A comparison of the aquaculture potential of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) and its hybrid with Heterobranchus longifilis valenciennes, 1840 in Southern Africa
- Authors: Oellermann, Lawrence Keith
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Aquaculture -- South Africa Clarias Clariidae Catfishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5246 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005089
- Description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the aquaculture potential of a hybrid between the two largest African silurid catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis (HL) and Clarias gariepinus (CG) . A morphometric, meristic and karyological study showed that the hybrid shared some of the physical characteristics of both C. gariepinus and H. longifilis, while its chromosome complement and fundamental number (2N = 54, FN = 95), was intermediate between that of H. longifilis (2N = 52, FN = 92) and C. gariepinus (2N = 56, FN = 97). The HLxCG cross could therefore be regarded as a true hybrid. For the characters tested, no morphological or karyological differences were apparent between the HLxCG hybrids produced in West Africa and those produced in southern Africa. In southern Africa, the HL♂xCG♀ cross had higher fertilization and hatching rates than pure strain H. longifilis, C. gariepinus or the reverse cross. There was no difference in the survival of the HL♂xCG♀ hybrid larvae and C. gariepinus larvae up to the onset of exogenous feeding. Pure strain H. longifilis juveniles had a faster growth rate than the H. longifilis ♂ x C. gariepinus ♀ juveniles, but the hybrid always grew at a faster rate than C. gariepinus or the reverse cross. The HL♂xCG♀ cross was consequently chosen as the hybrid with the greatest potential for siluroid aquaculture in southern Africa. The HL♂xCG♀ hybrid showed evidence of partial gonadic, gametic and post-zygotic sterility in both sexes. The hybrid was not completely sterile, as it was artificially induced to spawn, and a small number of viable F₂ hybrid and F₁ hybrid x C. gariepinus larvae were produced. However, in the light of its probable reproductive strategy, it is highly unlikely that the hybrid would pose an ecological risk to the southern African region. The H. longifilis ♂ x C. gariepinus ♀ hybrid was compared to C. gariepinus for selected water quality preferences and tolerances. The hybrid had a wider temperature preference (28 °C to 34 °C) than C. gariepinus (28 °C to 30 °C), but appeared to be more dependent on aerial respiration than C. gariepinus. The air-breathing frequency of hybrid fish began to increase at dissolved oxygen concentrations below 3 .8 mg.ℓ⁻¹, while C. gariepinus only showed an increase in air-breathing frequency at concentrations below 3.0 mg.ℓ¹. The hybrid was more tolerant of un-ionised ammonia (96-hour LC₅₀ = 9.1 mg.ℓ⁻¹) than C. gariepinus (96-hour LC₅₀ = 6.5 mg.ℓ⁻¹), but their 96-hour LC₅₀ salinity tolerances were similar (10.8-11.0 g.ℓ⁻¹). The H. longifilis ♂ x C. gariepinus ♀ hybrid had a higher fillet yield (43.9 %) than C. gariepinus (38.9 %), but the crude protein content and amino acid profile of the two groups were similar. Catfish are traditionally grown in earthen ponds under semi-intensive conditions in southern Africa, at around 4 kg of fish per cubic meter of water (kg.m⁻³). However, the hybrid could tolerate densities of up to 415 kg of fish per cubic metre of water, if the water was exchanged hourly (kg.m⁻³.hr⁻¹), and the density at which yield was optimised was rounded off to 400 kg.m³.hr⁻¹. The high threshold density and water quality tolerances of the H. longifilis ♂ x C. gariepinus ♀ hybrid indicates that it is ideally suited for highly intensive aquaculture. It was concluded that it would be more productive to farm the HL♂xCG♀ hybrid on an intensive basis in southern Africa, than it would be to farm C. gariepinus in the traditional manner.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Oellermann, Lawrence Keith
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Aquaculture -- South Africa Clarias Clariidae Catfishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:5246 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005089
- Description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the aquaculture potential of a hybrid between the two largest African silurid catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis (HL) and Clarias gariepinus (CG) . A morphometric, meristic and karyological study showed that the hybrid shared some of the physical characteristics of both C. gariepinus and H. longifilis, while its chromosome complement and fundamental number (2N = 54, FN = 95), was intermediate between that of H. longifilis (2N = 52, FN = 92) and C. gariepinus (2N = 56, FN = 97). The HLxCG cross could therefore be regarded as a true hybrid. For the characters tested, no morphological or karyological differences were apparent between the HLxCG hybrids produced in West Africa and those produced in southern Africa. In southern Africa, the HL♂xCG♀ cross had higher fertilization and hatching rates than pure strain H. longifilis, C. gariepinus or the reverse cross. There was no difference in the survival of the HL♂xCG♀ hybrid larvae and C. gariepinus larvae up to the onset of exogenous feeding. Pure strain H. longifilis juveniles had a faster growth rate than the H. longifilis ♂ x C. gariepinus ♀ juveniles, but the hybrid always grew at a faster rate than C. gariepinus or the reverse cross. The HL♂xCG♀ cross was consequently chosen as the hybrid with the greatest potential for siluroid aquaculture in southern Africa. The HL♂xCG♀ hybrid showed evidence of partial gonadic, gametic and post-zygotic sterility in both sexes. The hybrid was not completely sterile, as it was artificially induced to spawn, and a small number of viable F₂ hybrid and F₁ hybrid x C. gariepinus larvae were produced. However, in the light of its probable reproductive strategy, it is highly unlikely that the hybrid would pose an ecological risk to the southern African region. The H. longifilis ♂ x C. gariepinus ♀ hybrid was compared to C. gariepinus for selected water quality preferences and tolerances. The hybrid had a wider temperature preference (28 °C to 34 °C) than C. gariepinus (28 °C to 30 °C), but appeared to be more dependent on aerial respiration than C. gariepinus. The air-breathing frequency of hybrid fish began to increase at dissolved oxygen concentrations below 3 .8 mg.ℓ⁻¹, while C. gariepinus only showed an increase in air-breathing frequency at concentrations below 3.0 mg.ℓ¹. The hybrid was more tolerant of un-ionised ammonia (96-hour LC₅₀ = 9.1 mg.ℓ⁻¹) than C. gariepinus (96-hour LC₅₀ = 6.5 mg.ℓ⁻¹), but their 96-hour LC₅₀ salinity tolerances were similar (10.8-11.0 g.ℓ⁻¹). The H. longifilis ♂ x C. gariepinus ♀ hybrid had a higher fillet yield (43.9 %) than C. gariepinus (38.9 %), but the crude protein content and amino acid profile of the two groups were similar. Catfish are traditionally grown in earthen ponds under semi-intensive conditions in southern Africa, at around 4 kg of fish per cubic meter of water (kg.m⁻³). However, the hybrid could tolerate densities of up to 415 kg of fish per cubic metre of water, if the water was exchanged hourly (kg.m⁻³.hr⁻¹), and the density at which yield was optimised was rounded off to 400 kg.m³.hr⁻¹. The high threshold density and water quality tolerances of the H. longifilis ♂ x C. gariepinus ♀ hybrid indicates that it is ideally suited for highly intensive aquaculture. It was concluded that it would be more productive to farm the HL♂xCG♀ hybrid on an intensive basis in southern Africa, than it would be to farm C. gariepinus in the traditional manner.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A critical analysis of South African underground comics
- Authors: Breytenbach, Jesse-Ann
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Underground comic books, strips, etc. -- South Africa -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2396 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002192
- Description: In a critical analysis of several independantly produced South African comics of the 1980s and early 1990s, close analysis of the comics leads to an assessment of the artists'intentions and purposes. Discussion of the artists' sources focuses on definitions of different types of comics. What is defined as a comic is usually what has been produced under that definition, and these comics are positioned somewhere between the popular and fine art contexts. As the artists are amateurs, the mechanical structure of comics is exposed through their skill in manipulating, and their initial ignorance of, many comic conventions. By comparison to one another, and to the standard format of commercial comics, some explanation of how a comic works can be reached. The element of closure, bridging the gaps between frames, is unique to comics, and is the most important consideration. Comic artists work with the intangible, creating from static elements an illusion of motion. If the artist deals primarily with what is on the page rather than what is not, the comic remains static. Questions of quality are reliant on the skill with which closure is implemented. The art students who produced these comics are of a generation for whom popular culture is the dominant culture, and they create for an audience of peers. Their cultural milieu is more visual than verbal, and often more media oriented than that of their teachers. They must integrate a fine art training and understanding into the preset rules of a commercial medium. Confronted with the problem of a separation of languages, they evolve a new dialect. Through comparative and critical analyses I will show how this dialect differs from the language of conventional comics, attempting in particular to explain how the mechanics of the cornie medium can limit or expand its communicative potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Breytenbach, Jesse-Ann
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Underground comic books, strips, etc. -- South Africa -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2396 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002192
- Description: In a critical analysis of several independantly produced South African comics of the 1980s and early 1990s, close analysis of the comics leads to an assessment of the artists'intentions and purposes. Discussion of the artists' sources focuses on definitions of different types of comics. What is defined as a comic is usually what has been produced under that definition, and these comics are positioned somewhere between the popular and fine art contexts. As the artists are amateurs, the mechanical structure of comics is exposed through their skill in manipulating, and their initial ignorance of, many comic conventions. By comparison to one another, and to the standard format of commercial comics, some explanation of how a comic works can be reached. The element of closure, bridging the gaps between frames, is unique to comics, and is the most important consideration. Comic artists work with the intangible, creating from static elements an illusion of motion. If the artist deals primarily with what is on the page rather than what is not, the comic remains static. Questions of quality are reliant on the skill with which closure is implemented. The art students who produced these comics are of a generation for whom popular culture is the dominant culture, and they create for an audience of peers. Their cultural milieu is more visual than verbal, and often more media oriented than that of their teachers. They must integrate a fine art training and understanding into the preset rules of a commercial medium. Confronted with the problem of a separation of languages, they evolve a new dialect. Through comparative and critical analyses I will show how this dialect differs from the language of conventional comics, attempting in particular to explain how the mechanics of the cornie medium can limit or expand its communicative potential.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A critical analysis of the application of total quality management principles in two schools
- Authors: Carlson, Brian Kenneth
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Total quality management School management and organization -- Case studies School management and organization -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1472 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003353
- Description: In recent years, the principles of Total Quality Management, developed by Edwards Deming and others and used with varying degrees of success in the business world, have been used in schools as part of the process to transform education in terms of school management and classroom learning. This research grew out of my experiences when St. Andrew's Preparatory School participated in a Total Quality Management training programme which highlighted for me the problems and the benefits of such training. This research was undertaken, therefore, to find out how two other schools - one a high school in Grahamstown and the other a high school in Clarke County, U.S.A. had responded to similar training. Open ended questionnaires were used and the responses were analyzed to detect patterns of thoughts, feelings and attitudes, particularly in terms of human relationships at the school and with regard to various components of school culture. Comparisons were also made between the responses from the two schools, and the findings were compared with the claims made for TQM by the theorists and other educational practitioners who have ventured into TQM in their schools. The research findings indicate that Total Quality Management training had a positive impact on the participating schools but that there are problems associated with its adaptation for education. Given the necessary leadership commitment, however, these problems are not insurmountable. Total Quality Management may well be able to contribute towards the restructing of education which seems to be more and more urgently needed both in South Africa and in their countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Carlson, Brian Kenneth
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Total quality management School management and organization -- Case studies School management and organization -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1472 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003353
- Description: In recent years, the principles of Total Quality Management, developed by Edwards Deming and others and used with varying degrees of success in the business world, have been used in schools as part of the process to transform education in terms of school management and classroom learning. This research grew out of my experiences when St. Andrew's Preparatory School participated in a Total Quality Management training programme which highlighted for me the problems and the benefits of such training. This research was undertaken, therefore, to find out how two other schools - one a high school in Grahamstown and the other a high school in Clarke County, U.S.A. had responded to similar training. Open ended questionnaires were used and the responses were analyzed to detect patterns of thoughts, feelings and attitudes, particularly in terms of human relationships at the school and with regard to various components of school culture. Comparisons were also made between the responses from the two schools, and the findings were compared with the claims made for TQM by the theorists and other educational practitioners who have ventured into TQM in their schools. The research findings indicate that Total Quality Management training had a positive impact on the participating schools but that there are problems associated with its adaptation for education. Given the necessary leadership commitment, however, these problems are not insurmountable. Total Quality Management may well be able to contribute towards the restructing of education which seems to be more and more urgently needed both in South Africa and in their countries.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A cross-cultural study of eating disordered behaviour in female university residence students
- Authors: Geach, Michele Fiona
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Eating disorders -- South Africa -- Cross-cultural studies Women college students -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009452
- Description: The compilation of information on the incidence of eating disorders in South African university residence women has been identified as an urgent matter by the National Eating Disorders Coordinating Committee (NEDCC). This study was undertaken to determine the degree of eating disordered behaviour across cultures in female university residence students from the University of Natal, Durban and Pietermaritzburg campuses, and the University of Durban Westville. The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was completed by 39 black, 41 white, 6 Indian and 4 Coloured students. It was hypothesised that white women would show higher rates of disordered eating; that black women in more advanced years of study ie. those who are more acculturated, would show more disordered eating behaviour than first year black students; that black females would demonstrate higher Body Mass Index (BMI) scores than white students; and that a positive relationship would be found between Socio-economic status (SES) and disordered eating. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in disordered eating among black and white female students. Degree of disordered eating did not increase with year of study. Although black students demonstrated significantly higher BMI scores than white students, there was no difference in body dissatisfaction scores. Furthermore there was no relationship found between SES and degree of disordered eating behaviour. An attempt is made to explain these results by exploring the role of acculturation to Western appearance standards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Geach, Michele Fiona
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Eating disorders -- South Africa -- Cross-cultural studies Women college students -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSocSc
- Identifier: vital:3197 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009452
- Description: The compilation of information on the incidence of eating disorders in South African university residence women has been identified as an urgent matter by the National Eating Disorders Coordinating Committee (NEDCC). This study was undertaken to determine the degree of eating disordered behaviour across cultures in female university residence students from the University of Natal, Durban and Pietermaritzburg campuses, and the University of Durban Westville. The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was completed by 39 black, 41 white, 6 Indian and 4 Coloured students. It was hypothesised that white women would show higher rates of disordered eating; that black women in more advanced years of study ie. those who are more acculturated, would show more disordered eating behaviour than first year black students; that black females would demonstrate higher Body Mass Index (BMI) scores than white students; and that a positive relationship would be found between Socio-economic status (SES) and disordered eating. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in disordered eating among black and white female students. Degree of disordered eating did not increase with year of study. Although black students demonstrated significantly higher BMI scores than white students, there was no difference in body dissatisfaction scores. Furthermore there was no relationship found between SES and degree of disordered eating behaviour. An attempt is made to explain these results by exploring the role of acculturation to Western appearance standards.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A networking approach to sharing music studio resources
- Authors: Foss, Richard John
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: MIDI (Standard) Computer sound processing Sound -- Recording and reproducing -- Digital techniques
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4659 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006660
- Description: This thesis investigates the extent to which networking technology can be used to provide remote workstation access to a pool of shared music studio resources. A pilot system is described in which MIDI messages, studio control data, and audio signals flow between the workstations and a studio server. A booking and timing facility avoids contention and allows for accurate reports of studio usage. The operation of the system has been evaluated in terms of its ability to satislY three fundamental goals, namely the remote, shared and centralized access to studio resources. Three essential network configurations have been identified, incorporating a mix of star and bus topologies, and their relative potential for satisfYing the fundamental goals has been highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Foss, Richard John
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: MIDI (Standard) Computer sound processing Sound -- Recording and reproducing -- Digital techniques
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:4659 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006660
- Description: This thesis investigates the extent to which networking technology can be used to provide remote workstation access to a pool of shared music studio resources. A pilot system is described in which MIDI messages, studio control data, and audio signals flow between the workstations and a studio server. A booking and timing facility avoids contention and allows for accurate reports of studio usage. The operation of the system has been evaluated in terms of its ability to satislY three fundamental goals, namely the remote, shared and centralized access to studio resources. Three essential network configurations have been identified, incorporating a mix of star and bus topologies, and their relative potential for satisfYing the fundamental goals has been highlighted.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A pilot study of secondary teachers' understanding of population dynamics
- Authors: Hockey, Athol James Temlett
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa , Population -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003586
- Description: Population dynamics is a South African secondary school biology syllabus topic which deals specifically with ecology or concepts within the realm of ecology. It is currently taught in a way which largely emphasises the teaching and learning of facts and concepts, often out of any context to which students can relate. While it is important to convey scientific concepts, it is just as important to address social and political issues regarding overpopulation and the environment. This research involved the administration of a questionnaire to Std 10 biology teachers in the Department of Education and Training (DET), which sought to obtain information about various aspects of teachers' teaching of population dynamics. These included their feelings toward the teaching of the specific sections of the population dynamics syllabus, and their knowledge and views of environmental issues and human population expansion. The findings of the research suggest that population dynamics is an important topic for students to learn about. The traditional teacher-centred approach to teaching is used by the teachers in the research sample. The sections considered by the teachers to be most important for learning were also considered the most interesting and the easiest to teach. The majority of the teachers in the research sample recognised that human population growth is a global and local problem and that South Africa cannot sustain its present population growth. The teachers in the sample show a diversity of opinions about sustainable development, and have a limited understanding of the links between population, poverty and consumption. Important information gained from the research will be significant in the development of a teaching and learning module on population dynamics that reflects the aims and purpose of environmental education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Hockey, Athol James Temlett
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Environmental education -- South Africa , Population -- Study and teaching (Secondary) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1703 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003586
- Description: Population dynamics is a South African secondary school biology syllabus topic which deals specifically with ecology or concepts within the realm of ecology. It is currently taught in a way which largely emphasises the teaching and learning of facts and concepts, often out of any context to which students can relate. While it is important to convey scientific concepts, it is just as important to address social and political issues regarding overpopulation and the environment. This research involved the administration of a questionnaire to Std 10 biology teachers in the Department of Education and Training (DET), which sought to obtain information about various aspects of teachers' teaching of population dynamics. These included their feelings toward the teaching of the specific sections of the population dynamics syllabus, and their knowledge and views of environmental issues and human population expansion. The findings of the research suggest that population dynamics is an important topic for students to learn about. The traditional teacher-centred approach to teaching is used by the teachers in the research sample. The sections considered by the teachers to be most important for learning were also considered the most interesting and the easiest to teach. The majority of the teachers in the research sample recognised that human population growth is a global and local problem and that South Africa cannot sustain its present population growth. The teachers in the sample show a diversity of opinions about sustainable development, and have a limited understanding of the links between population, poverty and consumption. Important information gained from the research will be significant in the development of a teaching and learning module on population dynamics that reflects the aims and purpose of environmental education.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A portfolio of original compositions exploring syncretism between Indian and western music
- Authors: Ram, Deepak
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Raga Music -- India -- History and criticism Music -- History and criticism Jazz -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2654 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002320
- Description: In this dissertation, overviews and detailed examinations of three compositions are presented. These compositions which constitute the portfolio of the M.MUS degree, are an attempt to explore syncretism between Indian and western music. Two of these works are written for a flute quartet (flute, violin, viola and cello) accompanied in part by a mridangam (Indian percussion instrument). The third work is written for a jazz quartet (piano, saxophone, double bass and drums). Syncretism between western and Indian music can take on a variety of forms, and while this concept is not new, there exists no suitable model or framework through which these compositions can be analysed. The approach used In this dissertation IS therefore guided solely by the compositions themselves. The syncretism in these works lies in the use of melodic, rhythmic and timbral elements of Indian music within two ensembles which are essentially western. This dissertation describes each of these elements in their traditional context as well as the method of incorporating them into western ensemble playing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Ram, Deepak
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Raga Music -- India -- History and criticism Music -- History and criticism Jazz -- History and criticism
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MMus
- Identifier: vital:2654 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002320
- Description: In this dissertation, overviews and detailed examinations of three compositions are presented. These compositions which constitute the portfolio of the M.MUS degree, are an attempt to explore syncretism between Indian and western music. Two of these works are written for a flute quartet (flute, violin, viola and cello) accompanied in part by a mridangam (Indian percussion instrument). The third work is written for a jazz quartet (piano, saxophone, double bass and drums). Syncretism between western and Indian music can take on a variety of forms, and while this concept is not new, there exists no suitable model or framework through which these compositions can be analysed. The approach used In this dissertation IS therefore guided solely by the compositions themselves. The syncretism in these works lies in the use of melodic, rhythmic and timbral elements of Indian music within two ensembles which are essentially western. This dissertation describes each of these elements in their traditional context as well as the method of incorporating them into western ensemble playing.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A pre-impoundment study of the Sabie-Sand River system, Mpumalanga with special reference to predicted impacts on the Kruger National Park (Volume 3)
- O’Keeffe, Jay H, Weeks, D C, Fourie, A, Davies, B R
- Authors: O’Keeffe, Jay H , Weeks, D C , Fourie, A , Davies, B R
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , report
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437759 , vital:73407 , ISBN 1 86845 237 9 , https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/294-3-96.pdf
- Description: This project was begun in January 1990 in response to a need to characterise the fauna of the Sabie-Sand River system for which plans were already advanced to build impoundments. During the cource of the project, the region was subjected to the worst drought on record. As a result the scope and duration of the project was extended. This volume is the first of three which describe the results. Volume 1 de-scribes the ecological status of the Sabie, the Sand and other major tributaries of the system, including the diversity and distribution of the fish and macro-invertebrate faunas, and their habitat requirements. The second volume describes the results of a drought monitoring programme in which three reaches of the Sabie and one in the Sand River were intensively sampled throughout the worst drought on record, from 1991 to 1992. The purpose of this volume is to assess the probable effects of proposed impoundments in the Sabie-Sand River (both positive and nega-tive) on the ecology of the downstream reaches, and to draw on the information from volumes one and two to make recommendations for the management and monitoring of the flows in the river.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: O’Keeffe, Jay H , Weeks, D C , Fourie, A , Davies, B R
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , report
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/437759 , vital:73407 , ISBN 1 86845 237 9 , https://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/294-3-96.pdf
- Description: This project was begun in January 1990 in response to a need to characterise the fauna of the Sabie-Sand River system for which plans were already advanced to build impoundments. During the cource of the project, the region was subjected to the worst drought on record. As a result the scope and duration of the project was extended. This volume is the first of three which describe the results. Volume 1 de-scribes the ecological status of the Sabie, the Sand and other major tributaries of the system, including the diversity and distribution of the fish and macro-invertebrate faunas, and their habitat requirements. The second volume describes the results of a drought monitoring programme in which three reaches of the Sabie and one in the Sand River were intensively sampled throughout the worst drought on record, from 1991 to 1992. The purpose of this volume is to assess the probable effects of proposed impoundments in the Sabie-Sand River (both positive and nega-tive) on the ecology of the downstream reaches, and to draw on the information from volumes one and two to make recommendations for the management and monitoring of the flows in the river.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A programme for the alliance
- COSATU
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/155650 , vital:39902
- Description: From Cosatu’s inception in 1985, the federation developed a close association with the Congress movement. Conditions in the country dictated the need to go beyond bread and butter issues to embrace national and class struggle. This perspective was formally endorsed with Cosatu’s adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1987. The 1987 Congress agreed Cosatu should build alliances with mass-based organisations with a track record of struggle and whose principles did not conflict with those of Cosatu. After the unbanning of the liberation movement, Cosatu’s 1991 Congress resolved that the Federation should join the ANC and SACP in alliance in place of Sactu, thus becoming part of the Tripartite Alliance as we know it today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/155650 , vital:39902
- Description: From Cosatu’s inception in 1985, the federation developed a close association with the Congress movement. Conditions in the country dictated the need to go beyond bread and butter issues to embrace national and class struggle. This perspective was formally endorsed with Cosatu’s adoption of the Freedom Charter in 1987. The 1987 Congress agreed Cosatu should build alliances with mass-based organisations with a track record of struggle and whose principles did not conflict with those of Cosatu. After the unbanning of the liberation movement, Cosatu’s 1991 Congress resolved that the Federation should join the ANC and SACP in alliance in place of Sactu, thus becoming part of the Tripartite Alliance as we know it today.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A review of estuarine ichthyology in South Africa over the past 50 years
- Authors: Whitfield, Alan K
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7155 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011873
- Description: Progress in South African estuarine ichthyology between 1946 and 1995 is reviewed. The early estuary surveys of the 1950s and 1960s resulted in the compilation of species lists for individual systems, but contained very little biological or ecological information on fishes. These surveys were superseded by both autecological and synecological studies in the 1970s and 1980s, which yielded descriptive and process-orientated information on a wide variety of species. Estuarine research during the 1990s has focused increasingly at the community level, with several review papers on the life-history styles of groups of estuarine-associated fishes being published. The last decade has also seen the departure of a number of senior estuarine ichthyologists from the field. This decline in available expertise has coincided with increased demand for ichthyological information to be used in decision support systems for the wise management and conservation of estuaries. It is suggested that these demands be seen as a challenge, with studies being directed towards providing the type of information needed for the maintenance of vital ecological processes within these systems.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Whitfield, Alan K
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:7155 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011873
- Description: Progress in South African estuarine ichthyology between 1946 and 1995 is reviewed. The early estuary surveys of the 1950s and 1960s resulted in the compilation of species lists for individual systems, but contained very little biological or ecological information on fishes. These surveys were superseded by both autecological and synecological studies in the 1970s and 1980s, which yielded descriptive and process-orientated information on a wide variety of species. Estuarine research during the 1990s has focused increasingly at the community level, with several review papers on the life-history styles of groups of estuarine-associated fishes being published. The last decade has also seen the departure of a number of senior estuarine ichthyologists from the field. This decline in available expertise has coincided with increased demand for ichthyological information to be used in decision support systems for the wise management and conservation of estuaries. It is suggested that these demands be seen as a challenge, with studies being directed towards providing the type of information needed for the maintenance of vital ecological processes within these systems.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1996
A review of sediment-hosted gold deposits of the world with special emphasis on recent discoveries outside the U.S.A
- Authors: Daglioglu, Yasar Mehmet
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Gold ores , Sedimentation and deposition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4997 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005609 , Gold ores , Sedimentation and deposition
- Description: Most of the Great Basin sediment-hosted gold deposits are located along well defined, northwest-striking trends. Trends coincide with faults, intrusive rocks and magnetic anomalies. Sedimentary host rocks are siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate, argillic, interbedded chert and shales. Silty bedded silty dolomites, limestone and carbonaceous shales are the most favourable hosts. High, and locally, low-angle faults are very important structural features related to the formation of the ore bodies. High-angle faults are conduits of hydrothermal fluids which react, shatter and prepare the favourable host rock. Decalcification, silicification, and argillization are the most common hydrothermal alteration types. Jasperoid (intense silica replacement) is a significant characteristic; not all of these deposits are gold-bearing. Most deposits contain both oxidized and unoxidized ore. Fine grained disseminated pyrite, arsenian pyrite, and carbonaceous material are the most common hosts for gold in many deposits. These deposits are also characterized by high Au/Ag ratios, notable absence of base metal and geochemical associations of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Ba and TI. Recently numerous sediment-hosted gold deposits have been recognized in different regions of the world. They vary in their size, grades, textwe, host rock lithology, degrees of structural control and chemical characteristics. However, they have many common features which are very similar to the general characteristics of sediment-hosted gold deposits in the Great Basin, U.S.A. Besides these similarities, several unusual features are recorded in some newly discovered deposits elsewhere, such as predominant fault controlled paleokarst related mineralization and the lack of two very common trace elements (Hg, TI) in Lobongan/Alason, Indonesia; and Early Proterozoic age metamorphosed host rocks and lack of Sb in Maoling, China. The discovery of the deep ores in the Post-Betze and Rabbit Canyon, Nevada, proposed sediment-hosted Au emplacement at deeper level (4 ± 2 km; Kuehn & Rose, 1995) combined with a lack of field evidence for paleowater table and paleosurface features has ruled out a shallow epithermal origin. Recent discoveries in other parts of the world throw important new light on the ongoing genetic problems. Intrusive rocks are present in nearly all sediment-hosted gold deposits. Numerous intrusion-centred districts worldwide are characterized by tWo or more different mineralization types and consequently by metal zoning. Sediment-hosted gold deposits are proposed as a distal part of intrusion-centred magmatic hydrothermal systems (Sillitoe &Bonham, 1990).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Daglioglu, Yasar Mehmet
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Gold ores , Sedimentation and deposition
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4997 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005609 , Gold ores , Sedimentation and deposition
- Description: Most of the Great Basin sediment-hosted gold deposits are located along well defined, northwest-striking trends. Trends coincide with faults, intrusive rocks and magnetic anomalies. Sedimentary host rocks are siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate, argillic, interbedded chert and shales. Silty bedded silty dolomites, limestone and carbonaceous shales are the most favourable hosts. High, and locally, low-angle faults are very important structural features related to the formation of the ore bodies. High-angle faults are conduits of hydrothermal fluids which react, shatter and prepare the favourable host rock. Decalcification, silicification, and argillization are the most common hydrothermal alteration types. Jasperoid (intense silica replacement) is a significant characteristic; not all of these deposits are gold-bearing. Most deposits contain both oxidized and unoxidized ore. Fine grained disseminated pyrite, arsenian pyrite, and carbonaceous material are the most common hosts for gold in many deposits. These deposits are also characterized by high Au/Ag ratios, notable absence of base metal and geochemical associations of Au, As, Sb, Hg, Ba and TI. Recently numerous sediment-hosted gold deposits have been recognized in different regions of the world. They vary in their size, grades, textwe, host rock lithology, degrees of structural control and chemical characteristics. However, they have many common features which are very similar to the general characteristics of sediment-hosted gold deposits in the Great Basin, U.S.A. Besides these similarities, several unusual features are recorded in some newly discovered deposits elsewhere, such as predominant fault controlled paleokarst related mineralization and the lack of two very common trace elements (Hg, TI) in Lobongan/Alason, Indonesia; and Early Proterozoic age metamorphosed host rocks and lack of Sb in Maoling, China. The discovery of the deep ores in the Post-Betze and Rabbit Canyon, Nevada, proposed sediment-hosted Au emplacement at deeper level (4 ± 2 km; Kuehn & Rose, 1995) combined with a lack of field evidence for paleowater table and paleosurface features has ruled out a shallow epithermal origin. Recent discoveries in other parts of the world throw important new light on the ongoing genetic problems. Intrusive rocks are present in nearly all sediment-hosted gold deposits. Numerous intrusion-centred districts worldwide are characterized by tWo or more different mineralization types and consequently by metal zoning. Sediment-hosted gold deposits are proposed as a distal part of intrusion-centred magmatic hydrothermal systems (Sillitoe &Bonham, 1990).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
A study of perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among decision makers in northern Namibia
- Tshikesho, Desiderius Raimund
- Authors: Tshikesho, Desiderius Raimund
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Desertification Desertification -- Namibia Desertification -- Economic aspects -- Namibia Environmental education -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1779 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003664
- Description: This study was aimed at investigating the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among decision makers in northern Namibia. The focus of investigation was on desertification and its major causes as identified in the general literature, viz. deforestation, overgrazing and overcultivation. Particular attention was given to the socioeconomic and cultural factors which are behind these perceived 'ecological' causes of desertification. Furthermore, the respondents were also engaged in the generation of solutions to the problem of desertification and its causes. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews with the regional governors, councillors and chief headmen from the four northern regions. A qualitative approach was adopted for the research and findings are essentially descriptive and qualitative. It is anticipated that the study will make an important contribution to the current debate on desertification in Namibia, specifically with regard to the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among the decision makers in northern Namibia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Tshikesho, Desiderius Raimund
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Desertification Desertification -- Namibia Desertification -- Economic aspects -- Namibia Environmental education -- Namibia
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MEd
- Identifier: vital:1779 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003664
- Description: This study was aimed at investigating the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among decision makers in northern Namibia. The focus of investigation was on desertification and its major causes as identified in the general literature, viz. deforestation, overgrazing and overcultivation. Particular attention was given to the socioeconomic and cultural factors which are behind these perceived 'ecological' causes of desertification. Furthermore, the respondents were also engaged in the generation of solutions to the problem of desertification and its causes. Data collection was based on semi-structured interviews with the regional governors, councillors and chief headmen from the four northern regions. A qualitative approach was adopted for the research and findings are essentially descriptive and qualitative. It is anticipated that the study will make an important contribution to the current debate on desertification in Namibia, specifically with regard to the perceptions, knowledge and understanding of desertification and its causes among the decision makers in northern Namibia.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Alkaline rocks in the Kuboos-Bremen Igneous Province, southern Namibia: the Grootpenseiland and Marinkas Kwela Complexes
- Smithies, Robert H, Marsh, Julian S
- Authors: Smithies, Robert H , Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145838 , vital:38471
- Description: The early Cambrian Kuboos-Bremen Igneous Province of northwestern South Africa and southern Namibia comprises a series of intrusive bodies that collectively encompass virtually the entire range of alkaline rock types. Two of these bodies, the Grootpenseiland and Marinkas Kwela Complexes lie immediately north of the Orange River and are amongst the few that show this wide lithological range on a local scale.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Smithies, Robert H , Marsh, Julian S
- Date: 1996
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/145838 , vital:38471
- Description: The early Cambrian Kuboos-Bremen Igneous Province of northwestern South Africa and southern Namibia comprises a series of intrusive bodies that collectively encompass virtually the entire range of alkaline rock types. Two of these bodies, the Grootpenseiland and Marinkas Kwela Complexes lie immediately north of the Orange River and are amongst the few that show this wide lithological range on a local scale.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
Ambiguous contagion the discourse of race in South African English writing, 1890-1930
- Cornwell, David Gareth Napier
- Authors: Cornwell, David Gareth Napier
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: South African literature -- History and criticism Race in literature Race relations in literature Social classes in literature Ethnicity in literature Sex role in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2226 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002269
- Description: This study explores representations of race and racial difference in the writing of white South Africans in English, between the years, approximately, of 1890 and 1930. The first chapter essays a theoretical and historical investigation of the concept of race and offers a narrative of the rise of Western racialism. Its conclusion, that race has functioned as a vehicle of displacement for other forms of difference in the competition for advantage among social groups, is qualified in Chapter Two by the postulate of an anthropologial absolute, the "ethnic imperative", to help account for the strategic emergence of racialism in specific historical circumstances. The role of the ethnic imperative in the moral economy of colonial South Africa in the years 1890-1930 is examined through the analysis of three representative texts. In Chapter Three, a wide range of primary material is canvassed for prevailing views on the "Native Question", the perceived social threat posed by the half-caste, and the "Black Peril", culminating in the detailed examination of a fictional text. A particular concern in both Chapters Two and Three is the imagery of disease and contagion in terms of which racial contact is typically represented. The following chapter situates the literary works discussed in the study in the context of the South African literary tradition, then uses the example of selected short stories to indicate some narratological problems encountered by the writer with a racialist agenda within the medium of realist fiction. Chapters Five and Six investigate, through the close reading of selected novels, thematic concerns rooted in the intersection of the discourse of race with those of gender and social class. The final chapter reveals how William Plomer's novel, Turbott Wolfe, represents a volatile synthesis of a standard discourse on social class, an acknowledgement of the ethnic imperative, the imagery of contagion, and a principled repudiation of racialism, in a multi-faceted, modernist, and partially self-aware fashion. The more salient conclusions reached by this study concern the inadequacy of purely materialist analysis to account for the phenomenon of racialism, the historically determined link between racial attitudes and sexuality, and the manifest incompatibility of racial ideology with the liberal humanism inscribed in the formal requirements of the realist work of fiction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Cornwell, David Gareth Napier
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: South African literature -- History and criticism Race in literature Race relations in literature Social classes in literature Ethnicity in literature Sex role in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Doctoral , PhD
- Identifier: vital:2226 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002269
- Description: This study explores representations of race and racial difference in the writing of white South Africans in English, between the years, approximately, of 1890 and 1930. The first chapter essays a theoretical and historical investigation of the concept of race and offers a narrative of the rise of Western racialism. Its conclusion, that race has functioned as a vehicle of displacement for other forms of difference in the competition for advantage among social groups, is qualified in Chapter Two by the postulate of an anthropologial absolute, the "ethnic imperative", to help account for the strategic emergence of racialism in specific historical circumstances. The role of the ethnic imperative in the moral economy of colonial South Africa in the years 1890-1930 is examined through the analysis of three representative texts. In Chapter Three, a wide range of primary material is canvassed for prevailing views on the "Native Question", the perceived social threat posed by the half-caste, and the "Black Peril", culminating in the detailed examination of a fictional text. A particular concern in both Chapters Two and Three is the imagery of disease and contagion in terms of which racial contact is typically represented. The following chapter situates the literary works discussed in the study in the context of the South African literary tradition, then uses the example of selected short stories to indicate some narratological problems encountered by the writer with a racialist agenda within the medium of realist fiction. Chapters Five and Six investigate, through the close reading of selected novels, thematic concerns rooted in the intersection of the discourse of race with those of gender and social class. The final chapter reveals how William Plomer's novel, Turbott Wolfe, represents a volatile synthesis of a standard discourse on social class, an acknowledgement of the ethnic imperative, the imagery of contagion, and a principled repudiation of racialism, in a multi-faceted, modernist, and partially self-aware fashion. The more salient conclusions reached by this study concern the inadequacy of purely materialist analysis to account for the phenomenon of racialism, the historically determined link between racial attitudes and sexuality, and the manifest incompatibility of racial ideology with the liberal humanism inscribed in the formal requirements of the realist work of fiction.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
An analysis of the experience of the acute phase of traumatic spinal cord injury in a South African spinal unit
- Authors: Gaitelband, Philip Joseph
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Spinal cord -- Wounds and injuries -- Psychological aspects , Spinal cord -- Wounds and injuries -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2978 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002487 , Spinal cord -- Wounds and injuries -- Psychological aspects , Spinal cord -- Wounds and injuries -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Description: This study aims to explore, and to a certain extent to clarify, what it means psychologically to experience Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in a South African spinal unit. The target time chosen for analysis is the acute medical period. The study presents a review of the literature on psychological adjustment to TSCI and then proceeds to introduce and extensively articulate the hermeneutic approach and methodology. Subsequently, an interpretive research strategy is presented for the purpose of studying the acute phase of TSCI. The data for the study was obtained by means of three dialogical interviews which were tape recorded, transcribed and analyzed with~n a cyclical framework consisting of three interdependent levels. The interpretive procedure is modeled upon the 'reading guide' developed by Brown, Tappan, Gilligan, Miller and Argyris (1989). The analysis follows a course from the individual psychological descriptions of the experience to the generation of a general, nomothetic narrative account of the acute phase. The findings are then discussed in relation to the existing literature and evaluated on the basis of the goals of the study. The study highlights the value of some of the 'stage' ways of thinking about SCI adjustment, while simultaneously stressing the need for placing adjustment within a more personalized, and individually meaningful context. Significant differences between the psycho-physical experiences of patients in the categories of complete and -incomplete SCI were found, which suggests that a sharper distinction be made in the literature between these two groups, in order to account for the marked variations in their experiences.-- The study also contains a number of shortcomings, such as a lack of understanding about certain historical and contextual factors which may have mediated the experiences of the trauma for the individuals concerned. These shortcomings and some suggestions fro their resolution are then discussed. The study concludes with an evaluation of the research strategy and methodology and also offers some suggestions for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Gaitelband, Philip Joseph
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Spinal cord -- Wounds and injuries -- Psychological aspects , Spinal cord -- Wounds and injuries -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2978 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002487 , Spinal cord -- Wounds and injuries -- Psychological aspects , Spinal cord -- Wounds and injuries -- Patients -- Rehabilitation
- Description: This study aims to explore, and to a certain extent to clarify, what it means psychologically to experience Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in a South African spinal unit. The target time chosen for analysis is the acute medical period. The study presents a review of the literature on psychological adjustment to TSCI and then proceeds to introduce and extensively articulate the hermeneutic approach and methodology. Subsequently, an interpretive research strategy is presented for the purpose of studying the acute phase of TSCI. The data for the study was obtained by means of three dialogical interviews which were tape recorded, transcribed and analyzed with~n a cyclical framework consisting of three interdependent levels. The interpretive procedure is modeled upon the 'reading guide' developed by Brown, Tappan, Gilligan, Miller and Argyris (1989). The analysis follows a course from the individual psychological descriptions of the experience to the generation of a general, nomothetic narrative account of the acute phase. The findings are then discussed in relation to the existing literature and evaluated on the basis of the goals of the study. The study highlights the value of some of the 'stage' ways of thinking about SCI adjustment, while simultaneously stressing the need for placing adjustment within a more personalized, and individually meaningful context. Significant differences between the psycho-physical experiences of patients in the categories of complete and -incomplete SCI were found, which suggests that a sharper distinction be made in the literature between these two groups, in order to account for the marked variations in their experiences.-- The study also contains a number of shortcomings, such as a lack of understanding about certain historical and contextual factors which may have mediated the experiences of the trauma for the individuals concerned. These shortcomings and some suggestions fro their resolution are then discussed. The study concludes with an evaluation of the research strategy and methodology and also offers some suggestions for future research.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
An examination of dreams and visions in the novels of Virginia Woolf
- Authors: Dale-Jones, Barbara
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Woolf, Virginia, 1882-1941 Criticism and interpretation Dreams in literature Visions in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2223 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002266
- Description: This thesis explores the importance of the visionary experience in five novels by Virginia Woolf. In her fiction, Woolf portrays the phenomenal world as constantly changing and she uses the cycles of nature and the passing of time as a terrifying backdrop against which the mutability and transience of human life are set. Faced with the inevitability of change and the fact of mortality, the individual seeks moments of permanence. These stand in opposition to flux and lead to the experience of a visionary intensity. Woolf's presentation of time as a qualitative phenomenon and her stress on the importance of memory as a function which allows for the intermingling of past and present make possible the narrative rendering of moments which contradict perpetual change and the rigours of sequential time. Moments of stillness 'occur in the midst of and in spite of process and allow for individual contact with an experience that defies the relentless progression of time. Necessary for this experience is not only memory but also the imagination, a faculty which has the power to perceive patterns of harmony in the midst of the chaos that characterises the phenomenal realm. Fundamental to Woolf's writing, however, is the acknowledgement that visions are fleeting, as are the glimpses of meaning that emerge from them. Therefore, while several of her novels describe the artistic effort to create a structured order as a defense against change, Woolf uses the artist's struggle as a metaphor for the difficulties attached to describing the enigma that is life. None of her artist figures is able to formulate a construction that either sums up life or provides a permanence of vision. This study presents a chronological examination of the novels in order to demonstrate that the changing forms of Woolf's fiction trace the evolution of a style that accurately portrays both the workings of the human mind and the insubstantial and fragmentary nature of life. The chronology also reveals that her novels develop in terms of their presentations of the visionary experience. Woolf's final novel incorporates into its central vision the paradoxical fact of the permanence of time's progression and acknowledges that, beyond the individually mutable life, is a continuum that links pre-history to the future. This notion, which is explored in part in the earlier novels, but developed completely in Between the Acts, suggests that consolation can be found in the greater cycles of existence despite the fact of individual mortality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Dale-Jones, Barbara
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Woolf, Virginia, 1882-1941 Criticism and interpretation Dreams in literature Visions in literature
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:2223 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002266
- Description: This thesis explores the importance of the visionary experience in five novels by Virginia Woolf. In her fiction, Woolf portrays the phenomenal world as constantly changing and she uses the cycles of nature and the passing of time as a terrifying backdrop against which the mutability and transience of human life are set. Faced with the inevitability of change and the fact of mortality, the individual seeks moments of permanence. These stand in opposition to flux and lead to the experience of a visionary intensity. Woolf's presentation of time as a qualitative phenomenon and her stress on the importance of memory as a function which allows for the intermingling of past and present make possible the narrative rendering of moments which contradict perpetual change and the rigours of sequential time. Moments of stillness 'occur in the midst of and in spite of process and allow for individual contact with an experience that defies the relentless progression of time. Necessary for this experience is not only memory but also the imagination, a faculty which has the power to perceive patterns of harmony in the midst of the chaos that characterises the phenomenal realm. Fundamental to Woolf's writing, however, is the acknowledgement that visions are fleeting, as are the glimpses of meaning that emerge from them. Therefore, while several of her novels describe the artistic effort to create a structured order as a defense against change, Woolf uses the artist's struggle as a metaphor for the difficulties attached to describing the enigma that is life. None of her artist figures is able to formulate a construction that either sums up life or provides a permanence of vision. This study presents a chronological examination of the novels in order to demonstrate that the changing forms of Woolf's fiction trace the evolution of a style that accurately portrays both the workings of the human mind and the insubstantial and fragmentary nature of life. The chronology also reveals that her novels develop in terms of their presentations of the visionary experience. Woolf's final novel incorporates into its central vision the paradoxical fact of the permanence of time's progression and acknowledges that, beyond the individually mutable life, is a continuum that links pre-history to the future. This notion, which is explored in part in the earlier novels, but developed completely in Between the Acts, suggests that consolation can be found in the greater cycles of existence despite the fact of individual mortality.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
An examination of the application of a geographical information system to rural development planning in Shixini Location, Transkei
- Authors: Whisken, Jarrell Braden
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Transkei -- Shixini -- Planning , Shixini rural development project , Geographic information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4830 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005505 , Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Transkei -- Shixini -- Planning , Shixini rural development project , Geographic information systems
- Description: Digital geographical information systems (GIS) are tools for handling spatial data. Initially developed in First World countries, the technology is fast being taken up as a tool for handling spatial information by many Third World countries. GIS has been used for any number of applications involving spatial data, one of its primary uses has been in various planning fields where the advantages offered to planners by the technology have been highlighted by a number of publications and studies. GIS has been actively used as an urban planning tool in South Africa since the mid-1980s, (Vosloo 1987) however its use as a tool for rural planning has not developed to the same extent. As early as 1986 reference was made to the possible advantages offered by GIS to rural planning in South Africa (Fincham 1986). Despite this early recognition, the use of GIS in the rural planning sphere remains negligible. This study examines the. possible reasons for this by attempting to answer the question, "is GIS appropriate to rural planning in South Africa?" A number of approaches to rural planning are practised in South Africa. This study examines the appropriateness of applying GIS to one of these approaches, rural community development planning. Components of the study included i) an examination of the issues affecting the use of GIS in the rural development field, achieved through the use of a literature and questionnaire survey and ii) a case study examining the feasibility of incorporating GIS as a tool to the Shixini Development Project, Transkei. The study does not examine the intricacies of rural development theory, but it does acknowledge the fact that the approach employed by an organisation to rural development will have important implications concerning the use of a GIS in a project. The approach adopted to a project affects amongst others the administrative structure, the planning process, the flow of spatial data and its use, and consequently the possible role of GIS. The Shixini Rural Development Project was classified as a community development project, and as a result the study concentrates on this approach to rural development. This may limit the study to a particular planning process, however most rural case studies will have certain aims and factors which are unique to its situation. In order to place the results of the Shixini case study in a wider context the results of the study are linked to the questionnaire and literature survey. From this basis the usefulness of GIS in the rural development sphere was examined. Available literature on GIS indicates that the majority of problems associated with GIS rarely reside with the technology itself but rather with its supporting mechanisms. The study identified and concentrated on these support mechanisms, both at the project level and what is referred to in the study as the operating environment in South Africa. The results of the study revealed that a number of problems exist with regard to the attitude with which GIS is regarded in development organisations. It was found that these attitudes are legitimately based on a number of problems associated with incorporating the technology into project based organisations. It was concluded that GIS was appropriate to rural community planning, but is presently limited to certain aspects of the planning process and possibly to certain applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Whisken, Jarrell Braden
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Transkei -- Shixini -- Planning , Shixini rural development project , Geographic information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:4830 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005505 , Rural development projects -- South Africa -- Transkei -- Shixini -- Planning , Shixini rural development project , Geographic information systems
- Description: Digital geographical information systems (GIS) are tools for handling spatial data. Initially developed in First World countries, the technology is fast being taken up as a tool for handling spatial information by many Third World countries. GIS has been used for any number of applications involving spatial data, one of its primary uses has been in various planning fields where the advantages offered to planners by the technology have been highlighted by a number of publications and studies. GIS has been actively used as an urban planning tool in South Africa since the mid-1980s, (Vosloo 1987) however its use as a tool for rural planning has not developed to the same extent. As early as 1986 reference was made to the possible advantages offered by GIS to rural planning in South Africa (Fincham 1986). Despite this early recognition, the use of GIS in the rural planning sphere remains negligible. This study examines the. possible reasons for this by attempting to answer the question, "is GIS appropriate to rural planning in South Africa?" A number of approaches to rural planning are practised in South Africa. This study examines the appropriateness of applying GIS to one of these approaches, rural community development planning. Components of the study included i) an examination of the issues affecting the use of GIS in the rural development field, achieved through the use of a literature and questionnaire survey and ii) a case study examining the feasibility of incorporating GIS as a tool to the Shixini Development Project, Transkei. The study does not examine the intricacies of rural development theory, but it does acknowledge the fact that the approach employed by an organisation to rural development will have important implications concerning the use of a GIS in a project. The approach adopted to a project affects amongst others the administrative structure, the planning process, the flow of spatial data and its use, and consequently the possible role of GIS. The Shixini Rural Development Project was classified as a community development project, and as a result the study concentrates on this approach to rural development. This may limit the study to a particular planning process, however most rural case studies will have certain aims and factors which are unique to its situation. In order to place the results of the Shixini case study in a wider context the results of the study are linked to the questionnaire and literature survey. From this basis the usefulness of GIS in the rural development sphere was examined. Available literature on GIS indicates that the majority of problems associated with GIS rarely reside with the technology itself but rather with its supporting mechanisms. The study identified and concentrated on these support mechanisms, both at the project level and what is referred to in the study as the operating environment in South Africa. The results of the study revealed that a number of problems exist with regard to the attitude with which GIS is regarded in development organisations. It was found that these attitudes are legitimately based on a number of problems associated with incorporating the technology into project based organisations. It was concluded that GIS was appropriate to rural community planning, but is presently limited to certain aspects of the planning process and possibly to certain applications.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
An exploration into the photo-transformation of the human form, through a research of its contemporary influential imagery and diversity within our culture
- Authors: Murphy, Alexandra Christina
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Photography, Artistic Photography of the nude Human figure in art Portrait photography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2416 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002212
- Description: The purpose of this study is to look at how the figure is imaged through the photographic medium today. Through this purpose I aim to explore the individual expression of the photographer in his photographic medium; the expression of the figure within the medium and the diverse practises of this medium in society - to build up an awareness and understanding of the diverse representations of the human form. The general aims of study are: 1 - to study how these three photographers choose to photograph the figure, through their technical, compositional and individual approach. 2 - to show how diverse the usage of the photographic figure is in the visual world. 3 - to expose an awareness of the photographic figure as transformation of an expression of self. 4 - to show the relationship between the photographer and the figure, the camera and the photographer, the camera and the figure, and the photographic figure and the viewer. 5 - to study my own photographic imagery in relation to the other imagery discussed. My research information was collected through: observations, discussions, literature and practical exploration. This study will attempt to draw conclusions, from its explorations, that will highlight the importance of the individual eye: that it is the individual eye that becomes the vehicle of transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Murphy, Alexandra Christina
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Photography, Artistic Photography of the nude Human figure in art Portrait photography
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MFA
- Identifier: vital:2416 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002212
- Description: The purpose of this study is to look at how the figure is imaged through the photographic medium today. Through this purpose I aim to explore the individual expression of the photographer in his photographic medium; the expression of the figure within the medium and the diverse practises of this medium in society - to build up an awareness and understanding of the diverse representations of the human form. The general aims of study are: 1 - to study how these three photographers choose to photograph the figure, through their technical, compositional and individual approach. 2 - to show how diverse the usage of the photographic figure is in the visual world. 3 - to expose an awareness of the photographic figure as transformation of an expression of self. 4 - to show the relationship between the photographer and the figure, the camera and the photographer, the camera and the figure, and the photographic figure and the viewer. 5 - to study my own photographic imagery in relation to the other imagery discussed. My research information was collected through: observations, discussions, literature and practical exploration. This study will attempt to draw conclusions, from its explorations, that will highlight the importance of the individual eye: that it is the individual eye that becomes the vehicle of transformation.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
An extended version of Linda for Transputer systems
- Wells, George C, Clayton, Peter G, Chalmer, A G
- Authors: Wells, George C , Clayton, Peter G , Chalmer, A G
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430512 , vital:72696 , https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/270088.270117
- Description: This paper discusses the associative matching mechanism used in the Linda coordination language for the retrieval of data. There are a number of problems with this mechanism which are discussed in the light of the requirements of applications using Linda. A number of solutions to these problems have been proposed. These are discussed and compared with a new approach to solving these problems. The benefits and the limitations of the new approach are considered, showing how it provides a considerable improvement in this area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
- Authors: Wells, George C , Clayton, Peter G , Chalmer, A G
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430512 , vital:72696 , https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/270088.270117
- Description: This paper discusses the associative matching mechanism used in the Linda coordination language for the retrieval of data. There are a number of problems with this mechanism which are discussed in the light of the requirements of applications using Linda. A number of solutions to these problems have been proposed. These are discussed and compared with a new approach to solving these problems. The benefits and the limitations of the new approach are considered, showing how it provides a considerable improvement in this area.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
An investigation into some critical computer networking parameters : Internet addressing and routing
- Authors: Isted, Edwin David
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Computer networks , Internet , Electronic mail systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4608 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004874 , Computer networks , Internet , Electronic mail systems
- Description: This thesis describes the evaluation of several proposals suggested as replacements for the currenT Internet's TCPJIP protocol suite. The emphasis of this thesis is on how the proposals solve the current routing and addressing problems associated with the Internet. The addressing problem is found to be related to address space depletion, and the routing problem related to excessive routing costs. The evaluation is performed based on criteria selected for their applicability as future Internet design criteria. AIl the protocols are evaluated using the above-mentioned criteria. It is concluded that the most suitable addressing mechanism is an expandable multi-level format, with a logical separation of location and host identification information. Similarly, the most suitable network representation technique is found to be an unrestricted hierarchical structure which uses a suitable abstraction mechanism. It is further found that these two solutions could adequately solve the existing addressing and routing problems and allow substantial growth of the Internet.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996
An investigation into some critical computer networking parameters : Internet addressing and routing
- Authors: Isted, Edwin David
- Date: 1996
- Subjects: Computer networks , Internet , Electronic mail systems
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: vital:4608 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004874 , Computer networks , Internet , Electronic mail systems
- Description: This thesis describes the evaluation of several proposals suggested as replacements for the currenT Internet's TCPJIP protocol suite. The emphasis of this thesis is on how the proposals solve the current routing and addressing problems associated with the Internet. The addressing problem is found to be related to address space depletion, and the routing problem related to excessive routing costs. The evaluation is performed based on criteria selected for their applicability as future Internet design criteria. AIl the protocols are evaluated using the above-mentioned criteria. It is concluded that the most suitable addressing mechanism is an expandable multi-level format, with a logical separation of location and host identification information. Similarly, the most suitable network representation technique is found to be an unrestricted hierarchical structure which uses a suitable abstraction mechanism. It is further found that these two solutions could adequately solve the existing addressing and routing problems and allow substantial growth of the Internet.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1996