geological character of the ore does not change, technological advances in the processing techniques may have a great effect on the cost of putting the ore into marketable form. Geochemical, geophysical and remote sensing methods would be used for regional exploration. Chip sampling and drilling are useful for detailed exploration. Purely geological exploration techniques are applicable on a prospect scale in the exploration of iron ore deposits. Regional exploration targeting should choose late Archaean greenstone belts containing oxide facies iron-formation or Early Proterozoic basins located at craton margins as they are both known to host high-grade haematite orebodies formed by supergene/hypogene enrichment. Most types of iron ore deposits in southern Africa are described and classified. An attempt is made to emphasize the major controls on mineralisation, in the hope that these may be applicable to exploration both in the southern African region and within analogous settings around the world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993