The Educational Journal
- Date: 2006-12
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41677 , vital:36554 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006-12
- Date: 2006-12
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41677 , vital:36554 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006-12
The Educational Journal
- Date: 2006-09
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Social conditions , South Africa – Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41199 , vital:36400 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006-09
- Date: 2006-09
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Social conditions , South Africa – Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/41199 , vital:36400 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006-09
The Educational Journal
- Date: 2006-06
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38309 , vital:34548 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006-06
- Date: 2006-06
- Subjects: Education – South Africa , South Africa – Economic conditions , South Africa – Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38309 , vital:34548 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006-06
The Educational Journal
- Date: 2006-03
- Subjects: Education -- South Africa , Economics -- South Africa , South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38279 , vital:34542 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006-03
- Date: 2006-03
- Subjects: Education -- South Africa , Economics -- South Africa , South Africa -- Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/38279 , vital:34542 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Educational Journal was the official organ of the Teachers' League of South Africa and focussed on education within the context of a racialized South Africa. From the 2000s, the journal was published by the National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW), a trade union formed in August 1998 from the amalgamation of militant and moderate trade unions and also operated in the education sphere.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2006-03
A generic database and spatial interface for the application of hydrological and water resource models
- Hughes, Denis A, Forsyth, D A
- Authors: Hughes, Denis A , Forsyth, D A
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7080 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012333
- Description: The paper discusses a software package that has been designed to enhance the efficiency of applying a range of hydrological and water resource simulation models. The SPATSIM (SPatial and Time Series Information Modeling) system has been developed in Delphi using MapObjects and incorporates a spatial data interface for access to the different types of information commonly associated with water resource analyses. All of the information is stored within database tables (Paradox by default) with generic structures. The structure and components of the system are briefly described and some example applications provided. The discussion identifies some of the criticisms that have been leveled at the software, the approach of the developers to user support and some possible future developments. The conclusions suggest that the development can be considered successful in that it has substantially improved the efficiency of the Institute for Water Research to undertake one of its core functions of hydrological model development and application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Hughes, Denis A , Forsyth, D A
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7080 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012333
- Description: The paper discusses a software package that has been designed to enhance the efficiency of applying a range of hydrological and water resource simulation models. The SPATSIM (SPatial and Time Series Information Modeling) system has been developed in Delphi using MapObjects and incorporates a spatial data interface for access to the different types of information commonly associated with water resource analyses. All of the information is stored within database tables (Paradox by default) with generic structures. The structure and components of the system are briefly described and some example applications provided. The discussion identifies some of the criticisms that have been leveled at the software, the approach of the developers to user support and some possible future developments. The conclusions suggest that the development can be considered successful in that it has substantially improved the efficiency of the Institute for Water Research to undertake one of its core functions of hydrological model development and application.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A history of southern African research relevant to forensic entomology
- Williams, K A, Villet, Martin H
- Authors: Williams, K A , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6909 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011862
- Description: Entomological forensic evidence has been used in southern Africa for decades but explicitly forensic research began in southern Africa only 26 years ago. Although applicable local research has accumulated since 1921, it is scattered in a diverse literature or unpublished. Some overseas research has also touched on local species. This review uses a historical approach to synthesize the southern African literature and to illustrate the cross-disciplinary, opportunistic nature of forensic entomology. Distinct phases of research focused on agriculture (1921-1950), medicine (1952- 1965), ecology (1968-1990) and forensics (1980-2005), but systematics spanned the entire period and tended to be ad hoc. Few scientists were involved, situated at geographically distant locations and with widely disparate research interests. The review concludes with an overview of southern African entomologists who have been involved in medico-legal investigations, and a critical evaluation of the past and future of the discipline locally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Williams, K A , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6909 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011862
- Description: Entomological forensic evidence has been used in southern Africa for decades but explicitly forensic research began in southern Africa only 26 years ago. Although applicable local research has accumulated since 1921, it is scattered in a diverse literature or unpublished. Some overseas research has also touched on local species. This review uses a historical approach to synthesize the southern African literature and to illustrate the cross-disciplinary, opportunistic nature of forensic entomology. Distinct phases of research focused on agriculture (1921-1950), medicine (1952- 1965), ecology (1968-1990) and forensics (1980-2005), but systematics spanned the entire period and tended to be ad hoc. Few scientists were involved, situated at geographically distant locations and with widely disparate research interests. The review concludes with an overview of southern African entomologists who have been involved in medico-legal investigations, and a critical evaluation of the past and future of the discipline locally.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
A stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of orlistat in capsules
- Mohammadi, Ali, Haririan, I, Rezanour, I, Ghiasi, L, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Haririan, I , Rezanour, I , Ghiasi, L , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6407 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006480
- Description: A stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of orlistat in capsule dosage forms. An isocratic separation was achieved using a Perfectsil® target ODS-3, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size column with a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min and using a UV detector to monitor the eluate at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of methanol:acetonitrile:trifluoroacetic acid (82.5:17.5:0.01, v/v/v). The drug was subjected oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat to apply stress conditions. Complete separation was achieved for the parent compound and all degradation products in an overall analytical run time of approximately 15 min with the parent compound orlistat eluting at approximately 9 min. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.02–0.75 mg/ml (r = 0.9998) with a limit of detection and quantitation 0.006 and 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. The method has the requisite accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and precision to assay orlistat in capsules. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of orlistat and the assay is thus stability-indicating.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Mohammadi, Ali , Haririan, I , Rezanour, I , Ghiasi, L , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article , text
- Identifier: vital:6407 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006480
- Description: A stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of orlistat in capsule dosage forms. An isocratic separation was achieved using a Perfectsil® target ODS-3, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size column with a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min and using a UV detector to monitor the eluate at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of methanol:acetonitrile:trifluoroacetic acid (82.5:17.5:0.01, v/v/v). The drug was subjected oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis and heat to apply stress conditions. Complete separation was achieved for the parent compound and all degradation products in an overall analytical run time of approximately 15 min with the parent compound orlistat eluting at approximately 9 min. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.02–0.75 mg/ml (r = 0.9998) with a limit of detection and quantitation 0.006 and 0.02 mg/ml, respectively. The method has the requisite accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity and precision to assay orlistat in capsules. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of orlistat and the assay is thus stability-indicating.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme: An overview of the conference contributions
- Ribbink, Anthony J, Roberts, M
- Authors: Ribbink, Anthony J , Roberts, M
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7127 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010637
- Description: Latimeria chalumnae is the icon for the multidisciplinary, multinational African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme (ACEP) dedicated to improving the understanding of biological and other processes that support marine life. This article provides an overview of contributions made at a conference hosted by ACEP at the end of 2003. It also reviews significant developments regarding coelacanth conservation which have taken place since the conference. Delegates at the meeting concluded that the integrated regional,ecosystem approach that had been adopted by ACEP should continue. Underwater observation and exploration, however, should be supplemented by more experimental and technical analyses in order to answer longstanding questions related to coelacanths and other organisms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Ribbink, Anthony J , Roberts, M
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7127 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010637
- Description: Latimeria chalumnae is the icon for the multidisciplinary, multinational African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme (ACEP) dedicated to improving the understanding of biological and other processes that support marine life. This article provides an overview of contributions made at a conference hosted by ACEP at the end of 2003. It also reviews significant developments regarding coelacanth conservation which have taken place since the conference. Delegates at the meeting concluded that the integrated regional,ecosystem approach that had been adopted by ACEP should continue. Underwater observation and exploration, however, should be supplemented by more experimental and technical analyses in order to answer longstanding questions related to coelacanths and other organisms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Application of reverse-flow micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the simultaneous determination of flavonols and terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba dosage forms
- Dubber, Mary-Jean, Kanfer, Isadore
- Authors: Dubber, Mary-Jean , Kanfer, Isadore
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006049
- Description:
A reverse-flow micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (RF-MEKC) method was developed for the simultaneous qualitative determination of 10 components consisting of the flavonol glycosides, rutin and quercitrin, the flavonol aglycones, isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin, the terpene trilactones, ginkgolides A, B, C and J and the sesquiterpene, bilobalide. This method was used to fingerprint Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms and validated for the quantitation of the marker compounds, rutin and quercetin in some commercial products. In addition to the usual variables, the influence of some essential background electrolyte (BGE) components such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and
-cyclodextrin concentrations were investigated. A polyimide fused-silica square capillary column (75 μm I.D. × 360 μm O.D.) with a total length of 60.0 cm and effective length of 45.0 cm was used for the separation. The final BGE consisted of 20 mM phosphoric acid, 40 mM SDS and 12 mM -cyclodextrin (pH 2.2) using reverse polarity with a voltage of −17.5 kV. Samples were injected electrokinetically at −5 kV for 3 s for the qualitative analysis and hydrodynamically at 20 mbar for 0.6 s for the quantitative assay. The total run time was 22 min and the limits of detection were 3.13 μg/ml and 1.88 μg/ml for rutin and quercetin, respectively. Fingerprint profiles of the solid oral dosage forms and the results of the quantitative analysis indicated that there were major discrepancies in the marker content between products and illustrates the value of this method for use as a procedure to assess product quality of commercially available Ginkgo biloba products. - Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Dubber, Mary-Jean , Kanfer, Isadore
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006049
- Description:
A reverse-flow micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (RF-MEKC) method was developed for the simultaneous qualitative determination of 10 components consisting of the flavonol glycosides, rutin and quercitrin, the flavonol aglycones, isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin, the terpene trilactones, ginkgolides A, B, C and J and the sesquiterpene, bilobalide. This method was used to fingerprint Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms and validated for the quantitation of the marker compounds, rutin and quercetin in some commercial products. In addition to the usual variables, the influence of some essential background electrolyte (BGE) components such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and
-cyclodextrin concentrations were investigated. A polyimide fused-silica square capillary column (75 μm I.D. × 360 μm O.D.) with a total length of 60.0 cm and effective length of 45.0 cm was used for the separation. The final BGE consisted of 20 mM phosphoric acid, 40 mM SDS and 12 mM -cyclodextrin (pH 2.2) using reverse polarity with a voltage of −17.5 kV. Samples were injected electrokinetically at −5 kV for 3 s for the qualitative analysis and hydrodynamically at 20 mbar for 0.6 s for the quantitative assay. The total run time was 22 min and the limits of detection were 3.13 μg/ml and 1.88 μg/ml for rutin and quercetin, respectively. Fingerprint profiles of the solid oral dosage forms and the results of the quantitative analysis indicated that there were major discrepancies in the marker content between products and illustrates the value of this method for use as a procedure to assess product quality of commercially available Ginkgo biloba products. - Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Biogeographic and nearshore–offshore trends in isotope ratios of intertidal mussels and their food sources around the coast of southern Africa
- Hill, Jaclyn M, McQuaid, Christopher D, Kaehler, Sven
- Authors: Hill, Jaclyn M , McQuaid, Christopher D , Kaehler, Sven
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6878 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011633
- Description: There are broad differences in oceanography and primary production around the southern African coast that are likely to give rise to major differences in trophic pathways. Stable isotope ratios provide integrated information on trophic relationships, yet there has been limited research on geographic variation in isotopic composition of marine consumers and their food. In this study, δ13C and δ15N of suspended particulate matter (SPM), intertidal mussels and common macroalgae along the southern African coastline were explored. Nearshore–offshore isotope trends as well as biogeographic and temporal patterns in isotopic ratios of mussel tissue, macroalgae and SPM were investigated at 12 sites along the coast from Namibia to the Mozambique border. SPM exhibited overall trends of nearshore 13C depletion from south-west to north-east along the coastline and from nearshore (0 km) to offshore (10 km) waters, in both cases suggesting a shift from a nearshore signature strongly influenced by macroalgal detritus to one more representative of oceanic phytoplankton. With one exception it was possible, using discriminant analysis, to categorize mussel populations into 4 geographic groups, on the basis of both carbon and nitrogen signatures: the east coast, the south-east coast, the south-west coast and the west coast. Macroalgae showed no consistent biogeographic trends and need to be examined in greater detail to relate nearshore SPM values to living macroalgal signatures. A linear mixing model indicated that mussels along the entire coastline generally demonstrated more than 50% dependence on nearshore carbon and nitrogen, emphasizing the importance of nearshore primary production to intertidal consumers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Hill, Jaclyn M , McQuaid, Christopher D , Kaehler, Sven
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6878 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011633
- Description: There are broad differences in oceanography and primary production around the southern African coast that are likely to give rise to major differences in trophic pathways. Stable isotope ratios provide integrated information on trophic relationships, yet there has been limited research on geographic variation in isotopic composition of marine consumers and their food. In this study, δ13C and δ15N of suspended particulate matter (SPM), intertidal mussels and common macroalgae along the southern African coastline were explored. Nearshore–offshore isotope trends as well as biogeographic and temporal patterns in isotopic ratios of mussel tissue, macroalgae and SPM were investigated at 12 sites along the coast from Namibia to the Mozambique border. SPM exhibited overall trends of nearshore 13C depletion from south-west to north-east along the coastline and from nearshore (0 km) to offshore (10 km) waters, in both cases suggesting a shift from a nearshore signature strongly influenced by macroalgal detritus to one more representative of oceanic phytoplankton. With one exception it was possible, using discriminant analysis, to categorize mussel populations into 4 geographic groups, on the basis of both carbon and nitrogen signatures: the east coast, the south-east coast, the south-west coast and the west coast. Macroalgae showed no consistent biogeographic trends and need to be examined in greater detail to relate nearshore SPM values to living macroalgal signatures. A linear mixing model indicated that mussels along the entire coastline generally demonstrated more than 50% dependence on nearshore carbon and nitrogen, emphasizing the importance of nearshore primary production to intertidal consumers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Comparison of satellite rainfall data with observations from gauging station networks
- Authors: Hughes, Denis A
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7079 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009748
- Description: Networks of ground-based hydro-meteorological observations are frequently sparse in developing countries and the situation is not improving. Part of the reason is the lack of resources available in countries which have more pressing economic and social issues. However, these are also the very countries where improved estimates of water resource availability are required. While hydrological models have the potential to provide the necessary information, without adequately accurate climate (rainfall, evaporation, etc.) input information, it is extremely difficult to establish models and generate representative water resource availability information. This paper reports on a preliminary analysis of the potential for using satellite derived rainfall data through a comparison with available gauge data for four basins in the southern Africa region. It is clear that the satellite data cannot be used directly in conjunction with historical gauge data. Specifically, the satellite data do not reflect the strong influences on precipitation of topography in some of the basins. However, the prospects of applying relatively straightforward adjustments are promising and further assessments appear to be justified.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Hughes, Denis A
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7079 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009748
- Description: Networks of ground-based hydro-meteorological observations are frequently sparse in developing countries and the situation is not improving. Part of the reason is the lack of resources available in countries which have more pressing economic and social issues. However, these are also the very countries where improved estimates of water resource availability are required. While hydrological models have the potential to provide the necessary information, without adequately accurate climate (rainfall, evaporation, etc.) input information, it is extremely difficult to establish models and generate representative water resource availability information. This paper reports on a preliminary analysis of the potential for using satellite derived rainfall data through a comparison with available gauge data for four basins in the southern Africa region. It is clear that the satellite data cannot be used directly in conjunction with historical gauge data. Specifically, the satellite data do not reflect the strong influences on precipitation of topography in some of the basins. However, the prospects of applying relatively straightforward adjustments are promising and further assessments appear to be justified.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Critical media literacy: a design for the future
- Authors: Prinsloo, Jeanne
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6331 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008476
- Description: [From OPENSPACE Editor Alice Kanengoni's editorial]: Professor Jeanne Prinsloo notes in her article that "In fact, it has been argued that the significance of the media in people’s lives has increased to the extent that it has been described as their primary curriculum, thereby recasting formal education as the secondary curriculum." This therefore requires an incestment in media literacy; people's ability to to understand the world around them, as represented in the media. Thus, Professor Prinsloo argues for critical media literacy, citing the role that the media played in fuelling the genocide in Rwanda, as an illustrative case in point. She states that "While we can not attribute all blame in the Rwandan scenario to the radio use, it is clear that the media mattered." She indicates that "media representations and engagements play a significant role in the way we understand the world, its people and events, and ourselves therein." As such, societies should invest in building a critical citizenry that can read and deconstruct the various ideologies that are often carries in and through the media.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Prinsloo, Jeanne
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6331 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008476
- Description: [From OPENSPACE Editor Alice Kanengoni's editorial]: Professor Jeanne Prinsloo notes in her article that "In fact, it has been argued that the significance of the media in people’s lives has increased to the extent that it has been described as their primary curriculum, thereby recasting formal education as the secondary curriculum." This therefore requires an incestment in media literacy; people's ability to to understand the world around them, as represented in the media. Thus, Professor Prinsloo argues for critical media literacy, citing the role that the media played in fuelling the genocide in Rwanda, as an illustrative case in point. She states that "While we can not attribute all blame in the Rwandan scenario to the radio use, it is clear that the media mattered." She indicates that "media representations and engagements play a significant role in the way we understand the world, its people and events, and ourselves therein." As such, societies should invest in building a critical citizenry that can read and deconstruct the various ideologies that are often carries in and through the media.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Fishes of the deep demersal habitat at Ngazidja (Grand Comoro) Island, Western Indian Ocean
- Heemstra, P C, Hissmann, K, Fricke, H
- Authors: Heemstra, P C , Hissmann, K , Fricke, H
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7128 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010638
- Description: Underwater observations of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae Smith, 1939, from a research submersible provided opportunities to study the deep demersal fish fauna at the Comoro Islands. The demersal habitat in depths of 150–400 m at the volcanic island of Ngazidja is low in fish diversity and biomass, compared with the shallow-water coral reef habitat of Ngazidja or the deep demersal habitats of other localities in the Indo-Pacific region. The resident deep demersal fish fauna at Ngazidja is dominated by the coelacanth, an ancient predator that is specially adapted for this low-energy environment. Other large fish predators are scarce in this environment, because of the heavy fishing pressure from local fishermen. Eighty-nine fish taxa (including 65 recognizable species) were recorded from videotapes, photographs, visual observations, fishermen’s catches and ancillary attempts to sample the fish fauna with baited fish traps, gill nets, and hook and line. Although no coelacanth feeding events were seen, seven fish species are known from coelacanth stomach contents, and 64 other fish species in this habitat are considered potential prey of this dominant predator.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Heemstra, P C , Hissmann, K , Fricke, H
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7128 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010638
- Description: Underwater observations of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae Smith, 1939, from a research submersible provided opportunities to study the deep demersal fish fauna at the Comoro Islands. The demersal habitat in depths of 150–400 m at the volcanic island of Ngazidja is low in fish diversity and biomass, compared with the shallow-water coral reef habitat of Ngazidja or the deep demersal habitats of other localities in the Indo-Pacific region. The resident deep demersal fish fauna at Ngazidja is dominated by the coelacanth, an ancient predator that is specially adapted for this low-energy environment. Other large fish predators are scarce in this environment, because of the heavy fishing pressure from local fishermen. Eighty-nine fish taxa (including 65 recognizable species) were recorded from videotapes, photographs, visual observations, fishermen’s catches and ancillary attempts to sample the fish fauna with baited fish traps, gill nets, and hook and line. Although no coelacanth feeding events were seen, seven fish species are known from coelacanth stomach contents, and 64 other fish species in this habitat are considered potential prey of this dominant predator.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Fishes of the deep demersal habitat at Ngazidja (Grand Comoro) Island, Western Indian Ocean
- Heemstra, P C, Hissmann, K, Fricke, H
- Authors: Heemstra, P C , Hissmann, K , Fricke, H
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7158 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011885
- Description: Underwater observations of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae Smith, 1939, from a research submersible provided opportunities to study the deep demersal fish fauna at the Comoro Islands. The demersal habitat in depths of 150–400 m at the volcanic island of Ngazidja is low in fish diversity and biomass, compared with the shallow-water coral reef habitat of Ngazidja or the deep demersal habitats of other localities in the Indo-Pacific region. The resident deep demersal fish fauna at Ngazidja is dominated by the coelacanth, an ancient predator that is specially adapted for this low-energy environment. Other large fish predators are scarce in this environment, because of the heavy fishing pressure from local fishermen. Eighty-nine fish taxa (including 65 recognizable species) were recorded from videotapes, photographs, visual observations, fishermen’s catches and ancillary attempts to sample the fish fauna with baited fish traps, gill nets, and hook and line. Although no coelacanth feeding events were seen, seven fish species are known from coelacanth stomach contents, and 64 other fish species in this habitat are considered potential prey of this dominant predator.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Heemstra, P C , Hissmann, K , Fricke, H
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7158 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011885
- Description: Underwater observations of the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae Smith, 1939, from a research submersible provided opportunities to study the deep demersal fish fauna at the Comoro Islands. The demersal habitat in depths of 150–400 m at the volcanic island of Ngazidja is low in fish diversity and biomass, compared with the shallow-water coral reef habitat of Ngazidja or the deep demersal habitats of other localities in the Indo-Pacific region. The resident deep demersal fish fauna at Ngazidja is dominated by the coelacanth, an ancient predator that is specially adapted for this low-energy environment. Other large fish predators are scarce in this environment, because of the heavy fishing pressure from local fishermen. Eighty-nine fish taxa (including 65 recognizable species) were recorded from videotapes, photographs, visual observations, fishermen’s catches and ancillary attempts to sample the fish fauna with baited fish traps, gill nets, and hook and line. Although no coelacanth feeding events were seen, seven fish species are known from coelacanth stomach contents, and 64 other fish species in this habitat are considered potential prey of this dominant predator.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Generic substitution: the use of medicinal products containing different salts and implications for safety and efficacy
- Verbeeck, R K, Kanfer, Isadore, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Verbeeck, R K , Kanfer, Isadore , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6445 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006632
- Description: In their quest to gain early entry of new generic products into the market prior to patent expiration, one of the strategies pursued by generic drug product manufacturers is to incorporate different salts of an approved active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a brand company's marketed dosage form and subject such dosage forms to bioequivalence assessment. These initiatives present challenges to regulatory authorities where the decision to approve bioequivalent products containing such pharmaceutical alternatives must be considered in the light of safety and efficacy, and more particularly, with respect to their substitutability. This article describes the various issues and contentions associated with the concept of pharmaceutical alternatives, specifically with respect to the uses of different salts and the implications for safety, efficacy and generic substitution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Verbeeck, R K , Kanfer, Isadore , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6445 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006632
- Description: In their quest to gain early entry of new generic products into the market prior to patent expiration, one of the strategies pursued by generic drug product manufacturers is to incorporate different salts of an approved active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a brand company's marketed dosage form and subject such dosage forms to bioequivalence assessment. These initiatives present challenges to regulatory authorities where the decision to approve bioequivalent products containing such pharmaceutical alternatives must be considered in the light of safety and efficacy, and more particularly, with respect to their substitutability. This article describes the various issues and contentions associated with the concept of pharmaceutical alternatives, specifically with respect to the uses of different salts and the implications for safety, efficacy and generic substitution.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Interactions of fishes with particular reference to coelacanths in the canyons at Sodwana Bay and the St Lucia Marine Protected Area of South Africa
- Heemstra, Phillip C, Frickle, H, Hissmann, K
- Authors: Heemstra, Phillip C , Frickle, H , Hissmann, K
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7130 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011771
- Description: The deep demersal fish fauna at depths of 100–400min canyons off the St Lucia Marine Protected Area along the north coast of KwaZulu-Natal is compared with similar fish communities at the Comoro Islands and in the Indo-Pacific region. Fifty-four fish species were seen or photographed from the submersible Jago or by the discovery team of scuba divers in the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae, habitat of the canyons off Sodwana Bay. An additional 94 fish species known from depths of 100–200 m along the coast of northern KwaZulu-Natal are likely to occur in the canyon habitat. The fish fauna of the Sodwana canyons shares at least 18 species with the deep demersal fish community off tropical coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific region. Thirty-seven of the Sodwana canyon fishes are also known from the coelacanth habitat in the Comoros.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Heemstra, Phillip C , Frickle, H , Hissmann, K
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7130 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011771
- Description: The deep demersal fish fauna at depths of 100–400min canyons off the St Lucia Marine Protected Area along the north coast of KwaZulu-Natal is compared with similar fish communities at the Comoro Islands and in the Indo-Pacific region. Fifty-four fish species were seen or photographed from the submersible Jago or by the discovery team of scuba divers in the coelacanth, Latimeria chalumnae, habitat of the canyons off Sodwana Bay. An additional 94 fish species known from depths of 100–200 m along the coast of northern KwaZulu-Natal are likely to occur in the canyon habitat. The fish fauna of the Sodwana canyons shares at least 18 species with the deep demersal fish community off tropical coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific region. Thirty-seven of the Sodwana canyon fishes are also known from the coelacanth habitat in the Comoros.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Language and learning science in South Africa
- Authors: Probyn, Margie J
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007204 , http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/le554.0
- Description: South Africa is a multilingual country with 11 official languages. However, English dominates as the language of access and power and although the Language-in- Education Policy (1997) recommends school language policies that will promote additive bilingualism and the use of learners' home languages as languages of learning and teaching, there has been little implementation of these recommendations by schools. This is despite the fact that the majority of learners do not have the necessary English language proficiency to successfully engage with the curriculum and that teachers frequently are obliged to resort to using the learners' home language to mediate understanding. This research investigates the classroom language practices of six Grade 8 science teachers, teaching science through the medium of English where they and their learners share a common home language, Xhosa. Teachers' lessons were videotaped, transcribed and analysed for the opportunities they offered learners for language development and conceptual challenge. The purpose of the research is to better understand the teachers' perceptions and problems and to be able to draw on examples of good practice, to inform teacher training and to develop a coherent bilingual approach for teaching science through the medium of English as an additional language.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Probyn, Margie J
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007204 , http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/le554.0
- Description: South Africa is a multilingual country with 11 official languages. However, English dominates as the language of access and power and although the Language-in- Education Policy (1997) recommends school language policies that will promote additive bilingualism and the use of learners' home languages as languages of learning and teaching, there has been little implementation of these recommendations by schools. This is despite the fact that the majority of learners do not have the necessary English language proficiency to successfully engage with the curriculum and that teachers frequently are obliged to resort to using the learners' home language to mediate understanding. This research investigates the classroom language practices of six Grade 8 science teachers, teaching science through the medium of English where they and their learners share a common home language, Xhosa. Teachers' lessons were videotaped, transcribed and analysed for the opportunities they offered learners for language development and conceptual challenge. The purpose of the research is to better understand the teachers' perceptions and problems and to be able to draw on examples of good practice, to inform teacher training and to develop a coherent bilingual approach for teaching science through the medium of English as an additional language.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Larval development of the carrion-breeding flesh fly, Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) tibialis Macquart (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), at constant temperatures
- Villet, Martin H, MacKenzie, B, Muller, Wilhelmine J
- Authors: Villet, Martin H , MacKenzie, B , Muller, Wilhelmine J
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7091 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012422
- Description: Larvae of Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) tibialis Macquart were raised on chicken liver under six different constant temperatures. Maximum survival indicated an optimal developmental temperature of near 20°C, while trends in mortality, larval length and larval mass implied that the thermal window for successful development lay between 15°C and 30°C. Using a recently described method to estimate a simple thermal summation model, it was found that the timing of the end of the feeding phase could be estimated by a developmental zero (D0) of 5.2°C (S.E. = 1.21) and a thermal summation constant (K) of 106.4 d°C (S.E. = 8.31) and of the end of the wandering phase by D0 = 4.1°C (S.E. = 0.39) and K = 126.7 d°C (S.E. = 3.28). Published development times at constant temperatures were compiled for 19 other species of flesh flies, and the developmental constants were calculated for six species for which sufficient data were accumulated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Villet, Martin H , MacKenzie, B , Muller, Wilhelmine J
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7091 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012422
- Description: Larvae of Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) tibialis Macquart were raised on chicken liver under six different constant temperatures. Maximum survival indicated an optimal developmental temperature of near 20°C, while trends in mortality, larval length and larval mass implied that the thermal window for successful development lay between 15°C and 30°C. Using a recently described method to estimate a simple thermal summation model, it was found that the timing of the end of the feeding phase could be estimated by a developmental zero (D0) of 5.2°C (S.E. = 1.21) and a thermal summation constant (K) of 106.4 d°C (S.E. = 8.31) and of the end of the wandering phase by D0 = 4.1°C (S.E. = 0.39) and K = 126.7 d°C (S.E. = 3.28). Published development times at constant temperatures were compiled for 19 other species of flesh flies, and the developmental constants were calculated for six species for which sufficient data were accumulated.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Lattice-valued continuous convergence is induced by a lattice-valued uniform convergence structure
- Authors: Jäger, Gunter
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6824 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012332
- Description: We define a stratified L-uniform convergence structure on the set of all continuous mappings from a stratified L-limit space to a stratified L-uniform convergence space. This structure induces L-continuous convergence. This shows that the category of all L-limit-uniformizable spaces is cartesian closed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Jäger, Gunter
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6824 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012332
- Description: We define a stratified L-uniform convergence structure on the set of all continuous mappings from a stratified L-limit space to a stratified L-uniform convergence space. This structure induces L-continuous convergence. This shows that the category of all L-limit-uniformizable spaces is cartesian closed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Near-real time foF2 predictions using neural networks
- Oyeyemi, E O, McKinnell, Lee-Anne, Poole, Allon W V
- Authors: Oyeyemi, E O , McKinnell, Lee-Anne , Poole, Allon W V
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6804 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004167
- Description: This paper describes the use of the neural network (NN) technique for the development of a near-real time global foF2 (NRTNN) empirical model. The data used are hourly daily values of foF2 from 26 worldwide ionospheric stations (based on availability) during the period 1976–1986 for training the NN and between 1977 and 1989 for verifying the prediction accuracy. The training data set includes all periods of quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions. Two categories of input parameters were used as inputs to the NN. The first category consists of geophysical parameters that are temporally or spatially related to the training stations. The second category, which is related to the foF2 itself, consists of three recent past observations of foF2 (i.e. real-time foF2 (F0), 2 h (F−2) and 1 h (F−1) prior to F0) from four control stations (i.e. Boulder (40.0°N, 254.7°E), Grahamstown (33.3°S, 26.5°E), Dourbes (50.1°N, 4.6°E) and Port Stanley (51.7°S, 302.2°E). The performance of the NRTNN was verified under both geomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions with observed data from a few verification stations. A comparison of the root mean square error (RMSE) differences between measured values and the NRTNN predictions with our earlier standard foF2 NN empirical model is also illustrated. The results reveal that NRTNN will predict foF2 in near-real time with about 1 MHz RMSE difference anywhere on the globe, provided real time data is available at the four control stations. From the results it is also evident that in addition to the geophysical information from any geographical location, recent past observations of foF2 from these control stations could be used as inputs to a NN for near-real time foF2 predictions. Results also reveal that there is a temporal correlation between measured foF2 values at different locations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
- Authors: Oyeyemi, E O , McKinnell, Lee-Anne , Poole, Allon W V
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6804 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004167
- Description: This paper describes the use of the neural network (NN) technique for the development of a near-real time global foF2 (NRTNN) empirical model. The data used are hourly daily values of foF2 from 26 worldwide ionospheric stations (based on availability) during the period 1976–1986 for training the NN and between 1977 and 1989 for verifying the prediction accuracy. The training data set includes all periods of quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions. Two categories of input parameters were used as inputs to the NN. The first category consists of geophysical parameters that are temporally or spatially related to the training stations. The second category, which is related to the foF2 itself, consists of three recent past observations of foF2 (i.e. real-time foF2 (F0), 2 h (F−2) and 1 h (F−1) prior to F0) from four control stations (i.e. Boulder (40.0°N, 254.7°E), Grahamstown (33.3°S, 26.5°E), Dourbes (50.1°N, 4.6°E) and Port Stanley (51.7°S, 302.2°E). The performance of the NRTNN was verified under both geomagnetically quiet and disturbed conditions with observed data from a few verification stations. A comparison of the root mean square error (RMSE) differences between measured values and the NRTNN predictions with our earlier standard foF2 NN empirical model is also illustrated. The results reveal that NRTNN will predict foF2 in near-real time with about 1 MHz RMSE difference anywhere on the globe, provided real time data is available at the four control stations. From the results it is also evident that in addition to the geophysical information from any geographical location, recent past observations of foF2 from these control stations could be used as inputs to a NN for near-real time foF2 predictions. Results also reveal that there is a temporal correlation between measured foF2 values at different locations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006