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Towards a better understanding of information systems strategy options and its link with business strategy

- Buchanan, Darryl Vaughn

  • Authors: Buchanan, Darryl Vaughn
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: Management information systems , Strategic planning -- Data processing , Information technology -- Management
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: vital:10864 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/267 , Management information systems , Strategic planning -- Data processing , Information technology -- Management
  • Description: There is considerable evidence that the strategic use of Information Systems can lead to a competitive advantage. There is however, a marked lack of understanding of the options available, as well as the smooth coordination of Information Systems strategy with Business strategy. This paper provides insight into the role of Information Systems and its link with business strategy. It focuses on Information Systems strategy options, and explores the criteria needed for successful Information Systems strategy and Business strategy alignment. The paper presents and examines the results of a study of strategic alignment at Volkswagen of South Africa. Data was obtained from business and Information Technology executives. The result of the study enables Volkswagen not only to benchmark themselves, but also provides direction to enable successful business/IT alignment. It identifies specific actions necessary to ensure that IT is being used to appropriately enable or drive the business strategy.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 2004

Towards an extended enterprise through e-Business integration

- Mostert, Nicolette

  • Authors: Mostert, Nicolette
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: Enterprise application integration (Computer systems) , Electronic commerce , Business enterprises -- Data processing
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech (Information Technology)
  • Identifier: vital:10803 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/268 , Enterprise application integration (Computer systems) , Electronic commerce , Business enterprises -- Data processing
  • Description: The focus of this project will be on introducing the concept of an extended enterprise to business leaders, subsequently presenting e- Business Integration and the supporting role that it can play in the establishment of an extended enterprise. Various literature sources will be consolidated to describe the integration approaches and supporting integration technologies and standards that can be employed in establishing integrated communication between the members of the extended enterprise. Finally, a phased approach will be proposed that can be employed in supporting the establishment of an extended enterprise through e-Business Integration.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Towards sustainable utilisation of the fishery resources of the Kowie Estuary, South Africa

- Nsubuga, Yvonne Nakalo

  • Authors: Nsubuga, Yvonne Nakalo
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: Estuarine fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Kowie Estuary , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Kowie Estuary
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:4761 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007154 , Estuarine fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Kowie Estuary , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Kowie Estuary
  • Description: The annual biomass of fish caught from estuaries in South Africa is currently estimated at over 24,800 tons. These estuarine fishes are caught by over 73,000 fishers, most of them recreational. Annual income derived from South Africa’s total estuarine fishery was worth approximately R430,000,000 in 1997. There is increasing concern that unless our estuarine fisheries are effectively managed, we will not be able to sustain these benefits into the future. Two factors that contribute to inadequate management of the estuarine fisheries in South Africa are a lack of data on which to base management decisions, and the lack of indicators by which to assess trends towards sustainability. The main aims of this study were to provide a description of the Kowie estuary fishery, identify suitable indicators of sustainability for this fishery, and assess its sustainability. Boat-based and shore-based roving creel surveys were carried out on the Kowie estuary between July 2000 and June 2001; 1,091 interviews were conducted with linefishers, and 277 interviews with bait collectors. In the boat-based interviews, data were collected on fisher demographics, fishing site, fishing method, choice of bait, fishing duration and catch statistics. In the shore-based surveys, additional data were collected from shore-based linefishers and bait collectors on their perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of fishery regulations. Total annual fishing effort on the Kowie estuary was estimated at 30,952 angler hours (SD=154); 84% of it recreational, and the rest subsistence. Most fishing occurred during December and January, and decreased during winter, especially June and July. The annual yield of fish from the estuary was estimated at 16,240 fish (SD=667) or 5.99 tons (SD=0.81). By number, recreational anglers caught 69% of the annual catch. Three species dominated the catch by number: Rhabdosargus holubi (62%), Pomadasys commersonnii (17%) and Argyrosomus japonicus (7%). By mass, the dominant species caught were Argyrosomus japonicus (60%) and Pomadasys commersonnii (19%). Overall catch rate on the estuary was 0.57 fish.ang.⁻¹h⁻¹ (SD=0.24), or 0.298 kg ang.⁻¹h⁻¹ (SD=0.31). Overall catch rate by number was highest in the subsistence sector at 1.13 fish.ang.⁻¹h⁻¹(SD=0.70), while the boat-based recreational sector recorded the highest overall catch rate by mass (0.427 kg.ang.⁻¹h⁻¹, SD=0.625). Argyrosomus japonicus had the highest overall catch rate by mass on the estuary (0.496 kg ang.⁻¹h⁻¹), and Rhabdosargus holubi the highest overall catch rate by number (1.233 fish.ang.⁻¹h⁻¹). Only 19% of the catch of R. holubi was above the minimum legal size, while the estimates for P. commersonnii and A. japonicus were 21% and 25%, respectively. The annual number of bait collecting outings on the estuary was estimated at 2,889, of which 75% were subsistence. The highest numbers of bait collecting outings were recorded in December and April. The Bay of Biscay was the most popular site for bait collecting. A total of five invertebrate species were collected from the estuary to be used as bait, of which the mud prawn Upogebia africana was the dominant species. Total annual number of mud prawns collected from the estuary was estimated at 260,648; of which 41% was collected by subsistence bait collectors. Thirteen indicators were selected to assess sustainability in three fishery sectors on the Kowie estuary: namely, the shore-based recreational linefishery, the subsistence linefishery and the subsistence bait fishery. Social sustainability was evaluated on the basis of the use fishery resources to fulfil Maslow's basic human needs of food and employment, safety and security, affiliation, self-esteem and selfactualisation. Indicators of ecosystem sustainability assessed the productivity, diversity, disturbance and degree of water quality in the estuary. Institutional sustainability was assessed on the basis that management systems in the fishery should be results-oriented, consent-based, truth-seeking and adaptable. Data on indicator performance was collected during the shore-based roving creel survey, and from published literature. Arbitrarily set reference points were used to assess indicator performance, which was graded on a scale from 1 (indicating minimum probability of sustainability) to 4 (indicating maximum probability of sustainability). Sustainability was illustrated with the aid of amoeba plots. Overall sustainability was low in all three fishery sectors investigated. Nine of the 13 indicators in the shore-based recreational fishery performed poorly, while 11 of 13 in the subsistence line fishery, and 10 of 13 in the subsistence bait fishery, performed poorly. In all three fishery sectors all four selected indicators of institutional sustainability performed poorly. The probability of social sustainability was higher in the shore-based recreational line fishery, where the performance of two of the five selected indicators was very good. The probability of ecological sustainability was lowest in the shore-based recreational linefishery, while in the subsistence linefishery only one selected indicator performed very well. Recommendations made towards assessing sustainability in small-scale estuarine fisheries include the formulation of national policy for assessing sustainability in fisheries, the involvement of fishers in the assessment process, use of fisher perceptions where data gaps exist, and the use of research results to guide future management decisions. Management changes recommended for the Kowie estuary fishery include the formulation of an effective and integrated management plan, identification of the key stakeholders in the fishery, inclusion of fishers in management, the protection of the estuary’s Zostera capensis beds, and the establishment of a programme to increase research and monitoring in the fishery.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Towards the development of species-specific fish production models for small reservoirs in Southern Africa

- Potts, Warren M

  • Authors: Potts, Warren M
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: Freshwater fishes -- Africa, Southern Fish populations -- Africa, Southern Fisheries -- Africa, Southern Sustainable fisheries -- Africa, Southern Labeo -- Reproduction Cyprinidae -- Africa, Southern
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:5330 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005176
  • Description: The fish populations in small southern African reservoirs are largely unexploited and there is potential for fisheries development. However, the development of sustainable fisheries requires reliable estimates of potential yield or production. Empirical models that have been developed to predict fish production only apply to large water bodies and only predict total fish production, not the production of individual species. Small reservoirs generally have few commercially important species and therefore species-specific fish production models are an alternative approach. The small reservoirs of the Eastern Cape are dominated by the moggel (Labeo umbratus). The principal objectives of this thesis were to gain an understanding of the ecology of small reservoirs and the function of moggel in these systems. This information was used to design a research approach to rapidly develop species-specific models for small reservoirs in southern Africa. The limnology of two small reservoirs was compared. During the study period the reservoirs were turbid and showed a warm, monomictic pattern of thermal stratification. Anthropogenic pressure in the reservoir catchments appeared to be the overriding factor increasing the nutrient input to the reservoirs and consequently, influencing the biomass of algae in the reservoirs. The feeding biology of moggel in Katriver and Laing reservoirs was examined. Moggel are detrivorous and successfully digested diatoms. The slower growth rate of moggel in Katriver reservoir was attributed to the poorer nutritional value of the diet as a consequence of the lower concentration of diatoms in the detrital aggregate. The reproductive characteristics of moggel were examined in four reservoirs. Moggel were able to reproduce successfully in the reservoirs. This could be attributed to their r-selected reproductive strategy, with a high fecundity and an extended spawning season and their ability to spawn in a floodplain environment. Differences in recruitment success between years were found to be a consequence of the timing and duration of seasonal rains. The number of mature females in a population and the availability of suitable spawning habitat influenced recruitment success. The life history of the moggel in five reservoirs was compared. Growth appeared to be related to food availability, while mortality was lower in the populations where food was abundant and there were less predatory species. Size and age at maturity were not affected by environmental factors, but were dependent on growth and mortality. Three contrasting methods were used to estimate moggel gillnet selectivity. The Sechin, direct fyke net method and length-structured model all yielded similar results and correction factors obtained from the selectivity study were applied to the gillnet data to estimate the fish population size and structure in each reservoir. Using information from the life history and selectivity studies, the biomass and production of five moggel populations was estimated and related to abiotic and biotic factors in the reservoirs and their catchments. Moggel biomass and production was dependent on the biomass of algae, which was dependent on morphoedaphic characteristics of the reservoirs. Small, shallow reservoirs with a reasonable amount of human habitation in their catchments would sustain the highest algal biomass and provided they had adequate spawning habitat would also have the highest moggel biomass and production. The future research requirements for small reservoir fisheries are outlined and include a three-year program to develop a species-specific production model for any of the dominant species.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Train to Alice

- Ncozana, J., Kese, E., Jafta, B. H., Mbeza, H. F., Hangana, S. A., Composer not specified, Dargie, Dave

Transforming teachers' conceptions of teaching and learning in a post graduate certificate in higher education and training course: the practice of higher education

- Quinn, Lynn, Vorster, Jo-Anne E

  • Authors: Quinn, Lynn , Vorster, Jo-Anne E
  • Date: 2004
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/123465 , vital:35440 , https://doi.org/10.4314/sajhe.v18i1.25449
  • Description: The changing context of higher education and the challenges this presents to lecturers has led to the introduction of accredited professional development courses for academics in some institutions. Many lecturers in higher education are finding that teaching the way they were taught and using the traditional lecture format is no longer always appropriate. If graduates are to function effectively in today's world, lecturers need to create teaching and learning contexts which promote their ability for life-long learning. Research shows that in order to achieve this, students need to be actively engaged in the learning process. This may require shifts in the way lecturers perceive their role. A central theme of the Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education and Training (PGCHET) course discussed in this article is that of the critically reflective practitioner. From the research conducted it is clear that encouraging lecturers to reflect on their practices, to examine the epistemologies underpinning their disciplines along with what that means for teaching and learning, and then presenting them with a range of theoretical frameworks can lead to their developing or changing their conceptions of teaching. However, for the course developers it is also important to understand the factors that may militate against participants implementing new ideas and developing their practice.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Trends and perceptions of sustainabilty reporting and corporate governance : a case study of Eskom

- Fabricius, Karin

  • Authors: Fabricius, Karin
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: Eskom (Firm) King Committee on Corporate Governance Corporate governance -- South Africa Corporation reports -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
  • Identifier: vital:826 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011782
  • Description: The King II Report on Corporate Governance was released in March 2002. This report, although focusing on South African businesses, is acclaimed as a world first in setting superior governance standards. Corporate governance in South Africa is undergoing transformation due to the influence of the King II Report, and a range of other global trends such as Global Reporting Initiative guidelines and the infamous collapse of Enron due to governance failures. Non-financial reporting (also referred to as sustainability reporting) forms the main focus of this research project. The financial reporting aspects of corporate governance, and the role of governing boards and auditors fall outside the scope of this study. Through document analysis methods, Eskom's annual reports from 1998 - 2002, were analysed to establish whether patterns in sustainability reporting were identifiable. Employees and consumers of Eskom were. interviewed, using structured interviews to explore their awareness and knowledge regarding sustainability issues. A drastic increase in Eskom's non-financial reporting was identified in 2000. Apart from the corporate governance category, none of the chosen categories showed a major change after the 2002 release of the King II Report. Possible reasons for the lack of clear trends since 2002 are that the pattern is either not yet visible or it could be speculated that Eskom, who had won various reporting awards, is a leader in the field of corporate reporting and specifically on sustainability issues. Eskom had been involved in the reviewing of the first King Report and the drawing up of the recommendations for King II, and could therefore have modified their reporting procedures in 2000, prior'to the release of King II. As shown in the trend analysis, companies are coming under increased pressure to be socially accountable and transparent. This is fast becoming a 'core business issue', illustrated by the status of the King II Report requirements for corporate governance. Even though the terminology 'sustainability reporting' is unfamiliar to employees and consumers, both groups want disclosure and transparency of sustainability issues. Employees were, however, more aware than consumers of Eskom policies regarding sustainability issues. This report recommends that companies take a pro-active approach to corporate governance and sustainability reporting, noting the desire of consumers and employees to be informed about non-financial issues. These stakeholders also need to be made more aware of the meaning and significance of sustainability reporting.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Tshintsha, muntu muntu

- Rodolo, L. S., Dubeni, N., Mgidi, A., Nduna, S., Dubeni, T., Dargie, Dave

Uhadi medley

- Group performance, Group Composition, Dargie, Dave

Umabatha: global and local

- Wright, Laurence

  • Authors: Wright, Laurence
  • Date: 2004
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: vital:7032 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007364 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00138390408691324
  • Description: preprint , There can be few shows that test the dimensions and pitfalls of 'globalised' theatre as thoroughly as Welcome Msomi's Umabatha. The worldwide success of the show, in box-office terms, can hardly be argued with. And yet, in its very conception, the vehicle is so riven by intrinsic cultural, theatrical, class and 'nationist' tensions that different audiences cannot but reap utterly different experiences, depending on their own cultural and intellectual inheritance.The show is an instance where theatre practice (sometimes) obfuscates political and aesthetic discourse, showing how easily cultures miss each other and fail to connect, and how easily specific historical, geographical and imperial associations are swamped by shallow 'globalised' audience response.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Unfair discrimination in employment

- Gixana-Khambule, Bulelwa Judith

  • Authors: Gixana-Khambule, Bulelwa Judith
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: Discrimination in employment -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Unfair labor practices -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
  • Identifier: vital:11059 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/359 , Discrimination in employment -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Unfair labor practices -- South Africa
  • Description: In this treatise the South African law relating to unfair discrimination is discussed. The development is traced from the previous dispensation and the few pronouncements of the Industrial Court on discrimination in employment. Thereafter the actual provisions in the law presently applicable, including the Constitution is considered. With reference to leading cases the issue of positive discrimination by adopting affirmative action measures is evaluated and reference is made to other defences like inherent requirements for the job and a general fairness defence. The conclusion is reached that South African law is developing to give effect to the notion of substantive equality with a view to eradicate the systematic discrimination of the past.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Using visuals to communicate medicine information to patients with low literacy:

- Dowse, Roslind

  • Authors: Dowse, Roslind
  • Date: 2004
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156958 , vital:40073 , https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/104515950401500106
  • Description: The patient was adamant that she had taken her medicine as instructed, pointing to the visual (Visual 1) illustrating the instructions to endorse this. Via an interpreter, she communicated that she took her tablet three times during the day and once at night (which was correct), but only on those days when the sun was shining (not on cloudy days) and the moon was visible (depending on both cloud cover and phases of the moon).
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  • Date Issued: 2004

uThemba wophukile

- Rodolo, L. S., Xakayi, S., Nduna, S., Dubeni, N., Dargie, Dave

Uyolingena

- Group performance, Group Composition, Dargie, Dave

Uyon' uyabaleka

- Group performance, Group Composition, Dargie, Dave

Variability in and coupling of larval availability and settlement of the mussel Perna perna : a spatio-temporal approach

- Porri, Francesca

  • Authors: Porri, Francesca
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: Mussels -- South Africa Perna -- South Africa Perna -- Spawning Perna -- Larvae
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:5796 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005484
  • Description: Population dynamics of many intertidal organisms are highly influenced by the abundance and distribution of planktonic larvae in the water column and their arrival on the shore. The brown mussel, Perna perna was used to investigate two of the primary processes that affect population size and dynamics, larval availability and settlement, on the south coast of South Africa. Perna perna is a dominant species on rocky shores of the southern and eastern coasts of South Africa. It creates three-dimensional beds that provide habitats for many other species and hence promotes biodiversity. Larval availability and settlement were examined at different spatial and temporal scales using a nested experimental design. To detect possible relationships between larval availability and settlement, the studies were simultaneous. Two sites, 4km apart, were chosen to investigate mussel settlement patterns. Within each site, three locations (300m from each other) were selected. At each location, five artificial settler collectors were placed at approximately 20cm intervals. Collectors were replaced at a range of time intervals, from daily to seasonal, for 16 months. Each intertidal location was paired with an offshore station, 500m from the shore, where larval availability was measured. At each offshore station, three vertical hauls were collected twice a month using a plankton net. Plankton sampling lasted for 14 months and was designed to examine variability on three temporal scales: seasonal, lunar and daily. The results showed no correlation between the distribution of larvae in the water and settlers on the shore. While larvae were abundant in the water at the start of sampling, they became very rare throughout the rest of the study at both sites and all locations. In contrast, distinct peaks of settler abundance were observed during the seasonal settlement study. In addition to the expected, strong temporal variation that emerged from both studies at all time scales, spatial patterns of variability were also observed. While no spatial effect was detected for the larvae in the water column, there was distinct spatial variation in settlement at the location level: some locations always showed higher settlement than others. These results suggest that, on scales of hundreds of meters to kilometers, larval availability and settlement are very unpredictable in time and that differential delivery of larvae occurs from nearshore waters to the shore. Although the effect of the state of the moon (new or full) was not significant in either study, more settlers seemed to arrive on the shore during new moon. Wind direction did not correlate significantly with settlement. However, the dropping of offshore winds and the prevalence of onshore winds, which are characteristic of summer, may be linked to the start of settlement. Nevertheless, further investigations on tidal or lunar cycles and on the influence of wind on surface currents are required to clarify the effects of moon and wind on settlement.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Variability in pH, fCO2, oxygen and flux of CO2 in the surface water along a transect in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

- Chierici, M, Fransson, A, Turner, D R, Pakhomov, E A, Froneman, Pierre William

  • Authors: Chierici, M , Fransson, A , Turner, D R , Pakhomov, E A , Froneman, Pierre William
  • Date: 2004
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6847 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011105
  • Description: Underway sampling and measurements of pH, fCO2, oxygen and Chlorophyll a (Chl a) were performed in the surface waters from Cape Town (South Africa) to Queen Maud Land (Antarctica) in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer 1997/1998. From direct measurements of these parameters and from calculated fCO2 the oceanic carbon dioxide system was studied and related to hydrological and biological parameters. fCO2 was in general undersaturated relative to the atmosphere and showed a large variability with values ranging from 313 to 377 μatm with a mean value of 346±13 μatm. The undersaturation was more pronounced in areas associated with fronts where high Chl a and high pH in situ values were observed. Using shipboard wind speed data, estimates of the CO2 flux were made along the transect and during three mesoscale surveys on the northward return transect in the area of the Spring Ice Edge (SIE), the Winter Ice Edge (WIE) and in the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). The undersaturation observed during the transect caused the ocean to act as a sink for CO2 with a mean sea–air flux for the entire transect of −3±5 mmol m−2 d−1 with a large variability between −20 mmol m−2 d−1 (oceanic uptake) to 1.3 mmol m−2 d−1 (oceanic source). The lowest fCO2 values (largest oceanic uptake of CO2) were found at the southern boundary of the APF at 53°S, which coincided with a supersaturation in oxygen and high pH values. Oxygen concentrations were measured from 50°S to 63°S and varied between 324 and 359 μmol kg−1 with a mean value of 347±9 μmol kg−1. In general only small deviations from equilibrium oxygen saturation were observed (mean value=99±2%). However, in the SIE oxygen was clearly undersaturated, probably an effect of upwelling of oxygen poor deep water which had not yet been compensated for by biological production. Three weeks later, the ice edge had retreated in the SIE region and the Chl a concentration had increased three-fold, suggesting the start of a phytoplankton bloom. This was also seen in the oxygen concentration which had increased and showed supersaturation. This coincided with an increased oceanic uptake of CO2 in the SIE during the mesoscale survey.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Wearing your PIM: experiments with an audio enhanced PIM

- Tsegaye, Melekam, Bangay, Shaun D, Terzoli, Alfredo

  • Authors: Tsegaye, Melekam , Bangay, Shaun D , Terzoli, Alfredo
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: To be catalogued
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432854 , vital:72904 , https://www.cs.ru.ac.za/research/g98t4414/static/papers/wpimfinal.pdf
  • Description: PIM systems help organise people’s lives by providing address book, schedule and task management facilities. Current PIM’s manage this information by collecting and storing it as textual data. With the advent of the wearable computer, using text only is no longer an efficient and convenient mechanism for managing personal information. A wearable computer should use data from various sensors (video, audio, location, environmental, user state) to organise personal information. In this paper we examine how audio can be used to enhance the facilities provided by text-only PIM’s and present an example implementation of an audio based wearable PIM (wPIM) that has the capability of storing and retrieving PIM information as audio recordings. The results of the user evaluation we conducted, which was carried out outside of the laboratory, suggests that users strongly accept audio as a way to manage their personal information and to augment their memory, supporting our hypothesis that audio enhances wearable personal information management.
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  • Date Issued: 2004

Wenyuk' umziyoni

- Group performance, Group Composition, Dargie, Dave

World view theory and the conceptualisation of space in mathematics education:

- Schäfer, Marc

  • Authors: Schäfer, Marc
  • Date: 2004
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141052 , vital:37940 , DOI: 10.4102/pythagoras.v0i59.127
  • Description: The cornerstone of current education trends that recognise prior knowledge as fundamental to the learning process, is the notion that beliefs and experiences that learners bring to the classroom influence their learning experiences in the classroom (Cobern, Gibson and Underwood, 1999).
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  • Date Issued: 2004
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