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Cleavage of the precursor coat protein of black beetle virus strain w17 in rabbit reticulocyte lysate

  • Authors: Blackhurst, Diane Mary
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Beetles , Insects -- Viruses
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:3880 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001614
  • Description: Black beetle virus (BBV) is a bipartite single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Nodaviridae. Its host range has been found to be limited to insects. RNA 1, the larger of the two RNA molecules, with a MW of 1,15 x 10⁶ and the smaller RNA 2 with a MW of 0,46 x 10⁶, are both packaged in the same virus particle. The two RNA molecules are translated separately, with RNA 1 coding for protein A of MW 105 x 10³ and RNA 2 coding for protein α of MW 47 x 10³. Protein α is the major capsid protein precursor, which during in vivo maturation is cleaved to form the coat protein β of MW 43 x 10³, and protein γ of MW 5 x 10³. Cell-free translation of BBV (strain W17) mRNA was carried out in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Protein α was detectable between 0 and 30 minutes after RNA addition. A protein 'β', which was found to co-electrophorese on polyacrylamide gels with authentic β and which was immunoprecipitated by anti-BBV antiserum, was detectable after 30 minutes. Results of this work show that the formation of 'β' could be prevented by the addition of RNase to the lysate, indicating that intact RNA is necessary for α to β cleavage. Arresting protein synthesis by the addition of cycloheximide to the lysate mix did not inhibit the cleavage. The formation of β could also be prevented by cooling the lysate mix to 1°C. Cleavage of α to β still occurred when RNA 2, without the presence of RNA 1, was translated. Therefore the cleavage is not dependent on a translation product of RNA 1. Sedimentation of lysate on sucrose density gradients showed that α to β cleavage was not accompanied by assembly of BBV RNA and protein lnto a viral substructure as has been shown to occur with some viruses, for example certain picornaviruses. Serial dilution of lysate containing α showed that the level of β decreased with increasing dilution, indicating that the cleavage is not mediated by autocatalysis, but by some other unknown factor. Although much work has been carried out on black beetle virus, no work has been published to date concerning α to β cleavage as an indication of assembly in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Results of these cell-free translation experiments thus indicate that BBV coat protein precursor α, in association with its messenger RNA 2, undergoes a maturation cleavage in the lysate to produce BBV coat protein β. In addition, this cleavage seems to occur without assembly into any intermediate viral structure
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  • Date Issued: 1988

Collection Song

Collection Song

Colour and sculpture : an investigation into the use of two dimensional media in sculpture

  • Authors: Wright, Jeanne
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Sculpture -- Technique Sculpture -- History Color in art
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
  • Identifier: vital:2436 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004783
  • Description: From Introduction: Creative images which are normally called 'art' can be distinguished as either 'plastic' or visual. Both these forms throughout the history of art have relied to a greater or lesser degree on the use of colour. It is my intention to investigate specifically the changing role which colour has played in sculpture - the 'plastic' media of the visual arts and to chart the technical and aesthetic reasons for the use of colour. This investigation will encompass the historical perspective, the material qualities, aesthetic considerations, transitional codes and methods of approach in sociological frameworks and the examination of colour as a metaphysical element in the presentation of three dimensional media.
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  • Date Issued: 1988

Come, come to Jesus

Comparison of the blanching activities of Dermovate, Betnovate and Eumovate creams and ointments

  • Authors: Meyer, Eric , Magnus, Ashley D , Haigh, John M , Kanfer, Isadore
  • Date: 1988
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6393 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006315
  • Description: The human skin blanching assay was used to determine the blanching activities of Dermovate, Betnovate and Eumovate creams and ointments. Dermovate was found to elicit a superior blanching response to Betnovate which in turn elicited a superior blanching response to Eumovate, except in the comparison of Betnovate and Eumovate ointments under occlusion. The importance of employing the correct methodology of the blanching assay is emphasized and the good correlation between the results of this study and clinical trials is indicated.
  • Full Text: false
  • Date Issued: 1988

Computer modelling of ore body formation by a multi-disciplinary approach : some initial results

  • Authors: Rice, A
  • Date: 1988
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: vital:6741 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007557
  • Description: Reports on the initial efforts of a computational programme at Rhodes University in Cape Province, South Africa to model the formation of mineral deposits in the country. Initial results pertaining to the cooling of buried bodies of molten rock; Contribution to a better margin of success for South African mineral industries.
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  • Date Issued: 1988

Concept development in aspects of ecology

  • Authors: Webb, Paul
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Ecology -- Study and teaching
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1354 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001420
  • Description: In this study food webs and a case study are used to investigate concepts which university students and high school pupils hold about ecology and the degree to which concept development has taken place at particular educational levels. The sample was drawn from first year zoology students and biology pupils in standards eight and ten. Present data indicate that students and pupils could solve problems involving the interactions of populations only if they were simple enough to be answered using strategies based on the food chain concept. Very few subjects could succesfully determine all the interacting pathways along which effects may be transmitted within a food web. The ability to determine all the pathways along which the effects of a change in population numbers within a community are spread, and to analyse the possible net manifestation of sometimes conflicting forces, requires a clear understanding of the concept of food web. An immature understanding of the food web concept by the subjects of this study is suggested as, in most cases, they identified alternate pathways within the food web when explicitly asked to do so, but did not apply this strategy when asked to solve problems based on the same principle. The case study also revealed immature ecological concepts. Responses by standard eight pupils indicate that the opportunity exists at this level to develop a clear and mature understanding of the concept of food web, while comparison of data provided by the three age groups suggests that if clear conceptual development regarding food webs does not take place at school, misconceptions are likely to persist among first year university students.
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  • Date Issued: 1988

Confiteor

Consecration Acclamation

Consecration Acclamation

Consecration and Acclamation

Credo

Creed

Creed

Creed

Creed

Creed Response

Criminal and civil aspects of bribery

  • Authors: Leslie, Andrew Brian
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Bribery
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
  • Identifier: vital:3701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004607
  • Description: The purpose of this work is to identify legal action which may be taken against parties to bribery in the fields of criminal and civil law. In particular, the element of mens rea is investigated with regard to criminal corruption. On the civil side, the principal, who has been the victim of bribery, has various remedies against the parties to the bribe. These remedies are analysed with special reference to the influence of English law on the South African law in this field. The options open to the principal, where his agent has made a secret profit which does not amount to bribery, are also considered.
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  • Date Issued: 1988

Defined by wine : a study of sacramentalism in George Herbertʾs poetry

  • Authors: Goddard, Kevin Graham
  • Date: 1988
  • Subjects: Herbert, George, 1593-1633 -- Criticism and interpretation , Christian poetry, English -- History and criticism
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:2177 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001828
  • Description: This dissertation proposes that George Herbertʾs poetry may profitably be understood as a sacramental means by which the divine is made present in temporal existence. In order to support this claim, the relation between sacramental symbolism and literary symbolism, particularly Herbertʾs, is examined from a number of perspectives. The symbolic meanings suggested by Herbertʾs title (The Temple), and their relation to sacramentalism are considered in the opening chapter. This includes a consideration of some of the background to the analogical thinking prevalent in both the seventeenth-century and Herbert. It is followed in the second chapter by an examination of some of the modern theories about how literary symbolism may relate to sacramental symbolism, a discussion which is followed by a consideration of this dissertation's argument in relation to modern scholarship. The chapter ends with a reading of ʺThe Flowerʺ. The third chapter discusses the poet's attempt to imitate the divine by ʺcopyingʺ both Scripture and Nature, and this includes a consideration of the allegorical and hieroglyphic modes of thought prevalent in the poems. The concern with imitation encourages an examination of the poet's frequent invitation for God actually to assume the poet's role, and this is the subject of the fourth chapter. The argument suggests that the poet's attempt to ʺsacrificeʺ his own writing may be seen in his concern with corporate imagery and corporate (impersonal) structures. The five ʺAfflictionʺ poems are examined as examples of the first, while structures such as synecdoche and metonymy are examined as examples of the second. The final chapter considers aspects of narrative time in the poems, particularly the sense often evoked of the eternal being imminent in the present. This involves a consideration of both liturgical imagery, and what may be called liturgical structures as they can be seen to operate in the poems. Particular examples of the latter are the relation between the liturgical anamnesis and the poems, as well as certain narrative structures that may be called ʺachronisticʺ.
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  • Date Issued: 1988
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