An evaluation of the feasibility of obtaining payment for ecosystem services for the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve
- Authors: Erlank, Wayne Michael
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Ecosystem services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Ecology -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Environmental economics -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Water-supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Water-supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management Water resources development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Nature conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:742 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003862
- Description: Cities must go further and further away to find new, more costly sources of water for human consumption while industries and agriculture continue to compete for increasingly scarce water resources. This may already be seen occurring within the Nelson Mandela Bay Metro where the severe drought being experienced during the past 18 months has severely depleted water supply dams. One of the main supply dams to the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality is situated within the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site. The potential of funding the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site with payments for ecosystem services (water) obtained for water services supplied to the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipalities and agriculture in the Gamtoos River Valley will ensure financial sustainable for the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site in the long term. This ability to become financially independent and generate its own income will place the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site in a unique position within the conservation community in South Africa as only a very few protected areas are self sustaining through payment for an ecosystem service.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Erlank, Wayne Michael
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Ecosystem services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Ecology -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Environmental economics -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Water-supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Water-supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management Water resources development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Nature conservation -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:742 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003862
- Description: Cities must go further and further away to find new, more costly sources of water for human consumption while industries and agriculture continue to compete for increasingly scarce water resources. This may already be seen occurring within the Nelson Mandela Bay Metro where the severe drought being experienced during the past 18 months has severely depleted water supply dams. One of the main supply dams to the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality is situated within the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site. The potential of funding the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site with payments for ecosystem services (water) obtained for water services supplied to the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipalities and agriculture in the Gamtoos River Valley will ensure financial sustainable for the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site in the long term. This ability to become financially independent and generate its own income will place the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site in a unique position within the conservation community in South Africa as only a very few protected areas are self sustaining through payment for an ecosystem service.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An evaluation of the marketing and distribution channels of the Mzuzu Coffee Planters Cooperative Union (MZCPCU)
- Jussa, Leman Abdulrazak Wyson
- Authors: Jussa, Leman Abdulrazak Wyson
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Mzuzu Coffee Planters Cooperative Union Coffee -- Marketing -- Malawi Marketing channels -- Evaluation -- Malawi Agricultural development projects -- Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:819 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008300
- Description: Literature and the cooperative movement in Malawi shows that the first cooperative was established in 1947. Since the economy of the country depends on agriculture, most cooperatives were strongly developed in the fields of agricultural production, and processing and marketing. The first coffee cooperative was registered in 1950, known as the Nchenachena Coffee Producers Cooperative Society. After Malawi 's independence in 1964, agricultural cooperatives were dissolved and government formed the Farmers Marketing Board (FMB) to take over all marketing activities of all crops, including coffee. The FMB was replaced by the Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation (ADMARC) in 1967. After the dissolution of agricultural cooperatives, government saw the need for crop development and established Smallholder Coffee Authority in 1971. The Smallholder Coffee Authority worked up to 1999 when it collapsed because of administrative and financial problems. Due to the failure of the Smallholder Coffee Authority, the government of Malawi reintroduced agricultural cooperatives in 1999. Mzuzu Coffee Planters ' Cooperative Union was formed in 2006 following the re-introduction of cooperatives. The union is mandated to promote sustainable production, processing and marketing of Arabica coffee on behalf of the farmers. Since its inception, the output of coffee for export from the Mzuzu Coffee Planters Cooperative Union has increased from 156 tonnes in 2006 to over 400 tonnes in 2009. The increase in coffee exports was not by mere chance but a number of factors contributed to this success. The main reasons for this success were: • Strong prior relationship between the growers and the buyers • The uniqueness of the cooperative business model • The unique taste and quality of coffee grown • The introduction of a different approach to farming coffee Currently there is high demand for organic coffee and this could be a niche market that is not only rewarded with premium prices but also creates environmental friendly business. The union considers Fair Trade market as an alternative approach to conventional trade, aiming at improving the livelihoods of smallholder producers by improving payments, giving them fair prices and providing continuity in trading relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Jussa, Leman Abdulrazak Wyson
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Mzuzu Coffee Planters Cooperative Union Coffee -- Marketing -- Malawi Marketing channels -- Evaluation -- Malawi Agricultural development projects -- Malawi
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:819 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008300
- Description: Literature and the cooperative movement in Malawi shows that the first cooperative was established in 1947. Since the economy of the country depends on agriculture, most cooperatives were strongly developed in the fields of agricultural production, and processing and marketing. The first coffee cooperative was registered in 1950, known as the Nchenachena Coffee Producers Cooperative Society. After Malawi 's independence in 1964, agricultural cooperatives were dissolved and government formed the Farmers Marketing Board (FMB) to take over all marketing activities of all crops, including coffee. The FMB was replaced by the Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation (ADMARC) in 1967. After the dissolution of agricultural cooperatives, government saw the need for crop development and established Smallholder Coffee Authority in 1971. The Smallholder Coffee Authority worked up to 1999 when it collapsed because of administrative and financial problems. Due to the failure of the Smallholder Coffee Authority, the government of Malawi reintroduced agricultural cooperatives in 1999. Mzuzu Coffee Planters ' Cooperative Union was formed in 2006 following the re-introduction of cooperatives. The union is mandated to promote sustainable production, processing and marketing of Arabica coffee on behalf of the farmers. Since its inception, the output of coffee for export from the Mzuzu Coffee Planters Cooperative Union has increased from 156 tonnes in 2006 to over 400 tonnes in 2009. The increase in coffee exports was not by mere chance but a number of factors contributed to this success. The main reasons for this success were: • Strong prior relationship between the growers and the buyers • The uniqueness of the cooperative business model • The unique taste and quality of coffee grown • The introduction of a different approach to farming coffee Currently there is high demand for organic coffee and this could be a niche market that is not only rewarded with premium prices but also creates environmental friendly business. The union considers Fair Trade market as an alternative approach to conventional trade, aiming at improving the livelihoods of smallholder producers by improving payments, giving them fair prices and providing continuity in trading relationships.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An evaluation of the provision of houses in the Eastern Cape at Intsika Yethu local municipality: the case of Joe Slovo informal settlement at Chris Hani District Municipality (for the period 2009-2011)
- Authors: Mbotoloshi, Zukile
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11637 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001245 , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The research seeks to evaluate the housing service rendering in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality with special reference to the Joe Slovo informal settlement at Chris Hani District Municipality. The introduction provides the general overview of the study and provides a background to the intention of the research to evaluate the housing services provision in the municipality. The problem statements briefly describe the problem identified in the study and the objectives of the study are set. The theoretical framework is provided and the theories used to evaluate the housing service are discussed which are institutional theory and the system theory. The importance of conducting the research is discussed and the limitations of the study are discussed in the research. Importantly, the study plan directs the researcher in the direction towards the goals of the research. Also the terms used in this study that are not clear were defined to avoid misinterpretation; misunderstanding and confusion of words and terms. The review of the current literature on the theoretical framework and the nature and place of public administration was discussed. The policy process and the nature and place of policy making as well as steps in policymaking were discussed. The nature and place of policy implementation which includes all the functions was discussed in the study. The policy analysis and evaluation as the final step in the policy process including the stages in policy analysis and evaluation i.e. input phase; processing and conversion phase; output phase, impact/effect phase were discussed The legislative framework for rendering of housing services in South Africa was discussed as it influence and affects the housing service rendering in Intsika Yethu Local Municipality. The role of municipal authorities in the rendering of housing services was discussed. The permission to conduct research was received from Intsika Yethu local municipality on the 13 October 2009 from the Municipal Manager. The research design was explained together with research approaches and strategy as qualitative and quantitative. The research methodology with a clear population and sampling for the study as well as the data collection instruments and procedures as questionnaires; literature study and interviews were explained. The ethical considerations are discussed. The data analysis and interpretation was conducted to enable the researcher to identify patterns which are consistent within the data. The theory and techniques for data analysis was discussed to link the theory and data analysis. The demographics of chief officials and political office bearers as respondents include their age; year of service, home language, gender, the academic qualification as well as the different stakeholders were analysed. The housing as essential services in the initiation of policy which the input phase of the Systems theory analysis was conducted and the data on the nature of housing services as output phase were analysed and discussed. The data on the structural problems were analysed and discussed. Also the analysis was conducted on the legislative framework for housing x services. The problems with the rendering of housing services especially administrative enabling problems as a processing phase in the policy process were analysed and discussed. And lastly, the possible solutions to the solving of housing problems were discussed and analysed. The findings of the study were provided and discussed and the concluding remarks were provided to whether the problem is real and whether the hypothesis is true and valid. The recommendations of the study were provided to enable Intsika Yethu Local Municipality to improve the housing service provisioning and ultimately to provide better service delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Mbotoloshi, Zukile
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11637 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001245 , Local government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Municipal services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Housing policy -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The research seeks to evaluate the housing service rendering in the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality with special reference to the Joe Slovo informal settlement at Chris Hani District Municipality. The introduction provides the general overview of the study and provides a background to the intention of the research to evaluate the housing services provision in the municipality. The problem statements briefly describe the problem identified in the study and the objectives of the study are set. The theoretical framework is provided and the theories used to evaluate the housing service are discussed which are institutional theory and the system theory. The importance of conducting the research is discussed and the limitations of the study are discussed in the research. Importantly, the study plan directs the researcher in the direction towards the goals of the research. Also the terms used in this study that are not clear were defined to avoid misinterpretation; misunderstanding and confusion of words and terms. The review of the current literature on the theoretical framework and the nature and place of public administration was discussed. The policy process and the nature and place of policy making as well as steps in policymaking were discussed. The nature and place of policy implementation which includes all the functions was discussed in the study. The policy analysis and evaluation as the final step in the policy process including the stages in policy analysis and evaluation i.e. input phase; processing and conversion phase; output phase, impact/effect phase were discussed The legislative framework for rendering of housing services in South Africa was discussed as it influence and affects the housing service rendering in Intsika Yethu Local Municipality. The role of municipal authorities in the rendering of housing services was discussed. The permission to conduct research was received from Intsika Yethu local municipality on the 13 October 2009 from the Municipal Manager. The research design was explained together with research approaches and strategy as qualitative and quantitative. The research methodology with a clear population and sampling for the study as well as the data collection instruments and procedures as questionnaires; literature study and interviews were explained. The ethical considerations are discussed. The data analysis and interpretation was conducted to enable the researcher to identify patterns which are consistent within the data. The theory and techniques for data analysis was discussed to link the theory and data analysis. The demographics of chief officials and political office bearers as respondents include their age; year of service, home language, gender, the academic qualification as well as the different stakeholders were analysed. The housing as essential services in the initiation of policy which the input phase of the Systems theory analysis was conducted and the data on the nature of housing services as output phase were analysed and discussed. The data on the structural problems were analysed and discussed. Also the analysis was conducted on the legislative framework for housing x services. The problems with the rendering of housing services especially administrative enabling problems as a processing phase in the policy process were analysed and discussed. And lastly, the possible solutions to the solving of housing problems were discussed and analysed. The findings of the study were provided and discussed and the concluding remarks were provided to whether the problem is real and whether the hypothesis is true and valid. The recommendations of the study were provided to enable Intsika Yethu Local Municipality to improve the housing service provisioning and ultimately to provide better service delivery.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An evaluation of the quality customer service delivered by Eskom to rural household customers in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Myoli, Mncedi Eric
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power distribution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electric power distribution -- Customer services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electric power distribution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Quality control , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Customer services -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural electrification -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:838 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013564
- Description: [Abstract - Conclusion]: This research study confirms the theory in the literature review on delivery of quality service to customers and premise that there is a statistically significant difference between Eskom service as perceived by rural prepaid household customers and their expectations. This study also highlights the need for Eskom management to take into cognisance the unique rural prepaid customer service needs and how to meet them, perhaps a differentiated service approach rather than a one-strategy-fits-all approach. This is in view of gaps created between expectations and perceptions of service, especially in the reliability dimension that could require a concentrated or changed performance approach to close them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Myoli, Mncedi Eric
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Eskom (Firm) , Electric power distribution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electric power distribution -- Customer services -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Electric power distribution -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Quality control , Consumer satisfaction -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Evaluation , Customer services -- Rating of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural electrification -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:838 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013564
- Description: [Abstract - Conclusion]: This research study confirms the theory in the literature review on delivery of quality service to customers and premise that there is a statistically significant difference between Eskom service as perceived by rural prepaid household customers and their expectations. This study also highlights the need for Eskom management to take into cognisance the unique rural prepaid customer service needs and how to meet them, perhaps a differentiated service approach rather than a one-strategy-fits-all approach. This is in view of gaps created between expectations and perceptions of service, especially in the reliability dimension that could require a concentrated or changed performance approach to close them.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An evaluation of the sustainability of poverty alleviation projects in the Amatole District Municipality
- Authors: Quma, Nosintu
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa , Economic development projects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9153 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019727
- Description: There are escalating levels of poverty and unemployment in the Eastern Cape, despite the poverty alleviation programmes that have been established since 1994. The overall aim of the research was to investigate the sustainability of poverty alleviation projects in Amatole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape at Ngqushwa Local Municipality. The study focused on the following aspects: project management, capacity building, monitoring and mentoring, the market and the views community members have on poverty alleviation projects. The research sought to find out what challenges have been encountered by Sipheleke Food Security Project that might lead to the project not being sustainable. The study concluded that poverty alleviation projects are not sustainable because of lack of commitment from project members, market, capacity, management skills and scarcity of water.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Quma, Nosintu
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable development -- South Africa , Economic development projects -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9153 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019727
- Description: There are escalating levels of poverty and unemployment in the Eastern Cape, despite the poverty alleviation programmes that have been established since 1994. The overall aim of the research was to investigate the sustainability of poverty alleviation projects in Amatole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape at Ngqushwa Local Municipality. The study focused on the following aspects: project management, capacity building, monitoring and mentoring, the market and the views community members have on poverty alleviation projects. The research sought to find out what challenges have been encountered by Sipheleke Food Security Project that might lead to the project not being sustainable. The study concluded that poverty alleviation projects are not sustainable because of lack of commitment from project members, market, capacity, management skills and scarcity of water.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An Evaluation of Trading Bands as Indicators for Network Telescope Datasets
- Cowie, Bradley, Irwin, Barry V W
- Authors: Cowie, Bradley , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428013 , vital:72480 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/326225071_An_Evaluation_of_Trading_Bands_as_Indicators_for_Network_Telescope_Datasets/links/5b3f231a4585150d2309e1c0/An-Evaluation-of-Trading-Bands-as-Indicators-for-Network-Telescope-Datasets.pdf
- Description: Large scale viral outbreaks such as Conficker, the Code Red worm and the Witty worm illustrate the importance of monitoring malevolent activity on the Internet. Careful monitoring of anomalous traffic allows organiza-tions to react appropriately and in a timely fashion to minimize economic damage. Network telescopes, a type of Internet monitor, provide ana-lysts with a way of decoupling anomalous traffic from legitimate traffic. Data from network telescopes is used by analysts to identify potential incidents by comparing recent trends with historical data. Analysis of network telescope datasets is complicated by the large quantity of data present, the number of subdivisions within the data and the uncertainty associated with received traffic. While there is considerable research being performed in the field of network telescopes little of this work is concerned with the analysis of alternative methods of incident identifi-cation. This paper considers trading bands, a subfield of technical analysis, as an approach to identifying potential Internet incidents such as worms. Trading bands construct boundaries that are used for meas-uring when certain quantities are high or low relative to recent values. This paper considers Bollinger Bands and associated Bollinger Indica-tors, Price Channels and Keltner Channels. These techniques are evaluated as indicators of malevolent activity by considering how these techniques react to incidents indentified in the captured data from a network telescope.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Cowie, Bradley , Irwin, Barry V W
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/428013 , vital:72480 , https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barry-Ir-win/publication/326225071_An_Evaluation_of_Trading_Bands_as_Indicators_for_Network_Telescope_Datasets/links/5b3f231a4585150d2309e1c0/An-Evaluation-of-Trading-Bands-as-Indicators-for-Network-Telescope-Datasets.pdf
- Description: Large scale viral outbreaks such as Conficker, the Code Red worm and the Witty worm illustrate the importance of monitoring malevolent activity on the Internet. Careful monitoring of anomalous traffic allows organiza-tions to react appropriately and in a timely fashion to minimize economic damage. Network telescopes, a type of Internet monitor, provide ana-lysts with a way of decoupling anomalous traffic from legitimate traffic. Data from network telescopes is used by analysts to identify potential incidents by comparing recent trends with historical data. Analysis of network telescope datasets is complicated by the large quantity of data present, the number of subdivisions within the data and the uncertainty associated with received traffic. While there is considerable research being performed in the field of network telescopes little of this work is concerned with the analysis of alternative methods of incident identifi-cation. This paper considers trading bands, a subfield of technical analysis, as an approach to identifying potential Internet incidents such as worms. Trading bands construct boundaries that are used for meas-uring when certain quantities are high or low relative to recent values. This paper considers Bollinger Bands and associated Bollinger Indica-tors, Price Channels and Keltner Channels. These techniques are evaluated as indicators of malevolent activity by considering how these techniques react to incidents indentified in the captured data from a network telescope.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An evaluation of UPLC technology for the simultaneous analysis of actives in a multi-active drug
- Authors: Bawjee, Janita
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: High performance liquid chromatography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10384 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008407 , High performance liquid chromatography
- Description: The evaluation of the potential to use Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for the simultaneous quantification of all the actives in a multi-active tablet is described in this work. Part of the evaluation was to ensure that the necessary regulatory requirements were adhered to by ascertaining that an analytical method is suitable for a specific purpose through analytical method validation for the specific multi-active tablet. The UPLC method was also tested for the analysis of similar products, namely tablet formulations that contain similar active ingredients in the same proportions but with an additional active ingredient. A method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, caffeine and codeine phosphate was developed using UPLC technology. The UPLC developed method was more efficient than the existing in-house HPLC method. The UPLC method was then validated in accordance to ICH and USP guidelines. The application of this UPLC method for the analysis of similar products containing paracetamol, caffeine, codeine phosphate and one extra active ingredient was very challenging. The low concentration of the additional component, differences in sample matrix and differences in formulations added to the challenges. The direct application for the analysis of products Y and Z was not successful; however the method could be used as a platform for further research. A cost comparison between the UPLC and HPLC methods showed the UPLC method to be more cost effective. Thus, while maintenance costs are higher for the UPLC instrument, column costs are comparable to HPLC columns, but solvent and waste disposal charges decrease considerably due to lower solvent use. The reduction in instrument time dramatically improves the cost effectiveness of UPLC over HPLC due to a concurrent reduction in analyst time requirement. The results of this study show that the analytical costs associated with the analysis of multi-active drugs using HPLC procedures can be reduced substantially by the CONFIDENTIAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF ASPEN PHARMACARE implementation of UPLC technology. The hypothesis that the enhanced chromatographic power of UPLC can be leveraged to provide faster analysis times hence increased product throughput rates, and lower operating costs for the analysis of multi-active drugs was accepted. These advantages were achieved whilst meeting all regulatory requirements for analytical methods as required by regulatory bodies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Bawjee, Janita
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: High performance liquid chromatography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MTech
- Identifier: vital:10384 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008407 , High performance liquid chromatography
- Description: The evaluation of the potential to use Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for the simultaneous quantification of all the actives in a multi-active tablet is described in this work. Part of the evaluation was to ensure that the necessary regulatory requirements were adhered to by ascertaining that an analytical method is suitable for a specific purpose through analytical method validation for the specific multi-active tablet. The UPLC method was also tested for the analysis of similar products, namely tablet formulations that contain similar active ingredients in the same proportions but with an additional active ingredient. A method for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, caffeine and codeine phosphate was developed using UPLC technology. The UPLC developed method was more efficient than the existing in-house HPLC method. The UPLC method was then validated in accordance to ICH and USP guidelines. The application of this UPLC method for the analysis of similar products containing paracetamol, caffeine, codeine phosphate and one extra active ingredient was very challenging. The low concentration of the additional component, differences in sample matrix and differences in formulations added to the challenges. The direct application for the analysis of products Y and Z was not successful; however the method could be used as a platform for further research. A cost comparison between the UPLC and HPLC methods showed the UPLC method to be more cost effective. Thus, while maintenance costs are higher for the UPLC instrument, column costs are comparable to HPLC columns, but solvent and waste disposal charges decrease considerably due to lower solvent use. The reduction in instrument time dramatically improves the cost effectiveness of UPLC over HPLC due to a concurrent reduction in analyst time requirement. The results of this study show that the analytical costs associated with the analysis of multi-active drugs using HPLC procedures can be reduced substantially by the CONFIDENTIAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF ASPEN PHARMACARE implementation of UPLC technology. The hypothesis that the enhanced chromatographic power of UPLC can be leveraged to provide faster analysis times hence increased product throughput rates, and lower operating costs for the analysis of multi-active drugs was accepted. These advantages were achieved whilst meeting all regulatory requirements for analytical methods as required by regulatory bodies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An examination of succession planning approaches in family owned businesses : a case study of two businesses in East London, South Africa
- Authors: Govender, Rowan
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises -- Succession -- South Africa , Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa -- Management , Family corporations -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8589 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1621 , Family-owned business enterprises -- Succession -- South Africa , Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa -- Management , Family corporations -- Management
- Description: Family businesses constitute a large number of businesses worldwide contributing significantly to the global economy. Succession planning is a key issue influencing the sustainability of these family businesses. According to research, approximately 30% of businesses fail due to matters related to succession planning (Grote, 2003). Further research indicated that approximately 50% of family businesses do not have adequate succession plans in place. Hence, family businesses are exposed to significant risk in sustainability due to insufficient succession planning. An effective approach to succession planning in a family business increases the chance of success of a family business in both the short and long term. The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of approaches to succession planning in two family businesses in East London, South Africa. This purpose was to improve the commercial viability of family businesses and improve the body of knowledge from an academic perspective. To this end, a detailed literature study was conducted on family businesses and succession planning. A qualitative case study research paradigm was implemented to ascertain the nature of the approaches adopted by the two businesses. An interview process was conducted with the incumbent founders (fathers) and successors (sons) of the family business. This process suggested that each business requires a unique approach to succession plan which may include aspects of formal and informal processes. It is necessary to understand the nature of the family business, its interrelated relationships and context to adequately determine the success of a succession approach. It is for this reason that families aspiring long term sustainability should invest in effective succession planning approaches that integrate the nuances of the individual family business.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Govender, Rowan
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Family-owned business enterprises -- Succession -- South Africa , Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa -- Management , Family corporations -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8589 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1621 , Family-owned business enterprises -- Succession -- South Africa , Family-owned business enterprises -- South Africa -- Management , Family corporations -- Management
- Description: Family businesses constitute a large number of businesses worldwide contributing significantly to the global economy. Succession planning is a key issue influencing the sustainability of these family businesses. According to research, approximately 30% of businesses fail due to matters related to succession planning (Grote, 2003). Further research indicated that approximately 50% of family businesses do not have adequate succession plans in place. Hence, family businesses are exposed to significant risk in sustainability due to insufficient succession planning. An effective approach to succession planning in a family business increases the chance of success of a family business in both the short and long term. The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of approaches to succession planning in two family businesses in East London, South Africa. This purpose was to improve the commercial viability of family businesses and improve the body of knowledge from an academic perspective. To this end, a detailed literature study was conducted on family businesses and succession planning. A qualitative case study research paradigm was implemented to ascertain the nature of the approaches adopted by the two businesses. An interview process was conducted with the incumbent founders (fathers) and successors (sons) of the family business. This process suggested that each business requires a unique approach to succession plan which may include aspects of formal and informal processes. It is necessary to understand the nature of the family business, its interrelated relationships and context to adequately determine the success of a succession approach. It is for this reason that families aspiring long term sustainability should invest in effective succession planning approaches that integrate the nuances of the individual family business.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An exploration into the challenges faced by rural communities in the effective use of land for subsistence agriculture for poverty alleviation: a case study of the Mpongo and Twecwana communities in the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mlonyeni, Xolani
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Land use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Community Development)
- Identifier: vital:11844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005645 , Land use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The escalation of poverty simultaneously with the decline of small-scale agriculture in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape in particular, raises serious concerns within the government circles in South Africa and among researchers. Of the nine provinces of South Africa, the rate of poverty in the Eastern Cape is a pathetic one and is the largest contributor to poverty statistics in the whole of South Africa. Machete (2004) stresses that high levels of poverty are visible in the rural areas and the large proportions of the people who are poor in South Africa are found in the rural areas. It is widely accepted that small-scale agriculture plays a vital role in and contributes substantially to socio-economic life of people living in the rural areas and is one of the strategies most suited to combat poverty for the majority of the people in the rural areas. This study explored the challenges that limit the effective use of land for subsistence agriculture as a strategy for poverty alleviation at Mpongo and Twecwana villages in Tsholomnqa. The study adopted a qualitative approach in order to get in-depth understanding of the challenges as experienced by the participants. The sample comprised of fifteen (15) subsistence farmers and three (3) extension officers from the department of agriculture. The data was collected from the participants through the focus group technique with an interview schedule containing open ended questions. The findings of the study indicated that the communities lack capital such as money, machinery, labour and other resources needed to pursue agricultural livelihoods. The findings also showed that agricultural infrastructure such as dams, rivers, fencing have deteriorated. Machete (2004, p.8) concurring with Pote (2008) says “inadequate physical infrastructure in the rural areas, particular in the former homeland areas remains a major obstacle to smallholder agricultural growth in South Africa”. In the two villages the situation is worsened by a total lack of irrigation scheme development. These communities rely entirely on seasonal and natural rainfall for their crops to be cultivated and grown. It was also found that the introduction of state grants contributed for the rural communities to do way with their traditional socio-economic agricultural livelihoods. The end results were for food production from gardens and communal fields come to a total collapse in many communities in the rural areas. The findings also show that youth is less interested to participate and pursue agricultural based activities in the rural areas. Williams et al (2008) claim that young people are unwilling to pursue agricultural studies as career of choice because of negative image attached to it. Many youths regard agriculture as an activity which belongs to adult and ordinary people. Drought was also cited as the worst natural disaster that has threatened the already disadvantaged small scale agriculture in these rural areas. These deficiencies have rendered subsistence agricultural centred activities to a total collapse.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Mlonyeni, Xolani
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Land use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , M Soc Sc (Community Development)
- Identifier: vital:11844 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005645 , Land use -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Sustainable agriculture -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Community development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Poverty -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The escalation of poverty simultaneously with the decline of small-scale agriculture in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape in particular, raises serious concerns within the government circles in South Africa and among researchers. Of the nine provinces of South Africa, the rate of poverty in the Eastern Cape is a pathetic one and is the largest contributor to poverty statistics in the whole of South Africa. Machete (2004) stresses that high levels of poverty are visible in the rural areas and the large proportions of the people who are poor in South Africa are found in the rural areas. It is widely accepted that small-scale agriculture plays a vital role in and contributes substantially to socio-economic life of people living in the rural areas and is one of the strategies most suited to combat poverty for the majority of the people in the rural areas. This study explored the challenges that limit the effective use of land for subsistence agriculture as a strategy for poverty alleviation at Mpongo and Twecwana villages in Tsholomnqa. The study adopted a qualitative approach in order to get in-depth understanding of the challenges as experienced by the participants. The sample comprised of fifteen (15) subsistence farmers and three (3) extension officers from the department of agriculture. The data was collected from the participants through the focus group technique with an interview schedule containing open ended questions. The findings of the study indicated that the communities lack capital such as money, machinery, labour and other resources needed to pursue agricultural livelihoods. The findings also showed that agricultural infrastructure such as dams, rivers, fencing have deteriorated. Machete (2004, p.8) concurring with Pote (2008) says “inadequate physical infrastructure in the rural areas, particular in the former homeland areas remains a major obstacle to smallholder agricultural growth in South Africa”. In the two villages the situation is worsened by a total lack of irrigation scheme development. These communities rely entirely on seasonal and natural rainfall for their crops to be cultivated and grown. It was also found that the introduction of state grants contributed for the rural communities to do way with their traditional socio-economic agricultural livelihoods. The end results were for food production from gardens and communal fields come to a total collapse in many communities in the rural areas. The findings also show that youth is less interested to participate and pursue agricultural based activities in the rural areas. Williams et al (2008) claim that young people are unwilling to pursue agricultural studies as career of choice because of negative image attached to it. Many youths regard agriculture as an activity which belongs to adult and ordinary people. Drought was also cited as the worst natural disaster that has threatened the already disadvantaged small scale agriculture in these rural areas. These deficiencies have rendered subsistence agricultural centred activities to a total collapse.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An exploration of a London Church Congregation's perceptions of homosexuality
- Authors: Beattie, Cora Rebecca
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Conflict management -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Interpersonal conflict -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Church controversies , Homosexuality -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Homosexuality in the Bible
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1640 , Conflict management -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Interpersonal conflict -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Church controversies , Homosexuality -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Homosexuality in the Bible
- Description: The following treatise focuses on the ongoing conflict within the church regarding the issue of homosexuality. It is an important issue that has divided both churches and denominations and it continues to cause hurt in both the lives of Christians and non-Christians alike, both straight and gay. The popular position seems to be that the church, and Christians in general, are homophobic and believe that Christianity and homosexuality are not compatible. This research is a case study and focuses on a church in London. The research was carried out to discover whether this position, often portrayed by the media, was true of this church. It also sought to discover whether theories of conflict management and in particular John Burton’s theory of basic human needs could offer insight and alternative approaches in future discussions. The findings of this research offer hope in the situation in that they show this particular church is not homophobic, nor do the majority believe homosexuality and Christianity to be incompatible.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Beattie, Cora Rebecca
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Conflict management -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Interpersonal conflict -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Church controversies , Homosexuality -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Homosexuality in the Bible
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8171 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1640 , Conflict management -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Interpersonal conflict -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Church controversies , Homosexuality -- Religious aspects -- Christianity , Homosexuality in the Bible
- Description: The following treatise focuses on the ongoing conflict within the church regarding the issue of homosexuality. It is an important issue that has divided both churches and denominations and it continues to cause hurt in both the lives of Christians and non-Christians alike, both straight and gay. The popular position seems to be that the church, and Christians in general, are homophobic and believe that Christianity and homosexuality are not compatible. This research is a case study and focuses on a church in London. The research was carried out to discover whether this position, often portrayed by the media, was true of this church. It also sought to discover whether theories of conflict management and in particular John Burton’s theory of basic human needs could offer insight and alternative approaches in future discussions. The findings of this research offer hope in the situation in that they show this particular church is not homophobic, nor do the majority believe homosexuality and Christianity to be incompatible.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An exploration of organisational communication within Algoa Bus Company, Port Elizabeth
- Authors: Ndwalaza, Tsepo
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Communication in organizations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Transportation -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Interpersonal relations , Customer services -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8487 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012358 , Communication in organizations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Transportation -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Interpersonal relations , Customer services -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The study explored organizational communication at Algoa Bus Company (ABC) in Port Elizabeth. The exploration exercise was based on flows of communication at ABC. This research project captured the four flows of communication as they colour relations within the company. The four flows of communication are, namely: upward communication which refers to messages that flow from subordinates to superiors, downward communication flow which refers to communication directed to the lower levels of hierarchy by higher levels, horizontal communication flow which refers to communication amongst people who are at the same level of authority and diagonal communication flow refers to communication across the organisational levels. The study also explored the structure of such communication processes and from a normative point of view, it does expose weaknesses though.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Ndwalaza, Tsepo
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Communication in organizations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Transportation -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Interpersonal relations , Customer services -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:8487 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012358 , Communication in organizations -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Transportation -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Interpersonal relations , Customer services -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The study explored organizational communication at Algoa Bus Company (ABC) in Port Elizabeth. The exploration exercise was based on flows of communication at ABC. This research project captured the four flows of communication as they colour relations within the company. The four flows of communication are, namely: upward communication which refers to messages that flow from subordinates to superiors, downward communication flow which refers to communication directed to the lower levels of hierarchy by higher levels, horizontal communication flow which refers to communication amongst people who are at the same level of authority and diagonal communication flow refers to communication across the organisational levels. The study also explored the structure of such communication processes and from a normative point of view, it does expose weaknesses though.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An exploration of the causes of social unrest in Omay communal lands of Nyami Nyami district in Zimbabwe: a human needs perspective
- Authors: Musona, Mambo
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Human rights -- Zimbabwe -- Omay Communial Lands , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8192 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1372 , Human rights -- Zimbabwe -- Omay Communial Lands , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government
- Description: One of the responsibilities of every government is to make provisions of basic needs for its citizens. The situation in Omay resembles people living during the dark ages when there was no constitutional government. The government should in accordance with the priorities of its people be seen to be improving the lives of its citizens by providing health, education, roads, communication facilities, and participation in decision making especially on issues that have a bearing on their lives. The human needs theory postulates that one of the most ideal ways of resolving protracted conflicts is by helping people meet their needs. Human needs are not for trading according to conflict scholar John Burton, implying that if one does not meet his or her needs he/she might do anything to strive to meet them. The people of Omay have been deprived of their needs in all facets; first the previous government relocated them to create Lake Kariba for the hydroelectric plant. They were not compensated. They were dumped on very arid, tsetse fly infested mountainous areas adjacent to game reserves and national parks where they have to make do with wildlife; some that destroy their few crops (elephants) and others that kill them or their animals (lions). As a minority group they have been engaged in social unrest and small skirmishes with government and other, bigger ethnic groups as a form of resistance. A deliberate affirmative action to channel funds towards raising their living standards and develop their area so that they meet their needs could be the panacea to the social unrest.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Musona, Mambo
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Human rights -- Zimbabwe -- Omay Communial Lands , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8192 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1372 , Human rights -- Zimbabwe -- Omay Communial Lands , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government
- Description: One of the responsibilities of every government is to make provisions of basic needs for its citizens. The situation in Omay resembles people living during the dark ages when there was no constitutional government. The government should in accordance with the priorities of its people be seen to be improving the lives of its citizens by providing health, education, roads, communication facilities, and participation in decision making especially on issues that have a bearing on their lives. The human needs theory postulates that one of the most ideal ways of resolving protracted conflicts is by helping people meet their needs. Human needs are not for trading according to conflict scholar John Burton, implying that if one does not meet his or her needs he/she might do anything to strive to meet them. The people of Omay have been deprived of their needs in all facets; first the previous government relocated them to create Lake Kariba for the hydroelectric plant. They were not compensated. They were dumped on very arid, tsetse fly infested mountainous areas adjacent to game reserves and national parks where they have to make do with wildlife; some that destroy their few crops (elephants) and others that kill them or their animals (lions). As a minority group they have been engaged in social unrest and small skirmishes with government and other, bigger ethnic groups as a form of resistance. A deliberate affirmative action to channel funds towards raising their living standards and develop their area so that they meet their needs could be the panacea to the social unrest.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An exploratory study of the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in Mthonjana Village, Mqanduli in the Eastern Cape, 2002-2007
- Authors: Nodada, Lubabalo Yandisa
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Kings and rulers , Conflict of interests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8258 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012345 , Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Kings and rulers , Conflict of interests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The battle for traditional leadership successions continue to have negative effects on many Tribal Authority Councils across Africa, for example, the Valoyi Tribe, part of Tsonga/Shangaan nation in South Africa, and the Godban chieftaincy conflict in the northern town of Yendi in Ghana. Community conflicts related to chieftaincy positions across South Africa are apparent. This study was an attempt to explore and describe the dynamics of the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in Mthonjana village, Mqanduli. The analysis focused on exploring the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in terms of conflict and conflict process theory. This explorative study sought to explore and describe the perceptions of eight ad hoc committee members (government officials) who had been involved with attempting to resolve the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict. The researcher conducted extensive face-to-face interviews with these committee members and thoroughly studied the necessary documents that informed the study. Thematic data analysis revealed latent conflict, conflict emergence, conflict escalation, conflict stalemate, and conflict de-escalation, as key conflict phases in the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict. A number of recommendations are made about how those in authority could better manage communal conflict. The recommendations may, for instance, be used in the formulation of policies to influence better conflict management by government and help the Eastern Cape House of Traditional Leaders to manage communal conflicts better and to facilitate public education programmes about issues relating to birthright leadership positions and lineage procedures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Nodada, Lubabalo Yandisa
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Kings and rulers , Conflict of interests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPhil
- Identifier: vital:8258 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012345 , Chiefdoms -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Xhosa (African people) -- South Africa -- Kings and rulers , Conflict of interests -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Description: The battle for traditional leadership successions continue to have negative effects on many Tribal Authority Councils across Africa, for example, the Valoyi Tribe, part of Tsonga/Shangaan nation in South Africa, and the Godban chieftaincy conflict in the northern town of Yendi in Ghana. Community conflicts related to chieftaincy positions across South Africa are apparent. This study was an attempt to explore and describe the dynamics of the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in Mthonjana village, Mqanduli. The analysis focused on exploring the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict in terms of conflict and conflict process theory. This explorative study sought to explore and describe the perceptions of eight ad hoc committee members (government officials) who had been involved with attempting to resolve the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict. The researcher conducted extensive face-to-face interviews with these committee members and thoroughly studied the necessary documents that informed the study. Thematic data analysis revealed latent conflict, conflict emergence, conflict escalation, conflict stalemate, and conflict de-escalation, as key conflict phases in the AmaTshezi chieftaincy conflict. A number of recommendations are made about how those in authority could better manage communal conflict. The recommendations may, for instance, be used in the formulation of policies to influence better conflict management by government and help the Eastern Cape House of Traditional Leaders to manage communal conflicts better and to facilitate public education programmes about issues relating to birthright leadership positions and lineage procedures.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An exploratory study on the Somali immigrant's involvement in the informal economy of Nelson Mandela Bay
- Authors: Hikam, Abdu Sh Mohamed
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Small businesses -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Immigrants -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Economic conditions , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9067 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1315 , Small businesses -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Immigrants -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Economic conditions , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The informal economy in South Africa and other parts of the continent is a safe haven for many who are unable to find jobs in the formal sector of the economy. In the case of South Africa, it is not only the nationals of the country who are striving to survive and generate their income from this sector. Since 1994, the country has experienced a huge influx of immigrants from other parts of the continent some escaping from dire living conditions in their home countries and looking for better life opportunities while many others were forced to migrate from their own countries as a result of political unrest and lack of stability and security. Among these later example is the Somali community who are the subject matter of this study. Many of these mainly African immigrants including Somalis got involved themselves in the informal sector of the South Africa. This has increased the competition in this sector and caused clashes between South Africans and immigrants who were also involved in the sector. This study examines the involvement of the Somali immigrants in South Africa’s informal sector. The study is exploratory in nature and tried to find the surrounding factors that impacted on the involvement of Somalis in the informal economy of Motherwell. The study has found that Somalis who arrived in Motherwell are generally young unmarried men who were attracted to the area mainly because there were affordable business opportunities in the township. Somalis financed their businesses through various resources including their savings from working while working inside and outside South Africa and from the contributions by their families and friends. Despite facing high levels of crime where many Somalis were killed and their property looted, they are still determined to stay in the township. This can be shown by their high level of savings and their intention to invest in the township. Although this research does not aim to be comparative in nature, personal and business characteristics of Somalis as well as South Africans who are also involved in the sector vii were compared. Because of this comparison, it has became clear that though price is an important factor in the business competition between the two groups, it is not the only factor, neither the most important, that creates friction and the shift of loyalty of customers from one side to another. Quality of service, the number of the people working in the business, responsibility towards the area the business serves, the strictness or the leniency towards customers who want to buy but are short of money and many other factors created a friendly atmosphere between the businesses run by the Somalis and their customers. The study showed that some of the Somali as well South African business owners were of this view. Although the vast majority of the Somalis have a minimum level of education, they still contribute positively to the economy of the township and the greater Nelson Mandela Bay. This is done through renting business premises, paying both direct and indirect taxes and taking the business services to remote areas of Motherwell. The study suggests that there is a need to sooth the relationship between the two groups particularly between Somalis and South Africans who are involved in grocery businesses through meetings, seminars, and other get-together activities. This can be done by South African Police Service, Somali Association of South Africa in Korsten, community elders from both sides and other concerned government institutions as well as the academic institutions particularly Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The business skills of both groups need to be uplifted in order to maximise their profitability and contribution to the people in the area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Hikam, Abdu Sh Mohamed
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Small businesses -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Immigrants -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Economic conditions , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9067 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1315 , Small businesses -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Immigrants -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth -- Economic conditions , Informal sector (Economics) -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth
- Description: The informal economy in South Africa and other parts of the continent is a safe haven for many who are unable to find jobs in the formal sector of the economy. In the case of South Africa, it is not only the nationals of the country who are striving to survive and generate their income from this sector. Since 1994, the country has experienced a huge influx of immigrants from other parts of the continent some escaping from dire living conditions in their home countries and looking for better life opportunities while many others were forced to migrate from their own countries as a result of political unrest and lack of stability and security. Among these later example is the Somali community who are the subject matter of this study. Many of these mainly African immigrants including Somalis got involved themselves in the informal sector of the South Africa. This has increased the competition in this sector and caused clashes between South Africans and immigrants who were also involved in the sector. This study examines the involvement of the Somali immigrants in South Africa’s informal sector. The study is exploratory in nature and tried to find the surrounding factors that impacted on the involvement of Somalis in the informal economy of Motherwell. The study has found that Somalis who arrived in Motherwell are generally young unmarried men who were attracted to the area mainly because there were affordable business opportunities in the township. Somalis financed their businesses through various resources including their savings from working while working inside and outside South Africa and from the contributions by their families and friends. Despite facing high levels of crime where many Somalis were killed and their property looted, they are still determined to stay in the township. This can be shown by their high level of savings and their intention to invest in the township. Although this research does not aim to be comparative in nature, personal and business characteristics of Somalis as well as South Africans who are also involved in the sector vii were compared. Because of this comparison, it has became clear that though price is an important factor in the business competition between the two groups, it is not the only factor, neither the most important, that creates friction and the shift of loyalty of customers from one side to another. Quality of service, the number of the people working in the business, responsibility towards the area the business serves, the strictness or the leniency towards customers who want to buy but are short of money and many other factors created a friendly atmosphere between the businesses run by the Somalis and their customers. The study showed that some of the Somali as well South African business owners were of this view. Although the vast majority of the Somalis have a minimum level of education, they still contribute positively to the economy of the township and the greater Nelson Mandela Bay. This is done through renting business premises, paying both direct and indirect taxes and taking the business services to remote areas of Motherwell. The study suggests that there is a need to sooth the relationship between the two groups particularly between Somalis and South Africans who are involved in grocery businesses through meetings, seminars, and other get-together activities. This can be done by South African Police Service, Somali Association of South Africa in Korsten, community elders from both sides and other concerned government institutions as well as the academic institutions particularly Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. The business skills of both groups need to be uplifted in order to maximise their profitability and contribution to the people in the area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An illustrated leaflet containing antiretroviral information targeted for low-literate readers: development and evaluation
- Dowse, Roslind, Ramela, Thato, Browne, Sara H
- Authors: Dowse, Roslind , Ramela, Thato , Browne, Sara H
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156731 , vital:40043 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.01.013
- Description: To apply a dual visual/textual modal approach in developing and evaluating a medicine information leaflet with pictograms suitable for low-literate HIV/AIDS patients. To identify and recommend best practices in this type of information design.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Dowse, Roslind , Ramela, Thato , Browne, Sara H
- Date: 2011
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/156731 , vital:40043 , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.01.013
- Description: To apply a dual visual/textual modal approach in developing and evaluating a medicine information leaflet with pictograms suitable for low-literate HIV/AIDS patients. To identify and recommend best practices in this type of information design.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An impact assessment of the poverty alleviation projects: a case study of Thuthukani project in Dannhauser local municipality, Kwazulu Natal
- Authors: Zungu, Nomsa
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9079 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008583 , Poverty -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
- Description: The South African government has introduced mechanisms and plans to alleviate poverty and to monitor and evaluate the impact of the policies and programmes to the reduction of poverty. In its quest to eradicate and alleviate poverty, the government has prioritized poverty alleviation in its development agenda. In efforts to fight poverty, the government has since 1994, implemented various programmes that are aimed at alleviating poverty through stimulating employment, developing skills and improving service delivery. The poverty alleviation programme is one of the strategies that was implemented by the government, as a means to eradicate poverty. At the community level, depending on the nature of the programme, efforts have been made to incorporate mechanisms which enable poor people to play an active role in deciding how the benefits from programmes are distributed. The study was based on the projects identified by the community of Amajuba district in Dannhauser area in KwaZulu Natal. The Dannhauser Municipality in partnership with the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs have played a vital role in this regard by supporting the establishment of the Thuthukani project in 2004. In an attempt to assess the impact of the poverty alleviation projects, this study investigated the role played by the Thuthukani project in local economic development of the Dannhauser community in the Dannhauser Municipality. Participants included the Thuthukani project members, and the extension officer from the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs. The study found that, indeed poverty alleviation projects play a role in local economic development since they contribute towards job creation and improvement of the socio-economic status of the local community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Zungu, Nomsa
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Poverty -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9079 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008583 , Poverty -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal
- Description: The South African government has introduced mechanisms and plans to alleviate poverty and to monitor and evaluate the impact of the policies and programmes to the reduction of poverty. In its quest to eradicate and alleviate poverty, the government has prioritized poverty alleviation in its development agenda. In efforts to fight poverty, the government has since 1994, implemented various programmes that are aimed at alleviating poverty through stimulating employment, developing skills and improving service delivery. The poverty alleviation programme is one of the strategies that was implemented by the government, as a means to eradicate poverty. At the community level, depending on the nature of the programme, efforts have been made to incorporate mechanisms which enable poor people to play an active role in deciding how the benefits from programmes are distributed. The study was based on the projects identified by the community of Amajuba district in Dannhauser area in KwaZulu Natal. The Dannhauser Municipality in partnership with the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs have played a vital role in this regard by supporting the establishment of the Thuthukani project in 2004. In an attempt to assess the impact of the poverty alleviation projects, this study investigated the role played by the Thuthukani project in local economic development of the Dannhauser community in the Dannhauser Municipality. Participants included the Thuthukani project members, and the extension officer from the Department of Agriculture and Environmental affairs. The study found that, indeed poverty alleviation projects play a role in local economic development since they contribute towards job creation and improvement of the socio-economic status of the local community.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An integrated maintenance management system model for the pharmaceutical industry
- Authors: Coopoosamy, Kribban
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Pharmaceutical industry -- Management , Pharmaceutical services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8609 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1583 , Pharmaceutical industry -- Management , Pharmaceutical services
- Description: Organisations are continuously seeking for strategies to improve operations and gain competitive advantage. Maintenance tends to be a key management issue for many industrial companies. Maintenance management, being an integral part of manufacturing, can influence competitive companys‟ priorities, such as cost, quality and flexibility, and, hence, business strategy directly. The pharmaceutical industry also faces some unique challenges such as increasingly stringent safety and quality regulations, the effect of innovations in medical science and healthcare and a complex and costly design-to-market process (from product concept and development to market delivery). The industry is also going through turbulent times as it has to cope with challenges common to many other industries, how to deal with increasing competition, hold down costs, and expand. Regulatory compliance is one of the significant industry drivers for pharmaceutical companies. Regulations are enacted by government authorities to ensure public health and safety. The focus of regulation is on quality assurance and control in all areas such as receiving, manufacturing, storing, packaging, despatching and delivering. Apart from the required quality and safety checks, the regulations also mandate extensive record keeping of procedures, processes and systems. This treatise will investigate the maintenance management system of a pharmaceutical company and compare it to best practices. The true name of the pharmaceutical company that will be researched will not be disclosed for confidentiality reasons, instead it will be called My Pharmaceuticals. The company is based in Port Elizabeth. The research consists of a preliminary study to identify the problem areas in the maintenance management system within the company. A literature review of best practices in maintenance management systems combined with an investigation into the best pharmaceutical practices in maintenance management systems and regulatory controls are investigated and a model will be proposed to improve the current situation at the company.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Coopoosamy, Kribban
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Pharmaceutical industry -- Management , Pharmaceutical services
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MBA
- Identifier: vital:8609 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1583 , Pharmaceutical industry -- Management , Pharmaceutical services
- Description: Organisations are continuously seeking for strategies to improve operations and gain competitive advantage. Maintenance tends to be a key management issue for many industrial companies. Maintenance management, being an integral part of manufacturing, can influence competitive companys‟ priorities, such as cost, quality and flexibility, and, hence, business strategy directly. The pharmaceutical industry also faces some unique challenges such as increasingly stringent safety and quality regulations, the effect of innovations in medical science and healthcare and a complex and costly design-to-market process (from product concept and development to market delivery). The industry is also going through turbulent times as it has to cope with challenges common to many other industries, how to deal with increasing competition, hold down costs, and expand. Regulatory compliance is one of the significant industry drivers for pharmaceutical companies. Regulations are enacted by government authorities to ensure public health and safety. The focus of regulation is on quality assurance and control in all areas such as receiving, manufacturing, storing, packaging, despatching and delivering. Apart from the required quality and safety checks, the regulations also mandate extensive record keeping of procedures, processes and systems. This treatise will investigate the maintenance management system of a pharmaceutical company and compare it to best practices. The true name of the pharmaceutical company that will be researched will not be disclosed for confidentiality reasons, instead it will be called My Pharmaceuticals. The company is based in Port Elizabeth. The research consists of a preliminary study to identify the problem areas in the maintenance management system within the company. A literature review of best practices in maintenance management systems combined with an investigation into the best pharmaceutical practices in maintenance management systems and regulatory controls are investigated and a model will be proposed to improve the current situation at the company.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An intelligent multimodal interface for in-car communication systems
- Authors: Sielinou, Patrick Tchankue
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Automotive telematics , Automobiles -- Electronic equipment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10461 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1495 , Automotive telematics , Automobiles -- Electronic equipment
- Description: In-car communication systems (ICCS) are becoming more frequently used by drivers. ICCS are used in order to minimise the driving distraction due to using a mobile phone while driving. Several usability studies of ICCS utilising speech user interfaces (SUIs) have identified usability issues that can affect the workload, performance, satisfaction and user experience of the driver. This is due to current speech technologies which can be a source of errors that may frustrate the driver and negatively affect the user experience. The aim of this research was to design a new multimodal interface that will manage the interaction between an ICCS and the driver. Unlike the current ICCS, it should make more voice input available, so as to support tasks (e.g. sending text messages; browsing the phone book, etc), which still require a cognitive workload from the driver. An adaptive multimodal interface was proposed in order to address current ICCS issues. The multimodal interface used both speech and manual input; however only the speech channel is used as output. This was done in order to minimise the visual distraction that graphical user interfaces or haptics devices can cause with current ICCS. The adaptive interface was designed to minimise the cognitive distraction of the driver. The adaptive interface ensures that whenever the distraction level of the driver is high, any information communication is postponed. After the design and the implementation of the first version of the prototype interface, called MIMI, a usability evaluation was conducted in order to identify any possible usability issues. Although voice dialling was found to be problematic, the results were encouraging in terms of performance, workload and user satisfaction. The suggestions received from the participants to improve the system usability were incorporated in the next implementation of MIMI. The adaptive module was then implemented to reduce driver distraction based on the driver‟s current context. The proposed architecture showed encouraging results in terms of usability and safety. The adaptive behaviour of MIMI significantly contributed to the reduction of cognitive distraction, because drivers received less information during difficult driving situations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Sielinou, Patrick Tchankue
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Automotive telematics , Automobiles -- Electronic equipment
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:10461 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1495 , Automotive telematics , Automobiles -- Electronic equipment
- Description: In-car communication systems (ICCS) are becoming more frequently used by drivers. ICCS are used in order to minimise the driving distraction due to using a mobile phone while driving. Several usability studies of ICCS utilising speech user interfaces (SUIs) have identified usability issues that can affect the workload, performance, satisfaction and user experience of the driver. This is due to current speech technologies which can be a source of errors that may frustrate the driver and negatively affect the user experience. The aim of this research was to design a new multimodal interface that will manage the interaction between an ICCS and the driver. Unlike the current ICCS, it should make more voice input available, so as to support tasks (e.g. sending text messages; browsing the phone book, etc), which still require a cognitive workload from the driver. An adaptive multimodal interface was proposed in order to address current ICCS issues. The multimodal interface used both speech and manual input; however only the speech channel is used as output. This was done in order to minimise the visual distraction that graphical user interfaces or haptics devices can cause with current ICCS. The adaptive interface was designed to minimise the cognitive distraction of the driver. The adaptive interface ensures that whenever the distraction level of the driver is high, any information communication is postponed. After the design and the implementation of the first version of the prototype interface, called MIMI, a usability evaluation was conducted in order to identify any possible usability issues. Although voice dialling was found to be problematic, the results were encouraging in terms of performance, workload and user satisfaction. The suggestions received from the participants to improve the system usability were incorporated in the next implementation of MIMI. The adaptive module was then implemented to reduce driver distraction based on the driver‟s current context. The proposed architecture showed encouraging results in terms of usability and safety. The adaptive behaviour of MIMI significantly contributed to the reduction of cognitive distraction, because drivers received less information during difficult driving situations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An international comparative study on the relationship marketing and customer retention of retail banks : lessons for South Africa
- Authors: Rootman, Chantal
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- Customer services , Relationship marketing , Customer relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9358 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1376 , Banks and banking -- Customer services , Relationship marketing , Customer relations
- Description: Despite the extensive research undertaken in the subject area of services marketing, much is still unknown to service providers of specific services in terms of firm-client relationships and how customer retention rates can be increased. This study attempts to address this limitation. The study revolves around the relationship marketing and customer retention of banks in South Africa, Canada and the United Kingdom (UK). Service firms, including banks, are vitally important to the economy of any country as they contribute to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (for example a 74 percent contribution in South Africa) and its employment rate. However, to survive in a complex, competitive business environment, service firms are required to focus on their clients’ needs. Banks can focus on their relationships with clients and measure their institutions’ success by considering their customer retention rates. When considering firm-client relationships and customer retention rates, it is important to gather and link the viewpoints of both clients and managers in order to ensure that firms perform according to clients’ needs. In order to establish the influence of selected variables on the relationship marketing and customer retention of banks, from the perspectives of both banking clients and managers, an empirical investigation was conducted. The primary aim of this study was to quantify significant relationships among selected variables; therefore the positivistic research paradigm was used. In addition, in designing the measuring instruments for the empirical investigation, the phenomenological paradigm was used. Thus, in order to use multiple sources of data, the strategy of methodological triangulation was adopted for this study. The samples consisted of banking clients and bank managers in South Africa, Canada and the UK. The empirical investigation conducted among banking clients revealed that significant positive relationships exist between six of the seven identified independent variables, namely communication, personalisation, empowerment, ethics, fees and technology, and banks’ relationship marketing. These relationships imply that, according to banking clients, if each of these aspects in banks improves, bank-client relationships would improve. The empirical investigation conducted among bank managers showed that managers only regard communication and fees as influencers of relationship marketing in banks. This result clearly indicated a difference in the viewpoints of banking clients and bank managers. In addition, the empirical investigation revealed that relationship marketing positively influences the customer retention of banks. This relationship implies that if a bank successfully maintains relationships with its clients, the bank’s customer retention rates will increase. Additionally, the empirical investigation revealed that the population group, education level and country of residence of banking client respondents exerted an influence on the perceptions clients have regarding banks’ relationship marketing and customer retention levels. If banking clients are African or are not educated with a qualification beyond secondary school level or are from Canada, they consider the relationship marketing of a bank to be more important and are more likely to be retained by banks. Generally, the study indicated that Canadian banking clients are more positive regarding the empowerment strategies and personalisation efforts of Canadian banks than South Africans are about those of South African banks. In addition, banking clients in the UK are more satisfied with the communication, fees and use of technology of UK banks than South Africans are about these aspects in South African banks. The study indicated that strategies to improve banks’ communication, personalisation, empowerment, ethics, fees and technology should be implemented by banks in ways to positively influence their relationship marketing and ultimately their customer retention. Strategies relating to each of these areas, successfully implemented by banks in Canada and the UK, are recommended to South African banks. In effect, these strategies will contribute to retail banks’ success, the competiveness in the banking industry, banking client benefits as well as the economic stability and prosperity of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Rootman, Chantal
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Banks and banking -- Customer services , Relationship marketing , Customer relations
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:9358 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1376 , Banks and banking -- Customer services , Relationship marketing , Customer relations
- Description: Despite the extensive research undertaken in the subject area of services marketing, much is still unknown to service providers of specific services in terms of firm-client relationships and how customer retention rates can be increased. This study attempts to address this limitation. The study revolves around the relationship marketing and customer retention of banks in South Africa, Canada and the United Kingdom (UK). Service firms, including banks, are vitally important to the economy of any country as they contribute to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (for example a 74 percent contribution in South Africa) and its employment rate. However, to survive in a complex, competitive business environment, service firms are required to focus on their clients’ needs. Banks can focus on their relationships with clients and measure their institutions’ success by considering their customer retention rates. When considering firm-client relationships and customer retention rates, it is important to gather and link the viewpoints of both clients and managers in order to ensure that firms perform according to clients’ needs. In order to establish the influence of selected variables on the relationship marketing and customer retention of banks, from the perspectives of both banking clients and managers, an empirical investigation was conducted. The primary aim of this study was to quantify significant relationships among selected variables; therefore the positivistic research paradigm was used. In addition, in designing the measuring instruments for the empirical investigation, the phenomenological paradigm was used. Thus, in order to use multiple sources of data, the strategy of methodological triangulation was adopted for this study. The samples consisted of banking clients and bank managers in South Africa, Canada and the UK. The empirical investigation conducted among banking clients revealed that significant positive relationships exist between six of the seven identified independent variables, namely communication, personalisation, empowerment, ethics, fees and technology, and banks’ relationship marketing. These relationships imply that, according to banking clients, if each of these aspects in banks improves, bank-client relationships would improve. The empirical investigation conducted among bank managers showed that managers only regard communication and fees as influencers of relationship marketing in banks. This result clearly indicated a difference in the viewpoints of banking clients and bank managers. In addition, the empirical investigation revealed that relationship marketing positively influences the customer retention of banks. This relationship implies that if a bank successfully maintains relationships with its clients, the bank’s customer retention rates will increase. Additionally, the empirical investigation revealed that the population group, education level and country of residence of banking client respondents exerted an influence on the perceptions clients have regarding banks’ relationship marketing and customer retention levels. If banking clients are African or are not educated with a qualification beyond secondary school level or are from Canada, they consider the relationship marketing of a bank to be more important and are more likely to be retained by banks. Generally, the study indicated that Canadian banking clients are more positive regarding the empowerment strategies and personalisation efforts of Canadian banks than South Africans are about those of South African banks. In addition, banking clients in the UK are more satisfied with the communication, fees and use of technology of UK banks than South Africans are about these aspects in South African banks. The study indicated that strategies to improve banks’ communication, personalisation, empowerment, ethics, fees and technology should be implemented by banks in ways to positively influence their relationship marketing and ultimately their customer retention. Strategies relating to each of these areas, successfully implemented by banks in Canada and the UK, are recommended to South African banks. In effect, these strategies will contribute to retail banks’ success, the competiveness in the banking industry, banking client benefits as well as the economic stability and prosperity of South Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of HIV-positive lay counsellors working in the voluntary counselling and testing settings
- Authors: Teng, James Wei Jie
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons Peer counseling Health counseling Health counselors -- Mental health Hiv-positive persons -- Counseling of HIV-positive persons -- Mental health HIV infections -- Psychological aspects Lay analysis (Psychoanalysis)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3070 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002579
- Description: The purpose of this study was to present and understand the experiences of HIV-positive lay counsellors working in Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) settings. Specifically exploring and understanding the utilisation of personal experiences within counselling encounters, the practice of peer counselling within VCT, and the challenges experienced by HIV-positive lay counsellors within VCT settings. This study, employing a qualitative interpretative phenomenological methodology required a small sample of practicing HIV-positive lay counsellors, who were selected and interviewed on their experiences utilising semi-structured interviewing. Data was analysed for meaning units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Three superordinate themes within the participants’ experiences of providing VCT services were determined, namely: ‘diagnosis and disclosure experiences’, ‘peer counselling’, and ‘challenges’. This research found that the experiences of providing peer counselling depended upon identification with their client’s negative appraisal of their diagnosis experiences. Whether through empathic connections generated through the shared experience of discovering a seropositive status, or through countertransferential reactions induced through their client’s yearning for care and support. This required the counsellor to selfdisclose within counselling encounters in order to provide personal experiences of living with HIV/AIDS. Successful implementation of peer counselling provided recently diagnosed individuals with knowledge surrounding HIV/AIDS, coping skills to manage the daily physiological and psychological challenges, facilitation and adherence to treatment, social assistance, ongoing relationships, inspiring hope, and the creation of positive appraisals. However the informal utilisation of task-shifting within lay healthcare cadres, and the lack of governmental recognition for the emotional labour provided within VCT indicated that HIVpositive lay counsellors require ongoing training, support and remuneration to limit potential occupational stress, resignation, and burnout.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011
- Authors: Teng, James Wei Jie
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: HIV-positive persons Peer counseling Health counseling Health counselors -- Mental health Hiv-positive persons -- Counseling of HIV-positive persons -- Mental health HIV infections -- Psychological aspects Lay analysis (Psychoanalysis)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3070 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002579
- Description: The purpose of this study was to present and understand the experiences of HIV-positive lay counsellors working in Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) settings. Specifically exploring and understanding the utilisation of personal experiences within counselling encounters, the practice of peer counselling within VCT, and the challenges experienced by HIV-positive lay counsellors within VCT settings. This study, employing a qualitative interpretative phenomenological methodology required a small sample of practicing HIV-positive lay counsellors, who were selected and interviewed on their experiences utilising semi-structured interviewing. Data was analysed for meaning units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Three superordinate themes within the participants’ experiences of providing VCT services were determined, namely: ‘diagnosis and disclosure experiences’, ‘peer counselling’, and ‘challenges’. This research found that the experiences of providing peer counselling depended upon identification with their client’s negative appraisal of their diagnosis experiences. Whether through empathic connections generated through the shared experience of discovering a seropositive status, or through countertransferential reactions induced through their client’s yearning for care and support. This required the counsellor to selfdisclose within counselling encounters in order to provide personal experiences of living with HIV/AIDS. Successful implementation of peer counselling provided recently diagnosed individuals with knowledge surrounding HIV/AIDS, coping skills to manage the daily physiological and psychological challenges, facilitation and adherence to treatment, social assistance, ongoing relationships, inspiring hope, and the creation of positive appraisals. However the informal utilisation of task-shifting within lay healthcare cadres, and the lack of governmental recognition for the emotional labour provided within VCT indicated that HIVpositive lay counsellors require ongoing training, support and remuneration to limit potential occupational stress, resignation, and burnout.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2011