Major spoligotype families of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Nqini, Babalwa J
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Tuberculosis -- Patients -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Drug resistance , Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , HIV infections -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Microbiology)
- Identifier: vital:11271 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006877 , Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Tuberculosis -- Patients -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Drug resistance , Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , HIV infections -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: South Africa is burdened with tuberculosis (TB) which is aggravated by the concurrent epidemic of HIV as well as the emergence of drug resistance. In most developed countries molecular techniques have been used to look at the dynamics of the TB epidemic however, despite the prevalence that is high in sub-Saharan Africa, there is little data on strain types that are available in Port Elizabeth. This study aims to find the major clades of M. tuberculosis that are circulating in Port Elizabeth. Two hundred MDR-TB DNA samples were obtained from the National Health Laboratory Services TB laboratory in Port Elizabeth. Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR were used to genotype the strains. Two hundred strains were sent to the University of Stellenbosch for spoligotyping and 179 of those were typed. Spoligotype defined families were further typed by MIRU-VNTR typing, so as to further differentiate and assess clonal diversity within the spoligotype families. The Beijing family was the dominant family and the MANU family being the least dominant, with percentages of 71 percent and 0.5 percent respectively. A comparison of spoligotyping results with the international spoligotyping database (SITVIT2) showed a total of 15 shared international types. Forty four percent (44 percent) of the isolates that were typed by MIRU-VNTR showed similarities, suggesting epidemiological relatedness. Thirty eight percent of isolates from spoligotyping were from the same family, the Beijing family, with the same shared international type STI1, but when typed by 12 MIRU-VNTR they showed no epidemiological relatedness and 18 percent of the isolates showed no relatedness when typed by 12 MIRU-VNTR but spoligotyping showed that they were from the LAM family. Results from our study illustrate the effectiveness of MIRU-VNTR typing together with spoligotyping in epidemiological studies in the region of Port Elizabeth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Nqini, Babalwa J
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Tuberculosis -- Patients -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Drug resistance , Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , HIV infections -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Microbiology)
- Identifier: vital:11271 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006877 , Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Tuberculosis -- Patients -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Drug resistance , Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , HIV infections -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: South Africa is burdened with tuberculosis (TB) which is aggravated by the concurrent epidemic of HIV as well as the emergence of drug resistance. In most developed countries molecular techniques have been used to look at the dynamics of the TB epidemic however, despite the prevalence that is high in sub-Saharan Africa, there is little data on strain types that are available in Port Elizabeth. This study aims to find the major clades of M. tuberculosis that are circulating in Port Elizabeth. Two hundred MDR-TB DNA samples were obtained from the National Health Laboratory Services TB laboratory in Port Elizabeth. Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR were used to genotype the strains. Two hundred strains were sent to the University of Stellenbosch for spoligotyping and 179 of those were typed. Spoligotype defined families were further typed by MIRU-VNTR typing, so as to further differentiate and assess clonal diversity within the spoligotype families. The Beijing family was the dominant family and the MANU family being the least dominant, with percentages of 71 percent and 0.5 percent respectively. A comparison of spoligotyping results with the international spoligotyping database (SITVIT2) showed a total of 15 shared international types. Forty four percent (44 percent) of the isolates that were typed by MIRU-VNTR showed similarities, suggesting epidemiological relatedness. Thirty eight percent of isolates from spoligotyping were from the same family, the Beijing family, with the same shared international type STI1, but when typed by 12 MIRU-VNTR they showed no epidemiological relatedness and 18 percent of the isolates showed no relatedness when typed by 12 MIRU-VNTR but spoligotyping showed that they were from the LAM family. Results from our study illustrate the effectiveness of MIRU-VNTR typing together with spoligotyping in epidemiological studies in the region of Port Elizabeth.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
Prevalence, seasonal trends and incidences of cattle tuberculosis and brucellosis in the Cacadu municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Nombebe, Thobeka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Tuberculosis in cattle -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Brucellosis in animals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy farms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Biostatistics and Epidemiology)
- Identifier: vital:11783 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016200 , Tuberculosis in cattle -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Brucellosis in animals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy farms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2011 to August 2012 to investigate the status and identify risk factors for Bovine Tuberculosis (BTB) and cattle Brucellosis. A total of 1277 cattle from 6 selected dairy farms were tested. The farms were purposively selected on suspected risk. Samples were analysed using Rose Bengal Test (RBPT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for Brucellosis and Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test (CITT) for BTB. The results revealed the overall prevalence of 1.6% for Brucellosis and no BTB was found. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age of cattle, herd size and number of calves a cow has had significant association with Brucellosis with p-values 0.0071, 0.0490 and 0.000 respectively. The role of location (p>0.05), gender (p>0.05) and breed (p>0.05) in the occurrence of the disease was not statistically significant at α=0.05, although higher rates were obtained in females and Jersey breed. Questionnaires were also administered to 47 individuals a total of 12 females and 35 males. Most respondents were not aware about cattle brucellosis and cattle tuberculosis. Consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk still occurs with 74.75% of respondents revealed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
- Authors: Nombebe, Thobeka
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Tuberculosis in cattle -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Brucellosis in animals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy farms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc (Biostatistics and Epidemiology)
- Identifier: vital:11783 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016200 , Tuberculosis in cattle -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Brucellosis in animals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Dairy farms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2011 to August 2012 to investigate the status and identify risk factors for Bovine Tuberculosis (BTB) and cattle Brucellosis. A total of 1277 cattle from 6 selected dairy farms were tested. The farms were purposively selected on suspected risk. Samples were analysed using Rose Bengal Test (RBPT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for Brucellosis and Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test (CITT) for BTB. The results revealed the overall prevalence of 1.6% for Brucellosis and no BTB was found. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age of cattle, herd size and number of calves a cow has had significant association with Brucellosis with p-values 0.0071, 0.0490 and 0.000 respectively. The role of location (p>0.05), gender (p>0.05) and breed (p>0.05) in the occurrence of the disease was not statistically significant at α=0.05, although higher rates were obtained in females and Jersey breed. Questionnaires were also administered to 47 individuals a total of 12 females and 35 males. Most respondents were not aware about cattle brucellosis and cattle tuberculosis. Consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk still occurs with 74.75% of respondents revealed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2012
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