A basic guide to the Reconstruction and Development Programme
- Authors: African National Congress
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Reconstruction and development programme (South Africa) , South Africa -- Economic policy , South Africa -- Social policy , African National Congress
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75927 , vital:30483 , 1874902062
- Description: The RDP is a plan to address the many social and economic problems facing our country — problems such as...violence, lack of housing, lack of jobs, inadequate education and health care, lack of democracy, a failing economy. The RDP recognises that all of these problems are connected. For example, we cannot successfully build the economy while millions do not have homes or jobs. And we cannot provide homes and jobs without rebuilding the economy. We need policies and strategies to address all of the problems together. The RDP aims to do this. The RDP is a programme to mobilise all our people and all our resources to finally get rid of apartheid and build a democratic, non racial and non sexist future. The RDP was drawn up by the ANC-led alliance in consultation with other key mass organisations and assisted by a wide range of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and research organisations. This inclusive approach to developing and implementing policy — involving as many organisations as possible — is unique in South Africa’s political history. The ANC — because it is a liberation movement and based on the traditions of the Freedom Charter — is the only political organisation which can bring together such a wide range of social movements, community-based organisations and numerous other sectors and formations. This widespread and broad-based support throughout South Africa will allow the ANC within a Government of National Unity successfully to implement the RDP.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: African National Congress
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Reconstruction and development programme (South Africa) , South Africa -- Economic policy , South Africa -- Social policy , African National Congress
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75927 , vital:30483 , 1874902062
- Description: The RDP is a plan to address the many social and economic problems facing our country — problems such as...violence, lack of housing, lack of jobs, inadequate education and health care, lack of democracy, a failing economy. The RDP recognises that all of these problems are connected. For example, we cannot successfully build the economy while millions do not have homes or jobs. And we cannot provide homes and jobs without rebuilding the economy. We need policies and strategies to address all of the problems together. The RDP aims to do this. The RDP is a programme to mobilise all our people and all our resources to finally get rid of apartheid and build a democratic, non racial and non sexist future. The RDP was drawn up by the ANC-led alliance in consultation with other key mass organisations and assisted by a wide range of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) and research organisations. This inclusive approach to developing and implementing policy — involving as many organisations as possible — is unique in South Africa’s political history. The ANC — because it is a liberation movement and based on the traditions of the Freedom Charter — is the only political organisation which can bring together such a wide range of social movements, community-based organisations and numerous other sectors and formations. This widespread and broad-based support throughout South Africa will allow the ANC within a Government of National Unity successfully to implement the RDP.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
A comparison of the ichthyofaunas in two permanently open eastern Cape estuaries
- Whitfield, Alan K, Paterson, Angus W, Bok, Anton H, Kok, H M
- Authors: Whitfield, Alan K , Paterson, Angus W , Bok, Anton H , Kok, H M
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447364 , vital:74618 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/az/article/view/154297
- Description: The Kowie and Great Fish estuaries are situated less than 30 km apart, yet they differ considerably in terms of riverine inflow, turbidity, food resources and habitat availability. The ichthyofauna of the two estuaries were sampled using plankton, seine and gill nets. A greater ichthyofaunal richness (R) was recorded in the Kowie estuary and this is attributed to the wider range of habitats and greater degree of marine influence in this system. In contrast, all three sampling gears revealed an approximate 3:1 ratio between fish abundance in the Great Fish and Kowie estuaries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Whitfield, Alan K , Paterson, Angus W , Bok, Anton H , Kok, H M
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447364 , vital:74618 , https://www.ajol.info/index.php/az/article/view/154297
- Description: The Kowie and Great Fish estuaries are situated less than 30 km apart, yet they differ considerably in terms of riverine inflow, turbidity, food resources and habitat availability. The ichthyofauna of the two estuaries were sampled using plankton, seine and gill nets. A greater ichthyofaunal richness (R) was recorded in the Kowie estuary and this is attributed to the wider range of habitats and greater degree of marine influence in this system. In contrast, all three sampling gears revealed an approximate 3:1 ratio between fish abundance in the Great Fish and Kowie estuaries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
A development stratergy for the fishing industry
- Authors: Fishing Industry
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Fishing Industry
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/250485 , vital:52003
- Description: For too long workers and the small fishing communities have been trampled under foot. As a result massive disparities have arisen in the fishing industry. The small fishing communities barely exist. And workers employed by the big fishing companies are still treated as an extra tool. Now is the time to change all this. Our members don't want the crumbs off the table. No, they want to be given the opportunity to participate fully in the economy and in particular in the development of the fishing industry. The industry is, however, still trapped in the past. As a result it cannot make use of the many opportunities we believe there are for it to expand and grow. Before I examine these opportunities perhaps it is wise to set out briefly the principles on which we see the industry established.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Fishing Industry
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Fishing Industry
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/250485 , vital:52003
- Description: For too long workers and the small fishing communities have been trampled under foot. As a result massive disparities have arisen in the fishing industry. The small fishing communities barely exist. And workers employed by the big fishing companies are still treated as an extra tool. Now is the time to change all this. Our members don't want the crumbs off the table. No, they want to be given the opportunity to participate fully in the economy and in particular in the development of the fishing industry. The industry is, however, still trapped in the past. As a result it cannot make use of the many opportunities we believe there are for it to expand and grow. Before I examine these opportunities perhaps it is wise to set out briefly the principles on which we see the industry established.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Anton Muziwakhe Lembede
- Ka Msumza, Luyanda, Edgar, Robert
- Authors: Ka Msumza, Luyanda , Edgar, Robert
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Lembede, Anton Muziwakhe, 1914-1947 African National Congress -- Youth League Africans -- Government relations South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1909-1948
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2702 , vital:20318
- Description: This essay is an introduction to Freedom in Our Lifetime: The Collected Writings of Anton M. Lembede to be published by Skotaville Press in 1995. On Easter Sunday 1944 a group of young political activists gathered at the Bantu Men's Social Centre in Orlando township to launch the African National Congress Youth League. Motivated by their desire to shake up the "Old Guard" in the African National Congress (ANC) and set the ANC on a militant course, this "Class of '44“ became the nucleus of a remarkable generation of African leaders - Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Jordan Ngubane, Ellen Kuzwayo, Albertina Sisulu, A.P. Mda, Dan Tloome, and David Bopape - many of whom remained at the forefront of the struggle for freedom and equality in South Africa for the next half century. However, in 1944, the figure the Youth Leaguers turned to for their first president is not even listed in this group. He was a Natal-born lawyer, Anton Muziwakhe Lembede. Known to his friends as "Lembs," Lembede was a political neophyte when he moved from the Orange Free State to Johannesburg in 1943 to practice law. However his sharp intellect, fiery personality, and unwavering commitment to the struggle made an immediate impression on his peers, and he was quickly catapulted into prominence in both the Youth League and the parent ANC. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Ka Msumza, Luyanda , Edgar, Robert
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Lembede, Anton Muziwakhe, 1914-1947 African National Congress -- Youth League Africans -- Government relations South Africa -- Politics and government -- 1909-1948
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2702 , vital:20318
- Description: This essay is an introduction to Freedom in Our Lifetime: The Collected Writings of Anton M. Lembede to be published by Skotaville Press in 1995. On Easter Sunday 1944 a group of young political activists gathered at the Bantu Men's Social Centre in Orlando township to launch the African National Congress Youth League. Motivated by their desire to shake up the "Old Guard" in the African National Congress (ANC) and set the ANC on a militant course, this "Class of '44“ became the nucleus of a remarkable generation of African leaders - Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu, Jordan Ngubane, Ellen Kuzwayo, Albertina Sisulu, A.P. Mda, Dan Tloome, and David Bopape - many of whom remained at the forefront of the struggle for freedom and equality in South Africa for the next half century. However, in 1944, the figure the Youth Leaguers turned to for their first president is not even listed in this group. He was a Natal-born lawyer, Anton Muziwakhe Lembede. Known to his friends as "Lembs," Lembede was a political neophyte when he moved from the Orange Free State to Johannesburg in 1943 to practice law. However his sharp intellect, fiery personality, and unwavering commitment to the struggle made an immediate impression on his peers, and he was quickly catapulted into prominence in both the Youth League and the parent ANC. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Centralised bargaining - Where to CWIU
- Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Authors: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170148 , vital:41862
- Description: Since the late 1980's, there has been a serious realisation on the part of Cosatu and CWIU leadership, of the need for Centralised Bargaining. Two broad areas of concern which pressurised us in this direction were: 1) The low level of class consciousness on the part of the majority of members during this period especially with regard to the complete lack of solidarity around wage struggles. 2) The organisational incapacity of the unions to cope with the excessive demands of plant based bargaining. This wasted resources and undermined the quality of work and achievement of annual wage bargaining. Faced by this reality, achieving consensus on the need for a campaign to achieve centralised bargaining at leadership level was relatively easy. Unions in other sectors eg. metal, mining, clothing, textile and the public sector, regularly set examples of what could be achieved by well run centralised bargaining. Numsa's experience illustrated the strengths and pitfalls of centralised bargaining - ie. Numsa's mandating and report back processes, the Mercedes Benz strike by opponents to the "one bite at the cherry".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Chemical Workers Industrial Union (CWIU)
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: CWIU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/170148 , vital:41862
- Description: Since the late 1980's, there has been a serious realisation on the part of Cosatu and CWIU leadership, of the need for Centralised Bargaining. Two broad areas of concern which pressurised us in this direction were: 1) The low level of class consciousness on the part of the majority of members during this period especially with regard to the complete lack of solidarity around wage struggles. 2) The organisational incapacity of the unions to cope with the excessive demands of plant based bargaining. This wasted resources and undermined the quality of work and achievement of annual wage bargaining. Faced by this reality, achieving consensus on the need for a campaign to achieve centralised bargaining at leadership level was relatively easy. Unions in other sectors eg. metal, mining, clothing, textile and the public sector, regularly set examples of what could be achieved by well run centralised bargaining. Numsa's experience illustrated the strengths and pitfalls of centralised bargaining - ie. Numsa's mandating and report back processes, the Mercedes Benz strike by opponents to the "one bite at the cherry".
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Conditions of service of SAMWU staff
- SAMWU
- Authors: SAMWU
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: SAMWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178916 , vital:43019
- Description: This document is as adopted by the SAMWU NEC in November 1994. It serves to define the wages and conditions of employment applicable to all SAMWU staff and is the only conditions of employment document of the union. Employees who were staff of a pre-existing trade union which merged with SAMWU who have conditions which were previously declared personal to holder ( in terms of merger agreements ) are required to examine this document and to individually register where they, consider that their terms differ from this document. No improved condition hereby introduced can be taken to apply to such employees as a matter of right . They have a choice of registering specific conditions as ” personal to holder " or converting to the full set of conditions as contained herein. Where they register a condition as personal to holder the NEC will decide whether new conditions hereby introduced are also applicable to them. It is further recorded that whilst these conditions of service are open to be ammended from time to time ; as-the NEC may decide , any representations for amendments shall normally only be considered during the later part*of-each year.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: SAMWU
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: SAMWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178916 , vital:43019
- Description: This document is as adopted by the SAMWU NEC in November 1994. It serves to define the wages and conditions of employment applicable to all SAMWU staff and is the only conditions of employment document of the union. Employees who were staff of a pre-existing trade union which merged with SAMWU who have conditions which were previously declared personal to holder ( in terms of merger agreements ) are required to examine this document and to individually register where they, consider that their terms differ from this document. No improved condition hereby introduced can be taken to apply to such employees as a matter of right . They have a choice of registering specific conditions as ” personal to holder " or converting to the full set of conditions as contained herein. Where they register a condition as personal to holder the NEC will decide whether new conditions hereby introduced are also applicable to them. It is further recorded that whilst these conditions of service are open to be ammended from time to time ; as-the NEC may decide , any representations for amendments shall normally only be considered during the later part*of-each year.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Cyclic voltammetry and photooxidation of molybdenum (V) phthalocyanine
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295475 , vital:57344 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)86594-8"
- Description: Cyclic voltammetry of OMoV(OH)Pc in chloronaphthalene shows two quasi-reversible oxidation couples at 0.38 and 1.22 V and three quasi-reversible reduction couples at −0.74, −1.15 and −1.85 V vs S.C.E. Bulk electrolysis of OMoV(OH)Pc (Pc2 = phthalocyanine dianion) shows that the first oxidation couple is due to the oxidation of the central MoV metal to MoVI and the first reduction couple due to reduction to OMoIVPc. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry in DMSO also showed redox activity at the metal. Further reductions or oxidations in OMoVPc complexes occur at the phthalocyanine ring. OMoV(OH)Pc is readily photooxidized at the metal in the presence dichloromethane or dichlorobenzene, with the formation of OMoVIPc species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295475 , vital:57344 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)86594-8"
- Description: Cyclic voltammetry of OMoV(OH)Pc in chloronaphthalene shows two quasi-reversible oxidation couples at 0.38 and 1.22 V and three quasi-reversible reduction couples at −0.74, −1.15 and −1.85 V vs S.C.E. Bulk electrolysis of OMoV(OH)Pc (Pc2 = phthalocyanine dianion) shows that the first oxidation couple is due to the oxidation of the central MoV metal to MoVI and the first reduction couple due to reduction to OMoIVPc. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry in DMSO also showed redox activity at the metal. Further reductions or oxidations in OMoVPc complexes occur at the phthalocyanine ring. OMoV(OH)Pc is readily photooxidized at the metal in the presence dichloromethane or dichlorobenzene, with the formation of OMoVIPc species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry of rhodium phthalocyanines
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295486 , vital:57346 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9940001359"
- Description: The electrochemistry of RhIII(pc)(pc = phthalocyanine dianion) complexes containing chloride, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and cyanide as axial ligands was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and UV/VIS spectroelectrochemistry. The compounds were K[Rh(pc)(CN)2], [Rh(pc)(Cl)(py)] and [Rh(pc)Cl(dmso)]. For all of these the first oxidation occurs at the phthalocyanine ligand with the formation of a π-cation radical species. The addition of one electron to the complexes leads to one of two different reduction products depending on the nature of the axial ligands. The first reduction of [Rh(pc)Cl(py)] and [Rh(pc)Cl(dmso)] occurs at the metal, followed by rapid dimerization of the reduced species. The first and subsequent reductions of K[Rh(pc)(CN)2] occur at the ring.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295486 , vital:57346 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9940001359"
- Description: The electrochemistry of RhIII(pc)(pc = phthalocyanine dianion) complexes containing chloride, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and cyanide as axial ligands was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and UV/VIS spectroelectrochemistry. The compounds were K[Rh(pc)(CN)2], [Rh(pc)(Cl)(py)] and [Rh(pc)Cl(dmso)]. For all of these the first oxidation occurs at the phthalocyanine ligand with the formation of a π-cation radical species. The addition of one electron to the complexes leads to one of two different reduction products depending on the nature of the axial ligands. The first reduction of [Rh(pc)Cl(py)] and [Rh(pc)Cl(dmso)] occurs at the metal, followed by rapid dimerization of the reduced species. The first and subsequent reductions of K[Rh(pc)(CN)2] occur at the ring.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Editorial
- Janse van Rensburg, Eureta, Irwin, Patrick R
- Authors: Janse van Rensburg, Eureta , Irwin, Patrick R
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/438694 , vital:73491 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137493"
- Description: In 1993 environmental education was looking forward to the first democratic election in South Africa - now it is in the midst of 'reconstructionand-development'. For many local environmental educators, this means a contrihution, in one way or another, to the new national curriculum. But the challenges of 1993 continue: processes of participative curriculum development are forcing us to clarify different orientations to environmental education in our efforts to shape a curriculum based on the best of our various visions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Janse van Rensburg, Eureta , Irwin, Patrick R
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/438694 , vital:73491 , xlink:href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/sajee/article/view/137493"
- Description: In 1993 environmental education was looking forward to the first democratic election in South Africa - now it is in the midst of 'reconstructionand-development'. For many local environmental educators, this means a contrihution, in one way or another, to the new national curriculum. But the challenges of 1993 continue: processes of participative curriculum development are forcing us to clarify different orientations to environmental education in our efforts to shape a curriculum based on the best of our various visions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Farmers' strategies and their implications for land reform in the Orange Free State
- Authors: Beinart, William
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Agriculture -- Orange Free State Land reform -- South Africa -- Orange Free State Land tenure -- Orange Free State
- Language: English
- Type: text , Manuscript
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2813 , vital:20328
- Description: It is possible to conjure a wide variety of future agricultural scenarios in South Africa. But new policies should be developed only with close attention to what exists and what is feasible. Analysis of the potential for land reform should remain sensitive to local ecological and economic conditions and to the current strategies of both farmers and dispossessed. Rural life for many people remains insecure. Farmworkers are particularly vulnerable at present and might become more so in a phase of rapid reform and uncertainty. Although the most carefully planned strategy of reform might be undermined by the sheer demand for land or informal reoccupations, the aims of restitution, justice and redistribution should be tempered by the equally difficult demands of production. Drawing on material from a local research project in the Orange Free State (OFS), done jointly with Colin Murray, this article concentrates on three issues: patterns of land ownership; farming strategies; and land availability. The position of farmworkers and those who have recently moved off farms, as well as the potential for new patterns of occupation will be addressed in subsequent project papers (Murray, 1993). , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Beinart, William
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Agriculture -- Orange Free State Land reform -- South Africa -- Orange Free State Land tenure -- Orange Free State
- Language: English
- Type: text , Manuscript
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2813 , vital:20328
- Description: It is possible to conjure a wide variety of future agricultural scenarios in South Africa. But new policies should be developed only with close attention to what exists and what is feasible. Analysis of the potential for land reform should remain sensitive to local ecological and economic conditions and to the current strategies of both farmers and dispossessed. Rural life for many people remains insecure. Farmworkers are particularly vulnerable at present and might become more so in a phase of rapid reform and uncertainty. Although the most carefully planned strategy of reform might be undermined by the sheer demand for land or informal reoccupations, the aims of restitution, justice and redistribution should be tempered by the equally difficult demands of production. Drawing on material from a local research project in the Orange Free State (OFS), done jointly with Colin Murray, this article concentrates on three issues: patterns of land ownership; farming strategies; and land availability. The position of farmworkers and those who have recently moved off farms, as well as the potential for new patterns of occupation will be addressed in subsequent project papers (Murray, 1993). , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Host specificity tests on leaf-feeding insects aberrations from the use of excised leaves
- Olckers, T, Hulley, Patrick E
- Authors: Olckers, T , Hulley, Patrick E
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452340 , vital:75121 , https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10213589_137
- Description: Starvation tests, in which herbivorous insects are confined to plants under cage conditions, are integral to determining the host range and suitability of candidate agents for weed biocontrol (Cullen 1990). The acceptance or rejection of test plants under these artificial conditions can, however, be influenced by the quality of the plants presented (Shepherd 1990); starvation tests on leaf-feeding insects are often carried out with bouquets or excised leaves as opposed to whole plants. This study presents the results of two independent experiments that illustrate potential problems associated with the use of excised leaves during host specificity tests.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Olckers, T , Hulley, Patrick E
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452340 , vital:75121 , https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10213589_137
- Description: Starvation tests, in which herbivorous insects are confined to plants under cage conditions, are integral to determining the host range and suitability of candidate agents for weed biocontrol (Cullen 1990). The acceptance or rejection of test plants under these artificial conditions can, however, be influenced by the quality of the plants presented (Shepherd 1990); starvation tests on leaf-feeding insects are often carried out with bouquets or excised leaves as opposed to whole plants. This study presents the results of two independent experiments that illustrate potential problems associated with the use of excised leaves during host specificity tests.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
In vitro release of propranolol hydrochloride from topical vehicles
- Smith, Eric W, Haigh, John M
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6435 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006612
- Description: Transdermal drug delivery is becoming increasingly important and for this reason it is clear that academia must ensure that current graduates are knowledgeable in all facets of topical drug administration. An in vitro diffusion cell experiment was designed to demonstrate the rate of release of propranolol hydrochloride (PHC) from three different topical vehicles: (i) an oil-in-water cream; (ii) a gel; and (iii) anointment. This experiment was performed by final-year students enroled in an undergraduate course on percutaneous absorption. In vitro release of PHC from the three bases to an aqueous receptor phase through silicone membrane was monitored spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 290 nm. By monitoring and attempting to explain the numerous possible reasons for the different rates of drug release from the three vehicles, it was hoped that the students would gain a better understanding of the complexities of transdermal drug administration. Overall, the experiment would appear to be a good model for student investigation into factors affecting the release of drugs from topical formulations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6435 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006612
- Description: Transdermal drug delivery is becoming increasingly important and for this reason it is clear that academia must ensure that current graduates are knowledgeable in all facets of topical drug administration. An in vitro diffusion cell experiment was designed to demonstrate the rate of release of propranolol hydrochloride (PHC) from three different topical vehicles: (i) an oil-in-water cream; (ii) a gel; and (iii) anointment. This experiment was performed by final-year students enroled in an undergraduate course on percutaneous absorption. In vitro release of PHC from the three bases to an aqueous receptor phase through silicone membrane was monitored spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 290 nm. By monitoring and attempting to explain the numerous possible reasons for the different rates of drug release from the three vehicles, it was hoped that the students would gain a better understanding of the complexities of transdermal drug administration. Overall, the experiment would appear to be a good model for student investigation into factors affecting the release of drugs from topical formulations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Local government and coloured residential segregation in Port Elizabeth, 1964-1976
- Authors: Taylor, Beverley J
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7108 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1994.9713566 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010736
- Description: preprint , Studies of racial territorial segregation affecting the coloured population in Port Elizabeth tend to perceive it as an outcome of a power struggle between central and local government over the implementation of apartheid legislation. This paper explores the underlying economic forces on the local government to bring about residential segregation and address the coloured housing crisis in the city. It is proposed that whereas central government motives for segregation were primarily political, local government was influenced largely by economic considerations. Local government objectives were severely compromised through both local industrial interests and the implementation of central government Group Areas policies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Taylor, Beverley J
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: vital:7108 , https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1994.9713566 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010736
- Description: preprint , Studies of racial territorial segregation affecting the coloured population in Port Elizabeth tend to perceive it as an outcome of a power struggle between central and local government over the implementation of apartheid legislation. This paper explores the underlying economic forces on the local government to bring about residential segregation and address the coloured housing crisis in the city. It is proposed that whereas central government motives for segregation were primarily political, local government was influenced largely by economic considerations. Local government objectives were severely compromised through both local industrial interests and the implementation of central government Group Areas policies.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
National Labour and Economic Development Institute Annual report
- NALEDI
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/151179 , vital:39036
- Description: The National Labour & Economic Development Institute (NALEDI) opened its doors in October 1993 and began its research programme at the beginning of 1994. NALEDI is an initiative of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu). Its aim is to conduct policy-relevant research of interest to the labour movement. The origins of the institute date back to Cosatu's 1991 national congress which recognised the need to improve the research capacity of the federation. A feasibility study was conducted. This attempted to define the research needs of the federation and its affiliates. It also examined the experience of other union- linked institutes such as FAFO in Norway and DESEP in Brazil, and explored Cosatu's experience with service organisations and associated research groups. In early 1993 Cosatu's central executive committee endorsed the establishment of a labour research institute and raised funds (primarily from the Dutch union movement the FNV) to commence operations. Jeremy Baskin was appointed to get the institute functioning and a board was appointed to assist.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/151179 , vital:39036
- Description: The National Labour & Economic Development Institute (NALEDI) opened its doors in October 1993 and began its research programme at the beginning of 1994. NALEDI is an initiative of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu). Its aim is to conduct policy-relevant research of interest to the labour movement. The origins of the institute date back to Cosatu's 1991 national congress which recognised the need to improve the research capacity of the federation. A feasibility study was conducted. This attempted to define the research needs of the federation and its affiliates. It also examined the experience of other union- linked institutes such as FAFO in Norway and DESEP in Brazil, and explored Cosatu's experience with service organisations and associated research groups. In early 1993 Cosatu's central executive committee endorsed the establishment of a labour research institute and raised funds (primarily from the Dutch union movement the FNV) to commence operations. Jeremy Baskin was appointed to get the institute functioning and a board was appointed to assist.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
NUMSA - Gender and Globalisation group discussion
- NUMSA
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117816 , vital:34561
- Description: In the past, the government in many countries provided social welfare benefits to people. These benefits included things like public health care and free education. This is now changing in many countries. Governments today provide fewer services and benefits to people. Instead they hand this job over the private sector. This means that people have to start paying before they get a service. If families can’t afford to pay private companies for these services, then someone in the family has to fill the gap. Generally it is women who have to: care for the sick when it is too expensive to take them to hospital, collect firewood because electricity is too expensive, walk miles to collect water from the river because piped water is too expensive. Many governments have been forced to change the role they play in the economy by the structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) imposes on them as one of the conditions for lending them money
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: NUMSA
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: NUMSA
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/117816 , vital:34561
- Description: In the past, the government in many countries provided social welfare benefits to people. These benefits included things like public health care and free education. This is now changing in many countries. Governments today provide fewer services and benefits to people. Instead they hand this job over the private sector. This means that people have to start paying before they get a service. If families can’t afford to pay private companies for these services, then someone in the family has to fill the gap. Generally it is women who have to: care for the sick when it is too expensive to take them to hospital, collect firewood because electricity is too expensive, walk miles to collect water from the river because piped water is too expensive. Many governments have been forced to change the role they play in the economy by the structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) imposes on them as one of the conditions for lending them money
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Photoassisted electron transfer between sulfur dioxide and tin (IV) phthalocyanines
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295520 , vital:57349 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C39940001983"
- Description: Photolysis of tin(IV) phthalocyanine complexes in the presence of sulfur dioxide shows a first-order kinetic dependence on sulfur dioxide, and a one-electron reduction of SnPc to an anion radical species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/295520 , vital:57349 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C39940001983"
- Description: Photolysis of tin(IV) phthalocyanine complexes in the presence of sulfur dioxide shows a first-order kinetic dependence on sulfur dioxide, and a one-electron reduction of SnPc to an anion radical species.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Photoreduction of tin (IV) phthalocyanines
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293413 , vital:57083 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83491-9"
- Description: Photolysis of Sn(IV)Pc(OH)2 (Pc = phthalocyanine dianion) and Sn(IV)Pc(Cl)2 using a tungsten lamp, and in the presence of SnCl2·2H2O as an electron donor results in the reduction of these complexes of π anion radical species. The reduction shows second order dependence on the concentration of the Sn(IV)Pc complexes and a first order dependence on SnCl2·H2O.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293413 , vital:57083 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83491-9"
- Description: Photolysis of Sn(IV)Pc(OH)2 (Pc = phthalocyanine dianion) and Sn(IV)Pc(Cl)2 using a tungsten lamp, and in the presence of SnCl2·2H2O as an electron donor results in the reduction of these complexes of π anion radical species. The reduction shows second order dependence on the concentration of the Sn(IV)Pc complexes and a first order dependence on SnCl2·H2O.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Potential pollinators of the Cape Group of Crotalarieae (sensu Polhill)(Fabales: Papilionaceae), with implications for seed production in cultivated rooibos tea
- Gess, Sarah K, Gess, Friedrich W
- Authors: Gess, Sarah K , Gess, Friedrich W
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452372 , vital:75123 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10213589_414
- Description: This study characterizes the assemblages of Hymenoptera that visit flowers of the genera Aspalathus Linnaeus, Lebeckia Thunberg, Wiborgia Thunberg and Rafnia Thunberg, the Cape Group of Crotalarieae (sensu Polhill1981) (Papilionaceae) , and evaluates the potential of their members as pollinators. All the assemblages from the western and eastern Cape are characterized by the presence of Megachilinae (Megachilidae) and Xylocopinae and/or Anthophorinae (Anthophoridae), and those from the west (excluding Rafnia) by the presence of Masarinae (Vespidae). Although not restricted to Polhill's Cape Group, the Megachilinae and Xylocopinae are potential pollinators. Two species of Masarina Richards (Masarinae) are apparently restricted to Aspalathus, Lebeckia and Wiborgia, and are potential pollinators of the smaller-flowered species of these genera. Two species of Ceramius Latreille (Masarinae) are apparently restricted to Aspalathus and are potential pollinators and, within their distribution ranges, the most dependable visitors of this genus. Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Apidae) and Eumeninae (Vespidae) visit all four genera but are probably of little importance as pollinators. Apis mellifera is certainly able to obtain nectar from the smaller-flowered species without tripping the flowers. The implications of these findings for seed production in the rooibos tea industry are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Gess, Sarah K , Gess, Friedrich W
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/452372 , vital:75123 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10213589_414
- Description: This study characterizes the assemblages of Hymenoptera that visit flowers of the genera Aspalathus Linnaeus, Lebeckia Thunberg, Wiborgia Thunberg and Rafnia Thunberg, the Cape Group of Crotalarieae (sensu Polhill1981) (Papilionaceae) , and evaluates the potential of their members as pollinators. All the assemblages from the western and eastern Cape are characterized by the presence of Megachilinae (Megachilidae) and Xylocopinae and/or Anthophorinae (Anthophoridae), and those from the west (excluding Rafnia) by the presence of Masarinae (Vespidae). Although not restricted to Polhill's Cape Group, the Megachilinae and Xylocopinae are potential pollinators. Two species of Masarina Richards (Masarinae) are apparently restricted to Aspalathus, Lebeckia and Wiborgia, and are potential pollinators of the smaller-flowered species of these genera. Two species of Ceramius Latreille (Masarinae) are apparently restricted to Aspalathus and are potential pollinators and, within their distribution ranges, the most dependable visitors of this genus. Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Apidae) and Eumeninae (Vespidae) visit all four genera but are probably of little importance as pollinators. Apis mellifera is certainly able to obtain nectar from the smaller-flowered species without tripping the flowers. The implications of these findings for seed production in the rooibos tea industry are discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Promotion of the Etendeka Formation to Group status: a new integrated stratigraphy
- Milner, Simon C, Duncan, Andrew R, Ewart, A, Marsh, Julian S
- Authors: Milner, Simon C , Duncan, Andrew R , Ewart, A , Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145482 , vital:38442
- Description: The Etendeka volcanic rocks of northwestem Namibia are currently defined as the upper part of the Karoo Sequence in Namibia and have thus been represented as stratigraphically equivalent to the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Sequence in South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. However, the Etendeka volcanic rocks (130-135 Ma) are considerably younger than those of the Karoo Sequence (180-190 Ma) in the areas mentioned above. They are compositionally distinct from Karoo volcanic rocks, and constitute an eastern portion of the Parana Igneous Province of Brazil. Stratigraphic studies have shown the Etendeka Formation to be made up of several definable volcanic successions and it is suggested that these successions now be formally recognized as Formations within an Etendeka Group which itself should no longer be part of the Karoo Sequence. Prominent quartz latite units and sequences of basalt flows are defined as Members within the new Formations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Milner, Simon C , Duncan, Andrew R , Ewart, A , Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1994
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145482 , vital:38442
- Description: The Etendeka volcanic rocks of northwestem Namibia are currently defined as the upper part of the Karoo Sequence in Namibia and have thus been represented as stratigraphically equivalent to the volcanic rocks of the Karoo Sequence in South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. However, the Etendeka volcanic rocks (130-135 Ma) are considerably younger than those of the Karoo Sequence (180-190 Ma) in the areas mentioned above. They are compositionally distinct from Karoo volcanic rocks, and constitute an eastern portion of the Parana Igneous Province of Brazil. Stratigraphic studies have shown the Etendeka Formation to be made up of several definable volcanic successions and it is suggested that these successions now be formally recognized as Formations within an Etendeka Group which itself should no longer be part of the Karoo Sequence. Prominent quartz latite units and sequences of basalt flows are defined as Members within the new Formations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
Raymond Mhlaba, the Premier of the Eastern Cape
- Authors: Orie, Tembeka
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Mhlaba, Raymond, 1920- African National Congress -- History African National Congress -- Youth League Africans -- Government relations Banning of persons -- South Africa Government, Resistance to -- South Africa Labor unions -- South Africa Mhlaba family New Brighton (Port Elizabeth, South Africa) -- History Political prisoners -- South Africa Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2769 , vital:20324
- Description: Raymond Mpakamisi Mhlaba remains a mystery to tire public. Little is known about his, background and bow he has earned his premiership. The public is presently perplexed by his leadership qualities; his inaccessibility and his co-ordinating abilities to provide direction and leadership in the Eastern Cape province. What his vision is on implementing die reconstruction and development program, seems to be one of die anxieties experienced by the public presently. This paper endeavours to illuminate Mhlaba's past in order to explain and clarify who he is. This would help to see if there are any discrepancies between his past and the present, and what die challenges are to Mhlaba and to the public. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994
- Authors: Orie, Tembeka
- Date: 1994
- Subjects: Mhlaba, Raymond, 1920- African National Congress -- History African National Congress -- Youth League Africans -- Government relations Banning of persons -- South Africa Government, Resistance to -- South Africa Labor unions -- South Africa Mhlaba family New Brighton (Port Elizabeth, South Africa) -- History Political prisoners -- South Africa Port Elizabeth (South Africa) -- History
- Language: English
- Type: Manuscript , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/2769 , vital:20324
- Description: Raymond Mpakamisi Mhlaba remains a mystery to tire public. Little is known about his, background and bow he has earned his premiership. The public is presently perplexed by his leadership qualities; his inaccessibility and his co-ordinating abilities to provide direction and leadership in the Eastern Cape province. What his vision is on implementing die reconstruction and development program, seems to be one of die anxieties experienced by the public presently. This paper endeavours to illuminate Mhlaba's past in order to explain and clarify who he is. This would help to see if there are any discrepancies between his past and the present, and what die challenges are to Mhlaba and to the public. , Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1994