Changing practices, changing values?: a Bernsteinian analysis of knowledge production and knowledge exchange in two UK universities
- Little, Brenda, Abbas, Andrea, Singh, Mala
- Authors: Little, Brenda , Abbas, Andrea , Singh, Mala
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66934 , vital:29002 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7369-0_8
- Description: publisher version , Bernstein’s concept of classification and framing links notions of knowledge, democracy and social justice, providing a perspective from which to address critical questions of what knowledge is produced, who has access to it, and how knowledge is distributed. Bernstein’s conceptual framework is used to inform an analysis of national policies steering knowledge production and knowledge transfer in the UK, and the changing practices and values associated with knowledge production and knowledge transfer in two UK institutional case study universities. The analysis reveals how reputational and financial consequences of the formal assessment of research quality interacts with the institutional and disciplinary contexts of research units to differently shape what knowledge is valued and produced, and with whom it is shared. Five discursive areas, each involving a complex set of classifications (power) and framings (control) are identified, namely: the national research assessment framework; the economic value of research; discourses of social and academic values; academic freedoms; and mixed-discipline research and the interdisciplinary nature of real world problems. Though competing and sometimes contradictory values seem to underlie academics’ knowledge work, it seems that the strong framing for knowledge production and knowledge exchange provided by national policies steers staff efforts towards economised codes of knowledge. The conclusion suggests that such a strong steer does not value social transformation in all its diverse non-economistic dimensions and limits universities’ potential to transform societies to further social justice.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Little, Brenda , Abbas, Andrea , Singh, Mala
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66934 , vital:29002 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7369-0_8
- Description: publisher version , Bernstein’s concept of classification and framing links notions of knowledge, democracy and social justice, providing a perspective from which to address critical questions of what knowledge is produced, who has access to it, and how knowledge is distributed. Bernstein’s conceptual framework is used to inform an analysis of national policies steering knowledge production and knowledge transfer in the UK, and the changing practices and values associated with knowledge production and knowledge transfer in two UK institutional case study universities. The analysis reveals how reputational and financial consequences of the formal assessment of research quality interacts with the institutional and disciplinary contexts of research units to differently shape what knowledge is valued and produced, and with whom it is shared. Five discursive areas, each involving a complex set of classifications (power) and framings (control) are identified, namely: the national research assessment framework; the economic value of research; discourses of social and academic values; academic freedoms; and mixed-discipline research and the interdisciplinary nature of real world problems. Though competing and sometimes contradictory values seem to underlie academics’ knowledge work, it seems that the strong framing for knowledge production and knowledge exchange provided by national policies steers staff efforts towards economised codes of knowledge. The conclusion suggests that such a strong steer does not value social transformation in all its diverse non-economistic dimensions and limits universities’ potential to transform societies to further social justice.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Characterisation of selected municipal organic waste for energy conversion through gasification
- Authors: Ngubelanga, Nolitha
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Biomass gasification Sewage -- Purification Biomass energy Renewable energy sources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11020 , vital:36682
- Description: Biomass gasification has become a study of great interest over the years and plant biomass with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin found to be an ideal resource for conversion into heat and power through thermochemical processes such as gasification. The inadequate supply of the energy in the country has become critical with the national energy provider struggling to meet the energy demands of the ever growing population of South Africa. The depletion of natural resources and the unstable prices as well as the cost of transporting the fuels together with the environmental effects of burning fossil fuels are contributing factors to the energy crisis. Alternative sources of energy that are locally available, sustainable, and environmentally friendly are presently in demand as municipal organic wastes has been considered a source of renewable energy with gasification deemed one of the leading edge technologies to harness the energy. This research only studied the characteristics and kinetics of selected municipal organic waste including decaying wood, tomatoes, onions, cabbage, butternut and bones. The research did not involve the gasification process because of expenses associated with gasification processes, however, this has been considered as future studies under the conditions of available resources to carry out the actual gasification experiments. The characteristics of selected municipal organic wastes for energy conversion through gasification were actually investigated in this study and the implication of the value of each property interpreted in relation to gasification with specific reference to information available in the literature. Proximate analysis conducted on the wastes indicate that the physical properties in terms of the weight percentages of moisture, volatile matter fixed carbon and ash contents of the wastes vary considerably, especially with regards to the last three properties. The reason for this wide variation was attributed to the source of the wastes and the standard of living of the people vi in the area where the wastes were collected. However, the values obtained for these properties are within limits for the wastes to be adequately used as feedstocks in a gasification process, except for their content of ash, which was significantly high in all of the wastes for the aforementioned reasons. The ultimate analysis of the wastes as determined using the Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy gave the percentage composition of the chemical elements present in the wastes, which suggest that carbon is the chief elemental constituent of the wastes. The highest carbon content of about 47% was recorded for bone due again to the reasons previously adduced. According to McKendry, 2002, the high carbon content of the wastes implies increased calorific value as well as increased gas production during gasification. A number of ash–forming elements were also found in the wastes, which included magnesium and potassium in low concentrations that does not pose any technical challenges during gasification, although their concentration may increase under high temperature gasification, which may equally result to some catalytic effect that would contribute to the overall gasification efficiency (Anukam et al., 2016). Calorific value analysis also suggests that the wastes contain reasonable amount of energy that can be converted to useful energy through gasification. Although, variation in calorific value was also noted, the highest calorific value of about 18 MJ/kg was recoded for bones, which correlates its data on the highest carbon content of all wastes. However, the data on the calorific value of the wastes suggests that the wastes are well suited for gasification by virtue of their calorific value. FTIR analysis revealed the major functional groups present in the internal structure of the wastes. The common functional groups observed were the OH group found in the band around 3600–3400cm-1 for most of the wastes; the C–H stretching band at 2970-2780 cm-1; and the C–O as well as the C–O–C observed in the region of 1740–1710 cm-1 and 1250-1220 cm-1 for all samples, respectively. Most functional group in the internal structures of gasification feedstocks function to facilitate faster vii rates of reaction and consequently faster rates of gasification that contributes to optimum efficiency under any conditions of gasification (Anukam et al., 2016). While thermogravimetric analysis established thermal parameters that are likely to have positive influence on the gasification of the wastes, kinetic investigation revealed two parameters that may also impact on the gasification of the wastes. These are activation energy and pre–exponential factor, which were found to be in good agreement with the values obtained in the literature even though variation in these parameters was noted. The values obtained for activation energy and pre–exponential factor using the Kissinger method of kinetic analysis showed a far less value for these two parameters when compared to commonly used feedstocks like wood and coal. This was a reason attributed to the chemical characteristics of the wastes, mainly their lower content of carbon compared to these two (wood and coal) commonly used fuels.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Ngubelanga, Nolitha
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Biomass gasification Sewage -- Purification Biomass energy Renewable energy sources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/11020 , vital:36682
- Description: Biomass gasification has become a study of great interest over the years and plant biomass with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin found to be an ideal resource for conversion into heat and power through thermochemical processes such as gasification. The inadequate supply of the energy in the country has become critical with the national energy provider struggling to meet the energy demands of the ever growing population of South Africa. The depletion of natural resources and the unstable prices as well as the cost of transporting the fuels together with the environmental effects of burning fossil fuels are contributing factors to the energy crisis. Alternative sources of energy that are locally available, sustainable, and environmentally friendly are presently in demand as municipal organic wastes has been considered a source of renewable energy with gasification deemed one of the leading edge technologies to harness the energy. This research only studied the characteristics and kinetics of selected municipal organic waste including decaying wood, tomatoes, onions, cabbage, butternut and bones. The research did not involve the gasification process because of expenses associated with gasification processes, however, this has been considered as future studies under the conditions of available resources to carry out the actual gasification experiments. The characteristics of selected municipal organic wastes for energy conversion through gasification were actually investigated in this study and the implication of the value of each property interpreted in relation to gasification with specific reference to information available in the literature. Proximate analysis conducted on the wastes indicate that the physical properties in terms of the weight percentages of moisture, volatile matter fixed carbon and ash contents of the wastes vary considerably, especially with regards to the last three properties. The reason for this wide variation was attributed to the source of the wastes and the standard of living of the people vi in the area where the wastes were collected. However, the values obtained for these properties are within limits for the wastes to be adequately used as feedstocks in a gasification process, except for their content of ash, which was significantly high in all of the wastes for the aforementioned reasons. The ultimate analysis of the wastes as determined using the Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy gave the percentage composition of the chemical elements present in the wastes, which suggest that carbon is the chief elemental constituent of the wastes. The highest carbon content of about 47% was recorded for bone due again to the reasons previously adduced. According to McKendry, 2002, the high carbon content of the wastes implies increased calorific value as well as increased gas production during gasification. A number of ash–forming elements were also found in the wastes, which included magnesium and potassium in low concentrations that does not pose any technical challenges during gasification, although their concentration may increase under high temperature gasification, which may equally result to some catalytic effect that would contribute to the overall gasification efficiency (Anukam et al., 2016). Calorific value analysis also suggests that the wastes contain reasonable amount of energy that can be converted to useful energy through gasification. Although, variation in calorific value was also noted, the highest calorific value of about 18 MJ/kg was recoded for bones, which correlates its data on the highest carbon content of all wastes. However, the data on the calorific value of the wastes suggests that the wastes are well suited for gasification by virtue of their calorific value. FTIR analysis revealed the major functional groups present in the internal structure of the wastes. The common functional groups observed were the OH group found in the band around 3600–3400cm-1 for most of the wastes; the C–H stretching band at 2970-2780 cm-1; and the C–O as well as the C–O–C observed in the region of 1740–1710 cm-1 and 1250-1220 cm-1 for all samples, respectively. Most functional group in the internal structures of gasification feedstocks function to facilitate faster vii rates of reaction and consequently faster rates of gasification that contributes to optimum efficiency under any conditions of gasification (Anukam et al., 2016). While thermogravimetric analysis established thermal parameters that are likely to have positive influence on the gasification of the wastes, kinetic investigation revealed two parameters that may also impact on the gasification of the wastes. These are activation energy and pre–exponential factor, which were found to be in good agreement with the values obtained in the literature even though variation in these parameters was noted. The values obtained for activation energy and pre–exponential factor using the Kissinger method of kinetic analysis showed a far less value for these two parameters when compared to commonly used feedstocks like wood and coal. This was a reason attributed to the chemical characteristics of the wastes, mainly their lower content of carbon compared to these two (wood and coal) commonly used fuels.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Characterisation of the production and consumption of milk in the communal livestock production sector of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Kumbirai, Kaguru Tinashe
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Milk consumption -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Dairy farming -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3066 , vital:28251
- Description: The study was conducted in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa with the objective of characterising milk production and consumption among the communal households. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through a single visit survey between June 2014 and May 2015. The study was undertaken in five randomly selected communal districts using a multi – stage area probability sampling method. Household sample size was calculated using a statistical methodology through a fixed formula based on a rural population size of 4410000, at a confidence level of 95 percent. A total of 500 households were selected with a sample size of 20 households in 5 communities within five different communal districts within the province. Half of the total sample size was used to represent the number of non-milk producing households (250) to get a true reflection on consumption profiles for nonproducers. Across the province the average communal family size was between 5-10 members with a monthly income of ZAR1340 per household. On average, pasture land size of the sampled households was 1 ha, with a range of 0.25-1.7 ha. The numbers of animals per species found in the studied province was highest for sheep (310) followed by cattle (227) and goat (87). Average livestock holding per household in the study area was 9.85 TLU (Tropical Livestock Unit). According to the respondents the predominant milking livestock numbers were between 1-3 animals milking per household. In the studied area traditional hand milking of livestock was the major milking practices at 12 percent in goats, 15 percent in sheep and 45 percent in cattle milk production. Consumption was the predominant reason for milk production recorded at 27 percent across the province. Milk production was 43 percent most preferred in cattle followed by 32 percent in goat and least at 29 percent in sheep across the province. In general, from the study it was noted that the majority (38 percent) of the respondents across the province indicated 0-5mins as the time it took to milk most milk producing livestock. The majority of the milking practices was done (37 percent) predominantly once a day, followed by 2 percent twice daily across the province. The daily milk production was on average (0.45±1.07) 2-5 litre in cattle, (4.86±0.814) 0-1litre in goats and (2.62±0.42) 0-1 litre sheep per producing house hold with in the province The monthly raw milk consumption in the province was (2.20± 1.42) 2-5 litres of cattle milk, (4.78±0.79) 2-5 litres of goat milk and (4.98±0.69) 2-5 litres of sheep milk per consuming household.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Kumbirai, Kaguru Tinashe
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Milk consumption -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Dairy farming -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/3066 , vital:28251
- Description: The study was conducted in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa with the objective of characterising milk production and consumption among the communal households. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through a single visit survey between June 2014 and May 2015. The study was undertaken in five randomly selected communal districts using a multi – stage area probability sampling method. Household sample size was calculated using a statistical methodology through a fixed formula based on a rural population size of 4410000, at a confidence level of 95 percent. A total of 500 households were selected with a sample size of 20 households in 5 communities within five different communal districts within the province. Half of the total sample size was used to represent the number of non-milk producing households (250) to get a true reflection on consumption profiles for nonproducers. Across the province the average communal family size was between 5-10 members with a monthly income of ZAR1340 per household. On average, pasture land size of the sampled households was 1 ha, with a range of 0.25-1.7 ha. The numbers of animals per species found in the studied province was highest for sheep (310) followed by cattle (227) and goat (87). Average livestock holding per household in the study area was 9.85 TLU (Tropical Livestock Unit). According to the respondents the predominant milking livestock numbers were between 1-3 animals milking per household. In the studied area traditional hand milking of livestock was the major milking practices at 12 percent in goats, 15 percent in sheep and 45 percent in cattle milk production. Consumption was the predominant reason for milk production recorded at 27 percent across the province. Milk production was 43 percent most preferred in cattle followed by 32 percent in goat and least at 29 percent in sheep across the province. In general, from the study it was noted that the majority (38 percent) of the respondents across the province indicated 0-5mins as the time it took to milk most milk producing livestock. The majority of the milking practices was done (37 percent) predominantly once a day, followed by 2 percent twice daily across the province. The daily milk production was on average (0.45±1.07) 2-5 litre in cattle, (4.86±0.814) 0-1litre in goats and (2.62±0.42) 0-1 litre sheep per producing house hold with in the province The monthly raw milk consumption in the province was (2.20± 1.42) 2-5 litres of cattle milk, (4.78±0.79) 2-5 litres of goat milk and (4.98±0.69) 2-5 litres of sheep milk per consuming household.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Characterization and Analysis of NTP Amplifier Traffic
- Rudman, Lauren, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Rudman, Lauren , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429482 , vital:72616 , 10.23919/SAIEE.2016.8531542
- Description: Network Time Protocol based DDoS attacks saw a lot of popularity throughout 2014. This paper shows the characterization and analysis of two large datasets containing packets from NTP based DDoS attacks captured in South Africa. Using a series of Python based tools, the dataset is analysed according to specific parts of the packet headers. These include the source IP address and Time-to-Live (TTL) values. The analysis found the top source addresses and looked at the TTL values observed for each address. These TTL values can be used to calculate the probable operating system or DDoS attack tool used by an attacker. We found that each TTL value seen for an address can indicate the number of hosts attacking the address or indicate minor routing changes. The Time-to-Live values are then analysed as a whole to find the total number used throughout each attack. The most frequent TTL values are then found and show that the majority of them indicate the attackers are using an initial TTL of 255. This value can indicate the use of a certain DDoS tool that creates packets with that exact initial TTL. The TTL values are then put into groups that can show the number of IP addresses a group of hosts are targeting. The paper discusses our work with two brief case studies correlating observed data to real-world attacks, and the observable impact thereof.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Rudman, Lauren , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429482 , vital:72616 , 10.23919/SAIEE.2016.8531542
- Description: Network Time Protocol based DDoS attacks saw a lot of popularity throughout 2014. This paper shows the characterization and analysis of two large datasets containing packets from NTP based DDoS attacks captured in South Africa. Using a series of Python based tools, the dataset is analysed according to specific parts of the packet headers. These include the source IP address and Time-to-Live (TTL) values. The analysis found the top source addresses and looked at the TTL values observed for each address. These TTL values can be used to calculate the probable operating system or DDoS attack tool used by an attacker. We found that each TTL value seen for an address can indicate the number of hosts attacking the address or indicate minor routing changes. The Time-to-Live values are then analysed as a whole to find the total number used throughout each attack. The most frequent TTL values are then found and show that the majority of them indicate the attackers are using an initial TTL of 255. This value can indicate the use of a certain DDoS tool that creates packets with that exact initial TTL. The TTL values are then put into groups that can show the number of IP addresses a group of hosts are targeting. The paper discusses our work with two brief case studies correlating observed data to real-world attacks, and the observable impact thereof.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Characterization and Electrocatalytic Activity of Nanocomposites Consisting of Nanosized Cobalt Tetraaminophenoxy Phthalocyanine, Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanoparticles
- Shumba, Munyaradzi, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Shumba, Munyaradzi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188659 , vital:44773 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201501058"
- Description: Glassy carbon electrodes were modified with composites containing cobalt tetraaminophenoxy phthalocyanine nanoparticles (CoTAPhPcNP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and gold nanorods (AuNRs). The modified electrodes were studied for their electrocatalytic behavior towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Phthalocyanine nanoparticles significantly improved electron transfer kinetics as compared to phthalocyanines which are not in the nanoparticle form when alone or in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). CoTAPhPcNP-MWCNT-GCE proved to be suitable for hydrogen peroxide detection with a catalytic rate constant of 3.45×103 M−1 s−1 and a detection limit of 1.61×10−7 M. Adsorption Gibbs free energy ΔGo was found to be −19.22 kJ mol−1 for CoTAPhPcNP-MWCNT-GCE.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Shumba, Munyaradzi , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/188659 , vital:44773 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201501058"
- Description: Glassy carbon electrodes were modified with composites containing cobalt tetraaminophenoxy phthalocyanine nanoparticles (CoTAPhPcNP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and gold nanorods (AuNRs). The modified electrodes were studied for their electrocatalytic behavior towards the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Phthalocyanine nanoparticles significantly improved electron transfer kinetics as compared to phthalocyanines which are not in the nanoparticle form when alone or in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). CoTAPhPcNP-MWCNT-GCE proved to be suitable for hydrogen peroxide detection with a catalytic rate constant of 3.45×103 M−1 s−1 and a detection limit of 1.61×10−7 M. Adsorption Gibbs free energy ΔGo was found to be −19.22 kJ mol−1 for CoTAPhPcNP-MWCNT-GCE.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Characterization of various garden grass species for energy conversion in a down draft biomass gasifier
- Authors: Mkosi, Lungisa
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Biomass energy Greenhouse gases Renewable energy sources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5817 , vital:29399
- Description: Energy plays a vital role in socio-economic development and raising living standards of human beings. The overreliance on fossil fuels results in the depletion of fossil fuels as well as environmental pollution from the green-house gases that result from the use of fossil fuels. Biomass feedstock are able to ameliorate this situation by utilizing the CO2 that has been used by plants during photosynthesis. This study investigated the suitability of the three garden grass species (Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon and Pennisetum clandestum) as biomass feedstock for gasification purposes. The three garden grass species were collected at the Alice Campus of the University of Fort Hare. These grass species were characterized using elemental analyser (CHNS), FT-IR, EDX and TGA. The Activation energy (Ea) of the three grass species were 48.22 kJ/mol for P. clandestum, 36.8 kJ/mol for C. gayana and 258 kJ/mol for C. dactylon. Of the three grass species, C. gayana had the lowest Activation energy of 36.8 kJ/mol and also had the highest maximum efficiency of 69 percent compared to 65.3 percent for P. clandestum and 63.5 percent for C. dactylon. Actual gasification was not carried out but the results on maximum efficiency were obtained from computer simulation of gasification.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Mkosi, Lungisa
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Biomass energy Greenhouse gases Renewable energy sources
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5817 , vital:29399
- Description: Energy plays a vital role in socio-economic development and raising living standards of human beings. The overreliance on fossil fuels results in the depletion of fossil fuels as well as environmental pollution from the green-house gases that result from the use of fossil fuels. Biomass feedstock are able to ameliorate this situation by utilizing the CO2 that has been used by plants during photosynthesis. This study investigated the suitability of the three garden grass species (Chloris gayana, Cynodon dactylon and Pennisetum clandestum) as biomass feedstock for gasification purposes. The three garden grass species were collected at the Alice Campus of the University of Fort Hare. These grass species were characterized using elemental analyser (CHNS), FT-IR, EDX and TGA. The Activation energy (Ea) of the three grass species were 48.22 kJ/mol for P. clandestum, 36.8 kJ/mol for C. gayana and 258 kJ/mol for C. dactylon. Of the three grass species, C. gayana had the lowest Activation energy of 36.8 kJ/mol and also had the highest maximum efficiency of 69 percent compared to 65.3 percent for P. clandestum and 63.5 percent for C. dactylon. Actual gasification was not carried out but the results on maximum efficiency were obtained from computer simulation of gasification.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Child tastes traditional beer
- Unamed
- Authors: Unamed
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: UNCATALOGUED
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/219731 , vital:48552 , KHP-182
- Description: Picture of child tasting traditional beer , Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/) (NEVER CAHNGE THIS FIELD)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Unamed
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: UNCATALOGUED
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/219731 , vital:48552 , KHP-182
- Description: Picture of child tasting traditional beer , Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/) (NEVER CAHNGE THIS FIELD)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Church Members Singing And Dancing
- Authors: Cburch Members
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: UNCATALOGUED
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/219848 , vital:48563 , KHP-194
- Description: United Israel Church In Zion SA Church Dancing and Singing In House , Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/) (NEVER CAHNGE THIS FIELD)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Cburch Members
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: UNCATALOGUED
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/219848 , vital:48563 , KHP-194
- Description: United Israel Church In Zion SA Church Dancing and Singing In House , Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/) (NEVER CAHNGE THIS FIELD)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Church Members Singing And Dancing With Dr McConnachie
- Cburch Members And Dr McConnachie
- Authors: Cburch Members And Dr McConnachie
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: UNCATALOGUED
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/219859 , vital:48564 , KHP-195
- Description: United Israel Church In Zion SA Church Dancing and Singing In House , Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/) (NEVER CAHNGE THIS FIELD)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Cburch Members And Dr McConnachie
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: UNCATALOGUED
- Type: Image
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/219859 , vital:48564 , KHP-195
- Description: United Israel Church In Zion SA Church Dancing and Singing In House , Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/) (NEVER CAHNGE THIS FIELD)
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Citizen Monitoring of the NWRS2. WRC report 2313
- Wilson, Jessica, Munnik, Victor, Burt, Jane C, Pereira, Taryn, Ngcozela, Thabang, Lusithi, Thabo, Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Authors: Wilson, Jessica , Munnik, Victor , Burt, Jane C , Pereira, Taryn , Ngcozela, Thabang , Lusithi, Thabo , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432979 , vital:72920 , xlink:href="https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/2313%20_final.pdf"
- Description: In 2014, the South African Water Caucus (SAWC), a network of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs) who are active in the water sector, embarked on a social learning and action research journey supported by the South African Water Research Commission (WRC) to deepen its monitoring of South Africa’s Second National Water Resources Strategy (NWRS2). They focused on three issues in three cases study areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Wilson, Jessica , Munnik, Victor , Burt, Jane C , Pereira, Taryn , Ngcozela, Thabang , Lusithi, Thabo , Lotz-Sisitka, Heila
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432979 , vital:72920 , xlink:href="https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/2313%20_final.pdf"
- Description: In 2014, the South African Water Caucus (SAWC), a network of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs) who are active in the water sector, embarked on a social learning and action research journey supported by the South African Water Research Commission (WRC) to deepen its monitoring of South Africa’s Second National Water Resources Strategy (NWRS2). They focused on three issues in three cases study areas.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Class actions as a means of enhancing access to justice in South Africa
- Authors: Marumo, Tladi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3723 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021267
- Description: 21 years into democracy South Africa is marked by starkly contrasting experiences in the lives of its citizens. For some few, theirs remains a society defined by opulence and social, economic and political entitlements that accompany it. For a few beneficiaries, democracy has brought with it remarkable changes which have translated through their lives in economic, political and socialempowerment and wellbeing. Accompanying these changes has been the establishment and importantly, the enhancement of access to modern political and legal democratic and participatoryinstitutions of governance for these citizens. And yet, for the remaining majority of South Africans, their experience is marked by social and economic deprivation, poverty and vulnerability. These latter experiences are attributable to the historical legacy of colonialism and apartheid which continues to present itself in the form of persistent poverty and inequality in a ‘new South Africa.’ It is within this new South Africa, that this deprivation is further exacerbated by an increasingly unaccountable and unresponsive government ‘at war with its citizens.’ Service delivery protests, then have become a (if not the) way in which the poor and vulnerable get together as a collective, to try and take on the government in way they know how within their means, on deprivations of housing, electricity, water, sanitation, social assistance, healthcare and education. Finding an alternative legal means, whereby poor and vulnerable people themselves, may address these challenges is in the purpose of this thesis. However, the emphasis is not on addressing the plight of vulnerable groups through dependency from outside help, but on finding a means in which the agency (albeit constrained) of people to address their own concerns is recognised. The work investigates how law can enhance the collective agency of poor people to change their socioeconomic circumstances. In particular I investigate how the class action, a legal device which can enable people to come together collectively as a class in litigation for the enforcement of their rights of access to housing, electricity, water, sanitation, social assistance, healthcare and education, can achieve this. I provide recommendations on legal reform on how best access to courts can be made easier through the removal of barriers for impoverished communities to collectively enforce their socio-economic rights. I position the Regulation of Gatherings Act, a legislation which is aimed at affording legal protection to protest action, as a as accessible gateway into towards class litigation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Marumo, Tladi
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:3723 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021267
- Description: 21 years into democracy South Africa is marked by starkly contrasting experiences in the lives of its citizens. For some few, theirs remains a society defined by opulence and social, economic and political entitlements that accompany it. For a few beneficiaries, democracy has brought with it remarkable changes which have translated through their lives in economic, political and socialempowerment and wellbeing. Accompanying these changes has been the establishment and importantly, the enhancement of access to modern political and legal democratic and participatoryinstitutions of governance for these citizens. And yet, for the remaining majority of South Africans, their experience is marked by social and economic deprivation, poverty and vulnerability. These latter experiences are attributable to the historical legacy of colonialism and apartheid which continues to present itself in the form of persistent poverty and inequality in a ‘new South Africa.’ It is within this new South Africa, that this deprivation is further exacerbated by an increasingly unaccountable and unresponsive government ‘at war with its citizens.’ Service delivery protests, then have become a (if not the) way in which the poor and vulnerable get together as a collective, to try and take on the government in way they know how within their means, on deprivations of housing, electricity, water, sanitation, social assistance, healthcare and education. Finding an alternative legal means, whereby poor and vulnerable people themselves, may address these challenges is in the purpose of this thesis. However, the emphasis is not on addressing the plight of vulnerable groups through dependency from outside help, but on finding a means in which the agency (albeit constrained) of people to address their own concerns is recognised. The work investigates how law can enhance the collective agency of poor people to change their socioeconomic circumstances. In particular I investigate how the class action, a legal device which can enable people to come together collectively as a class in litigation for the enforcement of their rights of access to housing, electricity, water, sanitation, social assistance, healthcare and education, can achieve this. I provide recommendations on legal reform on how best access to courts can be made easier through the removal of barriers for impoverished communities to collectively enforce their socio-economic rights. I position the Regulation of Gatherings Act, a legislation which is aimed at affording legal protection to protest action, as a as accessible gateway into towards class litigation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Classical and quantum picture of the interior of two-dimensional black holes
- Authors: Shawa, Mark
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3629 , vital:20531
- Description: A quantum-mechanical description of black holes would represent the final step in our understanding of the nature of space-time. However, any progress towards that end is usually foiled by persistent space-time singularities that exist at the center of black holes. From the four-dimensional point of view, black holes seem to resist quantization. Under highly symmetric conditions, all higher-dimensional black holes are two-dimensional. Unlike their higher-dimensional counterparts, two dimensional black holes may not resist quantization. A non-trivial description of gravity in two dimensions is not possible using Einstein’s theory of gravity alone. However, we may still arrive at a consistent description of gravity by introducing a scalar field known as the dilaton. In this thesis, we study both the classical and quantum aspects of the interior of two-dimensional black holes using a generalized dilaton-gravity theory. Classically, we will find that the interior of most two-dimensional black holes is not much different from that of four-dimensional black holes. But by introducing quantized matter into the theory, the fluctuations in space-time will give a different picture of the structure of interior of black holes. Using a low-energy effective field theory, we will show that it is indeed possible to identify quantum modes in the interior of black holes and perform quantum-mechanical calculations near the singularity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Shawa, Mark
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3629 , vital:20531
- Description: A quantum-mechanical description of black holes would represent the final step in our understanding of the nature of space-time. However, any progress towards that end is usually foiled by persistent space-time singularities that exist at the center of black holes. From the four-dimensional point of view, black holes seem to resist quantization. Under highly symmetric conditions, all higher-dimensional black holes are two-dimensional. Unlike their higher-dimensional counterparts, two dimensional black holes may not resist quantization. A non-trivial description of gravity in two dimensions is not possible using Einstein’s theory of gravity alone. However, we may still arrive at a consistent description of gravity by introducing a scalar field known as the dilaton. In this thesis, we study both the classical and quantum aspects of the interior of two-dimensional black holes using a generalized dilaton-gravity theory. Classically, we will find that the interior of most two-dimensional black holes is not much different from that of four-dimensional black holes. But by introducing quantized matter into the theory, the fluctuations in space-time will give a different picture of the structure of interior of black holes. Using a low-energy effective field theory, we will show that it is indeed possible to identify quantum modes in the interior of black holes and perform quantum-mechanical calculations near the singularity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Clothing fashion design students' workplace learning experiences in a university of technology in Zimbabwe : towards an enhanced workplace learning role
- Authors: Tarirai, Dandira
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Fashion design Fashion--Study and teaching Fashion design--Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Education
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16080 , vital:40662
- Description: The focus of this study was to explore Clothing Fashion Design students’ workplace learning experiences at one university of technology in Zimbabwe. Underpinned by Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning theory, the study was located in the interpretivist research paradigm and followed a qualitative research approach, which utilised a descriptive case study design. The research sample was purposively drawn from third year Clothing Fashion Design students on workplace learning, university lecturers and workplace mentors. It included nine third year students, six workplace mentors and six University lecturers. Two major methods were employed to collect data namely; in-depth face–to-face individual interviews with students, university lecturers and workplace mentors and document analysis as a secondary method of data collection method. The data were analysed for content using thematic data analysis technique. Major findings of the study are that third year Clothing Fashion Design students at the University under study applied knowledge and skills learnt from University in Pattern Design, Garment Cutting and Making, Fashion Illustration, Fashion marketing and Retailing and Communication Skills. However, they did not design new patterns neither were they guided in Fashion Illustration since these were not done in industry as mentors lacked knowledge in these critical areas. In garment cutting and making they did not use specialised machinery due to the scarcity of such machinery and in other cases limited access. Knowledge and skills acquired from workplace learning included pattern design, garment cutting and making, fashion quality management and fashion marketing and retailing. Students did not gain skills in fashion designing and use of specialised machinery since most industries had no such machinery. Students also learnt to value time and put emphasis on production of quality products at the workplace. Dress was also valued but not by all the students since it was not uniformly considered in all industries. The factors that hindered workplace learning included strikes by mentors, shortage of material resources such as fabrics, under qualified mentors, sexual harassment and improper supervision, financial challenges and inadequacy of time to attend to university academic work. Factors that promoted workplace learning included assistance by mentors, availability of basic resources for use, good student-mentor relationships and self- motivation. Findings also reflected the guidance that was offered to students by lecturers and workplace mentors which included preparation of students for workplace learning, discipline, counselling and guidance in research projects and in practical work. Support that was offered to students by lecturers and workplace mentors included assessment, moral support, student welfare and, in some cases material support. There was very little of financial support. The study concludes that while students generally appeared to benefit from workplace learning, there were challenges that negatively affected workplace learning. The study recommends improved university/industry partnership to enhance workplace learning, among other recommendations. A model for enhancing students’ workplace learning is also proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Tarirai, Dandira
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Fashion design Fashion--Study and teaching Fashion design--Study and teaching
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , Education
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/16080 , vital:40662
- Description: The focus of this study was to explore Clothing Fashion Design students’ workplace learning experiences at one university of technology in Zimbabwe. Underpinned by Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning theory, the study was located in the interpretivist research paradigm and followed a qualitative research approach, which utilised a descriptive case study design. The research sample was purposively drawn from third year Clothing Fashion Design students on workplace learning, university lecturers and workplace mentors. It included nine third year students, six workplace mentors and six University lecturers. Two major methods were employed to collect data namely; in-depth face–to-face individual interviews with students, university lecturers and workplace mentors and document analysis as a secondary method of data collection method. The data were analysed for content using thematic data analysis technique. Major findings of the study are that third year Clothing Fashion Design students at the University under study applied knowledge and skills learnt from University in Pattern Design, Garment Cutting and Making, Fashion Illustration, Fashion marketing and Retailing and Communication Skills. However, they did not design new patterns neither were they guided in Fashion Illustration since these were not done in industry as mentors lacked knowledge in these critical areas. In garment cutting and making they did not use specialised machinery due to the scarcity of such machinery and in other cases limited access. Knowledge and skills acquired from workplace learning included pattern design, garment cutting and making, fashion quality management and fashion marketing and retailing. Students did not gain skills in fashion designing and use of specialised machinery since most industries had no such machinery. Students also learnt to value time and put emphasis on production of quality products at the workplace. Dress was also valued but not by all the students since it was not uniformly considered in all industries. The factors that hindered workplace learning included strikes by mentors, shortage of material resources such as fabrics, under qualified mentors, sexual harassment and improper supervision, financial challenges and inadequacy of time to attend to university academic work. Factors that promoted workplace learning included assistance by mentors, availability of basic resources for use, good student-mentor relationships and self- motivation. Findings also reflected the guidance that was offered to students by lecturers and workplace mentors which included preparation of students for workplace learning, discipline, counselling and guidance in research projects and in practical work. Support that was offered to students by lecturers and workplace mentors included assessment, moral support, student welfare and, in some cases material support. There was very little of financial support. The study concludes that while students generally appeared to benefit from workplace learning, there were challenges that negatively affected workplace learning. The study recommends improved university/industry partnership to enhance workplace learning, among other recommendations. A model for enhancing students’ workplace learning is also proposed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Co-designing research on transgressive learning in times of climate change
- Lotz-Sisitka, Heila, Ali, Million B, Mphepho, Gibson, Chaves, Martha, Macintyre, Thomas, Pesanayi, Tichaona V, Wals, Arjen E, Mukute, Mutizwa, Kronlid, David O, Tran, Duc, Joon, Deepika, McGarry, Dylan K
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Ali, Million B , Mphepho, Gibson , Chaves, Martha , Macintyre, Thomas , Pesanayi, Tichaona V , Wals, Arjen E , Mukute, Mutizwa , Kronlid, David O , Tran, Duc , Joon, Deepika , McGarry, Dylan K
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182472 , vital:43833 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2016.04.004"
- Description: This paper reflects on the epistemological context for the co-design of a research programme on transformative, transgressive learning emerging at the nexus of climate change, water and food security, energy and social justice. It outlines a sequence of learning actions that we, as a group of collaborating partners in a Transformative Knowledge Network (TKN) undertook to co-design a research programme, firstly in situ in various case study contexts, and secondly together across case study contexts. Finally, it provides some reflections and learning points.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Lotz-Sisitka, Heila , Ali, Million B , Mphepho, Gibson , Chaves, Martha , Macintyre, Thomas , Pesanayi, Tichaona V , Wals, Arjen E , Mukute, Mutizwa , Kronlid, David O , Tran, Duc , Joon, Deepika , McGarry, Dylan K
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/182472 , vital:43833 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2016.04.004"
- Description: This paper reflects on the epistemological context for the co-design of a research programme on transformative, transgressive learning emerging at the nexus of climate change, water and food security, energy and social justice. It outlines a sequence of learning actions that we, as a group of collaborating partners in a Transformative Knowledge Network (TKN) undertook to co-design a research programme, firstly in situ in various case study contexts, and secondly together across case study contexts. Finally, it provides some reflections and learning points.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Co-management, land rights, and conflicts around South Africa’s Silaka Nature Reserve
- Thondhlana, Gladman, Cundill, Georgina, Kepe, Thembele
- Authors: Thondhlana, Gladman , Cundill, Georgina , Kepe, Thembele
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67781 , vital:29144 , https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1089609
- Description: Publisher version , Globally, co-management of protected areas (PAs) offers promise in efforts to achieve ecological integrity and livelihood needs. Most co-management agreements are premised on joint decision making in defining equitable sharing of benefits from and the management responsibilities for natural resource management. However, co-managed PAs are often conflict ridden. The forceful closure of Silaka Nature Reserve in South Africa in 2013 by a local community epitomizes the conflicts that can emerge in co-management arrangements. Using Silaka Reserve as a case study, we ask questions related to the meaning of land to local people, with an interrogative focus beyond “material benefits” in co-management discourse. The results of this study show that apart from nonaccrual of material benefits, conflicts arise from nonrecognition of nonmaterial aspects such as cultural values of and historical attachment to land and limited involvement of land claimants in decision making. The implications for co-management as a desired outcome on settled land claims are discussed.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Thondhlana, Gladman , Cundill, Georgina , Kepe, Thembele
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67781 , vital:29144 , https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1089609
- Description: Publisher version , Globally, co-management of protected areas (PAs) offers promise in efforts to achieve ecological integrity and livelihood needs. Most co-management agreements are premised on joint decision making in defining equitable sharing of benefits from and the management responsibilities for natural resource management. However, co-managed PAs are often conflict ridden. The forceful closure of Silaka Nature Reserve in South Africa in 2013 by a local community epitomizes the conflicts that can emerge in co-management arrangements. Using Silaka Reserve as a case study, we ask questions related to the meaning of land to local people, with an interrogative focus beyond “material benefits” in co-management discourse. The results of this study show that apart from nonaccrual of material benefits, conflicts arise from nonrecognition of nonmaterial aspects such as cultural values of and historical attachment to land and limited involvement of land claimants in decision making. The implications for co-management as a desired outcome on settled land claims are discussed.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2016
Co-operatives support programme of the Cacadu District Municipality
- Authors: Kate, Pumelelo Maxwell
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Cooperative societies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social status -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5667 , vital:20961
- Description: Despite the efforts by government to support and direct resources and institutions to address high levels of poverty through co-operative programmes, the Eastern Cape Province remains one of the poorest provinces in the country. Even in the relatively more prosperous Cacadu District in the western portion of the Province, the socio- economic landscape is punctuated by pockets of acute poverty. In order to support government policies to promote co-operatives as a means to address past exclusions from the agricultural sector, as well as to promote socio-economic development in one of its poorest local municipalities, the Cacadu District Municipality has been implementing a support and mentoring programme to agricultural co-operatives in the Ikwezi Local Municipality. Furthermore, Ikwezi was selected because it has the highest concentration of co-operatives in the region supported by the District Municipality and by other Sector Departments from the National and Provincial Governments. The relationships between the support that is provided by Cacadu District Municipality to co-operatives and the extent to which supported co-operatives harness these advantages to grow and sustain their enterprises, forms the cornerstone of this research. As such, the hypothesis that will be tested reads as follows: The government support provided by Cacadu District Municipality to co-operatives in its area of jurisdiction has resulted in the growth and sustainability of the co-operative enterprises. The literature review considers the significant role that co-operatives play in local economic development. It provides a historical overview of co-operatives, as well as the policy framework on co-operatives in South Africa. The role of Cacadu District Municipality with regards to co-operatives and local economic development is reviewed, as well as its co- operative support and mentorship programme. An overview of the socio-economic profile of the Ikwezi Local Municipality and the agricultural co-operatives in the area concludes the literature review. The research approach is based on a mixed method between the qualitative and quantitative research families, with a bias towards the qualitative approach. The study placed more emphasis on the data gathered from individual co-operative businesses and the personal experiences of individuals involved in the co-operative sector. This approach requires qualitative techniques such as interviews and observations. The internet was used as a source for the gathering of relevant data related to the stated research objectives. Other relevant information is gathered through documents reviewed and case studies. The study used questionnaires to interview a sample of agricultural co-operatives in Ikwezi. The collected data was analysed and presented according to a set of themes that formed the basis for the analysis. The analysis provided insights into the background and history of the selected co-operatives, the challenges that they face to survive and the support that they require from government and other potential support structures. The analysis furthermore focussed on the perception of the members of the co-operatives of the impact – whether positive or negative – of the Cacadu co-operatives support and, in particular, it’s mentorship programme. The findings revealed that there was overwhelming support from the co-operative members for the intervention and mentorship provided by the Cacadu District Municipality. It became clear that accessing agricultural land and providing funding and inputs to emerging farmers and co-operatives is not enough. There needs to be a building and nurturing of an entrepreneurial spirit and business mentality accompanied by appropriate training and capacity building interventions for the co- operatives to become successful enterprises. This study reveals that this is possible given all the resources at the disposal of the state. In conclusion, the hypothesis that the support provided by Cacadu District Municipality to co-operatives in its area of jurisdiction has resulted in the growth and sustainability of the co-operative enterprises, was found to be valid.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Kate, Pumelelo Maxwell
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Cooperative societies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Social status -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Economic development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5667 , vital:20961
- Description: Despite the efforts by government to support and direct resources and institutions to address high levels of poverty through co-operative programmes, the Eastern Cape Province remains one of the poorest provinces in the country. Even in the relatively more prosperous Cacadu District in the western portion of the Province, the socio- economic landscape is punctuated by pockets of acute poverty. In order to support government policies to promote co-operatives as a means to address past exclusions from the agricultural sector, as well as to promote socio-economic development in one of its poorest local municipalities, the Cacadu District Municipality has been implementing a support and mentoring programme to agricultural co-operatives in the Ikwezi Local Municipality. Furthermore, Ikwezi was selected because it has the highest concentration of co-operatives in the region supported by the District Municipality and by other Sector Departments from the National and Provincial Governments. The relationships between the support that is provided by Cacadu District Municipality to co-operatives and the extent to which supported co-operatives harness these advantages to grow and sustain their enterprises, forms the cornerstone of this research. As such, the hypothesis that will be tested reads as follows: The government support provided by Cacadu District Municipality to co-operatives in its area of jurisdiction has resulted in the growth and sustainability of the co-operative enterprises. The literature review considers the significant role that co-operatives play in local economic development. It provides a historical overview of co-operatives, as well as the policy framework on co-operatives in South Africa. The role of Cacadu District Municipality with regards to co-operatives and local economic development is reviewed, as well as its co- operative support and mentorship programme. An overview of the socio-economic profile of the Ikwezi Local Municipality and the agricultural co-operatives in the area concludes the literature review. The research approach is based on a mixed method between the qualitative and quantitative research families, with a bias towards the qualitative approach. The study placed more emphasis on the data gathered from individual co-operative businesses and the personal experiences of individuals involved in the co-operative sector. This approach requires qualitative techniques such as interviews and observations. The internet was used as a source for the gathering of relevant data related to the stated research objectives. Other relevant information is gathered through documents reviewed and case studies. The study used questionnaires to interview a sample of agricultural co-operatives in Ikwezi. The collected data was analysed and presented according to a set of themes that formed the basis for the analysis. The analysis provided insights into the background and history of the selected co-operatives, the challenges that they face to survive and the support that they require from government and other potential support structures. The analysis furthermore focussed on the perception of the members of the co-operatives of the impact – whether positive or negative – of the Cacadu co-operatives support and, in particular, it’s mentorship programme. The findings revealed that there was overwhelming support from the co-operative members for the intervention and mentorship provided by the Cacadu District Municipality. It became clear that accessing agricultural land and providing funding and inputs to emerging farmers and co-operatives is not enough. There needs to be a building and nurturing of an entrepreneurial spirit and business mentality accompanied by appropriate training and capacity building interventions for the co- operatives to become successful enterprises. This study reveals that this is possible given all the resources at the disposal of the state. In conclusion, the hypothesis that the support provided by Cacadu District Municipality to co-operatives in its area of jurisdiction has resulted in the growth and sustainability of the co-operative enterprises, was found to be valid.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Codeswitching online: a case study of a bilingual online maths programme for grade 7 learners in Diepsloot, Johannesburg
- Authors: von Witt, Nathalia
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3983 , vital:20577
- Description: There is an education crisis in South Africa. Mathematics and literacy are at the forefront of the problem, as particularly evidenced by Annual National Assessment results (Department of Basic Education, 2014; Spaull, 2014). This research is motivated by the unequal access to quality learning which stems from learners learning through a poorly-understood second language with little to no cognitive academic language proficiency. The vast majority of South African learners learn through their second language, English, from Grade 4 onwards. English is the language of South Africa’s political economy and is a global lingua franca; however, the understanding of concepts and content learnt at school is vital if one is to have any hope of putting one’s English to good use. This research aimed to find a way to equip learners both with English proficiency and mathematical understanding simultaneously. This was done by implementing and evaluating an experimental bilingual course in an existing mathematics programme in the township of Diepsloot in Johannesburg, South Africa. This research used design-based research methodology, using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. This methodology was chosen as it allows theory and practice to intersect in a real-life setting, and for the successes and shortcomings of this intersection to be evaluated. This study encompasses both the evaluation and creation of the bilingual online mathematics course. The course is made bilingual through the creation of bilingual videos with the use of translanguaging and the creation of a bilingual glossary of terms. The videos were created using a translanguaging ‘model’ informed by theories of basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency (Cummins, 1981), common underlying proficiency (Cummins, 1991), codeswitching (Setati, 1998; Ncoko et al., 2000) and translanguaging (Makalela 2015; Creese and Blackledge, 2010a). The aim of this research was to create a successful translanguaging model which facilitates learners’ ability to conceptualise in their first language and then discuss and understand the concept in their second language.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: von Witt, Nathalia
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/3983 , vital:20577
- Description: There is an education crisis in South Africa. Mathematics and literacy are at the forefront of the problem, as particularly evidenced by Annual National Assessment results (Department of Basic Education, 2014; Spaull, 2014). This research is motivated by the unequal access to quality learning which stems from learners learning through a poorly-understood second language with little to no cognitive academic language proficiency. The vast majority of South African learners learn through their second language, English, from Grade 4 onwards. English is the language of South Africa’s political economy and is a global lingua franca; however, the understanding of concepts and content learnt at school is vital if one is to have any hope of putting one’s English to good use. This research aimed to find a way to equip learners both with English proficiency and mathematical understanding simultaneously. This was done by implementing and evaluating an experimental bilingual course in an existing mathematics programme in the township of Diepsloot in Johannesburg, South Africa. This research used design-based research methodology, using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. This methodology was chosen as it allows theory and practice to intersect in a real-life setting, and for the successes and shortcomings of this intersection to be evaluated. This study encompasses both the evaluation and creation of the bilingual online mathematics course. The course is made bilingual through the creation of bilingual videos with the use of translanguaging and the creation of a bilingual glossary of terms. The videos were created using a translanguaging ‘model’ informed by theories of basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency (Cummins, 1981), common underlying proficiency (Cummins, 1991), codeswitching (Setati, 1998; Ncoko et al., 2000) and translanguaging (Makalela 2015; Creese and Blackledge, 2010a). The aim of this research was to create a successful translanguaging model which facilitates learners’ ability to conceptualise in their first language and then discuss and understand the concept in their second language.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Collaborative learning of water conservation practices: cultivation and expansion of a learning network around rainwater harvesting demonstration sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Pesanayi, Tichaona V, Weaver, Kim N
- Authors: Pesanayi, Tichaona V , Weaver, Kim N
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392086 , vital:68720 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajae/article/view/138570"
- Description: Learning together in mediated voluntary networks can mobilise skills and innovations that help to facilitate learning and uptake of rainwater harvesting and conservation practices. It boosts extension capacity while at the same time growing farmer capabilities, tapping on the distributed cognition. These practices help to heal wicked problems of drought and global change challenges affecting marginalised farmers in South Africa. South Africa has water, nutrition and food security challenges, especially the Eastern Cape Province where there is a relatively high level of poverty. These challenges place heavy pressure on the agricultural sector as it is the main user of the allocated water in the country. In this paper, the learning of and agency for rainwater harvesting and conservation practices are explored as responses to these challenges. Despite existing cultural histories of such practices among the amaXhosa people, information on these practices is not readily available to small-scale rural farmers who thus struggle for the want of knowing. This research forms part of a Water Research Commission project, Amanzi for Food, whose intention is to mediate collaborative and co-engaged learning among networked farmers, extension workers, researchers and agricultural educators through course-mediated use of Water Research Commission rainwater harvesting and conservation materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Pesanayi, Tichaona V , Weaver, Kim N
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/392086 , vital:68720 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajae/article/view/138570"
- Description: Learning together in mediated voluntary networks can mobilise skills and innovations that help to facilitate learning and uptake of rainwater harvesting and conservation practices. It boosts extension capacity while at the same time growing farmer capabilities, tapping on the distributed cognition. These practices help to heal wicked problems of drought and global change challenges affecting marginalised farmers in South Africa. South Africa has water, nutrition and food security challenges, especially the Eastern Cape Province where there is a relatively high level of poverty. These challenges place heavy pressure on the agricultural sector as it is the main user of the allocated water in the country. In this paper, the learning of and agency for rainwater harvesting and conservation practices are explored as responses to these challenges. Despite existing cultural histories of such practices among the amaXhosa people, information on these practices is not readily available to small-scale rural farmers who thus struggle for the want of knowing. This research forms part of a Water Research Commission project, Amanzi for Food, whose intention is to mediate collaborative and co-engaged learning among networked farmers, extension workers, researchers and agricultural educators through course-mediated use of Water Research Commission rainwater harvesting and conservation materials.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Community care worker perceptions of their roles in tuberculosis care and their information needs:
- Okeyo, Ida L A, Dowse, Roslind
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156596 , vital:40029 , DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v21i0.962
- Description: Community care workers (CCWs) inhabit a central role in the management of tuberculosis (TB) patients in South Africa. CCWs attend training courses, but training is not standardised at either the national or provincial level. To explore perceptions of CCWs of their role in TB care and TB information needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A , Dowse, Roslind
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156596 , vital:40029 , DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v21i0.962
- Description: Community care workers (CCWs) inhabit a central role in the management of tuberculosis (TB) patients in South Africa. CCWs attend training courses, but training is not standardised at either the national or provincial level. To explore perceptions of CCWs of their role in TB care and TB information needs.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
Community care workers in TB care: identifying and meeting their information needs
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4211 , vital:20633
- Description: According to the 2015 World Health Organisation global tuberculosis report, South Africa had 155,473 new TB cases in the last year, 61% of whom were HIV-positive. The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in South Africa has resulted in the increasing use of community care workers (CCWs) for the management and supervision of TB patients on treatment. CCWs are increasingly being deployed to address the shortages of healthcare workers. CCWs supervising TB patients often act as information providers, advising and counselling patients on general care and medication use. Their effectiveness depends on appropriate knowledge, adequate training and access to good quality information about TB and TB medicines. The hypothesis for this study was that user-friendly, simple, illustrated information can enhance TB knowledge of CCWs, as well as serve as a practice tool in facilitating their counselling and education of patients. A conceptual framework was used to guide the development of an intervention to test this hypothesis through the following objectives: exploring the roles and TB information needs of CCWs working with TB patients; evaluating baseline TB knowledge and health literacy levels of CCWs; developing simple, illustrated information materials to address CCW TB information needs; and assessing the influence of the information materials on TB knowledge and practice of CCWs. Six CCWs from Grahamstown Hospice and 25 CCWs from six primary healthcare clinics in Grahamstown participated in the study, which was conducted in three main phases. Phase 1 began with focus group discussions and individual semi-structured interviews with 14 CCWs to explore their perceptions regarding their roles in TB care and their information needs. This was followed by individual interviews with all 31 CCWs using a structured questionnaire to collect quantitative data on health literacy and establish baseline TB knowledge. For Phase 2, the design of an A5 booklet was informed by the findings from Phase 1 and contained information about TB and TB medication. Pictograms were designed using a rigorous, iterative design process and were included in the booklet which was translated into isiXhosa and Afrikaans. The booklets were individually distributed to CCWs during an information session in which the topics in the booklet were discussed. Three months after completion of Phase 2, individual follow-up interviews were conducted with all CCWs to measure post-intervention TB knowledge. Focus group discussions or semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 of the CCWs to explore the role and impact of the information materials on everyday CCW practice. Qualitative data were transcribed and analysed thematically by developing codes and identifying themes. Quantitative results were analysed using the t-test, Pearson Chi-square and a Z-test of proportions at a 0.05 level of significance. The conceptual framework provided a useful lens through which to view, and reflect on, the interaction between the elements of the healthcare system in relation to the results obtained. CCWs associated their roles in TB control with helping patients and having an impact in patients’ lives which they perceived as being meaningful. The good relationships with patients noted by study CCWs, as well as the appreciation they received from patients, contributed to their confidence and belief that they were well positioned and able to positively influence health outcomes. This study found that CCWs in the healthcare system were disadvantaged by the lack of support and supervision, deficiencies in training and lack of information materials, all of which reflect a negative interaction between CCWs with the healthcare system. Use of the booklet resulted in an improvement in CCW knowledge about the disease, TB medication, MDR and XDR-TB and HIV/AIDS and TB co-infection. The mean knowledge score significantly increased from 76.1% at baseline to 85.4% at follow up showing that the use of the booklet had a positive impact on TB knowledge. Poor knowledge areas were identified as being related to TB medication-related knowledge and drug-resistant TB, highlighting the need for additional intervention to improve knowledge in these areas. The health literacy level of CCWs, which was assessed using the modified Newest Vital Signs– South Africa test, showed that the majority of CCWs had only marginal health literacy, indicating the need for wider assessment of health literacy within CCWs, and the need to tailor training and information materials to cater for their health literacy levels. The pictorial-based, simple booklet tailored for CCWs was also found to enhance confidence in decision making, and reduce their uncertainty when confronted with difficult care scenarios. CCWs were enthusiastic about the inclusion of pictograms which were reported to enhance recall of TB information and understanding of text. The booklet also served as a patient educational tool, where it reportedly improved communication and had a positive effect on the CCW-patient interpersonal relationship. The simplicity of the booklet and the inclusion of pictograms resulted in a user-friendly appealing information source for patients. Factors contributing to the success of the booklet can be attributed to paying attention to CCW information needs, involving CCWs in the design process, translating the booklet into local dialect, ensuring simplicity of the text and including pictograms that had undergone a rigorous design process. This study was the first to design TB information materials targeted specifically for CCWs that were also suitable as patient education materials. The study demonstrated that these information materials can have a positive outcome on CCW roles in TB care by improving their knowledge and facilitating patient communication and education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016
- Authors: Okeyo, Ida L A
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPharm
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4211 , vital:20633
- Description: According to the 2015 World Health Organisation global tuberculosis report, South Africa had 155,473 new TB cases in the last year, 61% of whom were HIV-positive. The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in South Africa has resulted in the increasing use of community care workers (CCWs) for the management and supervision of TB patients on treatment. CCWs are increasingly being deployed to address the shortages of healthcare workers. CCWs supervising TB patients often act as information providers, advising and counselling patients on general care and medication use. Their effectiveness depends on appropriate knowledge, adequate training and access to good quality information about TB and TB medicines. The hypothesis for this study was that user-friendly, simple, illustrated information can enhance TB knowledge of CCWs, as well as serve as a practice tool in facilitating their counselling and education of patients. A conceptual framework was used to guide the development of an intervention to test this hypothesis through the following objectives: exploring the roles and TB information needs of CCWs working with TB patients; evaluating baseline TB knowledge and health literacy levels of CCWs; developing simple, illustrated information materials to address CCW TB information needs; and assessing the influence of the information materials on TB knowledge and practice of CCWs. Six CCWs from Grahamstown Hospice and 25 CCWs from six primary healthcare clinics in Grahamstown participated in the study, which was conducted in three main phases. Phase 1 began with focus group discussions and individual semi-structured interviews with 14 CCWs to explore their perceptions regarding their roles in TB care and their information needs. This was followed by individual interviews with all 31 CCWs using a structured questionnaire to collect quantitative data on health literacy and establish baseline TB knowledge. For Phase 2, the design of an A5 booklet was informed by the findings from Phase 1 and contained information about TB and TB medication. Pictograms were designed using a rigorous, iterative design process and were included in the booklet which was translated into isiXhosa and Afrikaans. The booklets were individually distributed to CCWs during an information session in which the topics in the booklet were discussed. Three months after completion of Phase 2, individual follow-up interviews were conducted with all CCWs to measure post-intervention TB knowledge. Focus group discussions or semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 of the CCWs to explore the role and impact of the information materials on everyday CCW practice. Qualitative data were transcribed and analysed thematically by developing codes and identifying themes. Quantitative results were analysed using the t-test, Pearson Chi-square and a Z-test of proportions at a 0.05 level of significance. The conceptual framework provided a useful lens through which to view, and reflect on, the interaction between the elements of the healthcare system in relation to the results obtained. CCWs associated their roles in TB control with helping patients and having an impact in patients’ lives which they perceived as being meaningful. The good relationships with patients noted by study CCWs, as well as the appreciation they received from patients, contributed to their confidence and belief that they were well positioned and able to positively influence health outcomes. This study found that CCWs in the healthcare system were disadvantaged by the lack of support and supervision, deficiencies in training and lack of information materials, all of which reflect a negative interaction between CCWs with the healthcare system. Use of the booklet resulted in an improvement in CCW knowledge about the disease, TB medication, MDR and XDR-TB and HIV/AIDS and TB co-infection. The mean knowledge score significantly increased from 76.1% at baseline to 85.4% at follow up showing that the use of the booklet had a positive impact on TB knowledge. Poor knowledge areas were identified as being related to TB medication-related knowledge and drug-resistant TB, highlighting the need for additional intervention to improve knowledge in these areas. The health literacy level of CCWs, which was assessed using the modified Newest Vital Signs– South Africa test, showed that the majority of CCWs had only marginal health literacy, indicating the need for wider assessment of health literacy within CCWs, and the need to tailor training and information materials to cater for their health literacy levels. The pictorial-based, simple booklet tailored for CCWs was also found to enhance confidence in decision making, and reduce their uncertainty when confronted with difficult care scenarios. CCWs were enthusiastic about the inclusion of pictograms which were reported to enhance recall of TB information and understanding of text. The booklet also served as a patient educational tool, where it reportedly improved communication and had a positive effect on the CCW-patient interpersonal relationship. The simplicity of the booklet and the inclusion of pictograms resulted in a user-friendly appealing information source for patients. Factors contributing to the success of the booklet can be attributed to paying attention to CCW information needs, involving CCWs in the design process, translating the booklet into local dialect, ensuring simplicity of the text and including pictograms that had undergone a rigorous design process. This study was the first to design TB information materials targeted specifically for CCWs that were also suitable as patient education materials. The study demonstrated that these information materials can have a positive outcome on CCW roles in TB care by improving their knowledge and facilitating patient communication and education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2016