Towards Central Vulnerability Management By Mobile Phone Operators
- Authors: Moyo, Thamsanqa , Irwin, Barry V W , Wright, Madeleineh
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428787 , vital:72536 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/237107512_Securing_mobile_commerce_interactions_through_secure_mobile_web_services/links/5b9a5898a6fdccd3cb4ff6cf/Securing-mobile-commerce-interactions-through-secure-mobile-web-services.pdf
- Description: The application of XML-based approaches in passing vulnerability in-formation between vulnerability management devices or software resid-ing on wired networks has been demonstrated. We propose a proof of concept framework for mobile operators that extends this use of XML into the area of vulnerability management on public land mobile net-works. Our proposed framework allows for a pro-active central man-agement of vulnerabilities found on mobile stations such as mobile phones. Despite the relatively limited number of reported vulnerabilities on mobile stations, such a pre-emptive approach from mobile operators is necessary to acquire the confidence of early adopters in Mobile Commerce. Given the diverse collection of devices and software that exist on a public land mobile network, XML-based approaches are best able to providing the inter-operability required for vulnerability manage-ment on such a network. Our proposed framework leverages web ser-vices by using the Open Vulnerability Assessment Language (OVAL) to provide vulnerability descriptions, and by securing these descriptions in SOAP messages conforming to the OASIS Web Services Security (WSS) standard. We contribute in three areas: firstly, through this framework we show that mobile operators can carry out centralized vul-nerability management on their public land mobile networks comprising of a wide variety of devices and software. Secondly, the assurance of integrity, confidentiality and non-repudiation inherently lacking in OVAL vulnerability descriptions is achieved through their encapsulation in SOAP messages conforming to the OASIS WSS standard. Thirdly, SOAP-based web service implementations allow for integration with vulnerability management tools and devices that do not conform to OVAL.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Towards the optimization of resolution and rendering issues in the context of contemporary environmental design computer modelling
- Authors: Liu, Peng
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Architecture -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Environmental engineering , City planning , Engineering design
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:8151 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/548 , Architecture -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa , Environmental engineering , City planning , Engineering design
- Description: This dissertation sets out to find a pragmatic solution for optimizing both resolution and rendering issues in the context of contemporary environmental design computer modelling. In this regard the following issues are addressed: Firstly, determining (with reference to a limited selection of existing 3DS Max software and plugins (i.e. VRay and Mental-Ray), which specific piece of software produces the best compromise as far as visual accuracy is concerned whilst still offering the designer the best scope for further design manipulation. Secondly, establishing design techniques which can increase the speed of model making as well as reduce rendering time without having an adverse effect on issues such as resolution and image quality. Lastly, ascertaining the least number of surfaces for a typical geometrical shape (e.g. chair, table, ornament etc.) without losing visual veracity by manipulation of the design itself. The research strongly supports the notion that VRay is the best overall software to be employed as a base before applying any design solutions. In this latter regard a number of solutions became evident as a means to both save memory and cut down on rendering time, including such factors as using spotlight rather than an omni light when rendering, because omni light calculations include the generation of needless shadows. The beneficial effect of employing ‘target direct’ light and reducing the area of light in order to decrease the calculation of shadow. Eliminating objects which do not need shadows from the lighting calculation and shutting off the reverberation and refraction factors before rendering. It was also confirmed that a black and white mipmap is better than a colour mipmap as far as saving on the system’s memory.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Towards theorizing human resource development in South Africa: a critical analysis and the development of a tool to facilitate improved understanding and practice
- Authors: Anderson, Amber Cristal
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Manpower planning -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , DPhil
- Identifier: vital:16130 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/469 , Manpower planning -- South Africa
- Description: The primary objective of this study is to generate pathways to understanding Human Resources Development (HRD) by developing a tool which enables and enhances a shared and common understanding of HRD in South Africa (SA). To achieve this objective, this research explores the nature and importance of HRD and articulates and aggregates these thoughts and practices into a tool which facilitates an understanding of HRD with the overarching aim of improving HRD thoughts and practices in South Africa. While there is substantial international and local literature on HRD, the existing body of research on the nature and importance of HRD in South Africa is skeletal. National HRD concepts and practices are fragmented, and are as diverse as the number of stakeholders and partners that it serves. In addition, theory-building in HRD is disconnected and removed from practice. In order to address this problem, a qualitative, interpretive, theory-building social constructionist research strategy was embarked upon. The research strategy was executed in an iterative, cyclical manner, using theoretical sampling and content analysis rigorously executed within a coding paradigm informed by open, axial and selective coding techniques with local and international literature and informal reviews as the units of analysis. Qualitative and quantitative findings of the South African Qualifications Authority ground-breaking, world-first longitudinal study was analyzed and used to find relevance and corroborate the international literature available on HRD. Informal reviews were conducted with 7 human resources (HR) practitioners and 54 internationally-based HR colleagues of the researcher in order to ensure as appropriate a degree of integration between theory and practice as was possible. This process culminated in the most significant contribution of this research, which is a tool consisting of six pathways, that facilitates an understanding of the nature and importance of HRD in South Africa. The development of the tool enabled the articulation and aggregation of a thorough and coherent description, explanation and representation of HRD. The research highlights the need for HRD scholars and practitioners to channel their energies and effort on all the catalytic aspects of organizational life, namely uniqueness, social complexity, knowledge, and path dependency, by acquiring critical insight into the profound value of HRD which will allow the realization and sustainability of competitive advantage in a rich and dynamic global economy.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Tracking spoor of the wild woman archetype during a university merger
- Authors: Bodisch, Anja Maria
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Wild women -- Folklore , Women -- Psychology , Archetype (Psychology) , Individuation (Philosophy)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9936 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/477 , Wild women -- Folklore , Women -- Psychology , Archetype (Psychology) , Individuation (Philosophy)
- Description: Universities in South Africa are currently undergoing mergers. Intended for commercial gain, mergers rarely accommodate the psychological milieu of staff. Similarly, the majority of studies conducted with respect to university mergers adopt a quantitative approach. This study adopts a qualitative approach and locates the researcher within the epicentre of the research, using a case study, with the researcher as unit of analysis. The lack of merger studies that focus on the experiences of minority groups, including women, prompted me, as researcher, to adopt a feminist approach to conduct this study in the context of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University merger. A Jungian gendered view, which endorses the personal experiences of minority groups, explored the connection between organisational change and concomitant opportunities for psychic growth. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the presence of the Wild Woman archetype during a university merger. The data that made up this study were contained in my field notes, research journal and a wall montage. An analysis of the qualitative data and a comparison of Jung’s archetypal theory and Pinkola Estés’ theory of the Wild Woman archetype, enabled the researcher to find evidence of the presence of the Wild Woman archetype during the university merger. The secondary purpose of the study was to document the findings which could act as a spoor which other women could follow on their journey towards connecting with their own Wild Woman archetype. The limitations of this study, and recommendations for future research are also offered.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Trade and the environmental Kuznets curve: is Southern Africa a pollution haven?
- Authors: Nahman, Anton , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143202 , vital:38210 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1813-6982.2005.00055.x
- Description: Evidence that the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) may be explained by trade patterns casts doubt on the oft‐stated conclusion that economic growth automatically leads to environmental improvement. Trends in net exports as a proportion of consumption for both USA and UK trade with SACU were examined for various dirty industries. Some evidence of pollution haven effects is found, although a similar trend for clean industries suggests that this effect is weak. However, even a general shift in manufacturing industries from North to South (as opposed to a shift in specifically dirty industries) may explain the EKC to some extent.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Trade in reed-based craft products in rural villages in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Pereira, Taryn , Shackleton, Charlie M , Shackleton, Sheona E
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181290 , vital:43716 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/03768350600927235"
- Description: Selling traditional craft products made from fibrous plants is an important source of income for economically vulnerable rural women. In the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, Cyperus textilis and Juncus kraussii have been used for centuries to make products of functional and cultural importance, such as sleeping mats and baskets. In the former Transkei village clusters of Mpozolo and Ntubeni, female crafters harvest the raw material and make and sell the products in their communities and in nearby towns. Interviews with 40 of them revealed what the trade contributes to their livelihoods and what enhances or limits their success. The findings show that crafting contributes vital income to vulnerable households, on average 26 ± 4 per cent of annual household cash income, over 40 per cent for the poorest households and 5–15 per cent for wealthier households. Lack of access to non-traditional markets was identified as the main constraint on the trade.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Trophic importance of kelp-derived suspended particulate matter in a through-flow sub-Antarctic system
- Authors: Kaehler, Sven , Pakhomov, E A , Kalin, R M , Davis, S
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6876 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011624
- Description: Spatial dynamics of surface chlorophyll concentrations, diatom abundance and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures of surface suspended particulate matter (SPM) were investigated during a bloom event observed in March 2003 in the vicinity of the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands. The surface water composition was studied to estimate the overall importance and spatial extent of kelp derived SPM in the water column of the islands. It was observed that high chlorophyll concentrations (up to 2 mg m–3) between and downstream of the islands could not be explained by the development of the diatom bloom. Instead, microscopic and stable isotope analyses suggested that the chlorophyll signal was largely derived from the residual chlorophyll in fresh and decaying particles of small fragments of the kelp Macrocystis laevis, an endemic kelp species abundant along the shoreline of the islands. The findings of this study suggest that the dietary subsidy of kelp-derived carbon and nitrogen to benthic communities and possibly the plankton is not limited to the vicinity of kelp beds, but rather is a widespread phenomenon between the islands. Due to the dominating unidirectional Antarctic Circumpolar Current, large quantities of kelp-derived SPM may be transported and utilised tens of kilometres downstream of the islands.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Ukuphononongwa kwezaphuli-mthetho nokuzalana kwemixholo yenkangeleko kwincwadi ka L. K. Siwisa "Izimanga zalo mhlaba"
- Authors: Melane, Amanda Boniswa
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Siwisa, L. K. -- Criticism and interpretation , Siwisa, L. K. Izimanga zalo mhlaba , Xhosa fiction -- History and criticism
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8471 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/564 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011677 , Siwisa, L. K. -- Criticism and interpretation , Siwisa, L. K. Izimanga zalo mhlaba , Xhosa fiction -- History and criticism
- Description: Ubundlobongela buxhaphake okweentwala kubaThembu. Zininzi iindidi zobundlobongela ezithi ziqhubekeke apha ekuhlaleni. Abantu abathi bazibandakanye nobundlobongela, baphembelelwa ziimeko ezithile. Iimeko ezifana nokunqaba kwemisebenzi, izinga elinyukileyo lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi nendlela athi umntu othile akhule ngayo. Ukuba ubani othile ukhule ngobusela, naye ulandela emkhondweni kanye abe lisela elibalaseleyo. Kwincwadi kaL. K. Siwisa ethi, “Izimanga zalomhlaba” kubhaqeka oku kulandelayo: Umntwana okhule ekhayeni lakhe kuetyenziswa iziyobisi naye wenza njalo akuba mkhulu. Imali eza ngobuqhinga nokuphela kwayo kuba lula. Ungumntu ebomini kufuneka utye ukubila kwebunzi lakho, uyeke ukufuna ukuvuna kodwa ungakhange ulime. Umntu kaloku uvuna loo nto athe wayilima. Apha ebomini zimisele ukwenza ubutyebi nelifa ngeli xesha usadla amazimba ukuze uphumelele. Xa ungumntu zimisele ukwanela, kule ndawo uMdali akubeke kuyo. Akufuneki ube ngumntu onentliziyo ende, unikwe isandla, wena ufune isandla kunye nengalo. Yonke le mikhwa ikukhokelela ekubeni ekugqibeleni wenze ubundlobongela. Ubundlobongela ke abubhatali koko busingisela kwantshabalala. Kula mabalana iyangqineka ngokuthi abonise iziphumo zobundlobongela ezifana nokuphulukana nobomi, ukuphelelwa zizinto zakho obunazo ngenxa yamaqhinga nobusela nokuphelela entolongweni. Kobu bundlobongela kukholisa ukubakho amaxhoba. Ngelishwa uninzi lwawo iba ngamabhinqa nabantwana.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Ukuzotywa kwabalinganiswa abafunzele ukuzibulala kwimidlalo ekhethiweyo yesiXhosa
- Authors: Kondowe, Zandile Ziyanda
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Acting -- Psychological aspects , Xhosa drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism , Suicide in literature , Actors -- Psychology , Xhosa drama
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8473 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/536 , Acting -- Psychological aspects , Xhosa drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism , Suicide in literature , Actors -- Psychology , Xhosa drama
- Description: Olu phando lugqale kubalinganiswa abafunzele ukuzibulala kwimidlalo ekhethiweyo yesiXhosa. Kwisahluko sokuqala ngumkhombandlela wolu phando, intshayelelo, injongo yophando, ubume besifundo namagqabantshintshi ngentyila bomi zababhali endicaphule kwiincwadi zabo namagama angundoqo. Kwezinye izahluko ingcingane ezahlukeneyo nalapho endingabalula ekaFreud isayikho-analisisi ndinaba ngokubanzi kumabakala awabekileyo afana nokuzalwa, isini, odiphasi khompleksi nephupha nenxaxheba yakhe ekugubhululeni okuyimfihlakalo ngokuthi aphande ubomi bomntu obadlulayo ukuze kubenokunyangwa impixano ekuye ngaphakathi. Enye ingcingane esetyenzisiweyo yile ingokuzibulala nalapho kuphononongwa ukuba ngobani abazibulalayo, abaqinisekileyo ngokufa kwabo, ukuzibulala ngesivumelwano nembalelwano abazishiyayo xa umntu ezibulala. Kwezinye izahluko ndiyibeka icace intsusa neziphumo zokuzibulala kwamaxhoba, ndayiphicotha nendlela ekuxhatshazwe ngayo amalungelo abalinganiswa ngabazali babo kuba benyanzela le mitshato yebhaxa ngenjongo yokuzuza ikhazi ngentombi zabo, nayo imixholo enxulumene nolu phando ndiyicaphule imixholo efana neyothando noqhankqalazo nomxholo wokutshatiswa kwabantwana ngebhaxa. Isahluko sesihlanu ngumqukumbelo jikelele nophononongo ngolu phando.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Understanding educator-mediated conflict resolution in a preschool environment: the experiences and feelings of preschool educators
- Authors: Cakwe, Mandisa
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Education, Preschool , Early childhood education , Preschool children , Conflict management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2943 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002452 , Education, Preschool , Early childhood education , Preschool children , Conflict management
- Description: This thesis discusses the experiences and feelings of preschool educators when resolving situations of conflict between preschool children. Data was collected by means of semistructured individual interviews with preschool educators and a video recorder recording conflict situations among preschool children focusing on educator resolution strategies. Grounded theory was used as a data analysis technique to analyse the data collected. The analysis revealed that the preschool educators under study do not use mediation as a conflict resolution strategy but use various strategies that include, prevention, directive approach, arbitration, myths and threats and rules. Data analysis also revealed that these preschool educators encounter experiences and feelings before, while and after intervening in the conflict situations of children. These findings imply that preschool educators lack the professional skill of conflict resolution. This suggests an urgent need of restructuring of the preschool educator’s training to include conflict resolution training as one of their important component. Educators and parents also need to be consulted or involved in the process of restructuring the training.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Understanding workplace-based learning contexts to inform curriculum development: the case of a Level 5 Environmental Education, Training and Development Practice Qualification
- Authors: Wigley, Jonathan James
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: South African Qualifications Authority National Qualifications Framework (South Africa) Environmental education -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Curriculum planning -- South Africa Competency-based education -- South Africa Vocational qualifications -- South Africa Education and state -- South Africa Education -- Standards -- South Africa Education, Higher -- South Africa -- Standards
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1808 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003694
- Description: This is an interpretive case study that explores the workplace epistemologies and institutional structures of two nested cases within the broader context of the Environmental Education, Training and Development Practices - Level 5 qualification (EETDP qualification) that is registered on the South African National Qualifications Framework. The study provides insights to inform EETDP curriculum development that is enabling of reflexive environmental education and training processes. The study develops an understanding of workplace epistemologies related to environment and education, the structural factors that enable and constrain agency of environmental educators and the role of reflexivity in practice and in education in two nested cases: the agricultural and local government sectors. It draws on findings from workshops, semistructured interviews and document analysis of education materials in these two nested cases. The study notes that there are diverse and seemingly ambiguous understandings of both environment/sustainability and education processes in the two nested cases. This ambiguity seems to relate to environmental education practitioners drawing on different forms of knowledge, including differentiated or theoretical knowledge, and 'common-sense' ways of knowing, in their education practice. The understandings related to theoretical knowledge are, in both nested cases, dominated by scientific or technical understandings where environment is understood in the terms of the natural sciences and education is seen in instrumentalist terms as the transfer of mainly technical environmental knowledge to learners in order to effect behaviour change. The study opens up deeper understandings of the epistemological, socio-cultural and structural features of context, in the two nested cases, that have a bearing on environmental educators. It provides insights into workplace structures that can be both enabling and constraining of agency and notes that the causal power of structures to enable or constrain does not lie only in the structures but also in relation to the intentionality of the environmental education practitioners/agents. The study then examines reflexivity as one of the means through which environmental educators in the nested cases are able to consider appropriate actions or responses to structural constraints or enablements. Based on the insights offered by the research findings, the study makes recommendations for the EETDP curriculum development. It frames these recommendations within an understanding of curriculum as a contextualised social process that involves structural aspects of curriculum such as materials, as well as socio-cultural processes such as learning on the course and in the workplace.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Unique electrochemical behavior of tantalum (V) phthalocyanine
- Authors: Tau, Prudence , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/286139 , vital:56243 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S1088424606000090"
- Description: The electrochemical and spectroscopic behavior of tantalum(V) phthalocyanine are presented. The NMR spectra is consistent with the lack of symmetry of the complex. Cyclic (CV) and square wave (SWV) voltammetries, and spectroelectrochemistry, were employed in the study of the complex. Two one-electron reductions and a simultaneous 4-electron reduction were observed. Reduction occurs first at the metal to form a Ta(IV) species, followed by ring based processes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Unstable ironies: narrative instability in Herman Charles Bosman's "Oom Schalk Lourens" series
- Authors: Davis, Rebecca
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Bosman, Herman Charles, 1905-1951 -- Criticism and interpretation , Irony in literature , Narration (Rhetoric)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2215 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002258 , Bosman, Herman Charles, 1905-1951 -- Criticism and interpretation , Irony in literature , Narration (Rhetoric)
- Description: This thesis examines the narrative situation within Herman Charles Bosman’s “Oom Schalk Lourens” series of stories, focussing on the nature of the relationship between author and narrator. In particular, it seeks to trace the source of the multiple ironies at work in the texts. It has been customary for critics in the past to claim that the irony within the stories stems from Bosman, operating authorially ‘above’ Oom Schalk. In terms of this theory, Oom Schalk is read as being largely unaware of the inconsistencies and contradictions within his narrative. It is the claim of this thesis, however, that Oom Schalk is the self-aware creator of the texts’ ironies much of the time. Chapter 1 commences with an attempt at defining irony, and provides a brief overview of the history of its deployment within South African literature before discussing the literary genre which Bosman was to exploit as his ironic vehicle: the “oral-style” short story. Chapter 2 examines Wayne C. Booth’s notions of “stable” and “unstable” irony: the irony of the Oom Schalk stories has, in the past, been classified as belonging to the former category, but this thesis attempts to show that its inconsistent deployment within the stories consigns it more accurately to the latter. Chapter 3 offers an assessment of the extrinsic contexts relevant to the analysis: the context of the stories’ publication, and the likely composition of Bosman’s reading public. Chapter 4 begins to examine the distance between implied author and implied narrator in the stories. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 subject stories dealing with the themes of art, race and land to detailed analysis in order to examine the shifting – and progressively, though unevenly, diminishing – distance between Bosman and Oom Schalk. The thesis concludes that the degree to which the ironic distance between author and narrator fluctuates within, and between, the stories, results in a narrative situation which must be classified as fundamentally unstable.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Urban forestry–A cinderella science in South Africa?
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183092 , vital:43911 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2989/10295920609505255"
- Description: The benefits of forests (in their broadest sense) and of trees to the natural environment and rural communities are well known throughout the world, including in South Africa (e.g. see chapters in Lawes et al. 2004). The presence of these benefits has also been extrapolated to urban situations, where natural forests and veld might be left in situ, or trees planted in public spaces, or in private gardens. These benefits span the social, aesthetic, health, environmental and economic spheres.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Urban fuelwood demand and markets in a small town in South Africa: Livelihood vulnerability and alien plant control
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , McConnachie, Matthew M , Chauke, Maphambe I , Mentz, J , Sutherland, F , Gambiza, James , Jones, R
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/181224 , vital:43710 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13504500609469697"
- Description: Fuelwood is the primary energy for most households throughout the developing world. With increasing urbanization and declining local availability of fuelwood, a growing proportion of households obtain their fuelwood by purchasing it. These fuelwood markets are the key nexus in supply and demand scenarios and can be potentially significant points for intervention to address energy security amongst the urban poor. This paper reports on the fuelwood demand and marketing in a small town in South Africa. Despite the availability of more modern fuels and state subsidization of electricity, fuelwood was still used by half the households. Annual demand was 1.2 t per household. Over half of the households bought their fuelwood requirements because local stocks were limited. Those households that did collect their own fuelwood were significantly poorer than households that purchased fuelwood, as well as households that did not use fuelwood at all. Fuelwood markets operated through 45-60 vendors who transported fuelwood from further afield. Income from the fuelwood trade was low, but was strongly linked to hours worked. Thus, vendors working a full week did earn a meaningful income, especially in the context of high unemployment in the area. Fuelwood vendors also provided casual employment opportunities for unskilled labour. Most vendors harvested fuelwood from commonage lands, with most of the wood being from alien species. Local stocks of wood are declining in the face of constant transformation of commonage to residential areas, and a national water and biodiversity conservation programme to eradicate alien plants. This decline poses a threat to the financial viability of fuelwood markets. Yet, an opportunity exists to incorporate the vendors into the alien plant clearing programme, since they already perform such a function.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Urban-rural contrasts in Arbor Week in South Africa
- Authors: Guthrie, G , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6631 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006823
- Description: Trees provide people with environmental benefits. Greening projects have been implemented worldwide, but many of them have frustratingly low participation levels. In South Africa, tree-planting campaigns such as the national Arbor Week are generally aimed at schools. Because of the remoteness of rural schools, there are urban / rural disparities in standards of education, infrastructure and support provided at schools, and hence we hypothesized that these disparities would be mirrored in tree-planting activities associated with national Arbor Week. In the study reported here, 236 urban and rural schools were assessed by means of postal surveys and subsampled via direct interviews, as to their participation in Arbor Week activities, the provision of trees, constraints to participation, and the perceived benefits of planting trees. Very few urban schools had never participated in any Arbor Week activities, whereas one-fifth of rural ones had never participated in any way. Urban schools participated in a greater number of Arbor Week activities than rural schools, including tree-planting, displaying posters and having speeches. Thus, overall information about Arbor Week is lacking in rural areas compared to urban ones. Rural schools derived more benefits from planting trees, with shade and education being the primary benefits overall. Rural schools were supplied with trees by NGOs, whereas urban schools received trees from individual or company donations. The major constraints to tree-planting are livestock damage, water shortages, vandalism and theft. These obstacles need to be addressed in a holistic fashion in order to improve the participation and success of National Arbor Week as a vehicle for tree-planting and environmental awareness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Using experiential learning to facilitate pharmacy students' understanding of patients' medication practice in chronic illness
- Authors: Williams, Kevin
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Chronic diseases -- Chemotherapy Chronically ill -- Care Pharmacy -- Study and teaching Pharmacy -- Practice Social medicine Health -- Sociological aspects Diseases -- Sociological aspects Health -- Psychological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:1322 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003955
- Description: This study originates from experiences which led me to question the way pharmacists are equipped to advise and support the medicine-taking practice of patients using chronic medication. The study offers a critical theoretical consideration of underlying perspectives informing pharmacy education. I propose following a critical realist ontological perspective, a social realist understanding of social structure and human agency, and a sociocultural epistemology. Based on these perspectives, I consider a sociological critique of ‘health’, ‘disease’, ‘illness’ and ‘sickness’ perspectives on medicine-taking, and of pharmacy as a profession. I then propose an experiential learning approach, with an emphasis on developing reflexivity through affective learning. I follow this with an illustrative case study. Following a critical discourse analysis of student texts from the case study, I conclude that there is evidence that experiential learning may prove useful in developing pharmacy students’ reflexive competency to support the provision of pharmaceutical care to patients using chronic medications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Utilising value stream mapping to improve operations at Transwerk Uitenhage
- Authors: Silo, Andile Elliot
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: Production engineering , Production planning
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8760 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/604 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011684 , Production engineering , Production planning
- Description: Transwerk is a business uint of Transnet. It was established in 1940. Since 1940 unti 1994, Transwerk operated as the engineering section of Spoornet and was known as South African Railways. Transwerk emancipated in 1994 and had plants in all nine provinces of South Africa. In the past, trains were hauled by steam locomatives, which were manually operated. With the improvement of technology, steam locomotives were replaced by diesel locomotives. The recent technology improvement brought about electric locomotives which are more reliable than diesel locomotives.Trnaswerk has a plant in the Eastern Cape Province which is situated in Uitenhage. This plant focuses on refurbishing wagins for Spoornet. This research is about improving the refurbishing processes of Transwerk Uitenhage.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
UV-Visible and Electrochemical Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide Release by Donor Complexes to Myoglobin Solutions and to Electrodes Modified with Films Containing Hemin
- Authors: Obirai, Joseph C , Hamadi, Sara , Ithurbide, Aurélie , Wartelle, Corinne , Nyokong, Tebello , Zagal, José , Top, Siden , Bedioui, Fethi
- Date: 2006
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/283906 , vital:56001 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.200603571"
- Description: This study reports on the evaluation of the CO donating behavior of tricarbonyl dichloro ruthenium(II) dimer ([Ru(CO)3Cl2]2) and 1,3-dimethoxyphenyl tricarbonyl chromium (C6H3(MeO)2Cr(CO)3) complex by UV-visible technique and electrochemical technique. The CO release was monitored by following the modifications of the UV-visible features of MbFe(II) in phosphate buffer solution and the redox features of reduced Hemin, HmFe(II), confined at the surface of a vitreous carbon electrode. In the latter case, the interaction between the hemin-modified electrode and the released CO was seen through the observation of an increase of the reduction current related to the FeIII/FeII redox process of the immobilized porphyrin. While the ruthenium-based complex, ([Ru(CO)3Cl2]2), depended on the presence of Fe(II) species to release CO, it was found that the chromium-based complex released spontaneously CO. This was facilitated by illuminating and/or simple stirring of the solution containing the complex.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006
Valuation of communal area livestock benefits, rural livelihoods and related policy issues
- Authors: Dovie, Delali B K , Shackleton, Charlie M , Witkowski, Ed T F
- Date: 2006
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6627 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006819
- Description: The multiple benefits from livestock production to rural households are evaluated in Thorndale, a communal area of the Limpopo Province South Africa. Monetary values of livestock products are presented. Values from most previous studies are static (and thus outdated), as a result of conceptual and methodological shifts. The net monetary value of the direct benefits from livestock was estimated as $656 per household/annum, excluding the holding of cattle for savings. The net value is equivalent to 22.7% of the value of the other livelihood sources that were considered, and inclusive of cash income streams, crops, and secondary woodland resources. A net 168% herd increase in livestock was recorded between 1993 and 1999. More households owned goats compared to cattle, and cattle were important for use as draught power, and for milk. Households without livestock benefited through gifts and services, valued at $33 per household/annum. Policy concerns are the provision of adequate market and pricing mechanisms for communal area livestock, tailored savings, investment support, credit schemes, and infrastructure. An appropriate multipurpose benefit production model, other than a commercialised model is suggested for the sector.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2006