"Making the News": a case study of East Cape News (ECN)
- Authors: Davidow, Audrey Beth
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Reporters and reporting Reporters and reporting -- South Africa Attribution of news News agencies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3424 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002877
- Description: To fully comprehend the complex process of news making, we must first understand that the events we read about everyday in the newspaper are not merely a reflection of the world in which we live. News does not just happen. Rather, it is a socially constructed product in which events are “made to mean” (Hall, 1978). Thus, the news plays a fundamental role in shaping our interpretations of reality - our perceptions of the world as we know it. Informed by a structuralist approach to news making, this research provides a detailed ethnographic study of the determinants that shape and produce news in the South African print media. I provide examples of the influence various factors, operating at all levels, exert within the news making process. The research focuses on the news production process at East Cape News Pty. Ltd. (ECN) a small news agency operating in the peripheral news region of South Africa’s Eastern Cape. It considers the journalistic routines and interests of the ECN reporters; how these reporters select events and turn them into news, how they interpret their significance and how they formulate them as news stories. The research also considers the second stage of selection ECN news must pass before it is read by the public - the “gates” of external newspapers. In this section, the study is primarily concerned with which ECN news stories succeed past the gates of national newspapers as these are the newpapers that play an influential role in shaping national perceptions of the marginalised Eastern Cape region. A province burdened with devastating rural poverty, unstable government, and little economic growth, the Eastern Cape warrants little coverage from the national, Johannesburg-based news market. As a result, little news of the Eastern Cape is published nationally, further perpetuating the region’s perceived insignificance on a national level. This point also demonstrates the fact that news both shapes, and is shaped by, our ideologies. News, therefore is ideological (Fishman, 1977). My findings reinforce many of the observations of other media researchers informed by a structuralist approach in the field of news making. However, some elements of news making emerge which appear to be unique in terms of other studies of news making. These elements are primarily a result of ECN’s informal organisational structures which allow the journalists a greater level of autonomy than a larger more bureaucratic organisation might. Thus, in addition to considering the structures that shape the news, I also discuss the role of human agency in making the news.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Davidow, Audrey Beth
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Reporters and reporting Reporters and reporting -- South Africa Attribution of news News agencies -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: text , Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:3424 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002877
- Description: To fully comprehend the complex process of news making, we must first understand that the events we read about everyday in the newspaper are not merely a reflection of the world in which we live. News does not just happen. Rather, it is a socially constructed product in which events are “made to mean” (Hall, 1978). Thus, the news plays a fundamental role in shaping our interpretations of reality - our perceptions of the world as we know it. Informed by a structuralist approach to news making, this research provides a detailed ethnographic study of the determinants that shape and produce news in the South African print media. I provide examples of the influence various factors, operating at all levels, exert within the news making process. The research focuses on the news production process at East Cape News Pty. Ltd. (ECN) a small news agency operating in the peripheral news region of South Africa’s Eastern Cape. It considers the journalistic routines and interests of the ECN reporters; how these reporters select events and turn them into news, how they interpret their significance and how they formulate them as news stories. The research also considers the second stage of selection ECN news must pass before it is read by the public - the “gates” of external newspapers. In this section, the study is primarily concerned with which ECN news stories succeed past the gates of national newspapers as these are the newpapers that play an influential role in shaping national perceptions of the marginalised Eastern Cape region. A province burdened with devastating rural poverty, unstable government, and little economic growth, the Eastern Cape warrants little coverage from the national, Johannesburg-based news market. As a result, little news of the Eastern Cape is published nationally, further perpetuating the region’s perceived insignificance on a national level. This point also demonstrates the fact that news both shapes, and is shaped by, our ideologies. News, therefore is ideological (Fishman, 1977). My findings reinforce many of the observations of other media researchers informed by a structuralist approach in the field of news making. However, some elements of news making emerge which appear to be unique in terms of other studies of news making. These elements are primarily a result of ECN’s informal organisational structures which allow the journalists a greater level of autonomy than a larger more bureaucratic organisation might. Thus, in addition to considering the structures that shape the news, I also discuss the role of human agency in making the news.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
A Distributed System for the Creation and Delivery of Ambisonic Surround Sound Audio
- Foss, Richard, Smith, Adrian
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Smith, Adrian
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427347 , vital:72432 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/online/browse.cfm?elib=8044
- Description: A system has been created for the production of ambisonic surround sound compositions using a client-server architecture. Those calculations requiring processing power and large amounts of disc storage and disc access are relegated to the server, while the client provides an intuitive user interface and limited processing. The server plays the role of a remote surround sound processing engine, which can be utilized by clients. The system has been constructed, and the feasibility of the approach has been evaluated via experimental data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Foss, Richard , Smith, Adrian
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/427347 , vital:72432 , https://www.aes.org/e-lib/online/browse.cfm?elib=8044
- Description: A system has been created for the production of ambisonic surround sound compositions using a client-server architecture. Those calculations requiring processing power and large amounts of disc storage and disc access are relegated to the server, while the client provides an intuitive user interface and limited processing. The server plays the role of a remote surround sound processing engine, which can be utilized by clients. The system has been constructed, and the feasibility of the approach has been evaluated via experimental data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
A foreign policy for all?: South Africa and the call for an African Renaissance
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161388 , vital:40622 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC15569
- Description: In the political vacuum that accompanies Africa's 'strategic marginalisation' and in a situation of fifteen conflicts, our continent finds itself in a state of flux. Here lies the challenge for inter-African diplomacy and regional initiatives by state and non-state actors seeking to indigenously define, manage and contain conflict. The intention must be a purposive one: to seek to normatively structure an environment 'paddocked' to provide security for states, civic society, communities, women, children and individuals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Bischoff, Paul, 1954-
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/161388 , vital:40622 , https://0-hdl.handle.net.wam.seals.ac.za/10520/EJC15569
- Description: In the political vacuum that accompanies Africa's 'strategic marginalisation' and in a situation of fifteen conflicts, our continent finds itself in a state of flux. Here lies the challenge for inter-African diplomacy and regional initiatives by state and non-state actors seeking to indigenously define, manage and contain conflict. The intention must be a purposive one: to seek to normatively structure an environment 'paddocked' to provide security for states, civic society, communities, women, children and individuals.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
A generic virtual reality interaction system and its extensions using the common object request broker architecture (CORBA)
- Rorke, Michael, Bangay, Shaun D
- Authors: Rorke, Michael , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432684 , vital:72892 , https://www.cs.ru.ac.za/research/Groups/vrsig/pastprojects/013interaction/paper03.pdf
- Description: The paper describes the design and implementation of an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) interaction system. The system aims to provide a flexible mechanism for programmers to implement interaction in their VR applications, making good use of all accepted practices in the field. The paper further describes how the system was extended to a multi-user system using the CORBA middleware layer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Rorke, Michael , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432684 , vital:72892 , https://www.cs.ru.ac.za/research/Groups/vrsig/pastprojects/013interaction/paper03.pdf
- Description: The paper describes the design and implementation of an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) interaction system. The system aims to provide a flexible mechanism for programmers to implement interaction in their VR applications, making good use of all accepted practices in the field. The paper further describes how the system was extended to a multi-user system using the CORBA middleware layer.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
A Prototyping Environment for Investigating Context Aware Wearable Applications.
- Tsegaye, Melekam, Bangay, Shaun D, Terzoli, Alfredo
- Authors: Tsegaye, Melekam , Bangay, Shaun D , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432783 , vital:72900 , https://www.cs.ru.ac.za/research/g98t4414/static/papers/wearprototsegaye05.pdf
- Description: In this paper we introduce the concept of a contextaware, wearable application prototyping environment, which can be used to support research into new wearable applications. We also present an initial specification for such an environment and show how different types of sensors can be modelled to produce data that describes a given context scenario using our prototyping approach.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Tsegaye, Melekam , Bangay, Shaun D , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/432783 , vital:72900 , https://www.cs.ru.ac.za/research/g98t4414/static/papers/wearprototsegaye05.pdf
- Description: In this paper we introduce the concept of a contextaware, wearable application prototyping environment, which can be used to support research into new wearable applications. We also present an initial specification for such an environment and show how different types of sensors can be modelled to produce data that describes a given context scenario using our prototyping approach.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric determination of gold (III) in the presence of yeast mannan
- Lack, Barbara, Duncan, John R, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Lack, Barbara , Duncan, John R , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293151 , vital:57060 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00736-3"
- Description: Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric (AdCSV) studies of gold(III) on a glassy carbon electrode and in the presence of yeast mannan are reported. These studies give evidence of the formation of a complex between gold(III) and mannan in acid media as judged by the enhancement in the AdCSV currents and shift in the reduction peak of gold(III) in the presence of mannan. The AdCSV currents were linearly dependent on gold(III) concentrations ranging from 7.0 × 10−7 to 3.0 × 10−4 mol dm−3. A detection limit of 6.0 × 10−8 mol dm−3 was obtained. Interferences of copper(II) were observed in the presence of mannan, but there was no significant interference of silver(I).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Lack, Barbara , Duncan, John R , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293151 , vital:57060 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00736-3"
- Description: Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric (AdCSV) studies of gold(III) on a glassy carbon electrode and in the presence of yeast mannan are reported. These studies give evidence of the formation of a complex between gold(III) and mannan in acid media as judged by the enhancement in the AdCSV currents and shift in the reduction peak of gold(III) in the presence of mannan. The AdCSV currents were linearly dependent on gold(III) concentrations ranging from 7.0 × 10−7 to 3.0 × 10−4 mol dm−3. A detection limit of 6.0 × 10−8 mol dm−3 was obtained. Interferences of copper(II) were observed in the presence of mannan, but there was no significant interference of silver(I).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
An unusual new fossil shark (Pisces: Chondrichthyes) from the Late Devonian of South Africa
- Anderson, M Eric, Long, John A, Gess, Robert W, Hiller, Norton
- Authors: Anderson, M Eric , Long, John A , Gess, Robert W , Hiller, Norton
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/73910 , vital:30240 , http://museum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/10. Anderson, Long, Gess, Hiller.pdf
- Description: A new stem-group chondrichthyan fish, PlesioselacJllIs macracanthlls gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Late Devonian Witpoort Formation, representing an estuarine lagoon site, near Grahamstown, South Africa. Based on a single, fairly complete specimen, it is distinctive in its a single dorsal fin braced by a large, stout spine with numerous ribs and posterior denticles, apparently no second dorsal or anal fin, an amphistylic jaw suspension, and a distinctive triangular palatoquadrate. It is suggested that the species may represent a high-latitude, Late Devonian relict taxon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Anderson, M Eric , Long, John A , Gess, Robert W , Hiller, Norton
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/73910 , vital:30240 , http://museum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/10. Anderson, Long, Gess, Hiller.pdf
- Description: A new stem-group chondrichthyan fish, PlesioselacJllIs macracanthlls gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Late Devonian Witpoort Formation, representing an estuarine lagoon site, near Grahamstown, South Africa. Based on a single, fairly complete specimen, it is distinctive in its a single dorsal fin braced by a large, stout spine with numerous ribs and posterior denticles, apparently no second dorsal or anal fin, an amphistylic jaw suspension, and a distinctive triangular palatoquadrate. It is suggested that the species may represent a high-latitude, Late Devonian relict taxon.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Analysis of chromameter results obtained from corticosteroid-induced skin blanching assay: comparison of visual and chromameter data
- Schwarb, Fabian P, Smith, Eric W, Haigh, John M, Surber, Christian
- Authors: Schwarb, Fabian P , Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M , Surber, Christian
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6426 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006562
- Description: In a Guidance document, the American FDA recommends the use of a Minolta chromameter rather than the human eye for the quantitative assessment of the pharmacodynamic blanching response produced by topical application of corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to compare the appropriateness of the human eye and two models of chromameter for the estimation of skin blanching, in terms of the quality of the data generated by each method. The corticosteroid-induced skin blanching from four different betamethasone 17-valerate cream formulations was compared in a typical human skin blanching trial. The optimized assay methodology routinely practised in our laboratories was utilized. The blanching responses were assessed visually by three trained, independent observers and recorded by two chromameters (Minolta model CR-200 and model CR-300). The topical availability of the four creams was determined using visual scoring and chromameter measurements. All data were manipulated in such a manner as to produce a blanching response versus time profile from which AUBC analysis could be performed. Good correlation was observed between the visual assessments made by three independent observers. In contrast, moderate correlation was determined between visual, CR-200 and CR-300 measurements. Surprisingly, no direct linear relationship between the AUBCs produced by the two chromameters was observed indicating that the quality of the data obtained from the two instruments may not be equal. This investigation also indicated that the use of the chromameter is not completely objective. Visual scoring and chromameter measurement produce data sets that differ in quality. Each procedure needs to be validated and investigators have to be trained for both visual assessment and the operation of the chromameter, particularly with regard to the manipulation of the measuring head of the instrument.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Schwarb, Fabian P , Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M , Surber, Christian
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6426 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006562
- Description: In a Guidance document, the American FDA recommends the use of a Minolta chromameter rather than the human eye for the quantitative assessment of the pharmacodynamic blanching response produced by topical application of corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to compare the appropriateness of the human eye and two models of chromameter for the estimation of skin blanching, in terms of the quality of the data generated by each method. The corticosteroid-induced skin blanching from four different betamethasone 17-valerate cream formulations was compared in a typical human skin blanching trial. The optimized assay methodology routinely practised in our laboratories was utilized. The blanching responses were assessed visually by three trained, independent observers and recorded by two chromameters (Minolta model CR-200 and model CR-300). The topical availability of the four creams was determined using visual scoring and chromameter measurements. All data were manipulated in such a manner as to produce a blanching response versus time profile from which AUBC analysis could be performed. Good correlation was observed between the visual assessments made by three independent observers. In contrast, moderate correlation was determined between visual, CR-200 and CR-300 measurements. Surprisingly, no direct linear relationship between the AUBCs produced by the two chromameters was observed indicating that the quality of the data obtained from the two instruments may not be equal. This investigation also indicated that the use of the chromameter is not completely objective. Visual scoring and chromameter measurement produce data sets that differ in quality. Each procedure needs to be validated and investigators have to be trained for both visual assessment and the operation of the chromameter, particularly with regard to the manipulation of the measuring head of the instrument.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Anting in Afrotropical birds: a review
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447746 , vital:74671 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1999.9634237
- Description: Passive anting has been recorded from four non-passerine species in Africa, the Rock Kestrel Falco tinnunculus, the African Finfoot Podica senegalensis, the African Hoopoe Upupa epops and the Whitebacked Mousebird Colius colius. Active or passive anting has been recorded from 21 passerine species in 10 families in the wild, and in captive birds in a further 27 species of 3 families. Although such behaviour may have been overlooked or misinterpreted, the rarity of observations implies that in most species anting is likely to be infrequent. In all cases in which the ants have been identified, they were members of the sub-family Formicinae. It appears unlikely that any single functional explanation can account for the observed occurrences of this behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Craig, Adrian J F K
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/447746 , vital:74671 , https://doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1999.9634237
- Description: Passive anting has been recorded from four non-passerine species in Africa, the Rock Kestrel Falco tinnunculus, the African Finfoot Podica senegalensis, the African Hoopoe Upupa epops and the Whitebacked Mousebird Colius colius. Active or passive anting has been recorded from 21 passerine species in 10 families in the wild, and in captive birds in a further 27 species of 3 families. Although such behaviour may have been overlooked or misinterpreted, the rarity of observations implies that in most species anting is likely to be infrequent. In all cases in which the ants have been identified, they were members of the sub-family Formicinae. It appears unlikely that any single functional explanation can account for the observed occurrences of this behaviour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Cicadas (Hemiptera, Homoptera: Cicadoidea) of Mkomazi
- Villet, Martin H, van Noort, Simon, Packer, M
- Authors: Villet, Martin H , van Noort, Simon , Packer, M
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442756 , vital:74030 , ISBN , https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2001.00094.x
- Description: The cicadas are a group of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera which comprises a diverse range of insects including the bugs, leafhoppers, aphids, scale insects etc. The Hemiptera are characterised by specialised mouth parts that are adapted for piercing and sucking up sap from host plants or animal juices from their prey. All cicadas are plant feeders and can be extremely camouflaged when sitting and feeding on a branch, although the males give themselves away by their persistent, often high pitched calls.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Villet, Martin H , van Noort, Simon , Packer, M
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , book chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/442756 , vital:74030 , ISBN , https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2001.00094.x
- Description: The cicadas are a group of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera which comprises a diverse range of insects including the bugs, leafhoppers, aphids, scale insects etc. The Hemiptera are characterised by specialised mouth parts that are adapted for piercing and sucking up sap from host plants or animal juices from their prey. All cicadas are plant feeders and can be extremely camouflaged when sitting and feeding on a branch, although the males give themselves away by their persistent, often high pitched calls.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Cobalt (II) porphyrazine catalysed reduction of nitrite
- Thamae, Mamothibe, Nyokong, Tebello
- Authors: Thamae, Mamothibe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293162 , vital:57061 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(99)00224-7"
- Description: Studies on the catalytic reduction of nitrite on carbon electrodes modified with Co(II) tetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazine (CoTppa, 1), N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetramethyltetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazine ([CoTm-2,3-tppa]4+, 2) and Co(II) N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetramethyltetra-3,4-pyridinoporphyrazine ([CoTm-3,4-tppa]4+, 3) are reported. There is a close correspondence between the proximity of the methyl groups to the porphyrazine ring and the catalytic activity of the porphyrazine complexes. Bulk electrolysis gave ammonia and hydroxylamine as some of the products. The catalytic activity of the cationic complex, 3, towards the detection of low concentrations of nitrite (less than 10−9 M) in water containing sodium sulfate, was compared with the activities of the anionic cobalt(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([CoTSPc]4−, 4) and the mixed [CoIITm-3,4-tppa]4+·[CoTSPc]4− (5) complexes. Complex 5 showed the best catalytic activity of the three in that large currents were obtained for very low concentrations of nitrite.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Thamae, Mamothibe , Nyokong, Tebello
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/293162 , vital:57061 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(99)00224-7"
- Description: Studies on the catalytic reduction of nitrite on carbon electrodes modified with Co(II) tetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazine (CoTppa, 1), N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetramethyltetra-2,3-pyridinoporphyrazine ([CoTm-2,3-tppa]4+, 2) and Co(II) N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetramethyltetra-3,4-pyridinoporphyrazine ([CoTm-3,4-tppa]4+, 3) are reported. There is a close correspondence between the proximity of the methyl groups to the porphyrazine ring and the catalytic activity of the porphyrazine complexes. Bulk electrolysis gave ammonia and hydroxylamine as some of the products. The catalytic activity of the cationic complex, 3, towards the detection of low concentrations of nitrite (less than 10−9 M) in water containing sodium sulfate, was compared with the activities of the anionic cobalt(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine ([CoTSPc]4−, 4) and the mixed [CoIITm-3,4-tppa]4+·[CoTSPc]4− (5) complexes. Complex 5 showed the best catalytic activity of the three in that large currents were obtained for very low concentrations of nitrite.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Common Property Models of Sea Tenure: A Case Study from the Roviana and Vonavona Lagoons, New Georgia, Solomon Islands
- Authors: Shankar, Aswani
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439865 , vital:73715 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018727607651"
- Description: In recent decades, Pacific Region indigenous sea tenure regimes have received considerable attention from social scientists who believe thatmarine-localized common entitlements and fishing practices can aid modern littoral fisheries management. The endorsement of sea tenure institutions as managerial tools, however, has proceeded without adequate consideration of their vulnerability to social and economic changes. The general view held by researchers is that Pacific Island Sea tenure regimes are generally undermined by the influence of exogenous forces resulting in an open-access commons. In this article, it is argued that the contemporary transformation of sea tenure regimes emerges not only from exogenous agency, but from a complex set of autochthonous processes. A case study from New Georgia, Solomon Islands, is presented to show how sea tenure regimes can vary within an ethnically and culturally homogeneous region. Three tenure models are presented to show how different pre- and post-European contact regional settlement patterns, localized processes of political expansion and contraction, and dynamic indigenous sociocultural principles have resulted in institutional differences between each sea tenure model. The effect of the market economy on the organizational structure and managerial outcomes of each model also is discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Shankar, Aswani
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/439865 , vital:73715 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018727607651"
- Description: In recent decades, Pacific Region indigenous sea tenure regimes have received considerable attention from social scientists who believe thatmarine-localized common entitlements and fishing practices can aid modern littoral fisheries management. The endorsement of sea tenure institutions as managerial tools, however, has proceeded without adequate consideration of their vulnerability to social and economic changes. The general view held by researchers is that Pacific Island Sea tenure regimes are generally undermined by the influence of exogenous forces resulting in an open-access commons. In this article, it is argued that the contemporary transformation of sea tenure regimes emerges not only from exogenous agency, but from a complex set of autochthonous processes. A case study from New Georgia, Solomon Islands, is presented to show how sea tenure regimes can vary within an ethnically and culturally homogeneous region. Three tenure models are presented to show how different pre- and post-European contact regional settlement patterns, localized processes of political expansion and contraction, and dynamic indigenous sociocultural principles have resulted in institutional differences between each sea tenure model. The effect of the market economy on the organizational structure and managerial outcomes of each model also is discussed.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Constitution of Food and Allied Workers Union As amended at the Bi-Annual National Conference
- Food and Allied Workers Union (FAWU)
- Authors: Food and Allied Workers Union (FAWU)
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Food and Allied Workers Union
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110099 , vital:33223
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Food and Allied Workers Union (FAWU)
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Food and Allied Workers Union
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/110099 , vital:33223
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Creating a Web-based Spatiotemporal GIS using Java and VRML
- Clayton, Peter G, Wells, George C, Preston, Michael
- Authors: Clayton, Peter G , Wells, George C , Preston, Michael
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433413 , vital:72968 , https://www.learntechlib.org/p/7417/
- Description: This paper presents our approach towards creating a Web-based Spatiotemporal Geographic Information System, in particular, the creation of the spatial data set and the component interaction. It explores the possibility of rendering Virtual GIS Worlds in near real time across the WWW using a standard Web browser as the user interface. A" proof of concept" Web-based VGIS application was developed to investigate methods for the efficient transfer of high-bandwidth multimedia GIS content over the WWW, as well as providing a suitable development environment for research into Web-based Temporal GIS. This paper describes how VRML and Java were used to provide the visualisation of virtual worlds, interaction with individual objects inside the virtual world, and the query tools for adding, deleting, selecting or manipulating these objects or their associated attribute data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Clayton, Peter G , Wells, George C , Preston, Michael
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433413 , vital:72968 , https://www.learntechlib.org/p/7417/
- Description: This paper presents our approach towards creating a Web-based Spatiotemporal Geographic Information System, in particular, the creation of the spatial data set and the component interaction. It explores the possibility of rendering Virtual GIS Worlds in near real time across the WWW using a standard Web browser as the user interface. A" proof of concept" Web-based VGIS application was developed to investigate methods for the efficient transfer of high-bandwidth multimedia GIS content over the WWW, as well as providing a suitable development environment for research into Web-based Temporal GIS. This paper describes how VRML and Java were used to provide the visualisation of virtual worlds, interaction with individual objects inside the virtual world, and the query tools for adding, deleting, selecting or manipulating these objects or their associated attribute data.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Declaration on HIV/AIDS
- Authors: COSATU, SAMWU
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: COSATU, SAMWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162072 , vital:40754
- Description: This Special Congress of COSATU notes the relentless advance of HIV and AIDS since the 1997 Congress. 3,5 million people in South are infected with the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV). Life expectant South Africa will reduce to 40-45 over the next ten years and health care costs will be beyond the cape of survivors to pay for. It is now clear that publicity and condom distribution, though important, are enough. This requires a new approach and strategy, based on a partnership between government and society in which the organised working class should play a leading role.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: COSATU, SAMWU
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: COSATU, SAMWU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162072 , vital:40754
- Description: This Special Congress of COSATU notes the relentless advance of HIV and AIDS since the 1997 Congress. 3,5 million people in South are infected with the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV). Life expectant South Africa will reduce to 40-45 over the next ten years and health care costs will be beyond the cape of survivors to pay for. It is now clear that publicity and condom distribution, though important, are enough. This requires a new approach and strategy, based on a partnership between government and society in which the organised working class should play a leading role.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
DSC screening of potential prochlorperazine-excipient interactions in preformulation studies
- Brown, Michael E, Antunes, Edith M, Glass, Beverley M, Lebete, Mosimotsana L, Walker, Roderick B
- Authors: Brown, Michael E , Antunes, Edith M , Glass, Beverley M , Lebete, Mosimotsana L , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184367 , vital:44212 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010150305542"
- Description: Differential scanning calorimetry was used to examine the thermal behaviour of mixtures of the drug prochlorperazine with standard excipients, to assess potential interactions, and of mixtures with cyclodextrins, to investigate inclusion complexation which could increase the photostability of the drug. For most of the excipients (magnesium stearate, stearic acid, Explotab®, Ac-Di-Sol®, Encompress® and Ludipress®, lactose and Starch 1500) disappearance or broadening of the melting endotherm of the drug indicated interactions. Lubritab® was the only 'inert' excipient tested. Mixtures of prochlorperazine and the cyclodextrins gave incomplete inclusion complexation as shown by only partial disappearance of the melting endotherm of the drug.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Brown, Michael E , Antunes, Edith M , Glass, Beverley M , Lebete, Mosimotsana L , Walker, Roderick B
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/184367 , vital:44212 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010150305542"
- Description: Differential scanning calorimetry was used to examine the thermal behaviour of mixtures of the drug prochlorperazine with standard excipients, to assess potential interactions, and of mixtures with cyclodextrins, to investigate inclusion complexation which could increase the photostability of the drug. For most of the excipients (magnesium stearate, stearic acid, Explotab®, Ac-Di-Sol®, Encompress® and Ludipress®, lactose and Starch 1500) disappearance or broadening of the melting endotherm of the drug indicated interactions. Lubritab® was the only 'inert' excipient tested. Mixtures of prochlorperazine and the cyclodextrins gave incomplete inclusion complexation as shown by only partial disappearance of the melting endotherm of the drug.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Effect of concentration and degree of saturation of topical fluocinonide formulations on in vitro membrane transport and in vivo availability on human skin
- Schwarb, Fabian P, Imanidis, Georgios, Smith, Eric W, Haigh, John M, Surber, Christian
- Authors: Schwarb, Fabian P , Imanidis, Georgios , Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M , Surber, Christian
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6425 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006560
- Description: Purpose. The thermodynamic acitvity of drugs in topical vehicles is considered to significantly influence topical delivery. In vitro diffusion across a synthetic membrane was shown to be correlated to the degree of saturation of the drug in the applied vehicle and therefore offers a potential for increased topical drug delivery. Fluocinonide a topical corticosteroid, was chosen as a model compound to investigate in vitro and in vivo availability from formulations with different degrees of saturation. Methods. Sub-, as well as, supersaturated drug solutions were prepared using PVP as an antinucleant agent. In vitro membrane diffusion experiments across silicone membrane and in vivo pharmacodynamic activity assessments, using the human skin blanching assay, were carried out. Results. Over the concentration range studied, the in vitro membrane transport of fluocinonide was proportional to the degree of saturation of the respective formulations. The in vivo pharmacodynamic response in the human skin blanching assay was related to the concentration of the drug in the vehicle irrespective of the degree of saturation. Conclusions. From the membrane permeation experiment it can be concluded, that the drug flux might be increased supra-proportionally with increasing donor concentration, drug (super-)saturation (proportional), beyond what would be anticipated based on ideal donor concentration and partition coefficient considerations only. These findings could not be confirmed in the in vivo investigation, probably due to additional vehicle effects (e.g., enhancement, irritation, drug binding) which have to be expected and could have altered the integrity of the stratum corneum and therewith topical bioavailability of the drug.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Schwarb, Fabian P , Imanidis, Georgios , Smith, Eric W , Haigh, John M , Surber, Christian
- Date: 1999
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6425 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006560
- Description: Purpose. The thermodynamic acitvity of drugs in topical vehicles is considered to significantly influence topical delivery. In vitro diffusion across a synthetic membrane was shown to be correlated to the degree of saturation of the drug in the applied vehicle and therefore offers a potential for increased topical drug delivery. Fluocinonide a topical corticosteroid, was chosen as a model compound to investigate in vitro and in vivo availability from formulations with different degrees of saturation. Methods. Sub-, as well as, supersaturated drug solutions were prepared using PVP as an antinucleant agent. In vitro membrane diffusion experiments across silicone membrane and in vivo pharmacodynamic activity assessments, using the human skin blanching assay, were carried out. Results. Over the concentration range studied, the in vitro membrane transport of fluocinonide was proportional to the degree of saturation of the respective formulations. The in vivo pharmacodynamic response in the human skin blanching assay was related to the concentration of the drug in the vehicle irrespective of the degree of saturation. Conclusions. From the membrane permeation experiment it can be concluded, that the drug flux might be increased supra-proportionally with increasing donor concentration, drug (super-)saturation (proportional), beyond what would be anticipated based on ideal donor concentration and partition coefficient considerations only. These findings could not be confirmed in the in vivo investigation, probably due to additional vehicle effects (e.g., enhancement, irritation, drug binding) which have to be expected and could have altered the integrity of the stratum corneum and therewith topical bioavailability of the drug.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1999
Employment Equity: An Introductory Workshop for Trade Unionists Organised by the COSATU Education Department
- COSATU
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176014 , vital:42652
- Description: This workshop is designed to give you a reliable introduction the Employment Equity Act. It is based on hard information and on ACTIVITIES or discussion exercises that will help you to understand how the Act works, who it covers, and what the implications are for trade unionists. Each of the Activities is complemented with information that will help you to understand the Act in more detail. Sections have been added to help you find further information, and to understand the terms that are used in the Act itself In a two day programme, you are not going to be an 'expert' on the Employment Equity Act, but we hope that you will feel more confident about using the Act, especially in ensuring that it is used to address a wide range of discriminatory practices at the workplace. As with most legislation, the more that you begin to use it, the more its strengths and weaknesses will emerge. It is very important that any weaknesses in the practical application of the Act are reported through your Union to the Federation. This will help the Federation to campaign for improvements in the legislation, and to close any loopholes that allow employers to avoid their responsibilities. All Labour Legislation, including the new Employment Equity Act should serve as a 'base-line' or minimum standard. Employer and Union observance of the minimum standards as laid down in law should be our starting point. Through collective bargaining and improved Union organisation, we aim to improve upon the standards set by the law, and increase the protection of our members. This is a real challenge. It is especially important for us all to recognise that as we enter into a period where employers are demanding more 'flexibility', the introduction of a new law to correct the legacy of imbalances left by apartheid at the workplace deserves our special attention. We hope this workshop is the first in a series of educational events that will cover this vital new area. The main aim of this workshop is to help you to understand the basic workings of the law, and how best it can be implemented. We also hope this programme encourages you to find out more about Employment Equity issues, and contribute positively to the struggle for the eradication of inequality. This pack is designed for a series of two-day introductory workshops that are being sponsored by COSATU in each region. A workshop of COSATU Educators held in September 1999 helped to assemble the material, and to test its appropriateness. As a result there are a considerable number of educators who can advise, and facilitate this workshop and who can be contacted via COSATU Education Department. We would also be very interested to hear how the pack has been used, and in particular how it can be improved to meet the needs of trade unionists who want to tackle discrimination using the tool of the Employment Equity Act, as well as other organisational means. If you use this pack, feedback would be most welcome.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: COSATU
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: COSATU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/176014 , vital:42652
- Description: This workshop is designed to give you a reliable introduction the Employment Equity Act. It is based on hard information and on ACTIVITIES or discussion exercises that will help you to understand how the Act works, who it covers, and what the implications are for trade unionists. Each of the Activities is complemented with information that will help you to understand the Act in more detail. Sections have been added to help you find further information, and to understand the terms that are used in the Act itself In a two day programme, you are not going to be an 'expert' on the Employment Equity Act, but we hope that you will feel more confident about using the Act, especially in ensuring that it is used to address a wide range of discriminatory practices at the workplace. As with most legislation, the more that you begin to use it, the more its strengths and weaknesses will emerge. It is very important that any weaknesses in the practical application of the Act are reported through your Union to the Federation. This will help the Federation to campaign for improvements in the legislation, and to close any loopholes that allow employers to avoid their responsibilities. All Labour Legislation, including the new Employment Equity Act should serve as a 'base-line' or minimum standard. Employer and Union observance of the minimum standards as laid down in law should be our starting point. Through collective bargaining and improved Union organisation, we aim to improve upon the standards set by the law, and increase the protection of our members. This is a real challenge. It is especially important for us all to recognise that as we enter into a period where employers are demanding more 'flexibility', the introduction of a new law to correct the legacy of imbalances left by apartheid at the workplace deserves our special attention. We hope this workshop is the first in a series of educational events that will cover this vital new area. The main aim of this workshop is to help you to understand the basic workings of the law, and how best it can be implemented. We also hope this programme encourages you to find out more about Employment Equity issues, and contribute positively to the struggle for the eradication of inequality. This pack is designed for a series of two-day introductory workshops that are being sponsored by COSATU in each region. A workshop of COSATU Educators held in September 1999 helped to assemble the material, and to test its appropriateness. As a result there are a considerable number of educators who can advise, and facilitate this workshop and who can be contacted via COSATU Education Department. We would also be very interested to hear how the pack has been used, and in particular how it can be improved to meet the needs of trade unionists who want to tackle discrimination using the tool of the Employment Equity Act, as well as other organisational means. If you use this pack, feedback would be most welcome.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Honeybees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), of equatorial Africa
- Radloff, Sarah E, Hepburn, H Randall
- Authors: Radloff, Sarah E , Hepburn, H Randall
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/451885 , vital:75083 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10213589_364
- Description: Morphometric and flight dimensional characters of worker honeybees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, from equatorial Gabon were analysed by multivariate methods to characterize the population. A single morphocluster and a single flight dimension cluster were obtained. When these bees were grouped together with those of other countries of the region, again a single morphoduster and flight cluster were obtained. All of the outlier samples were previously designated as Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille and completely surround the Gabon samples, establishing the same subspecies membership for the latter. The bees of Gabon are morphometrically more homogeneous than in any other area of Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Radloff, Sarah E , Hepburn, H Randall
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/451885 , vital:75083 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA10213589_364
- Description: Morphometric and flight dimensional characters of worker honeybees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, from equatorial Gabon were analysed by multivariate methods to characterize the population. A single morphocluster and a single flight dimension cluster were obtained. When these bees were grouped together with those of other countries of the region, again a single morphoduster and flight cluster were obtained. All of the outlier samples were previously designated as Apis mellifera adansonii Latreille and completely surround the Gabon samples, establishing the same subspecies membership for the latter. The bees of Gabon are morphometrically more homogeneous than in any other area of Africa.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
Imbongi and griot: toward a comparative analysis of oral poetics in Southern and West Africa
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Folk poetry, African , Oral tradition -- Africa , Folk literature -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59379 , vital:27576 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13696819908717840
- Description: This article takes up the challenge of comparative research in Africa by analysing and comparing the oral art of West African griots and Southern African iimbongi or oral poets. Similarities and differences between these performers and their respective societies are highlighted through the use of an ethnographic methodology. A distinction is drawn between the more traditional performers such as Thiam Anchou and D.L.P. Yali-Manisi, and the more modern performers such as M’Bana Diop, Bongani Sitole and Zolani Mkiva. The rich use of genealogy and history in the more traditional performances is highlighted. In comparing the work of the more contemporary, urban poets such as M’bana Diop of Senegal and Zolani Mkiva from Southern Africa, similarities are found in their performances on post-independence leaders such as Senghor and Mandela. Political pressures which have been brought to bear on the performer are also discussed. This article explores the continuity between the past and the present in relation to aspects such as the following: how performers gain recognition, their continued survival, their relationship with politics and religion, the orality- literacy debate, and the stylistic techniques used by these performers. Wherever possible, examples of performers and their work are provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999
- Authors: Kaschula, Russell H
- Date: 1999
- Subjects: Folk poetry, African , Oral tradition -- Africa , Folk literature -- Africa
- Language: English
- Type: article , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59379 , vital:27576 , https://doi.org/10.1080/13696819908717840
- Description: This article takes up the challenge of comparative research in Africa by analysing and comparing the oral art of West African griots and Southern African iimbongi or oral poets. Similarities and differences between these performers and their respective societies are highlighted through the use of an ethnographic methodology. A distinction is drawn between the more traditional performers such as Thiam Anchou and D.L.P. Yali-Manisi, and the more modern performers such as M’Bana Diop, Bongani Sitole and Zolani Mkiva. The rich use of genealogy and history in the more traditional performances is highlighted. In comparing the work of the more contemporary, urban poets such as M’bana Diop of Senegal and Zolani Mkiva from Southern Africa, similarities are found in their performances on post-independence leaders such as Senghor and Mandela. Political pressures which have been brought to bear on the performer are also discussed. This article explores the continuity between the past and the present in relation to aspects such as the following: how performers gain recognition, their continued survival, their relationship with politics and religion, the orality- literacy debate, and the stylistic techniques used by these performers. Wherever possible, examples of performers and their work are provided.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999