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Cross-cultural communication in a north-eastern Cape farming community:

  • Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
  • Date: 1989
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175313 , vital:42564 , https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586786
  • Description: Cross-cultural communication is dealt with and more specifically, the communicative competence of 15 white English-speaking farmers when they speak Xhosa to their labourers is assessed. This research was conducted in the Elliot, Ugie, and Maclear areas of the north-eastern Cape. A broad sociolinguistic framework drawing on both ethnographic and ethnomethodological principles was used; complications caused by cross-cultural differences which are reflected in language, and which may lead to possible communication breakdown, were isolated. The actual analysis of speech in terms of ethnomethodological principles, such as turn-taking and the co-operative principle, was undertaken.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1989

Die begrip verganklikheid as komplekse kode in enkele werke van Hennie Aucamp

  • Authors: Garbers, Marius Wolhuter
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: Aucamp, Hennie -- Criticism and interpretation
  • Language: Afrikaans
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:3567 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002090
  • Description: Mortality has always been a popular theme in literature. By means of a semiological and narratological approach, it has been endeavoured in this study to prove that transience comprises a complex code constituted by a whole series of codes. In each of the chosen volumes one specific short story is analysed and all the codes related to transience are defined and described. Then these codes are discussed within the context of the volume as a whole. The following codes have been identified and analysed: death and death related codes, decay, distress, frustration, emptiness, loneliness observe, look and see, reproduction, the code of ageing, youth/ageing, lost love, time. The following texts of Aucamp have been used as the object of study: Die Hartseerwals, Spitsuur and 'n Bruidsbed vir Tant Nonnie. The reason these texts were selected, is twofold: They represent the early works of the author. The continuity is essential for making meaningful deductions. The final conclusions are: Man's bond with an environment which is characterised by continual change, influences his existence and makes his life a tentative experience. Transience involves more than merely ageing, obsolescence and death. Transience is a complex experience, related to the physical and mental in man. Besides ageing, sexuality contributes to man's downfall. Loneliness, isolation and frustration determine his actions and stress his experience of transience. The result is a painful experience of life.
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  • Date Issued: 1989

Dinaledi

Dithapelo Tsa Badumedi

Dithapelo Tsa Badumedi

Dithapelo Tsa Badumedi

Dithapelo Tsa Basumesi

Dithapolo

Dlangamandla

Educare work in Ciskei with special reference to the Keiskammahoek district

  • Authors: Oosthuysen, Lucia
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: Educare , Education, Preschool -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Education, Primary -- South Africa -- Ciskei , Readiness for school -- South Africa -- Ciskei
  • Language: English
  • Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1356 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001422
  • Description: High drop-out rates in the sub-standards in developing countries prompted the researcher to investigate preschool education in first and third world countries, and attend to the related problem of school readiness. The rapidly expanding Educare preschool project in the rural area ot Keiskammahoek in Ciskei was investigated as an example ot community-based low-cost preschool education. A final sample of 41 children who had attended Educare Centres were matched to a control group on age, sex, primary school (where possible), and breadwinner's occupation. The Abbreviated Aptitude Test for School Beginners (standardised on Xhosa-speaking school beginners) was used to test tor significant differences between the two groups six to seven weeks atter school entry. A t-test was used on raw scores and chi-squared tests on staves. No signiticant difference was found between the means of the experimental and control groups. On a subjective rating scale for general-linguistic development and socio-emotional adjustment, no significant difference between means of the experimental and control groups was found. The experimental group's tailure to perform better than the control group, could be ascribed to various reasons, amongst others, the possible shortcoming that the pairs were not matched on intelligence, severe lack ot equipment in Educare Centres, large numbers of children in the majority of groups, uniform programmes for a wide age range, irregular attendance ot children, the low level of training of supervisors and poor home conditions. Scholastic abilities of school beginners in the Keiskammahoek District, as tested, were poor. Results deviated grossly from standardised norms. The expected percentage for the combined categories Very Weak and Weak is, tor instance, 31%; in this investigation, however, 73% of the testees fell in these two classes. Chronologically older children generally performed better. A highly significant difference existed between testees under six years and those over six years. This investigation indicated the need for better organised preschool education in rural areas in Ciskei. proposals with substantial financial implications are: Better training of para-professional staff by qualified staff. Training of qualified staff to provide expertise in preschool education in Ciskei. Provision of sufficient educational materials by Government subsidies and private sponsors. Institution of bridge classes by the Ciskei Department of Education to promote school readiness. Suggestions without financial implications include: An investigation of regulations regarding entrance age for basic education. Only in exceptional cases should children under six be admitted. Daily programmes in Educare Centres geared towards learning readiness without becoming academic. An age limit of three years for admittance to Educare Centres. Very young children should be catered for separately. Liaison between Sub A teachers and Educare staff. , Adobe Acrobat 9.53 Paper Capture Plug-in
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  • Date Issued: 1989

Effects of incremented loads over preferred values on psychophysical and selected gait kinematic factor

  • Authors: Manley, Peter Gwynne
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: Psychophysiology , Kinematics , Work -- Physiological aspects , Human engineering
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
  • Identifier: vital:5160 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015734
  • Description: This study investigated the effects of incremented loads greater than maximal acceptable loads on selected locomotor kinematic and psychophysical variables for four different hand-held load-carriage methods. Ten male and ten female subjects, between the ages of 18 and 30, participated in four experimental sessions. Data collection involved obtaining selected anthropometric, strength, maximal load and preferred load, gait kinematic, and psychophysical values. The anthropometric, strength and load capacity variables enabled absolute and morphology normalised sex-based comparisons to be made. The kinematic and psychophysical parameters were used to quantify any changes from two sets of baseline values,"unloaded" and "maximal acceptable load" values, when loads were increased and carrying methods changed. Statistical analysis revealed that males were taller, heavier and stronger than females (p<0.05). Males chose significantly greater maximal acceptable loads and absolute maximal loads than females when expressed in their absolute or relative terms. Preferred walking speeds were not significantly different for unloaded or loaded conditions, although males walked significantly faster in absolute terms (but not in relative terms) than females. Different load carrying methods and incremented loads brought. about significant changes to several of the kinematic parameters investigated. Finally, ratings of perceived exertion, as well as the number of exertion sites, were seen to increase significantly as load increased. These values were not, however, significantly affected by differences in load carriage method.
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  • Date Issued: 1989

Emergency law: judicial control of executive power under the states of emergency in South Africa

  • Authors: Grogan, John
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: War and emergency legislation -- South Africa , Internal security -- South Africa , Civil rights -- South Africa , Executive power -- South Africa , Judicial review of administrative acts -- South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:3674 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003189 , War and emergency legislation -- South Africa , Internal security -- South Africa , Civil rights -- South Africa , Executive power -- South Africa , Judicial review of administrative acts -- South Africa
  • Description: This work examines the legal effects of a declaration of a state of emergency under the Public Safety Act 3 of 1953 and the exercise of legislative and administrative powers pursuant thereto. The general basis of judicial control over executive action and the various devices used to limit or oust the court's jurisdiction are set out and explained. Against this background, the courts' performance of their supervisory role under the special circumstances of emergency rule is critically surveyed and assessed. The legal issues raised by the exercise of emergency powers is examined at the various levels of their deployment: first, the declaration of a state of emergency; second, the making of emergency regulations; third, their execution by means of administrative action, including detention, banning, censorship and the use of force. The major cases concerning emergency issues, both reported and unreported, are analysed in their appropriate contexts, and an overview provided of the effects of emergency regulations and orders on such freedoms as South Africans enjoy under the 'ordinary' law. Finally, an attempt is made to assess how these decisions have affected the prospect of judicial review of executive action, both in the emergency context and in the field of administrative law generally. The conclusion is that, however far the Appellate Division may appear to have gone towards eliminating the role of the law in the emergency regime, grounds remain for the courts to exercise a more vigorous supervisory role should they choose to do so in future.
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  • Date Issued: 1989

Energetic and kinematic responses to morphology-normalised speeds of walking and running

  • Authors: Williams, Martin Andrew
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: Running -- Physiological aspects , Walking -- Physiological aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
  • Identifier: vital:5166 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016240
  • Description: This study investigated the influence of human morphology upon selected physiological, biomechanical and psychological responses to horizontal locomotion. In so doing, it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness with which morphology-normalised speeds of walking and running reduced the between-subject variability that is inherent in human locomotor responses. Twenty caucasian males were divided into two groups on the basis of stature - ten subjects in each of a "short" category (<170cm) and a "tall" category (>185cm). All subjects were habituated to treadmill locomotion prior to exposure to three walking treatments (0.83, 1.39 and 1.94m.s⁻¹) and three running treatments (2.50, 3.06 and 3.61m.s⁻¹). During each of these five-minute locomotor conditions, energetic (V02), kinematic (cadence and stride length) and psychophysical (central and local RPE) data were captured. From these data, lines of best fit were calculated for each subject, allowing for a prediction of the abovementioned locomotor variables from known absolute rates of progression. Using suitable regression equations, subject responses to morphology-normalised speeds of walking and running were effectively extrapolated. When the rate of progression was expressed in absolute terms (m.s⁻¹), significant differences (P <0.05) were found between the stature-related groups with respect to both energetic and kinematic locomotor responses. Such differences were successfully eliminated when use was made of locomotor speeds relativised on the basis of morphology. This study concludes that the use of appropriately prescribed morphology-normalised rates of progression are effective in reducing the variability in locomotor responses between subjects differing significantly in stature.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1989

Entrance Procession

Eskom 1989 Negotiations report back

  • Authors: NUM
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: NUM
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134893 , vital:37215
  • Description: Eskom has paid wage increases to salaried staff backdated to 1 April 1989. The NUM has NOT agreed with these increases because they are too low. We are not allowed to go on strike at Eskom - we have to get an arbitrator to decide if the increases must be bigger.
  • Full Text:
  • Date Issued: 1989

Eskom wage negotiations for general workers 1989

  • Authors: NUM
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: NUM
  • Language: English
  • Type: text
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134916 , vital:37217
  • Description: Eskom started the 1989 wage negotiations with an offer of 7% on average. They said this offer is ail they need to make to keep their relative position in the labour market. we believe that the Eskom offer is contrary to the substance and spirit of Arbitration Award which forced Eskom, in 1988, to grant a 14,8% average increase in place of the 10% average increase Eskom implemented unilaterally m July last year. Dr Dry, the Eskom personnel manager, read out from an NUM pamphlet issued after the arbitrators raised the wages. He read out this one sentence. Today, through unity, the minimum wage rates as Eskom are amongst the highest in the country for workers living in compounds.
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  • Date Issued: 1989

Ethical issues in human movement research

  • Authors: Olivier, Stephen Chris
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: Human mechanics , Human mechanics -- Research -- Moral and ethical aspects , Research -- Moral and ethical aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
  • Identifier: vital:5156 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015402
  • Description: In acknowledging past abuses of humans in research contexts, and recognising the potential for malpractices in Human Movement Studies (HMS), this study evaluated the extent to which ethical issues are addressed in the discipline. The primary method consisted of the standard techniques of philosophic analysis, with empirical data complementing the conclusions. In general, the study contends that insufficient attention is paid to ethical issues in HMS research. In response to a set of specifically constructed, ethically problematic research proposals, only 1.8% of comments from senior researchers advocated rejection of the proposals on ethical grounds. Also, a journal search indicated that consideration of ethical issues in published research may largely be absent. Questionnaire responses revealed that South African HMS departments may be deficient in terms of accountability towards ethical guidelines. Whilst noting the existence of utilitarian ethics in HMS research, it is advocated that deontologic principles should take precedence. Further, only a sound educative effort will produce improvements. In conclusion, this study advocates a deontology-based approach to research ethics. This is consistent with the contention that the use of humans in research is a privilege, and that the rights of participants ought to outweigh the desire of researchers to conduct research.
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  • Date Issued: 1989

Examining of the novel in the senior secondary phase (English first language higher grade): a study of conflicting aims

  • Authors: Macrae, Claire Elisabeth
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: Education, Secondary English Secondary -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Education Secondary -- Evaluation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
  • Identifier: vital:1357 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001423
  • Description: This study deals with the problems of external examining, the inflexible demands of which dominate and dictate to literature teaching in South African schools today. The aims of teaching literature are discussed, and it is suggested that the negative attitudes among pupils resulting from the present examining system defeat many of these aims. The opportunities for the enjoyment of literature are minimised by the process of preparation for external examinations. Creative teaching methods are abandoned in favour of coaching for specific types of questions, which are determined and limited by the practical constraints of a mass external examination. In catering to the demands for admininstrative reliability and efficiency, the educational validity and efficiency of the examinations are sacrificed. In Britain the Newbolt and Bullock Reports, among others, have made forceful recommendations for alternative approaches to external examining. Subsequently, much experimentation with internal examining, course-work and open-book examining has followed, aspects of which are discussed in this study. There has been limited experimentation in these areas in South Africa. The TED conducted a successful internal examining experiment in English literature, the results of which are considered in this thesis. The national English Olympiad open-book examination is a further example of the success of an alternative approach. By contrast, a comparison of examination papers set by the JMB and CED over the last ten years, shows clearly that the stated syllabus aims of teaching literature and the aims of examining the subject were wholly incompatible. Recommendations are made for the adoption of alternative examining strategies in order to address the shortcomings identified
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  • Date Issued: 1989

Exit Hymn

Family planning : an evaluative study on the attitudes and use of contraceptives by black males in Umtata

  • Authors: Madikizela, Nosinodi Alicia
  • Date: 1989
  • Subjects: Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
  • Language: English
  • Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
  • Identifier: vital:3278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006454 , Birth control -- South Africa -- Transkei , Transkei (South Africa) -- Social conditions
  • Description: The purpose of this study is to identify, observe and record the attitudes and use to of contraceptives by black males in Umtata and to investigate the effect of education, urbanisation and age on fertility control. Data was gathered from a sample of adult males who were past the school going age and were employed or working in Umtata and its surburbs, which are Ngangelizwe, Ikwezi, Southernwood, Northcrest, Norwood, Ncambedlana, Nduli Crescent, Fortgale and Hill Crest. Information was also gathered from Nursing officers in charge of family planning service centres in the areas mentioned above. Findings reveal that, although black urbanised educated males in Umtata seem to have accepted the use of contraceptives by themselves and their sexual partners, their patterns of behaviour in relation to fertility control and the value of children to families remains traditional. This contributes to the relatively high fertility rate in the country. Children are an investment for old age. They are also regarded as a security factor against divorce. It is the duty of legally married couples to raise a family with children who will continue to bear the family name. It appears that men are either suspicious of modern contraception if not totally opposed to it. Many still prefer the use of natural methods of contraception. There is thus need for social workers and health planners to recognise and educate males on the use and benefits of modern contraceptives to limit the number of children borne and control periods when they would like to have children. This study will be of value to social welfare services and to family planning nurses who are in direct contact with clients in hospitals and clinics, in their family planning campaigns, when they motivate couples and individuals on the importance of family planning, and also in mother-and-child health services. Educationists, sociologists, psychologists and persons in other fields of study will also benefit from information attained in this survey.
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  • Date Issued: 1989
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