Indigenous Tswana architecture: with specific reference to the Tshidi Rolong village at Mafikeng
- Authors: McLean, Diane Lynn
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Architecture -- South Africa -- North-West , Architecture, Domestic -- South Africa -- North-West
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007600 , Architecture -- South Africa -- North-West , Architecture, Domestic -- South Africa -- North-West
- Description: This essay is divided roughly into two main sections; in the first I have discussed the Tswana as a whole, their environment, their origins and their more recent history. In addition to this, I have tried to give a clear picture of their tribal political structure and economic activities, as well as their domestic activities, all of which are integrally linked to the kind of house form adopted by the Tswana. The last, and most important, part of the first section is a presentation of some of the earliest written descriptions of Tswana dwellings made by the first white travellers to enter Tswana territory. The second section takes the form of a presentation of findings observed during the course of personal field research undertaken in the Tshidi-Rolong village outside Mafikeng. This research was done by means of a number of questionnaires drawn up by myself and filled in on the spot with information supplied by house owners and sometimes the builders themselves. This survey was carried out largely at random, with several of the houses chosen arbitrarily because of an interesting feature which set them apart from other dwellings. This written information is backed up by a large bulk of visual information in the form of photographs taken personally, both of the dwellings in general, and of details of the houses. Although this essay may appear to be rather fragmented, my aim is to give a graphic account of changes in Tswana dwellings by comparing features of contemporary dwellings with those observed in the early nineteenth century. The fact that among the Tswana , the building style of one sub-tribe may vary slightly from that of another subtribe, has not affected my study to any large extent , since I was fortunate enough to have done my field research among a branch of one of the original groups, namely the Rolong, whose houses, along with those of the Tlhaping, were the first to be documented. Therefore, most of the differences which have occurred between the dwellings of the contemporary Tshidi-Rolong and those from the early nineteenth century are a direct result of the process of westernisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: McLean, Diane Lynn
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Architecture -- South Africa -- North-West , Architecture, Domestic -- South Africa -- North-West
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2454 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007600 , Architecture -- South Africa -- North-West , Architecture, Domestic -- South Africa -- North-West
- Description: This essay is divided roughly into two main sections; in the first I have discussed the Tswana as a whole, their environment, their origins and their more recent history. In addition to this, I have tried to give a clear picture of their tribal political structure and economic activities, as well as their domestic activities, all of which are integrally linked to the kind of house form adopted by the Tswana. The last, and most important, part of the first section is a presentation of some of the earliest written descriptions of Tswana dwellings made by the first white travellers to enter Tswana territory. The second section takes the form of a presentation of findings observed during the course of personal field research undertaken in the Tshidi-Rolong village outside Mafikeng. This research was done by means of a number of questionnaires drawn up by myself and filled in on the spot with information supplied by house owners and sometimes the builders themselves. This survey was carried out largely at random, with several of the houses chosen arbitrarily because of an interesting feature which set them apart from other dwellings. This written information is backed up by a large bulk of visual information in the form of photographs taken personally, both of the dwellings in general, and of details of the houses. Although this essay may appear to be rather fragmented, my aim is to give a graphic account of changes in Tswana dwellings by comparing features of contemporary dwellings with those observed in the early nineteenth century. The fact that among the Tswana , the building style of one sub-tribe may vary slightly from that of another subtribe, has not affected my study to any large extent , since I was fortunate enough to have done my field research among a branch of one of the original groups, namely the Rolong, whose houses, along with those of the Tlhaping, were the first to be documented. Therefore, most of the differences which have occurred between the dwellings of the contemporary Tshidi-Rolong and those from the early nineteenth century are a direct result of the process of westernisation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Industrial development in East London, Berlin and King William's Town (EBK)
- Authors: Wallis, Joe
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: East London (South Africa) -- Economic conditions King William's Town (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Berlin (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Industries -- South Africa -- East London Industries -- South Africa -- Berlin Industries -- South Africa -- King William's Town
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1992 , vital:20245 , ISBN 0868101478
- Description: This report analyses manufacturing in East London - Berlin - King William's Town (EBK). The analysis will focus on the pattern of industrial interlinkages indicated by the study by Davies, Lochner and Wait (DLW) of input-output relationship in the EBK area in 1979. This study does not, however, determine a complete input-output matrix nor does it calculate Leontieff inverse multipliers for each sector. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Wallis, Joe
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: East London (South Africa) -- Economic conditions King William's Town (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Berlin (South Africa) -- Economic conditions Industries -- South Africa -- East London Industries -- South Africa -- Berlin Industries -- South Africa -- King William's Town
- Language: English
- Type: Book , Text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/1992 , vital:20245 , ISBN 0868101478
- Description: This report analyses manufacturing in East London - Berlin - King William's Town (EBK). The analysis will focus on the pattern of industrial interlinkages indicated by the study by Davies, Lochner and Wait (DLW) of input-output relationship in the EBK area in 1979. This study does not, however, determine a complete input-output matrix nor does it calculate Leontieff inverse multipliers for each sector. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Isolation and identification of possible analgesics and antihypertensive agents from antidesma venosum
- Authors: Mashimbye, Mahlori Jeffrey
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Antidesma , Analgesics , Hypotensive agents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3882 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001616
- Description: This investigation originated from a suggestion by Noristan Laboratories, Pretoria, that because Black people were using the roots of A. venosum E. MEY. ex. TUL for treating headache, the plant might contain analgesics. No previous chemical investigation has been carried out on this plant but from previous work done on other species antihypertensive agents were expected to be present
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Mashimbye, Mahlori Jeffrey
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Antidesma , Analgesics , Hypotensive agents
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:3882 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001616
- Description: This investigation originated from a suggestion by Noristan Laboratories, Pretoria, that because Black people were using the roots of A. venosum E. MEY. ex. TUL for treating headache, the plant might contain analgesics. No previous chemical investigation has been carried out on this plant but from previous work done on other species antihypertensive agents were expected to be present
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Les aspects metephysiques du theatre de Ionesco
- Authors: Thomas, David Croft
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Ionesco, Eugène -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3610 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004534 , Ionesco, Eugène -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: From Introduction: Au cours d'une interview accordée à deux critiques littéraires, le 9 novembre 1976 , Ionesco déclare : Un retour à la métaphysique me semble, à notré epoque, indispensable. Ce point de vue nous semble être d'une importance fondamentale, tant par la référence à un probleme spécifiquement moderne, que par la formulation d'une profonde préoccupation de l'auteur. Ionesco résume par là un débat qui informe continuellement son oeuvre théàtrale. Ce débat, et cette quête, sont les thèmes essentiels que nous voudrions mettre à jour dans cette oeuvre . Nous proposons donc d'étudier le désir et l'effort que manifeste et que tente l ' homme moderne, imbu d'une culture matérialiste, laïque et profane, pour retrouver la vie spirituelle de ses ancêtres son aspiration à la connaissance du sacré . Ce sujet, aussi vaste qu'il est élémentaire, exige l'examen de l'oeuvre complàte afin d'en dégager les constantes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Thomas, David Croft
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Ionesco, Eugène -- Criticism and interpretation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3610 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004534 , Ionesco, Eugène -- Criticism and interpretation
- Description: From Introduction: Au cours d'une interview accordée à deux critiques littéraires, le 9 novembre 1976 , Ionesco déclare : Un retour à la métaphysique me semble, à notré epoque, indispensable. Ce point de vue nous semble être d'une importance fondamentale, tant par la référence à un probleme spécifiquement moderne, que par la formulation d'une profonde préoccupation de l'auteur. Ionesco résume par là un débat qui informe continuellement son oeuvre théàtrale. Ce débat, et cette quête, sont les thèmes essentiels que nous voudrions mettre à jour dans cette oeuvre . Nous proposons donc d'étudier le désir et l'effort que manifeste et que tente l ' homme moderne, imbu d'une culture matérialiste, laïque et profane, pour retrouver la vie spirituelle de ses ancêtres son aspiration à la connaissance du sacré . Ce sujet, aussi vaste qu'il est élémentaire, exige l'examen de l'oeuvre complàte afin d'en dégager les constantes.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Molybdeunum mineralization with emphasis on porphyry systems genesis and exploration
- Authors: Puig-Pichuante, R M
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Molybdenum , Porphyry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006840
- Description: Mo became very important in the last century, because of its sophisticated properties and its use in the new technology of alloys . Porphyry systems (porphyry Cu-Mo and Mo) contribute a significant proportion (90 - 95 per cent) to the Mo world's production. This type of deposit is associated mainly with Phanerozoic orogenic belts. Above 87per cent of the world resources are in the American Circumpacific belts , both Andean and Cordilleran . Ore grade in porphyry Cu-Mo range from 0,005 to 0,04per cent Mo, whereas in porphyry Mo grades range from 0,08 to 0,75per cent Mo . These deposits are associated with a magmatism which shows an evolution from calcic in island arcs, to calc-alkaline in magmatic back arcs, with an increase of the Mo content in the same direction. Porphyry Mo deposits display several features in common with porphyry Cu deposits. hydrothermal Similarities include nature of host alteration patterns and distribution of rock intrusives, ore minerals. An interesting difference is found in the Re contents of the molybdenite mineral. This element is higher in the molybdenites of porphyry Cu, than in those of the porphyry Mo. The ore genesis process begins involves partial melting, within enriched zones of the upper mantle and magma differentation, liquid state thermogravitational diffusion, magma convection and boiling. These processes progressively concentrate Mo in the fluids, which are released at some stage, into sulphidic hydrothermal systems, under complex geologictectonic conditions involving fracturing, brecciation and hydrothermal alteration. Major concentrations of the ore mineral are always associated with potassic alteration, and with late magmatic-early hydrothermal stages (Chilean and Western North American porphyries). Geological mapping and a close understanding of alteration and mineralization patterns, and lithogeochemistry are important tools for the exploration of porphyry Mo deposits. Geochemical prospecting, using soils, vegetation and water as sampling media, and regional aeromagnetic, gravity surveys, aerial photography and remote sensing, are us.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Puig-Pichuante, R M
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Molybdenum , Porphyry
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5023 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006840
- Description: Mo became very important in the last century, because of its sophisticated properties and its use in the new technology of alloys . Porphyry systems (porphyry Cu-Mo and Mo) contribute a significant proportion (90 - 95 per cent) to the Mo world's production. This type of deposit is associated mainly with Phanerozoic orogenic belts. Above 87per cent of the world resources are in the American Circumpacific belts , both Andean and Cordilleran . Ore grade in porphyry Cu-Mo range from 0,005 to 0,04per cent Mo, whereas in porphyry Mo grades range from 0,08 to 0,75per cent Mo . These deposits are associated with a magmatism which shows an evolution from calcic in island arcs, to calc-alkaline in magmatic back arcs, with an increase of the Mo content in the same direction. Porphyry Mo deposits display several features in common with porphyry Cu deposits. hydrothermal Similarities include nature of host alteration patterns and distribution of rock intrusives, ore minerals. An interesting difference is found in the Re contents of the molybdenite mineral. This element is higher in the molybdenites of porphyry Cu, than in those of the porphyry Mo. The ore genesis process begins involves partial melting, within enriched zones of the upper mantle and magma differentation, liquid state thermogravitational diffusion, magma convection and boiling. These processes progressively concentrate Mo in the fluids, which are released at some stage, into sulphidic hydrothermal systems, under complex geologictectonic conditions involving fracturing, brecciation and hydrothermal alteration. Major concentrations of the ore mineral are always associated with potassic alteration, and with late magmatic-early hydrothermal stages (Chilean and Western North American porphyries). Geological mapping and a close understanding of alteration and mineralization patterns, and lithogeochemistry are important tools for the exploration of porphyry Mo deposits. Geochemical prospecting, using soils, vegetation and water as sampling media, and regional aeromagnetic, gravity surveys, aerial photography and remote sensing, are us.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Pilot study for a language experience project across the curriculum at the Cape College of Education
- Authors: Van Zyl, Alfred Edward
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Curriculum planning Teachers -- Training of Language and education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1832 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003914
- Description: From Introduction: The intention of this thesis is not the legitimising of a language across the curriculum project, but will rather attempt to illustrate that a language experience project across the curriculum is essential at the Cape College of Education. The Cape College of Education is currently the only black teacher training college in the Cape Province. This young college, which opened in 1981, is situated on the outskirts of Fort Beaufort and fills the vacuum left by the closure of Lovedale College. Students are drawn from the black population of the Cape Province, which is almost exclusively Xhosa-speaking. There is an equal mixture of male and female students and a similar number of students from both rural and urban environments. The ages of 1st-year students range from 18 years to 44 years, with a predominance of 25 - 27 year olds. All students are in full residence. The College offers 3-year courses leading to diplomas in Primary and Secondary school teaching. In the ensuing sections an attempt will be made to show why a language across the curriculum (LAC) project is recommended for the Cape College of Education and what form it should take. However, as a 'cross curriculum' project has never been officially attempted amongst the Xhosa, very little 'proven' material and empirical evidence exists. Consequently, this discourse may at times appear to lean rather heavily on the support of 'what has happened in England'. To overcome this shortcoming, the opinions of the English Language Teaching Centre (ELTIC), which consists of a number of very active and involved black, English teachers, was consulted. The paper delivered by this group of teachers at the 1982 Conference of the Institute of English in Africa, in Grahamstown, provides much support for the arguments presented in this thesis. Extensive use has been made of it to reveal the nature of the situation against which the language department at the Cape College of Education (henceforth referred to as CCE) is attempting to successfully teach English to students who are aspiring to eventually teach through the medium of English themselves. Copious use of quotations has been made in this presentation in an attempt to support many of the 'unmeasurable' arguments presented. This has been necessary as very little substantiated data relating to the matters under discussion exist at this stage. For example, "The claim that exposure to literature enhances English language competence has not, to our knowledge, been tested, nor have the categories of a new linguistic knowledge been defined." (Institute of English in Africa Paper, 1982)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Pilot study for a language experience project across the curriculum at the Cape College of Education
- Authors: Van Zyl, Alfred Edward
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Curriculum planning Teachers -- Training of Language and education -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1832 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003914
- Description: From Introduction: The intention of this thesis is not the legitimising of a language across the curriculum project, but will rather attempt to illustrate that a language experience project across the curriculum is essential at the Cape College of Education. The Cape College of Education is currently the only black teacher training college in the Cape Province. This young college, which opened in 1981, is situated on the outskirts of Fort Beaufort and fills the vacuum left by the closure of Lovedale College. Students are drawn from the black population of the Cape Province, which is almost exclusively Xhosa-speaking. There is an equal mixture of male and female students and a similar number of students from both rural and urban environments. The ages of 1st-year students range from 18 years to 44 years, with a predominance of 25 - 27 year olds. All students are in full residence. The College offers 3-year courses leading to diplomas in Primary and Secondary school teaching. In the ensuing sections an attempt will be made to show why a language across the curriculum (LAC) project is recommended for the Cape College of Education and what form it should take. However, as a 'cross curriculum' project has never been officially attempted amongst the Xhosa, very little 'proven' material and empirical evidence exists. Consequently, this discourse may at times appear to lean rather heavily on the support of 'what has happened in England'. To overcome this shortcoming, the opinions of the English Language Teaching Centre (ELTIC), which consists of a number of very active and involved black, English teachers, was consulted. The paper delivered by this group of teachers at the 1982 Conference of the Institute of English in Africa, in Grahamstown, provides much support for the arguments presented in this thesis. Extensive use has been made of it to reveal the nature of the situation against which the language department at the Cape College of Education (henceforth referred to as CCE) is attempting to successfully teach English to students who are aspiring to eventually teach through the medium of English themselves. Copious use of quotations has been made in this presentation in an attempt to support many of the 'unmeasurable' arguments presented. This has been necessary as very little substantiated data relating to the matters under discussion exist at this stage. For example, "The claim that exposure to literature enhances English language competence has not, to our knowledge, been tested, nor have the categories of a new linguistic knowledge been defined." (Institute of English in Africa Paper, 1982)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Plankton, fish and man - a triplet in limnology : inaugural speech delivered at Rhodes University
- Authors: Hart, Robert Clynton
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Limnology , Limnology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020704 , ISBN 0868101346
- Description: Inaugural speech delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Hart, Robert Clynton
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Limnology , Limnology -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:635 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020704 , ISBN 0868101346
- Description: Inaugural speech delivered at Rhodes University , Rhodes University Libraries (Digitisation)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Reply to correspondence: P.M. Gaylarde (1986) The human skin blanching assay—use and abuse
- Haigh, John M, Kanfer, Isadore, Meyer, Eric, Smith, Eric W
- Authors: Haigh, John M , Kanfer, Isadore , Meyer, Eric , Smith, Eric W
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6376 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006293
- Description: Finally, we would like to assure Dr Gaylarde that we do not advocate the use of the human skin blanching assay. There are several other in vivo methods for determining corticosteroid activity which will provide equally meaningful results. What we are advocating is that if the human skin blanching assay is going to be used, then it should be used properly.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Haigh, John M , Kanfer, Isadore , Meyer, Eric , Smith, Eric W
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6376 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006293
- Description: Finally, we would like to assure Dr Gaylarde that we do not advocate the use of the human skin blanching assay. There are several other in vivo methods for determining corticosteroid activity which will provide equally meaningful results. What we are advocating is that if the human skin blanching assay is going to be used, then it should be used properly.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Rhodes University 1986 Graduation Ceremonies Address
- Authors: Henderson, Derek Scott
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:7517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018394
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Henderson, Derek Scott
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:7517 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018394
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Rhodes University Graduation Ceremony 1986
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8120 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005703
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies on Friday, 11 April 1986 at 8 p.m. [and] on Saturday, 12 April 1986 at 10 a.m. in the 1820 Settlers National Monument.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Rhodes University
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: vital:8120 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005703
- Description: Rhodes University Graduation Ceremonies on Friday, 11 April 1986 at 8 p.m. [and] on Saturday, 12 April 1986 at 10 a.m. in the 1820 Settlers National Monument.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Soft believers and hard unbelievers in the Xhosa cattle-killing
- Authors: Peires, Jeffrey B
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6153 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007064 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700023264
- Description: A substantial minority, perhaps 15 per cent of all Xhosa, refused to obey the prophetess Nongqawuse's orders to kill their cattle and destroy their corn. This divided Xhosaland into two parties, the amathamba (‘soft’ ones, or believers) and the amagogotya (‘hard’ ones, or unbelievers). The affiliation of individuals was partly determined by a number of factors – lungsickness in cattle, political attitude towards the Cape Colony, religious beliefs, kinship, age and gender – but a systematic analysis of each of these factors in turn suggests that none of them was sufficiently important to constitute the basis of either party. The key to understanding the division lies in an analysis of the indigenous Xhosa terms ‘soft’ and ‘hard’. ‘Softness’ in Xhosa denotes the submissiveness of the individual to the common will of the community, whereas ‘hardness’ denotes the determination of the individual to pursue his own ends, even at communal expense. Translated into social terms, the ‘soft’ believers were those who remained committed to the mutual aid ethic of the declining precolonial society, whereas the ‘hard’ unbelievers were those who sought to seize advantage of the new opportunities offered by the colonial presence to increase their wealth and social prominence. The conflict between the social and personal imperatives was well expressed by Chief Smith Mhala, the unbelieving son of a believing father, when he said, ‘They say I am killing my father – so I would kill him before I would kill my cattle.’ Certainly, the division between amathamba and amagogotya ran much deeper than the division between belief and unbelief, and the Xhosa, in conferring these names, seem to have recognized the fact.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Peires, Jeffrey B
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6153 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007064 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021853700023264
- Description: A substantial minority, perhaps 15 per cent of all Xhosa, refused to obey the prophetess Nongqawuse's orders to kill their cattle and destroy their corn. This divided Xhosaland into two parties, the amathamba (‘soft’ ones, or believers) and the amagogotya (‘hard’ ones, or unbelievers). The affiliation of individuals was partly determined by a number of factors – lungsickness in cattle, political attitude towards the Cape Colony, religious beliefs, kinship, age and gender – but a systematic analysis of each of these factors in turn suggests that none of them was sufficiently important to constitute the basis of either party. The key to understanding the division lies in an analysis of the indigenous Xhosa terms ‘soft’ and ‘hard’. ‘Softness’ in Xhosa denotes the submissiveness of the individual to the common will of the community, whereas ‘hardness’ denotes the determination of the individual to pursue his own ends, even at communal expense. Translated into social terms, the ‘soft’ believers were those who remained committed to the mutual aid ethic of the declining precolonial society, whereas the ‘hard’ unbelievers were those who sought to seize advantage of the new opportunities offered by the colonial presence to increase their wealth and social prominence. The conflict between the social and personal imperatives was well expressed by Chief Smith Mhala, the unbelieving son of a believing father, when he said, ‘They say I am killing my father – so I would kill him before I would kill my cattle.’ Certainly, the division between amathamba and amagogotya ran much deeper than the division between belief and unbelief, and the Xhosa, in conferring these names, seem to have recognized the fact.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Some aspects of the autecology of Rhizoclonuium riparium (Roth) Harv. with special reference to its growth in the maturation ponds of the Grahamstown sewage works
- Authors: Snook, Deborah Jane
- Date: 1986 , 2013-03-11
- Subjects: Green algae , Marine algae -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4236 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004724 , Green algae , Marine algae -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Description: During 1982 benthic and floating filamentous algal mats appeared in the maturation ponds of the Grahamstown Sewage Disposal Works. These mats clogged the ponds and reduced the efficiency by which the effluent was purified. As they continued to be a problem despite numerous efforts to remove them, this study was initiated to investigate the alga, establish why it was successful in the pond environment, and how its growth could be controlled. The physico-chemical environment of a representative maturation pond was characterised while laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the growth, photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics in the alga. The alga was identified as Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harv. although its morphological variability was greater than that reported in the literature. Growth and photosynthetic studies indicated that the alga favoured temperatures between 20 and 30⁰C and relatively high light intensity (700μE.m⁻².s⁻¹) and that it was highly productive. In addition, the alga exhibited photoadaptive ability, although it seemed to be sensitive to photoinhibition. Its success in the maturation pond was attributed to the favourable physico-chemical environment, particularly the high transparency of the effluent which allowed the penetration of PAR to the pond floor and to the alga's ability to adapt to the change in environment when it floated from the pond floor to its surface. Although the algal mats contribute to the oxidation of the effuent within the maturation pond, they are generally detrimental to the system because they shade the water column and inhibit wind-induced mixing. Recommendations on methods of controlling of the mats are presented. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Snook, Deborah Jane
- Date: 1986 , 2013-03-11
- Subjects: Green algae , Marine algae -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4236 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004724 , Green algae , Marine algae -- South Africa -- Grahamstown , Estuarine ecology -- South Africa -- Grahamstown
- Description: During 1982 benthic and floating filamentous algal mats appeared in the maturation ponds of the Grahamstown Sewage Disposal Works. These mats clogged the ponds and reduced the efficiency by which the effluent was purified. As they continued to be a problem despite numerous efforts to remove them, this study was initiated to investigate the alga, establish why it was successful in the pond environment, and how its growth could be controlled. The physico-chemical environment of a representative maturation pond was characterised while laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the growth, photosynthetic and respiratory characteristics in the alga. The alga was identified as Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harv. although its morphological variability was greater than that reported in the literature. Growth and photosynthetic studies indicated that the alga favoured temperatures between 20 and 30⁰C and relatively high light intensity (700μE.m⁻².s⁻¹) and that it was highly productive. In addition, the alga exhibited photoadaptive ability, although it seemed to be sensitive to photoinhibition. Its success in the maturation pond was attributed to the favourable physico-chemical environment, particularly the high transparency of the effluent which allowed the penetration of PAR to the pond floor and to the alga's ability to adapt to the change in environment when it floated from the pond floor to its surface. Although the algal mats contribute to the oxidation of the effuent within the maturation pond, they are generally detrimental to the system because they shade the water column and inhibit wind-induced mixing. Recommendations on methods of controlling of the mats are presented. , KMBT_363 , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Some aspects of the ecology of the Eastern Cape rocky Sandelia Bainsii (Pisces : Anabantidae) in the Tyume River, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Authors: Mayekiso, Monde
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Anabantidae , Perciformes , Labyrinth fishes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5196 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001972 , Anabantidae , Perciformes , Labyrinth fishes
- Description: This is an account of some aspects of the ecology of the eastern Cape rocky, Sandelia bainsii Castelnau in the Tyume river in the eastern Cape. Previous unpublished work carried out by the Zoology Department of the University of Fort Hare in the mid-seventies indicated that the species was rare in the Tyume river. Because of its uncertain conservation status, its restricted geographic distribution and the lack of information on its biology, demography, feeding and reproductive biology were studied. The species occurs in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Tyume river and is common in rocky , shallow habitats in the middle reaches of the system. The most important threats to the survival of S. bainsii appear to be habitat alteration and alien species. The presence of these threats and the small size of the population suggest that the species may be vulnerable to local extinction. As the total range of the species extends to only a few rivers in the eastern Cape, the species might face extinction if these threats are faced throughout its range. A detailed study on the autecology of S. bainsii was therefore carried out in order to provide a basis for rational conservation and management of the remaining populations of the species.The age structure and the growth rate of S. bainsii was determined using checks on scales and otoliths. Males grow faster and reach a larger size than females. The maximum length of S. bainsii is compared to that of other anabantids. The longevity of males is 5 years and that of females 3 years. Food preferences were determined by three different methods and the indices of relative importance of food items calculated for different length groups and seasons. S. bainsii was found to be an euryphagous and opportunistic predator whose diet consists largely of insects. A considerable overlap was found between the diet of S. bainsii and that of the two alien species, Salmo gairdneri and Micropterus salmoides which indicates a possibility of competition for food. Mark and recapture experiments showed that S. bainsii is a "sedentary " species which is unlikely to be seriously affected by man-made barriers to fish migration, such as weirs. The species reaches maturity during its second growing season (males 80 - 89mm and females 60 - 69mm) and the length at maturity is related to the modal length of males and females. A large proportion of the fish are thus mature at any given time. The fish spawn repeatedly during the summer breeding season, October to February resulting in near continuous recruitment. The possible adaptive value of this habit is discussed. An attempt is made to evaluate the life history style of S. bainsii in terms of the theory of r - and K- selection and altricial and precocial life history styles
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Mayekiso, Monde
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Anabantidae , Perciformes , Labyrinth fishes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:5196 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001972 , Anabantidae , Perciformes , Labyrinth fishes
- Description: This is an account of some aspects of the ecology of the eastern Cape rocky, Sandelia bainsii Castelnau in the Tyume river in the eastern Cape. Previous unpublished work carried out by the Zoology Department of the University of Fort Hare in the mid-seventies indicated that the species was rare in the Tyume river. Because of its uncertain conservation status, its restricted geographic distribution and the lack of information on its biology, demography, feeding and reproductive biology were studied. The species occurs in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Tyume river and is common in rocky , shallow habitats in the middle reaches of the system. The most important threats to the survival of S. bainsii appear to be habitat alteration and alien species. The presence of these threats and the small size of the population suggest that the species may be vulnerable to local extinction. As the total range of the species extends to only a few rivers in the eastern Cape, the species might face extinction if these threats are faced throughout its range. A detailed study on the autecology of S. bainsii was therefore carried out in order to provide a basis for rational conservation and management of the remaining populations of the species.The age structure and the growth rate of S. bainsii was determined using checks on scales and otoliths. Males grow faster and reach a larger size than females. The maximum length of S. bainsii is compared to that of other anabantids. The longevity of males is 5 years and that of females 3 years. Food preferences were determined by three different methods and the indices of relative importance of food items calculated for different length groups and seasons. S. bainsii was found to be an euryphagous and opportunistic predator whose diet consists largely of insects. A considerable overlap was found between the diet of S. bainsii and that of the two alien species, Salmo gairdneri and Micropterus salmoides which indicates a possibility of competition for food. Mark and recapture experiments showed that S. bainsii is a "sedentary " species which is unlikely to be seriously affected by man-made barriers to fish migration, such as weirs. The species reaches maturity during its second growing season (males 80 - 89mm and females 60 - 69mm) and the length at maturity is related to the modal length of males and females. A large proportion of the fish are thus mature at any given time. The fish spawn repeatedly during the summer breeding season, October to February resulting in near continuous recruitment. The possible adaptive value of this habit is discussed. An attempt is made to evaluate the life history style of S. bainsii in terms of the theory of r - and K- selection and altricial and precocial life history styles
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Some geochemical constraints upon models for the crystallization of the upper critical zone-main zone interval, northwestern Bushveld complex
- Eales, Hugh V, Marsh, Julian S, Mitchell, Andrew A, de Klerk, William J, Kruger, Floris J, Field, Matthew
- Authors: Eales, Hugh V , Marsh, Julian S , Mitchell, Andrew A , de Klerk, William J , Kruger, Floris J , Field, Matthew
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/136044 , vital:37331 , https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.358.03
- Description: Ratios between elements Mg, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, V, and Sc are consistently different in mafic rocks of the upper critical zone, and those above the Bastard unit. Within the 300 m section above the Merensky Reef, 87Sr/86Sr ratios increase from c.0.7063 to c.0.7087, irrespective of rock type. Decoupling of Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) ratios and the Ca contents of plagioclase, and wide variations in the proportions of anorthosite within the Bastard, Merensky, and Merensky Footwall units, are inconsistent with anorthosite formation by simple fractional crystallization of magma batches of limited volume.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Eales, Hugh V , Marsh, Julian S , Mitchell, Andrew A , de Klerk, William J , Kruger, Floris J , Field, Matthew
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/136044 , vital:37331 , https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.358.03
- Description: Ratios between elements Mg, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, V, and Sc are consistently different in mafic rocks of the upper critical zone, and those above the Bastard unit. Within the 300 m section above the Merensky Reef, 87Sr/86Sr ratios increase from c.0.7063 to c.0.7087, irrespective of rock type. Decoupling of Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) ratios and the Ca contents of plagioclase, and wide variations in the proportions of anorthosite within the Bastard, Merensky, and Merensky Footwall units, are inconsistent with anorthosite formation by simple fractional crystallization of magma batches of limited volume.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Statement on the State of Emergency
- Authors: Henderson, Derek Scott
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7552 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018429
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Henderson, Derek Scott
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:7552 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018429
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Studies in carangid fishes no. 4: the identity of Scomber Sansun Forsskal, 1775
- Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:15050 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020232
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Smith, J.L.B. (James Leonard Brierley), 1897-1968
- Date: 1986
- Language: English
- Type: Text
- Identifier: vital:15050 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020232
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Techniques in contemporary book illustration
- Authors: Huggins, Linda Wreford
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Illustration of books -- History -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2462 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008567
- Description: Introduction: Although the hackneyed adage "one picture is worth a thousand words" defies proof and begs argument, the basic value of illustration in graphic communications is beyond dispute. Without attempting to put a relative value on illustration as compared with words, we can still be aware of the special effectiveness of images, in accomplishing communication goals. The roots of illustration go hack to prehistoric pictorial art of engraved or painted figures done on stone. The hand print can be interpreted as one of the first attempts at drawing. Prehistoric pictorial art depicted visually what could not be expressed by word or gestures some had religious significance, some the presence of myth, others plainly diadactic, showing daily life, social communication, the magic of the hunt, death, birth, group life and sexual symbolism. Little is known of the vast lapse of time between prehistoric art and the imagery that man devised in the service of developing civilisations at the dawn of history. With steadily increasing demands upon his skills, the artisan's mastery of the tools and materials progressed, so that by the beginning of recorded time he was in possession of the potential elements for printmaking. Yet the importance of communication, as we know it today, only developed centuries later with the motivating force of religion. The print could tell its story to those who could not read or write but could quickly grasp the meaning of a picture.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Huggins, Linda Wreford
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Illustration of books -- History -- 20th century
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2462 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008567
- Description: Introduction: Although the hackneyed adage "one picture is worth a thousand words" defies proof and begs argument, the basic value of illustration in graphic communications is beyond dispute. Without attempting to put a relative value on illustration as compared with words, we can still be aware of the special effectiveness of images, in accomplishing communication goals. The roots of illustration go hack to prehistoric pictorial art of engraved or painted figures done on stone. The hand print can be interpreted as one of the first attempts at drawing. Prehistoric pictorial art depicted visually what could not be expressed by word or gestures some had religious significance, some the presence of myth, others plainly diadactic, showing daily life, social communication, the magic of the hunt, death, birth, group life and sexual symbolism. Little is known of the vast lapse of time between prehistoric art and the imagery that man devised in the service of developing civilisations at the dawn of history. With steadily increasing demands upon his skills, the artisan's mastery of the tools and materials progressed, so that by the beginning of recorded time he was in possession of the potential elements for printmaking. Yet the importance of communication, as we know it today, only developed centuries later with the motivating force of religion. The print could tell its story to those who could not read or write but could quickly grasp the meaning of a picture.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
Tempera painting: an investigation of the aesthetic and technical advantages of the medium
- Authors: De Bliquy, Leon Paul
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Painting -- Technique Tempura painting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2469 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009443
- Description: From Introduction: The balance between practical and theoretic components in the total submission bears relation to the title of this essay where aesthetic advantages are largely theoretical and where technical advantages refer mainly to the practical component. The historical significance of this structure is to be found in the earliest treatises on painting, Cenninni's treatment of painting as a purely practical matter is in accord with medieval tradition. His recipes are aligned according to the various individual techniques, tempera painting being the most significant to this essay. Practical recipes are interspersed with directions for the representation of various pictorial themes, and in the resultant conglomeration, the subdivisions are discernible only as basic premises. In contrast to him, the Renaissance authors beginning with Alberti make a significant innovation in that they divide their material into a theoretical and a practical part . The inter-relationship of practical and theoretical - aesthetic and technical aspects are un-avoidable when it comes down to realities. This is clearly illustrated in the notes of Leonardo da Vinci. Plans for the organization of the treatise are vaguely formulated .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: De Bliquy, Leon Paul
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Painting -- Technique Tempura painting
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2469 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009443
- Description: From Introduction: The balance between practical and theoretic components in the total submission bears relation to the title of this essay where aesthetic advantages are largely theoretical and where technical advantages refer mainly to the practical component. The historical significance of this structure is to be found in the earliest treatises on painting, Cenninni's treatment of painting as a purely practical matter is in accord with medieval tradition. His recipes are aligned according to the various individual techniques, tempera painting being the most significant to this essay. Practical recipes are interspersed with directions for the representation of various pictorial themes, and in the resultant conglomeration, the subdivisions are discernible only as basic premises. In contrast to him, the Renaissance authors beginning with Alberti make a significant innovation in that they divide their material into a theoretical and a practical part . The inter-relationship of practical and theoretical - aesthetic and technical aspects are un-avoidable when it comes down to realities. This is clearly illustrated in the notes of Leonardo da Vinci. Plans for the organization of the treatise are vaguely formulated .
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
The "About to teach" course: an introductory orientation course for secondary teachers in training: an evaluation of student assessments
- Authors: Coughlan, Niall Sean
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape High school teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1910 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007057
- Description: This piece of research is an attempt to evaluate the assessments made by secondary teachers in training of an introductory orientation course offered during the first seven weeks of the 1984 H.D. E. course in the Department of Education of Rhodes University. This course, the About To Teach (ATT) course, was introduced in an attempt to obviate some of the perceived problems that students experience in the initial months of their H.D.E. year. The course was first offered in 1982 and in both 1982 and 1983 it was assessed by the students. The evaluation of the assessments offered in those two years provided much of the background for this in-depth look at student assessments of the 1984 ATT course. Briefly, the course attempts to offer the students a stimulating, meaningful, interesting and enjoyable learning experience which will help them to orientate; prepare them adequately for their first teaching practice and the reception later of the offerings of the core theory discipline of Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology. The course itself is a piece of action research and its underlying assumptions are essentially humanistic in nature. Its planners have attempted to bracket as many assumptions as possible and to espouse only those assumptions which are basically positive in nature. It does not attempt to prescribe or offer any dogma which can or must be assessed in any formal sense; it attempts to meet the students from whatever stages in their development they are at when they arrive to commence their H.D.E. year; and it does not attempt to compel the students in any way whatsoever. It is a course which must stand or fall on its own merits. Since the researcher is himself an involved participant in the process, he felt that the completion of a detailed questionnaire and interviews with a sample of the students would be the most economical and the best means of obtaining data for as objective an analysis as possible. To further obviate the possibility of researcher bias all the responses collected have been included in the appendices so that the reader may satisfy him/herself that the interpretations made and conclusions drawn are reasonable. Briefly, the chief conclusion of this researcher is that the overwhelming majority of the students perceived the course as offering them a meaningful learning experience. In addition, it can be argued that the course is, in effect, a guidance course in that it appears to be preparing students for experiences which they still have to come across . Most are generally critical of other courses offered during the H.D . E. year and many make an appeal for, or suggest, a much more integrated approach along the lines of the ATT course . There is a definite appeal for a coherent H.D.E. experience which is meaningful and 'peoplecentred'. By no stretch of the imagination can the findings of this particular piece of research be generalised to any other context since it is very definitely specific in both context and setting. However the researcher is quietly confident that his conclusions and recommendations make a great deal of sense within the specific context of this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986
- Authors: Coughlan, Niall Sean
- Date: 1986
- Subjects: Teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape High school teachers -- Training of -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1910 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007057
- Description: This piece of research is an attempt to evaluate the assessments made by secondary teachers in training of an introductory orientation course offered during the first seven weeks of the 1984 H.D. E. course in the Department of Education of Rhodes University. This course, the About To Teach (ATT) course, was introduced in an attempt to obviate some of the perceived problems that students experience in the initial months of their H.D.E. year. The course was first offered in 1982 and in both 1982 and 1983 it was assessed by the students. The evaluation of the assessments offered in those two years provided much of the background for this in-depth look at student assessments of the 1984 ATT course. Briefly, the course attempts to offer the students a stimulating, meaningful, interesting and enjoyable learning experience which will help them to orientate; prepare them adequately for their first teaching practice and the reception later of the offerings of the core theory discipline of Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology. The course itself is a piece of action research and its underlying assumptions are essentially humanistic in nature. Its planners have attempted to bracket as many assumptions as possible and to espouse only those assumptions which are basically positive in nature. It does not attempt to prescribe or offer any dogma which can or must be assessed in any formal sense; it attempts to meet the students from whatever stages in their development they are at when they arrive to commence their H.D.E. year; and it does not attempt to compel the students in any way whatsoever. It is a course which must stand or fall on its own merits. Since the researcher is himself an involved participant in the process, he felt that the completion of a detailed questionnaire and interviews with a sample of the students would be the most economical and the best means of obtaining data for as objective an analysis as possible. To further obviate the possibility of researcher bias all the responses collected have been included in the appendices so that the reader may satisfy him/herself that the interpretations made and conclusions drawn are reasonable. Briefly, the chief conclusion of this researcher is that the overwhelming majority of the students perceived the course as offering them a meaningful learning experience. In addition, it can be argued that the course is, in effect, a guidance course in that it appears to be preparing students for experiences which they still have to come across . Most are generally critical of other courses offered during the H.D . E. year and many make an appeal for, or suggest, a much more integrated approach along the lines of the ATT course . There is a definite appeal for a coherent H.D.E. experience which is meaningful and 'peoplecentred'. By no stretch of the imagination can the findings of this particular piece of research be generalised to any other context since it is very definitely specific in both context and setting. However the researcher is quietly confident that his conclusions and recommendations make a great deal of sense within the specific context of this study.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1986