Maintenance of public and private urban green infrastructure provides significant employment in Eastern Cape towns, South Africa:
- King, A, Shackleton, Charlie M
- Authors: King, A , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176074 , vital:42657 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126740
- Description: Urban green infrastructure (UGI) provides numerous environmental, social and economic benefits through direct and indirect use of ecosystem services. The maintenance of UGI also provides work opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers in the public and private sectors, so-called green collar jobs. However, the extent and benefit of such employment has rarely been examined, especially in a developing country context where unemployment is often high. We quantified the number of green collar jobs and wage levels across all green collar categories in 12 towns of the Eastern Cape via means of questionnaires and interviews. Overall, we enumerated 17 429 jobs, receiving approximately ZAR503 million (US$37 million) per year. The number of jobs was strongly linked to town size, but the number of jobs per unit area was inversely related to the level of underdevelopment or deprivation per town.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: King, A , Shackleton, Charlie M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176074 , vital:42657 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126740
- Description: Urban green infrastructure (UGI) provides numerous environmental, social and economic benefits through direct and indirect use of ecosystem services. The maintenance of UGI also provides work opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers in the public and private sectors, so-called green collar jobs. However, the extent and benefit of such employment has rarely been examined, especially in a developing country context where unemployment is often high. We quantified the number of green collar jobs and wage levels across all green collar categories in 12 towns of the Eastern Cape via means of questionnaires and interviews. Overall, we enumerated 17 429 jobs, receiving approximately ZAR503 million (US$37 million) per year. The number of jobs was strongly linked to town size, but the number of jobs per unit area was inversely related to the level of underdevelopment or deprivation per town.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Mapping subtidal estuarine habitats with a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV):
- Wasserman, J, Claassens, L, Adams, J B
- Authors: Wasserman, J , Claassens, L , Adams, J B
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150163 , vital:38945 , DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2020.1731598
- Description: Subtidal habitats have not yet been accounted for in habitat maps of South African estuaries. In this study, a novel method for mapping subtidal estuarine habitats, using a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) piloted from a boat, was developed and tested in the Knysna Estuary. Video footage was recorded along 48 transects across the width of the estuary, and then reviewed to identify, classify and map habitats. Using the method developed in this study, 21 hours of footage was recorded over 15 days of sampling, and about 30 hours of post-processing was carried out to map an area exceeding 850 ha. This study has produced the first baseline dataset of subtidal habitats for a South African estuary. Additionally, the study revealed the previously unknown distribution of the invasive red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis, and the underestimation in previous studies of the estuary of area cover of eelgrass Zostera capensis by 130 ha.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Wasserman, J , Claassens, L , Adams, J B
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150163 , vital:38945 , DOI: 10.2989/1814232X.2020.1731598
- Description: Subtidal habitats have not yet been accounted for in habitat maps of South African estuaries. In this study, a novel method for mapping subtidal estuarine habitats, using a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) piloted from a boat, was developed and tested in the Knysna Estuary. Video footage was recorded along 48 transects across the width of the estuary, and then reviewed to identify, classify and map habitats. Using the method developed in this study, 21 hours of footage was recorded over 15 days of sampling, and about 30 hours of post-processing was carried out to map an area exceeding 850 ha. This study has produced the first baseline dataset of subtidal habitats for a South African estuary. Additionally, the study revealed the previously unknown distribution of the invasive red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis, and the underestimation in previous studies of the estuary of area cover of eelgrass Zostera capensis by 130 ha.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Maximal-entropy initial state of the Universe as a microscopic description of inflation:
- Brustein, Ram, Medved, A J M
- Authors: Brustein, Ram , Medved, A J M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149682 , vital:38874 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.123502
- Description: We propose that the initial state of the Universe was an isotropic state of maximal entropy. Such a state can be described in terms of a state of closed, interacting, fundamental strings in their high-temperature Hagedorn phase, which constitutes a novel microscopic model for the state of the Universe when it is at the highest sustainable temperature. This state resolves the big-bang singularity by replacing the past of the hot big-bang Universe and sets inflationary initial conditions for the subsequent evolution of the thermal radiation and the semiclassical cosmological geometry. The entropy density in this state is equal to the square root of the energy density in Planck units, while the pressure is positive and equal to the energy density.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Brustein, Ram , Medved, A J M
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149682 , vital:38874 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1103/PhysRevD.101.123502
- Description: We propose that the initial state of the Universe was an isotropic state of maximal entropy. Such a state can be described in terms of a state of closed, interacting, fundamental strings in their high-temperature Hagedorn phase, which constitutes a novel microscopic model for the state of the Universe when it is at the highest sustainable temperature. This state resolves the big-bang singularity by replacing the past of the hot big-bang Universe and sets inflationary initial conditions for the subsequent evolution of the thermal radiation and the semiclassical cosmological geometry. The entropy density in this state is equal to the square root of the energy density in Planck units, while the pressure is positive and equal to the energy density.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Meeting a diversity of needs through a diversity of species: Urban residents’ favourite and disliked tree species across eleven towns in South Africa and Zimbabwe
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Mograbi, Penelope J
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Mograbi, Penelope J
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176321 , vital:42684 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126507
- Description: Understanding of urban residents’ preferences and dislikes for tree species and attributes is necessary to provide them with the species they most favour. Yet there is relatively little understanding of local species preferences, the reasons underlying them and how they vary with context and scale. We interviewed 1100 urban residents in eleven towns (four in Zimbabwe, four in Limpopo Province and three in the Eastern Cape of South Africa) to determine what were their favourite and least favourite tree species and the reasons for such. Fifty-nine species were listed amongst the preferred species (the four most common being Jacaranda mimosifolia (10% or respondents), Mangifera indica (10%), Adonsonia digitata (7%) and Colophospermum mopane (7%)), and 29 as disliked (the four most common being Vachellia spp, J. mimosifolia, Euphorbia spp. and Melia azedarach), with 16 in common between the two.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Mograbi, Penelope J
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176321 , vital:42684 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126507
- Description: Understanding of urban residents’ preferences and dislikes for tree species and attributes is necessary to provide them with the species they most favour. Yet there is relatively little understanding of local species preferences, the reasons underlying them and how they vary with context and scale. We interviewed 1100 urban residents in eleven towns (four in Zimbabwe, four in Limpopo Province and three in the Eastern Cape of South Africa) to determine what were their favourite and least favourite tree species and the reasons for such. Fifty-nine species were listed amongst the preferred species (the four most common being Jacaranda mimosifolia (10% or respondents), Mangifera indica (10%), Adonsonia digitata (7%) and Colophospermum mopane (7%)), and 29 as disliked (the four most common being Vachellia spp, J. mimosifolia, Euphorbia spp. and Melia azedarach), with 16 in common between the two.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Men in Women’s Clothes
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275658 , vital:55067 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sjp.12394"
- Description: The descriptive phrase that comprises my title can refer both to a pervasive comic trope and a mode of self-expression. There is a tension here, insofar as the comic trope leads us not to take cross-dressing, or drag, seriously. The first half of the comic film Some Like It Hot (1959), with its cross-gender plot and its (sophisticated but) straightforward use of the comic trope of men-in-women’s clothes, appears to fall foul of this tension and to be susceptible to criticism in this regard. However, the film rectifies itself, portraying the cross-dressing relationship which develops through the second half of the film as a potentially meaningful one for both partners. In this article, I interpret the film as inviting its viewers to adopt a (particular kind of) skeptical ironic (that is, Pyrrhonian) attitude toward gender-presentation practices. While the film in no way attempts to discourage us from participating in such practices, it does invite us—through our partiality toward the characters Osgood and Jerry/Daphne, as we follow their budding, transgressive relationship—to acknowledge that a violation of gender-presentation practices can be a meaningful feature of sincere relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Jones, Ward E
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/275658 , vital:55067 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1111/sjp.12394"
- Description: The descriptive phrase that comprises my title can refer both to a pervasive comic trope and a mode of self-expression. There is a tension here, insofar as the comic trope leads us not to take cross-dressing, or drag, seriously. The first half of the comic film Some Like It Hot (1959), with its cross-gender plot and its (sophisticated but) straightforward use of the comic trope of men-in-women’s clothes, appears to fall foul of this tension and to be susceptible to criticism in this regard. However, the film rectifies itself, portraying the cross-dressing relationship which develops through the second half of the film as a potentially meaningful one for both partners. In this article, I interpret the film as inviting its viewers to adopt a (particular kind of) skeptical ironic (that is, Pyrrhonian) attitude toward gender-presentation practices. While the film in no way attempts to discourage us from participating in such practices, it does invite us—through our partiality toward the characters Osgood and Jerry/Daphne, as we follow their budding, transgressive relationship—to acknowledge that a violation of gender-presentation practices can be a meaningful feature of sincere relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Metabarcoding Analysis of Bacterial Communities Associated with Media Grow Bed Zones in an Aquaponic System
- Kasozi, Nasser, Kaiser, Horst, Wilhelmi, Brendan
- Authors: Kasozi, Nasser , Kaiser, Horst , Wilhelmi, Brendan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429461 , vital:72612 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8884070"
- Description: The development of environmentally sustainable plant and fish production in aquaponic systems requires a complete understanding of the systems’ biological components. In order to better understand the role of microorganisms in this association, we studied the bacterial communities in the dry, root, and mineralized zones of a flood-and-drain media bed aquaponic system. Bacterial communities were characterized using metabarcoding of the V3-V4 16S rRNA regions obtained from paired-end Illumina MiSeq reads. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes accounted for more than 90% of the total community in the dry zone and the effluent water. These phyla also accounted for more than 68% of the total community in the root and mineralized zones. The genera Massilia, Mucilaginibacter, Mizugakiibacter, and Rhodoluna were most dominant in the dry, root, and mineralized zones and in the effluent water, respectively. The number of shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for the three zones was 241, representing 7.15% of the total observed OTUs. The number of unique OTUs in samples from dry zone, root zone, mineralized zone, and effluent water was 485, 638, 445, and 383, respectively. The samples from the root zone harbored more diverse communities than either the dry or mineralized zones. This study is the first to report on the bacterial community within the zones of a flood-and-drain media bed. Thus, this information will potentially accelerate studies on other microbial communities involved in the bioconversion of nitrogen compounds and mineralization within these types of aquaponic systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kasozi, Nasser , Kaiser, Horst , Wilhelmi, Brendan
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/429461 , vital:72612 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8884070"
- Description: The development of environmentally sustainable plant and fish production in aquaponic systems requires a complete understanding of the systems’ biological components. In order to better understand the role of microorganisms in this association, we studied the bacterial communities in the dry, root, and mineralized zones of a flood-and-drain media bed aquaponic system. Bacterial communities were characterized using metabarcoding of the V3-V4 16S rRNA regions obtained from paired-end Illumina MiSeq reads. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes accounted for more than 90% of the total community in the dry zone and the effluent water. These phyla also accounted for more than 68% of the total community in the root and mineralized zones. The genera Massilia, Mucilaginibacter, Mizugakiibacter, and Rhodoluna were most dominant in the dry, root, and mineralized zones and in the effluent water, respectively. The number of shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for the three zones was 241, representing 7.15% of the total observed OTUs. The number of unique OTUs in samples from dry zone, root zone, mineralized zone, and effluent water was 485, 638, 445, and 383, respectively. The samples from the root zone harbored more diverse communities than either the dry or mineralized zones. This study is the first to report on the bacterial community within the zones of a flood-and-drain media bed. Thus, this information will potentially accelerate studies on other microbial communities involved in the bioconversion of nitrogen compounds and mineralization within these types of aquaponic systems.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Microplastic leachates induce species-specific trait strengthening in intertidal mussels:
- Seuront, Laurent, Nicastro, Katy, McQuaid, Christopher D, Zardi, Gerardo I
- Authors: Seuront, Laurent , Nicastro, Katy , McQuaid, Christopher D , Zardi, Gerardo I
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158200 , vital:40162 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1002/eap.2222. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.905qftthq
- Description: Plastic pollution is ubiquitous with increasing recognition of its direct effects on species’ fitness. Little is known, however, about its more subtle effects, including the influence of plastic pollution on the morphological, functional and behavioural traits of organisms that are central to their ability to withstand disturbances. Among the least obvious but most pernicious forms of plastic-associated pollution are the chemicals that leach from microplastics. Here, we investigate how such leachates influence species’ traits by assessing functional trait compensation across four species of intertidal mussels, through investigations of byssal thread production, movement and aggregation behaviour for mussels held in natural seawater or seawater contaminated by microplastic leachates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Seuront, Laurent , Nicastro, Katy , McQuaid, Christopher D , Zardi, Gerardo I
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158200 , vital:40162 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1002/eap.2222. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.905qftthq
- Description: Plastic pollution is ubiquitous with increasing recognition of its direct effects on species’ fitness. Little is known, however, about its more subtle effects, including the influence of plastic pollution on the morphological, functional and behavioural traits of organisms that are central to their ability to withstand disturbances. Among the least obvious but most pernicious forms of plastic-associated pollution are the chemicals that leach from microplastics. Here, we investigate how such leachates influence species’ traits by assessing functional trait compensation across four species of intertidal mussels, through investigations of byssal thread production, movement and aggregation behaviour for mussels held in natural seawater or seawater contaminated by microplastic leachates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Modern supratidal microbialites fed by groundwater: functional drivers, value and trajectories
- Rishworth, Gavin M, Dodd, Carla, Perissinotto, Renzo, Bornman, Thomas G, Adams, Janine B, Anderson, Callum R, Cawthra, Hayley C, Dorrington, Hayley C, du Toit, Hendrik, Edworthy, Carla, Gibb, Ross-Lynne A, Human, Lucienne R D, Isemonger, Eric W, Lemley, David A, Miranda, Nelson A, Peer, Nasreen, Raw, Jacqueline L, Smith, Alan M, Steyn, Paul-Pierre, Strydom, Nadine A, Teske, Peter R, Welman, Peter R
- Authors: Rishworth, Gavin M , Dodd, Carla , Perissinotto, Renzo , Bornman, Thomas G , Adams, Janine B , Anderson, Callum R , Cawthra, Hayley C , Dorrington, Hayley C , du Toit, Hendrik , Edworthy, Carla , Gibb, Ross-Lynne A , Human, Lucienne R D , Isemonger, Eric W , Lemley, David A , Miranda, Nelson A , Peer, Nasreen , Raw, Jacqueline L , Smith, Alan M , Steyn, Paul-Pierre , Strydom, Nadine A , Teske, Peter R , Welman, Peter R
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426008 , vital:72306 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103364"
- Description: Microbial mats were the dominant habitat type in shallow marine environments between the Palaeoarchean and Phanerozoic. Many of these (termed ‘microbialites’) calcified as they grew but such lithified mats are rare along modern coasts for reasons such as unsuitable water chemistry, destructive metazoan influences and competition with other reef-builders such as corals or macroalgae. Nonetheless, extant microbialites occur in unique coastal ecosystems such as the Exuma Cays, Bahamas or Lake Clifton and Hamelin Pool, Australia, where limitations such as calcium carbonate availability or destructive bioturbation are diminished. Along the coast of South Africa, extensive distributions of living microbialites (including layered stromatolites) have been discovered and described since the early 2000s. Unlike the Bahamian and Australian ecosystems, the South African microbialites form exclusively in the supratidal coastal zone at the convergence of emergent groundwater seepage. Similar systems were documented subsequently in southwestern Australia, Northern Ireland and the Scottish Hebrides, as recently as 2018, revealing that supratidal microbialites have a global distribution. This review uses the best-studied formations to contextualise formative drivers and processes of these supratidal ecosystems and highlight their geological, ecological and societal relevance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Rishworth, Gavin M , Dodd, Carla , Perissinotto, Renzo , Bornman, Thomas G , Adams, Janine B , Anderson, Callum R , Cawthra, Hayley C , Dorrington, Hayley C , du Toit, Hendrik , Edworthy, Carla , Gibb, Ross-Lynne A , Human, Lucienne R D , Isemonger, Eric W , Lemley, David A , Miranda, Nelson A , Peer, Nasreen , Raw, Jacqueline L , Smith, Alan M , Steyn, Paul-Pierre , Strydom, Nadine A , Teske, Peter R , Welman, Peter R
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426008 , vital:72306 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103364"
- Description: Microbial mats were the dominant habitat type in shallow marine environments between the Palaeoarchean and Phanerozoic. Many of these (termed ‘microbialites’) calcified as they grew but such lithified mats are rare along modern coasts for reasons such as unsuitable water chemistry, destructive metazoan influences and competition with other reef-builders such as corals or macroalgae. Nonetheless, extant microbialites occur in unique coastal ecosystems such as the Exuma Cays, Bahamas or Lake Clifton and Hamelin Pool, Australia, where limitations such as calcium carbonate availability or destructive bioturbation are diminished. Along the coast of South Africa, extensive distributions of living microbialites (including layered stromatolites) have been discovered and described since the early 2000s. Unlike the Bahamian and Australian ecosystems, the South African microbialites form exclusively in the supratidal coastal zone at the convergence of emergent groundwater seepage. Similar systems were documented subsequently in southwestern Australia, Northern Ireland and the Scottish Hebrides, as recently as 2018, revealing that supratidal microbialites have a global distribution. This review uses the best-studied formations to contextualise formative drivers and processes of these supratidal ecosystems and highlight their geological, ecological and societal relevance.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Monitoring and evaluation in a changing world: A Southern African perspective on the skills needed for a new approach
- Rosenberg, Eureta, Kotschy, Karen
- Authors: Rosenberg, Eureta , Kotschy, Karen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/370711 , vital:66369 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/ 10.4102/aej.v8i1.472"
- Description: Background: As science and modern technology have brought many advances, we have also come to overshoot planetary boundaries, while still falling short of development goals to eradicate poverty and inequality. A growing recognition of the complexity of development problems and contexts calls for new framings, including a new approach to monitoring and evaluation (M and E) as one of the mechanisms by which modern societies aim to steer towards a more sustainable future. New approaches to M and E mean new skills for the M and E practitioner. Objectives: This article proposed a framing for M and E skills, comprising of technical, relational and transformational (T-R-T) competences. Method: Adapted from the literature, this competence framework was tested in a broader learning needs assessment and then applied retrospectively to author’s experience in developmental evaluations in complex social–ecological contexts in southern Africa. Results: The emerging insights were that not only technical competence is needed, but also relational competence that goes beyond interpersonal skills, to enable the production and uptake of evaluation findings. In addition, the limitations of mainstream M and E methods in the face of complexity seemed to create a need for ‘transformational’ competence, which included evaluators’ ability to develop credible M and E alternatives. Conclusion: The T-R-T framework helped to advance the notions of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ skills and expanded on existing M and E competence frameworks. Recommendations included a call for innovative educational and professional development approaches to develop relational and transformational competencies, in addition to training for technical competence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Rosenberg, Eureta , Kotschy, Karen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/370711 , vital:66369 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/ 10.4102/aej.v8i1.472"
- Description: Background: As science and modern technology have brought many advances, we have also come to overshoot planetary boundaries, while still falling short of development goals to eradicate poverty and inequality. A growing recognition of the complexity of development problems and contexts calls for new framings, including a new approach to monitoring and evaluation (M and E) as one of the mechanisms by which modern societies aim to steer towards a more sustainable future. New approaches to M and E mean new skills for the M and E practitioner. Objectives: This article proposed a framing for M and E skills, comprising of technical, relational and transformational (T-R-T) competences. Method: Adapted from the literature, this competence framework was tested in a broader learning needs assessment and then applied retrospectively to author’s experience in developmental evaluations in complex social–ecological contexts in southern Africa. Results: The emerging insights were that not only technical competence is needed, but also relational competence that goes beyond interpersonal skills, to enable the production and uptake of evaluation findings. In addition, the limitations of mainstream M and E methods in the face of complexity seemed to create a need for ‘transformational’ competence, which included evaluators’ ability to develop credible M and E alternatives. Conclusion: The T-R-T framework helped to advance the notions of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ skills and expanded on existing M and E competence frameworks. Recommendations included a call for innovative educational and professional development approaches to develop relational and transformational competencies, in addition to training for technical competence.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Movement patterns of the epizoic limpet Lottia tenuisculpta on two host snails Omphalius nigerrimus and Reishia clavigera:
- Nakano, Tomoyuki, Okumura, Yousuke, Nakayama, Ryo, Seuront, Laurent
- Authors: Nakano, Tomoyuki , Okumura, Yousuke , Nakayama, Ryo , Seuront, Laurent
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160268 , vital:40429 , DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2020.1808280
- Description: The tiny epizoic limpet Lottia tenuisculpta lives on rocky surfaces and shells of the snails Omphalius nigerrimus and Reishia clavigera. The movement patterns of the limpet on host snails was observed during 24 h under controlled laboratory conditions. A specific behaviour, referred to as returning behaviour and reminiscent of homing behaviour, was observed in seven out of 20 individuals, and two out of 15 individuals on O. nigerrimus and R. clavigera, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Nakano, Tomoyuki , Okumura, Yousuke , Nakayama, Ryo , Seuront, Laurent
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/160268 , vital:40429 , DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2020.1808280
- Description: The tiny epizoic limpet Lottia tenuisculpta lives on rocky surfaces and shells of the snails Omphalius nigerrimus and Reishia clavigera. The movement patterns of the limpet on host snails was observed during 24 h under controlled laboratory conditions. A specific behaviour, referred to as returning behaviour and reminiscent of homing behaviour, was observed in seven out of 20 individuals, and two out of 15 individuals on O. nigerrimus and R. clavigera, respectively.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Multi-layered risk management in under-resourced antenatal clinics
- Feltham-King, Tracey, Macleod, Catriona I
- Authors: Feltham-King, Tracey , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/298561 , vital:57716 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2019.1697432"
- Description: In this article we contribute to critical risk approaches to studying pregnancy and childbirth in the global South. Following Sarah Rudrum’s work, our approach focusses on sociocultural inequalities amid the regulation of individuals. We draw on data from our Foucauldian-inspired ethnography of two antenatal clinics in an under-resourced area of South Africa to illustrate how multi-layered risk management operates in these spaces. These data were collected over a period of six months in the form of semi-structured interviews, observations of consultations and waiting room interactions, documents used in the clinic, and posters appearing on the clinic walls. Our findings show how a scientific-bureaucratic approach to pregnancy risk management, as encoded in international, national and institutional guidelines, is well known, highly visible, and practised through surveillance and reporting mechanisms in clinics. This approach incites healthcare practitioners to achieve particular performance standards and to monitor their professional agency. Managing pregnancy risk thus entails regulating the healthcare practitioners themselves. In implementing approved pregnancy risk management strategies in an over-subscribed and under-resourced public healthcare setting, however, healthcare practitioners face potential risk to their professional reputation and integrity. In managing this risk, they resist the scientific-bureaucratic approach through: depicting themselves as victims of unfair institutional arrangements or unreasonable patients; instituting street-level bureaucracy to control access to the clinics; and controlling patients’ actions in authoritarian ways. Our research shows that without engagement with the on-the-ground realities of the antenatal clinic in resource-poor environments, a scientific-bureaucratic approach to pregnancy risk management is inevitably limited in its effectiveness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Feltham-King, Tracey , Macleod, Catriona I
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/298561 , vital:57716 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2019.1697432"
- Description: In this article we contribute to critical risk approaches to studying pregnancy and childbirth in the global South. Following Sarah Rudrum’s work, our approach focusses on sociocultural inequalities amid the regulation of individuals. We draw on data from our Foucauldian-inspired ethnography of two antenatal clinics in an under-resourced area of South Africa to illustrate how multi-layered risk management operates in these spaces. These data were collected over a period of six months in the form of semi-structured interviews, observations of consultations and waiting room interactions, documents used in the clinic, and posters appearing on the clinic walls. Our findings show how a scientific-bureaucratic approach to pregnancy risk management, as encoded in international, national and institutional guidelines, is well known, highly visible, and practised through surveillance and reporting mechanisms in clinics. This approach incites healthcare practitioners to achieve particular performance standards and to monitor their professional agency. Managing pregnancy risk thus entails regulating the healthcare practitioners themselves. In implementing approved pregnancy risk management strategies in an over-subscribed and under-resourced public healthcare setting, however, healthcare practitioners face potential risk to their professional reputation and integrity. In managing this risk, they resist the scientific-bureaucratic approach through: depicting themselves as victims of unfair institutional arrangements or unreasonable patients; instituting street-level bureaucracy to control access to the clinics; and controlling patients’ actions in authoritarian ways. Our research shows that without engagement with the on-the-ground realities of the antenatal clinic in resource-poor environments, a scientific-bureaucratic approach to pregnancy risk management is inevitably limited in its effectiveness.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Mycorrhizal Interventions for Sustainable Potato Production in Africa
- Chifetete, Varaidzo W, Dames, Joanna F
- Authors: Chifetete, Varaidzo W , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426021 , vital:72307 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.593053"
- Description: The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important tuber crop with high dietary value that could potentially help to alleviate malnutrition and hunger in Africa. However, production is expensive, with high fertilizer and pesticide demands that lead to environmental pollution, and tillage practices that negatively affect soil structure. Microorganisms of different types have increasingly been found to be useful as biofertilizers, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are an important crop symbiont. AM fungi have been shown to increase tolerance of crop plants to drought, salinity and disease by facilitating water and nutrient acquisition and by improving overall soil structure. However, the establishment and maintenance of the symbioses are greatly affected by agricultural practices. Here, we review the benefits that AM fungi confer in potato production, discuss the role and importance of mycorrhiza helper bacteria, and focus on how AM fungal diversity and abundance can be affected by conventional agricultural practices, such as those used in potato production. We suggest approaches for maintaining AM fungal abundance in potato production by highlighting the potential of conservation tillage practices augmented with cover crops and crop rotations. An approach that balances weed control, nutrient provision, and AM fungal helper bacterial populations, whilst promoting functional AM fungal populations for varying potato genotypes, will stimulate efficient mycorrhizal interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Chifetete, Varaidzo W , Dames, Joanna F
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/426021 , vital:72307 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.593053"
- Description: The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important tuber crop with high dietary value that could potentially help to alleviate malnutrition and hunger in Africa. However, production is expensive, with high fertilizer and pesticide demands that lead to environmental pollution, and tillage practices that negatively affect soil structure. Microorganisms of different types have increasingly been found to be useful as biofertilizers, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are an important crop symbiont. AM fungi have been shown to increase tolerance of crop plants to drought, salinity and disease by facilitating water and nutrient acquisition and by improving overall soil structure. However, the establishment and maintenance of the symbioses are greatly affected by agricultural practices. Here, we review the benefits that AM fungi confer in potato production, discuss the role and importance of mycorrhiza helper bacteria, and focus on how AM fungal diversity and abundance can be affected by conventional agricultural practices, such as those used in potato production. We suggest approaches for maintaining AM fungal abundance in potato production by highlighting the potential of conservation tillage practices augmented with cover crops and crop rotations. An approach that balances weed control, nutrient provision, and AM fungal helper bacterial populations, whilst promoting functional AM fungal populations for varying potato genotypes, will stimulate efficient mycorrhizal interventions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Nano-biomimetic drug delivery vehicles: Potential approaches for COVID-19 treatment
- Witika, Bwalya A, Makoni, Pedzisai A, Mweetwa, Larry L, Ntemi, Pascal V, Chikukwa, Mellisa T R, Matafwali, Scott K, Mwila, Chiluba, Mudenda, Steward, Katandula, Jonathan, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Witika, Bwalya A , Makoni, Pedzisai A , Mweetwa, Larry L , Ntemi, Pascal V , Chikukwa, Mellisa T R , Matafwali, Scott K , Mwila, Chiluba , Mudenda, Steward , Katandula, Jonathan , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183440 , vital:43991 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245952"
- Description: The current COVID-19 pandemic has tested the resolve of the global community with more than 35 million infections worldwide and numbers increasing with no cure or vaccine available to date. Nanomedicines have an advantage of providing enhanced permeability and retention and have been extensively studied as targeted drug delivery strategies for the treatment of different disease. The role of monocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and macrophages in diseases, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and atherosclerosis, are better understood and have resulted in improved strategies for targeting and in some instances mimicking these cell types to improve therapeutic outcomes. Consequently, these primary cell types can be exploited for the purposes of serving as a "Trojan horse" for targeted delivery to identified organs and sites of inflammation. State of the art and potential utilization of nanocarriers such as nanospheres/nanocapsules, nanocrystals, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles/nano-structured lipid carriers, dendrimers, and nanosponges for biomimicry and/or targeted delivery of bioactives to cells are reported herein and their potential use in the treatment of COVID-19 infections discussed. Physicochemical properties, viz., hydrophilicity, particle shape, surface charge, composition, concentration, the use of different target-specific ligands on the surface of carriers, and the impact on carrier efficacy and specificity are also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Witika, Bwalya A , Makoni, Pedzisai A , Mweetwa, Larry L , Ntemi, Pascal V , Chikukwa, Mellisa T R , Matafwali, Scott K , Mwila, Chiluba , Mudenda, Steward , Katandula, Jonathan , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/183440 , vital:43991 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245952"
- Description: The current COVID-19 pandemic has tested the resolve of the global community with more than 35 million infections worldwide and numbers increasing with no cure or vaccine available to date. Nanomedicines have an advantage of providing enhanced permeability and retention and have been extensively studied as targeted drug delivery strategies for the treatment of different disease. The role of monocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and macrophages in diseases, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and atherosclerosis, are better understood and have resulted in improved strategies for targeting and in some instances mimicking these cell types to improve therapeutic outcomes. Consequently, these primary cell types can be exploited for the purposes of serving as a "Trojan horse" for targeted delivery to identified organs and sites of inflammation. State of the art and potential utilization of nanocarriers such as nanospheres/nanocapsules, nanocrystals, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles/nano-structured lipid carriers, dendrimers, and nanosponges for biomimicry and/or targeted delivery of bioactives to cells are reported herein and their potential use in the treatment of COVID-19 infections discussed. Physicochemical properties, viz., hydrophilicity, particle shape, surface charge, composition, concentration, the use of different target-specific ligands on the surface of carriers, and the impact on carrier efficacy and specificity are also discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Natural hair chronicles of black female vloggers: influences on their psychological well-being
- Jacobs, Liezille, Kelemi, Anelisa
- Authors: Jacobs, Liezille , Kelemi, Anelisa
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158354 , vital:40177 , https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2020.1796046
- Description: This study explored how hair texture chronicles in a post-colonial country is influenced by psychological well-being and a sense of self in women. Our informants were 10 female, black, South African YouTube vloggers, with Afro-textured, frizzy, natural hair. The participants completed qualitative descriptions of their hair chronicles with vlogging. Thematic analysis of the data yielded the following themes: (i) untangling the politics of hair, identity, and race through transitioning hair stories; (ii) hair chronicles for psychological well-being; and (iii) empowerment from wearing natural hair.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Jacobs, Liezille , Kelemi, Anelisa
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158354 , vital:40177 , https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2020.1796046
- Description: This study explored how hair texture chronicles in a post-colonial country is influenced by psychological well-being and a sense of self in women. Our informants were 10 female, black, South African YouTube vloggers, with Afro-textured, frizzy, natural hair. The participants completed qualitative descriptions of their hair chronicles with vlogging. Thematic analysis of the data yielded the following themes: (i) untangling the politics of hair, identity, and race through transitioning hair stories; (ii) hair chronicles for psychological well-being; and (iii) empowerment from wearing natural hair.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
New difluoroboron complexes based on N, O-chelated Schiff base ligands: Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations and photophysical and electrochemical properties
- Sen, Pinar, Mpeta, Lekhetho S, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Sen, Pinar , Mpeta, Lekhetho S , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186207 , vital:44473 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117262"
- Description: The synthesis of new Schiff bases and their dinuclear boron complexes is described, along with their characterization by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and EDX for elemental analysis. The optical and photophysical properties were examined in terms of their absorption and emission behavior, fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes. The flexible dinuclear boron complexes that are linked by a flexible carbon chain exhibited large Stokes shifts in the range from 92 nm to 115 nm in contrast to BODIPY dyes. Those properties make these complexes precious for applications in fluorescence materials. And also theoretical calculations were obtained by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Sen, Pinar , Mpeta, Lekhetho S , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186207 , vital:44473 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117262"
- Description: The synthesis of new Schiff bases and their dinuclear boron complexes is described, along with their characterization by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and EDX for elemental analysis. The optical and photophysical properties were examined in terms of their absorption and emission behavior, fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes. The flexible dinuclear boron complexes that are linked by a flexible carbon chain exhibited large Stokes shifts in the range from 92 nm to 115 nm in contrast to BODIPY dyes. Those properties make these complexes precious for applications in fluorescence materials. And also theoretical calculations were obtained by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
New directions in Maritime and Fisheries Anthropology:
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179028 , vital:40101 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/aman.13380
- Description: Maritime and fisheries anthropology is a mixture of different themes couched under various theoretical frameworks that straddle the humanities and the sciences. In this subject survey, I explore different thematic and theoretical strands of maritime and fisheries anthropology and illustrate broader changes in this subdiscipline since around the mid‐1990s. I also review developing and future thematic and theoretical research frontiers, and discuss their potential contribution to a public and actionable anthropology/scholarship that can better inform fisheries management and conservation. This is important because in the twenty‐first century, coastal peoples are facing socioeconomic and environmental challenges that are increasingly becoming hazardous. To create a more actionable discipline, anthropology needs to be more accessible, inform innovation, and recapture a more pluralistic scholarship that champions interdisciplinary work. This will require the consilience between the humanities and natural sciences for studying human–marine interactions more broadly and for protecting the marine environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Aswani, Shankar
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/179028 , vital:40101 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1111/aman.13380
- Description: Maritime and fisheries anthropology is a mixture of different themes couched under various theoretical frameworks that straddle the humanities and the sciences. In this subject survey, I explore different thematic and theoretical strands of maritime and fisheries anthropology and illustrate broader changes in this subdiscipline since around the mid‐1990s. I also review developing and future thematic and theoretical research frontiers, and discuss their potential contribution to a public and actionable anthropology/scholarship that can better inform fisheries management and conservation. This is important because in the twenty‐first century, coastal peoples are facing socioeconomic and environmental challenges that are increasingly becoming hazardous. To create a more actionable discipline, anthropology needs to be more accessible, inform innovation, and recapture a more pluralistic scholarship that champions interdisciplinary work. This will require the consilience between the humanities and natural sciences for studying human–marine interactions more broadly and for protecting the marine environment.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
NIR Absorbing AzaBODIPY Dyes for pH Sensing
- Kubheka, Gugu, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello, Zhen, Shen
- Authors: Kubheka, Gugu , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello , Zhen, Shen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186668 , vital:44523 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163689"
- Description: Two near-infrared (NIR) absorbing di(thien-2-nyl)-di(dimethylanilino)azaBODIPY dyes 2a and 2b were synthesized and characterized that differ depending on whether the dimethylaniline substituents are introduced at the 3,5- or 1,7-positions of the azaBODIPY core. The main spectral bands lie at 824 and 790 nm, respectively, in CH2Cl2. The effect of substituent position on the photophysical and pH sensing properties was analyzed through a comparison of the optical properties with the results of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Protonation of the dimethylamino nitrogen atoms eliminates the intramolecular charge transfer properties of these compounds, and this results in a marked blue-shift of the main absorption bands to 696 and 730 nm, respectively, in CH2Cl2, and a fluorescence “turn-on” effect in the NIR region. The pH dependence studies reveal that the pKa values of the non-protonated 2a and 2b molecules are ca. 6.9 (±0.05) and 7.3 (±0.05), respectively, while that of the monoprotonated species for both dyes is ca. 1.4 (±0.05) making them potentially suitable for use as colorimetric pH indicators under highly acidic conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kubheka, Gugu , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello , Zhen, Shen
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186668 , vital:44523 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163689"
- Description: Two near-infrared (NIR) absorbing di(thien-2-nyl)-di(dimethylanilino)azaBODIPY dyes 2a and 2b were synthesized and characterized that differ depending on whether the dimethylaniline substituents are introduced at the 3,5- or 1,7-positions of the azaBODIPY core. The main spectral bands lie at 824 and 790 nm, respectively, in CH2Cl2. The effect of substituent position on the photophysical and pH sensing properties was analyzed through a comparison of the optical properties with the results of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Protonation of the dimethylamino nitrogen atoms eliminates the intramolecular charge transfer properties of these compounds, and this results in a marked blue-shift of the main absorption bands to 696 and 730 nm, respectively, in CH2Cl2, and a fluorescence “turn-on” effect in the NIR region. The pH dependence studies reveal that the pKa values of the non-protonated 2a and 2b molecules are ca. 6.9 (±0.05) and 7.3 (±0.05), respectively, while that of the monoprotonated species for both dyes is ca. 1.4 (±0.05) making them potentially suitable for use as colorimetric pH indicators under highly acidic conditions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Non-aggregated lipophilic water-soluble tin porphyrins as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy:
- Babu, Balaji, Soy, Rodah C, Mack, John, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Babu, Balaji , Soy, Rodah C , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158241 , vital:40165 , DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01564d
- Description: Two readily synthesized water-soluble Sn(IV) porphyrins have been prepared with quaternized pyridyl nitrogens and 2-naphthalato trans-axial ligands. Methyl and hexyl groups were attached to the quaternized nitrogens to form lipophilic dyes with high singlet oxygen quantum yields (ca. 0.90) and unusually long triplet state lifetimes. The dyes exhibit good photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 14.3 and 8.5 μM, respectively. The hexyl quaternized dye exhibited a 9.69 log reduction value (0.5 μM) towards S. aureus under illumination for 90 min (250 mW cm−2). The results demonstrate that this set of structural modification strategies for photosensitizer dyes merits further in depth study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Babu, Balaji , Soy, Rodah C , Mack, John , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/158241 , vital:40165 , DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01564d
- Description: Two readily synthesized water-soluble Sn(IV) porphyrins have been prepared with quaternized pyridyl nitrogens and 2-naphthalato trans-axial ligands. Methyl and hexyl groups were attached to the quaternized nitrogens to form lipophilic dyes with high singlet oxygen quantum yields (ca. 0.90) and unusually long triplet state lifetimes. The dyes exhibit good photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 14.3 and 8.5 μM, respectively. The hexyl quaternized dye exhibited a 9.69 log reduction value (0.5 μM) towards S. aureus under illumination for 90 min (250 mW cm−2). The results demonstrate that this set of structural modification strategies for photosensitizer dyes merits further in depth study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Non-material costs of wildlife conservation to local people and their implications for conservation interventions:
- Thondhlana, Gladman, Redpath, Stephen Mark, Vedeld, Pål Olav, van Eden, Lily, Pascual, Unai, Sherren, Kate, Murata, Chenai
- Authors: Thondhlana, Gladman , Redpath, Stephen Mark , Vedeld, Pål Olav , van Eden, Lily , Pascual, Unai , Sherren, Kate , Murata, Chenai
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150174 , vital:38946 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108578
- Description: In assessment of costs (and benefits) of wildlife conservation, conventional economic valuation frameworks may inadequately address various non-tangible values and neglect social, cultural and political contexts of resources and their use. Correspondingly, there seems to be much more focus on quantifying the economic, material benefits and costs of wildlife conservation than the non-material aspects that also affect human well-being. In addition, current research on the costs of wildlife conservation tends to be discipline-focused which constrains comparability, often causing conceptual ambiguity. This paper is an attempt to address this ambiguity. While there is growing acknowledgement of the material costs of wildlife conservation, we contend that employing a broader, composite social well-being approach may provide better conceptual insights on—and practical options for—managing various non-material impacts of wildlife conservation for local people.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Thondhlana, Gladman , Redpath, Stephen Mark , Vedeld, Pål Olav , van Eden, Lily , Pascual, Unai , Sherren, Kate , Murata, Chenai
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/150174 , vital:38946 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108578
- Description: In assessment of costs (and benefits) of wildlife conservation, conventional economic valuation frameworks may inadequately address various non-tangible values and neglect social, cultural and political contexts of resources and their use. Correspondingly, there seems to be much more focus on quantifying the economic, material benefits and costs of wildlife conservation than the non-material aspects that also affect human well-being. In addition, current research on the costs of wildlife conservation tends to be discipline-focused which constrains comparability, often causing conceptual ambiguity. This paper is an attempt to address this ambiguity. While there is growing acknowledgement of the material costs of wildlife conservation, we contend that employing a broader, composite social well-being approach may provide better conceptual insights on—and practical options for—managing various non-material impacts of wildlife conservation for local people.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Nonlinear optical response and electrocatalytic activity of cobalt phthalocyanine clicked zinc oxide nanoparticles
- Mpeta, Lekhetho S, Sekhosana, Kutloano E, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Mpeta, Lekhetho S , Sekhosana, Kutloano E , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186179 , vital:44471 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2020.119661"
- Description: In this article, we report on the linking of cobalt tetrakis (4-pentyn-oxy) phthalocyanine (CoTPPc) to ZnO nanoparticles via click chemistry. Subsequently, electrocatalytic activity and nonlinear optical properties were investigated (the latter using an open Z-scan technique at 532 nm). The linking of CoTPPc with ZnO resulted in the lowest limiting intensity value of 0.27 J.Cm−2, the βeff (cmW−1) values were found to be 1.51 × 10-8 and 7.10 × 104 for ZnO and CoTPPc-ZnO respectively. The catalytic rate constants (M−1s−1) (and limits of detection) were 4.1 × 104 (12.87 µM), 5.7 × 104 (8.62 µM) and 7.36 × 104 (4.35 µM) for ZnO, CoTPPc and CoTPPc-ZnO. Hence linking ZnO nanoparticles to CoTPPc result in the enhancement of both nonlinear optical behaviour and catalytic activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Mpeta, Lekhetho S , Sekhosana, Kutloano E , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/186179 , vital:44471 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2020.119661"
- Description: In this article, we report on the linking of cobalt tetrakis (4-pentyn-oxy) phthalocyanine (CoTPPc) to ZnO nanoparticles via click chemistry. Subsequently, electrocatalytic activity and nonlinear optical properties were investigated (the latter using an open Z-scan technique at 532 nm). The linking of CoTPPc with ZnO resulted in the lowest limiting intensity value of 0.27 J.Cm−2, the βeff (cmW−1) values were found to be 1.51 × 10-8 and 7.10 × 104 for ZnO and CoTPPc-ZnO respectively. The catalytic rate constants (M−1s−1) (and limits of detection) were 4.1 × 104 (12.87 µM), 5.7 × 104 (8.62 µM) and 7.36 × 104 (4.35 µM) for ZnO, CoTPPc and CoTPPc-ZnO. Hence linking ZnO nanoparticles to CoTPPc result in the enhancement of both nonlinear optical behaviour and catalytic activity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020