- Title
- An intergrated continuous flow system for the manufacture of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using a heterogeneous acid catalyst and homogeneous base catalyst
- Creator
- Mathe,Francis Matota
- Subject
- Biodiesel fuels industry
- Subject
- Catalysis
- Subject
- Vegetable oils as fuel
- Date Issued
- 2017
- Date
- 2017
- Type
- Thesis
- Type
- Masters
- Type
- MSc
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/10948/44460
- Identifier
- vital:37837
- Description
- The continuous flow production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) was investigated in this study. Two different methods of biodiesel production were investigated. The first method involved the acid esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs). In the biodiesel community, the esterification of FFAs in WCO is usually regarded as the pre-treatment stage of biodiesel production using low-quality feedstock.The second method involved the transesterification of triglycerides in WCO. Homogeneous catalysts (NaOH or H2SO4) and heterogeneous catalysts (NaOH/ZnO, Sn/ZnO, Amberlyst-15, Amberlite-IRA 904, Fe/Bentonite and Amberlite IRN 78) were evaluated in the transesterification reaction. Catalyst screening was done using a batch reactor. NaOH gave a high úME content of 96.7% and was chosen as the optimum catalyst for the reaction.The main aim of the project was to make an integrated system that incorporates the esterification and transesterification reaction in the flow production of biodiesel using WCO. The system was developed using the conditions obtained from optimum studies of the separate reactions. Slight adjustments based on further experimental work were made to create an efficient system. The effect of excess methanol from the first step on the concentration of NaOH in the second phase was investigated. It was shown that the excess methanol decreases the concentration of the NaOH and this decreases the úMEs in the final mixture of biodiesel.
- Format
- xi,121 leaves
- Format
- Publisher
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- Publisher
- Faculty of Science
- Language
- English
- Rights
- Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University
- Hits: 1064
- Visitors: 1131
- Downloads: 101
| Thumbnail | File | Description | Size | Format | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| View Details Download | SOURCE1 | Francis Mathe.pdf | 1 MB | Adobe Acrobat PDF | View Details Download |