An Assessment of the Effect of Rotenone on Selected Non-Target Aquatic Fauna
- Dalu, Tatenda, Wasserman, Ryan J, Jordaan, Martine, Froneman, P William, Weyl, Olaf L F
- Authors: Dalu, Tatenda , Wasserman, Ryan J , Jordaan, Martine , Froneman, P William , Weyl, Olaf L F
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124240 , vital:35579 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142140.g001
- Description: Rotenone, a naturally occurring ketone, is widely employed for the management of invasive fish species. The use of rotenone poses serious challenges to conservation practitioners due to its impacts on non-target organisms including amphibians and macroinvertebrates. Using laboratory studies, we investigated the effects of different rotenone concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 100 μg L-1) on selected invertebrate groups; Aeshnidae, Belostomatids, Decapods, Ephemeroptera, Pulmonata and zooplankton over a period of 18 hours. Based on field observations and body size, we hypothesized that Ephemeropterans and zooplank- ton would be more susceptible to rote none than Decapods, Belostomatids and snails. Experimental results supported this hypothesis and mortality and behaviour effects varied considerably between taxa, ranging from no effect (crab Potamonuates sidneyi) to 100% mortality (Daphnia pulex and Paradiaptomus lamellatus). Planktonic invertebrates were par- ticularly sensitive to rotenone even at very low concentrations. Future research should investigate the recovery time of invertebrate communities after the application of rotenone and conduct field assessments assessing the longer term effects of rotenone exposure on the population dynamics of those less sensitive organisms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Dalu, Tatenda , Wasserman, Ryan J , Jordaan, Martine , Froneman, P William , Weyl, Olaf L F
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/124240 , vital:35579 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142140.g001
- Description: Rotenone, a naturally occurring ketone, is widely employed for the management of invasive fish species. The use of rotenone poses serious challenges to conservation practitioners due to its impacts on non-target organisms including amphibians and macroinvertebrates. Using laboratory studies, we investigated the effects of different rotenone concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 100 μg L-1) on selected invertebrate groups; Aeshnidae, Belostomatids, Decapods, Ephemeroptera, Pulmonata and zooplankton over a period of 18 hours. Based on field observations and body size, we hypothesized that Ephemeropterans and zooplank- ton would be more susceptible to rote none than Decapods, Belostomatids and snails. Experimental results supported this hypothesis and mortality and behaviour effects varied considerably between taxa, ranging from no effect (crab Potamonuates sidneyi) to 100% mortality (Daphnia pulex and Paradiaptomus lamellatus). Planktonic invertebrates were par- ticularly sensitive to rotenone even at very low concentrations. Future research should investigate the recovery time of invertebrate communities after the application of rotenone and conduct field assessments assessing the longer term effects of rotenone exposure on the population dynamics of those less sensitive organisms.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
An assessment of the effect of rotenone on selected non-target aquatic fauna:
- Dalu, Tatenda, Wasserman, Ryan J, Jordaan, Martine, Froneman, P William, Weyl, Olaf L F
- Authors: Dalu, Tatenda , Wasserman, Ryan J , Jordaan, Martine , Froneman, P William , Weyl, Olaf L F
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143247 , vital:38214 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142140
- Description: Rotenone, a naturally occurring ketone, is widely employed for the management of invasive fish species. The use of rotenone poses serious challenges to conservation practitioners due to its impacts on non-target organisms including amphibians and macroinvertebrates. Using laboratory studies, we investigated the effects of different rotenone concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 100 μg L-1) on selected invertebrate groups; Aeshnidae, Belostomatids, Decapods, Ephemeroptera, Pulmonata and zooplankton over a period of 18 hours. Based on field observations and body size, we hypothesized that Ephemeropterans and zooplankton would be more susceptible to rotenone than Decapods, Belostomatids and snails.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Dalu, Tatenda , Wasserman, Ryan J , Jordaan, Martine , Froneman, P William , Weyl, Olaf L F
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143247 , vital:38214 , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142140
- Description: Rotenone, a naturally occurring ketone, is widely employed for the management of invasive fish species. The use of rotenone poses serious challenges to conservation practitioners due to its impacts on non-target organisms including amphibians and macroinvertebrates. Using laboratory studies, we investigated the effects of different rotenone concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 100 μg L-1) on selected invertebrate groups; Aeshnidae, Belostomatids, Decapods, Ephemeroptera, Pulmonata and zooplankton over a period of 18 hours. Based on field observations and body size, we hypothesized that Ephemeropterans and zooplankton would be more susceptible to rotenone than Decapods, Belostomatids and snails.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
Fish predation regimes modify benthic diatom community structures: experimental evidence from an in situ mesocosm study
- Wasserman, Ryan J, Vink, Tim J F, Dalu, Tatenda, Froneman, P William
- Authors: Wasserman, Ryan J , Vink, Tim J F , Dalu, Tatenda , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68052 , vital:29190 , https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12255
- Description: Publisher version , Diatoms are important primary producers in shallow water environments. Few studies have assessed the importance of biological interactions in structuring these communities. In the present study, benthic diatom community structure in relation to manipulated food webs was assessed using in situ mesocosms, whereby predator-free environments and environments comprising two different fish species were assessed. Zooplankton abundance, settled algal biomass and the diatom community were monitored over a 12‐day period across each of the three trophic scenarios. Differences among treatments over time were observed in zooplankton abundances, particularly copepods. Similarly, the benthic diatom community structure changed significantly over time across the three trophic treatments. However, no differences in total algal biomass were found among treatments. This was likely the result of non‐diatom phytoplankton contributions. We propose that the benthic diatom community structure within the mesocosms was influenced by trophic cascades and potentially through direct consumption by the fish. The study highlights that not only are organisms at the base of the food web affected by predators at the top of the food web, but that predator identity is potentially an important consideration for predator–prey interaction outcomes with consequences for multiple trophic levels.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Wasserman, Ryan J , Vink, Tim J F , Dalu, Tatenda , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68052 , vital:29190 , https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12255
- Description: Publisher version , Diatoms are important primary producers in shallow water environments. Few studies have assessed the importance of biological interactions in structuring these communities. In the present study, benthic diatom community structure in relation to manipulated food webs was assessed using in situ mesocosms, whereby predator-free environments and environments comprising two different fish species were assessed. Zooplankton abundance, settled algal biomass and the diatom community were monitored over a 12‐day period across each of the three trophic scenarios. Differences among treatments over time were observed in zooplankton abundances, particularly copepods. Similarly, the benthic diatom community structure changed significantly over time across the three trophic treatments. However, no differences in total algal biomass were found among treatments. This was likely the result of non‐diatom phytoplankton contributions. We propose that the benthic diatom community structure within the mesocosms was influenced by trophic cascades and potentially through direct consumption by the fish. The study highlights that not only are organisms at the base of the food web affected by predators at the top of the food web, but that predator identity is potentially an important consideration for predator–prey interaction outcomes with consequences for multiple trophic levels.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
Preliminary evidence for the organisation of a bacterial community by zooplanktivores at the top of an estuarine planktonic food web
- Wasserman, Ryan J, Matcher, Gwynneth F, Vink, Tim J F, Froneman, P William
- Authors: Wasserman, Ryan J , Matcher, Gwynneth F , Vink, Tim J F , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68237 , vital:29222 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-014-0505-3
- Description: Publisher version , As part of a larger investigation, the effect of apex predation on estuarine bacterial community structure, through trophic cascading, was investigated using experimental in situ mesocosms. Through either the removal (filtration) or addition of specific size classes of planktonic groups, four different trophic scenarios were established using estuarine water and its associated plankton. One such treatment represented a “natural” scenario in which stable apex predatory pressure was qualified. Water samples were collected over time from each of the treatments for bacterial community evaluation. These samples were assessed through pyrosequencing of the variable regions 4 and 5 of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and analysed at the species operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level using a community procedure. The blue-green group dominated the samples, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Samples were the most similar among treatments at the commencement of the experiment. While the bacterial communities sampled within each treatment changed over time, the deviation from initial appeared to be linked to the treatment trophic scenarios. The least temporal deviation-from-initial in bacterial community was found within the stable apex predatory pressure treatment. These findings are consistent with trophic cascade theory, whereby predators mediate interactions at multiple lower trophic levels with consequent repercussions for diversity.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Wasserman, Ryan J , Matcher, Gwynneth F , Vink, Tim J F , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68237 , vital:29222 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-014-0505-3
- Description: Publisher version , As part of a larger investigation, the effect of apex predation on estuarine bacterial community structure, through trophic cascading, was investigated using experimental in situ mesocosms. Through either the removal (filtration) or addition of specific size classes of planktonic groups, four different trophic scenarios were established using estuarine water and its associated plankton. One such treatment represented a “natural” scenario in which stable apex predatory pressure was qualified. Water samples were collected over time from each of the treatments for bacterial community evaluation. These samples were assessed through pyrosequencing of the variable regions 4 and 5 of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and analysed at the species operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level using a community procedure. The blue-green group dominated the samples, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Samples were the most similar among treatments at the commencement of the experiment. While the bacterial communities sampled within each treatment changed over time, the deviation from initial appeared to be linked to the treatment trophic scenarios. The least temporal deviation-from-initial in bacterial community was found within the stable apex predatory pressure treatment. These findings are consistent with trophic cascade theory, whereby predators mediate interactions at multiple lower trophic levels with consequent repercussions for diversity.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
Spawning and nest guarding of the river goby (Glossogobius callidus) from the Eastern Cape province of South Africa
- Wasserman, Ryan J, Vink, Tim J F, Woodford, Darragh J, Froneman, P William
- Authors: Wasserman, Ryan J , Vink, Tim J F , Woodford, Darragh J , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68144 , vital:29203 , https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12228
- Description: Publisher version , Introduction: The River goby, Glossogobius callidus (Smith 1937), occurs naturally in rivers and the upper reaches of estuaries along the eastern seaboard of southern Africa (Whitfield, 1998; James et al., 2007; Wasserman, Strydom & Wooldridge, 2010). This fish species is among the most abundant of fishes in many river systems of the region and is considered an important predator in these habitats, feeding on invertebrates and small fish (Whitfield, 1998; Strydom & Neira, 2006; Wasserman, 2012; Wasserman et al., 2014). Despite this, ecological information on this goby is sparse and to date, no published records on the biology of the species exist. The urgent need for such information was recently highlighted in a study that identified G. callidus as a potentially invasive species, given its ability to rapidly establish in novel environments (Woodford et al., 2013). The present study therefore endeavoured to determine the reproductive guild to which G. callidus belong and describe aspects of their spawning. This was performed by closely observing wild caught, mature G. callidus in aquaria over a 25-day period.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Wasserman, Ryan J , Vink, Tim J F , Woodford, Darragh J , Froneman, P William
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68144 , vital:29203 , https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12228
- Description: Publisher version , Introduction: The River goby, Glossogobius callidus (Smith 1937), occurs naturally in rivers and the upper reaches of estuaries along the eastern seaboard of southern Africa (Whitfield, 1998; James et al., 2007; Wasserman, Strydom & Wooldridge, 2010). This fish species is among the most abundant of fishes in many river systems of the region and is considered an important predator in these habitats, feeding on invertebrates and small fish (Whitfield, 1998; Strydom & Neira, 2006; Wasserman, 2012; Wasserman et al., 2014). Despite this, ecological information on this goby is sparse and to date, no published records on the biology of the species exist. The urgent need for such information was recently highlighted in a study that identified G. callidus as a potentially invasive species, given its ability to rapidly establish in novel environments (Woodford et al., 2013). The present study therefore endeavoured to determine the reproductive guild to which G. callidus belong and describe aspects of their spawning. This was performed by closely observing wild caught, mature G. callidus in aquaria over a 25-day period.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2015
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