Comparison between Endothelin, Nitric Oxide and their Association to Blood Pressure and Body Composition in HIV Patients, in Mthatha
- Authors: Zono, Sinethemba
- Date: 2015
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/2909 , vital:43105
- Description: Background: Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is an early finding in the progression of cardiovascular disease and is closely related to clinical events in patients with obesity and hypertension. Vascular function is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET-1) which serve as natural counterparts. The aim of the study was to determine the physiological effects of HIV infection, blood pressure and body composition on the changes of ET-1 and NO and association between ET-1 and NO. Methods and results: This was a descriptive and comparative study. A Quota sample method was used. The study population consisted of 154 participants categorized into the following groups: 57 HIV negative participants (A), 40 HIV positive not on treatment participants and 57 HIV positive on treatment participants. Enzyme immunoassay kit was used for the quantitative determination of ET-1 and Nitrate/nitrite colorimetric assay kit was used for the determination of NO. Anthropometric measurements, body composition were determined. Hemodynamic measurements were also taken into account. Results: Resting metabolism, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference had low mean levels in both HIV positives groups compared to HIV negative group. On lipid profiles visceral fat (VF), whole fat (WF) had low mean levels but skeletal muscle fat (SMF) showed the highest mean levels in both HIV positive groups. All the blood pressures between HIV groups were on a normal range scale. Mean values of endothelin and nitric oxide are increased in HIV positive not on ART and HIV (+) on ART compared with the HIV negative group. Conclusion: NO, ET-1, ART and HIV itself were associated with the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in persons with HIV infection. Elevated endothelial markers namely ET-1 and NO can lead to improvement of endothelium dependent relaxation to some extent but not completely. Although these markers have deleterious effect on the endothelium but can also serve as up-regulator of hypertension. Key words: HIV-infection, antiretroviral therapy, endothelial dysfunction, Endothelin1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), blood pressures (BPs). , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2015
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- Date Issued: 2015
Comparison between Endothelin, Nitric Oxide and their Association to Blood Pressure and Body Composition in HIV Patients, in Mthatha
- Authors: Zono, Sinethemba
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: Masters theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/3550 , vital:43627
- Description: The motivation for this study is that Health Resource Centres of the Eastern Cape ought to provide access to high quality, relevant and appropriate information that is evidence-based and responsive to the needs of health professionals thereby assisting health professionals accomplish their tasks. In order to provide access to quality information, the Health Resource Centres are expected to provide information services within an acceptable framework of service standards. This study seeks to explore the implementation of standards in the Health Resource Centres of the Eastern Cape. The study was carried out in two phases namely a literature review and a survey. The study used the quantitative method of collecting data by means of a cross-sectional survey. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was piloted in the Queenstown Health Resource Centre, after which appropriate changes were made before the commencement of data collection. The study was conducted in the three other Health Resource Centres of the Eastern Cape, namely Umtata Health Resource Centre, East London Health Resource Centre and Port Elizabeth Health Resource Centre. Health Resource Centre managers completed the questionnaires. The overall findings of this study show that the three Health Resource Centres uphold service standards. The results show that the Health Resource Centres were compliant with the service standards relating to both services and management areas. The Health Resource Centres were more compliant with standards relating to service areas than they were to standards relating to management areas. The results of the study furthermore demonstrate that the Umtata Health Resource Centre was most compliant regarding service areas (86,20%) compared to the East London Health Resource Centre (82,75%) and the Port Elizabeth Health Resource Centre (72,41%). In regard to management areas, the results show that the Umtata Health Resource Centre and East London Health Resource were more compliant than the Port Elizabeth Health Resource Centre. However certain aspects of their service such as availability of space, health and safety, staff performance and development, quality leadership and design and financial management need further attention. The study suggests that further research is required to objectively verify implementation of standards, to solicit health professionals’ opinions and experiences about the services provided by these Health Resource Centres and to find out if there is any connection between the quality of services provided and the quality of patient care. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2015
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- Date Issued: 2011