Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding for mothers in the Tswelopele Municipality
- Authors: Quebu, Simthandile Rebecca
- Date: 2020-03
- Subjects: Breastfeeding , Infants -- Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27209 , vital:66466
- Description: The purpose of the study was to assess the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of mothers in the Tswelopele Municipality. The South Africa Demographic and Health survey reported the country’s EBF rates among children below six months of age to be at 32 percent for the year 2016. The World Health Organisation endorses the promotion and protection of the practice of EBF throughout the first six months of life, and the addition of complementary foods at six months coupled with breastfeeding up to two years of age. This feeding practise is recommended as the most efficient feeding practice to save infants from various illnesses and mortality across the globe, irrespective of their mother’s HIV status and economic class. A qualitative, contextual, explorative and descriptive research design was employed for this study to achieve the research objectives. The researcher incorporated both purposive and convenience sampling in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the clinics, and convenience sampling was used to select the participants. Mothers who had infants 6-12 months old who were accessing infant and child health services in the three public health care facilities in the Tswelopele Municipality were a target population. Individual semi-structured interviews were administered, and an audio recorder was utilized to record the interviews with the participants' consent. The researcher throughout this study verbatim transcribed the interview audio tapes, and ethical principles and trustworthiness standards were adhered to. The University of Fort Hare (Ref # 2021=06=12 QuebuS) granted ethical clearance and all participants gave formal consent to voluntarily participate in this research. Tesch's approach for data analysis to open coding in qualitative research was used to analyse the data. Sixteen (16) participants in total took part in this study and the research study was conducted during the whole month of October 2021.During the data analysis, four main themes and thirteen sub-themes emerged, all of which were thoroughly examined. The findings suggest that maternal factors such as extreme pain in the breast, maternal sickness, belief that milk supply is insufficient, lack of EBF knowledge and cultural influences are the key contributors to the success or failure of EBF practice. When mothers have difficulties with breastfeeding, their difficulties can become barriers to EBF. Furthermore, a noteworthy finding is that some participants in this study were eager to breastfeed their babies and maintain EBF for six months; however, their infants had problems that prohibited them from doing so. These issues primarily included infants who refused to breastfeed and breast milk not being tolerated by some infants, as seen by baby vomiting after feeds. It was recommended that breastfeeding education and counselling should be available to mothers and their families from prenatal to postnatal so that they have enough time to make informed infant feeding decisions. Furthermore, an open dialogue with mothers and their families on a realistic understanding of what to expect when they first breastfeed, as well as the exploration of myths, inaccurate information, and concerns can be addressed during the counselling sessions. In conclusion, health professionals should also take into account the culture of mothers, respect cultural customs linked with breastfeeding, and respectfully educate them and their families about traditions that may affect breast-feeding. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-03
- Authors: Quebu, Simthandile Rebecca
- Date: 2020-03
- Subjects: Breastfeeding , Infants -- Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27209 , vital:66466
- Description: The purpose of the study was to assess the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of mothers in the Tswelopele Municipality. The South Africa Demographic and Health survey reported the country’s EBF rates among children below six months of age to be at 32 percent for the year 2016. The World Health Organisation endorses the promotion and protection of the practice of EBF throughout the first six months of life, and the addition of complementary foods at six months coupled with breastfeeding up to two years of age. This feeding practise is recommended as the most efficient feeding practice to save infants from various illnesses and mortality across the globe, irrespective of their mother’s HIV status and economic class. A qualitative, contextual, explorative and descriptive research design was employed for this study to achieve the research objectives. The researcher incorporated both purposive and convenience sampling in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the clinics, and convenience sampling was used to select the participants. Mothers who had infants 6-12 months old who were accessing infant and child health services in the three public health care facilities in the Tswelopele Municipality were a target population. Individual semi-structured interviews were administered, and an audio recorder was utilized to record the interviews with the participants' consent. The researcher throughout this study verbatim transcribed the interview audio tapes, and ethical principles and trustworthiness standards were adhered to. The University of Fort Hare (Ref # 2021=06=12 QuebuS) granted ethical clearance and all participants gave formal consent to voluntarily participate in this research. Tesch's approach for data analysis to open coding in qualitative research was used to analyse the data. Sixteen (16) participants in total took part in this study and the research study was conducted during the whole month of October 2021.During the data analysis, four main themes and thirteen sub-themes emerged, all of which were thoroughly examined. The findings suggest that maternal factors such as extreme pain in the breast, maternal sickness, belief that milk supply is insufficient, lack of EBF knowledge and cultural influences are the key contributors to the success or failure of EBF practice. When mothers have difficulties with breastfeeding, their difficulties can become barriers to EBF. Furthermore, a noteworthy finding is that some participants in this study were eager to breastfeed their babies and maintain EBF for six months; however, their infants had problems that prohibited them from doing so. These issues primarily included infants who refused to breastfeed and breast milk not being tolerated by some infants, as seen by baby vomiting after feeds. It was recommended that breastfeeding education and counselling should be available to mothers and their families from prenatal to postnatal so that they have enough time to make informed infant feeding decisions. Furthermore, an open dialogue with mothers and their families on a realistic understanding of what to expect when they first breastfeed, as well as the exploration of myths, inaccurate information, and concerns can be addressed during the counselling sessions. In conclusion, health professionals should also take into account the culture of mothers, respect cultural customs linked with breastfeeding, and respectfully educate them and their families about traditions that may affect breast-feeding. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-03
Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding for mothers in the Tswelopele Municipality
- Authors: Quebu, Simthandile Rebecca
- Date: 2020-03
- Subjects: Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23589 , vital:58192
- Description: The purpose of the study was to assess the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of mothers in the Tswelopele Municipality. The South Africa Demographic and Health survey reported the country’s EBF rates among children below six months of age to be at 32percent for the year 2016. The World Health Organisation endorses the promotion and protection of the practice of EBF throughout the first six months of life, and the addition of complementary foods at six months coupled with breastfeeding up to two years of age. This feeding practise is recommended as the most efficient feeding practice to save infants from various illnesses and mortality across the globe, irrespective of their mother’s HIV status and economic class. A qualitative, contextual, explorative and descriptive research design was employed for this study to achieve the research objectives. The researcher incorporated both purposive and convenience sampling in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the clinics, and convenience sampling was used to select the participants. Mothers who had infants 6-12 months old who were accessing infant and child health services in the three public health care facilities in the Tswelopele Municipality were a target population. Individual semi-structured interviews were administered, and an audio recorder was utilized to record the interviews with the participants' consent. The researcher throughout this study verbatim transcribed the interview audio tapes, and ethical principles and trustworthiness standards were adhered to. The University of Fort Hare (Ref # 2021=06=12 QuebuS) granted ethical clearance and all participants gave formal consent to voluntarily participate in this research. Tesch's approach for data analysis to open coding in qualitative research was used to analyse the data. Sixteen (16) participants in total took part in this study and the research study was conducted during the whole month of October 2021.During the data analysis, four main themes and thirteen sub-themes emerged, all of which were thoroughly examined. The findings suggest that maternal factors such as extreme pain in the breast, maternal sickness, belief that milk supply is insufficient, lack of EBF knowledge and cultural influences are the key contributors to the success or failure of EBF practice. When mothers have difficulties with breastfeeding, their difficulties can become barriers to EBF. Furthermore, a noteworthy finding is that some participants in this study were eager to breastfeed their babies and maintain EBF for six months; however, their infants had problems that prohibited them from doing so. These issues primarily included infants who refused to breastfeed and breast milk not being tolerated by some infants, as seen by baby vomiting after feeds. It was recommended that breastfeeding education and counselling should be available to mothers and their families from prenatal to postnatal so that they have enough time to make informed infant feeding decisions. Furthermore, an open dialogue with mothers and their families on a realistic understanding of what to expect when they first breastfeed, as well as the exploration of myths, inaccurate information, and concerns can be addressed during the counselling sessions. In conclusion, health professionals should also take into account the culture of mothers, respect cultural customs linked with breastfeeding, and respectfully educate them and their families about traditions that may affect breast-feeding. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-03
- Authors: Quebu, Simthandile Rebecca
- Date: 2020-03
- Subjects: Breastfeeding
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23589 , vital:58192
- Description: The purpose of the study was to assess the barriers to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) of mothers in the Tswelopele Municipality. The South Africa Demographic and Health survey reported the country’s EBF rates among children below six months of age to be at 32percent for the year 2016. The World Health Organisation endorses the promotion and protection of the practice of EBF throughout the first six months of life, and the addition of complementary foods at six months coupled with breastfeeding up to two years of age. This feeding practise is recommended as the most efficient feeding practice to save infants from various illnesses and mortality across the globe, irrespective of their mother’s HIV status and economic class. A qualitative, contextual, explorative and descriptive research design was employed for this study to achieve the research objectives. The researcher incorporated both purposive and convenience sampling in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the clinics, and convenience sampling was used to select the participants. Mothers who had infants 6-12 months old who were accessing infant and child health services in the three public health care facilities in the Tswelopele Municipality were a target population. Individual semi-structured interviews were administered, and an audio recorder was utilized to record the interviews with the participants' consent. The researcher throughout this study verbatim transcribed the interview audio tapes, and ethical principles and trustworthiness standards were adhered to. The University of Fort Hare (Ref # 2021=06=12 QuebuS) granted ethical clearance and all participants gave formal consent to voluntarily participate in this research. Tesch's approach for data analysis to open coding in qualitative research was used to analyse the data. Sixteen (16) participants in total took part in this study and the research study was conducted during the whole month of October 2021.During the data analysis, four main themes and thirteen sub-themes emerged, all of which were thoroughly examined. The findings suggest that maternal factors such as extreme pain in the breast, maternal sickness, belief that milk supply is insufficient, lack of EBF knowledge and cultural influences are the key contributors to the success or failure of EBF practice. When mothers have difficulties with breastfeeding, their difficulties can become barriers to EBF. Furthermore, a noteworthy finding is that some participants in this study were eager to breastfeed their babies and maintain EBF for six months; however, their infants had problems that prohibited them from doing so. These issues primarily included infants who refused to breastfeed and breast milk not being tolerated by some infants, as seen by baby vomiting after feeds. It was recommended that breastfeeding education and counselling should be available to mothers and their families from prenatal to postnatal so that they have enough time to make informed infant feeding decisions. Furthermore, an open dialogue with mothers and their families on a realistic understanding of what to expect when they first breastfeed, as well as the exploration of myths, inaccurate information, and concerns can be addressed during the counselling sessions. In conclusion, health professionals should also take into account the culture of mothers, respect cultural customs linked with breastfeeding, and respectfully educate them and their families about traditions that may affect breast-feeding. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-03
Exploring knowledge, attitudes and psychosocial experiences of health care workers regarding covid-19 in Bufalo City municipality
- Authors: Notununu, Zintle
- Date: 2020-03
- Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease) , Medical personnel
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27028 , vital:66231
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the knowledge, attitude and psychosocial experiences of health care workers regarding Covid-19 in Buffalo City Municipality. Covid-19 is a disease that attacks the respiratory system and functions. It is a highly infectious disease with a lengthy 5-6 sometimes even 14-day incubation period. It is very serious condition and has killed a lot of people including the Health Care Workers A qualitative descriptive explorative contextual design was employed in this research study. The design was relevant for this study to explore and describe the knowledge, attitude, and psychosocial experiences of health workers regarding Covid-19 in Buffalo City Municipality. The non-probability sampling method was used and a convenient sampling technique was used to select the participants. Professional nurses who met the criteria and who were on duty on the day of data collection were included in the study. The researcher interviewed 15 professional nurses and stopped as the data was saturated. A semi-structured Interview guide was used as an instrument to collect data containing open-ended questions. The researcher maintained ethical principles throughout the study. Concepts of trustworthiness of the study were applied throughout the research. Tech’s eight steps approach was used to guide the data analysis process. The findings of this study indicate that health care workers have a high level of knowledge about Covid-19. They know what Covid-19 is, how it started, its signs and symptoms, how to protect themselves from it and its complications. Negative attitudes, fears were noticed from the HCWs and thus the need for psychological support was identified. Feelings of neglect and lack of motivation were also identified. Psychological support for health care workers must be provided to prevent staff burnout. Personal Protective Equipment used in the hospital premises must be left and washed in the hospital laundry to prevent the spread of infection to the families of the HCWs. It was indicated that there are health care workers who experienced chronic illnesses after being diagnosed with Covid-19. These chronic illnesses include diabetes and high blood pressure. It was brought to light that myths circulating on the social media about Covid-19 vaccines are delaying the end of Covid-19 epidemic by putting the health care workers at risk of being infected with it as they will be expected to treat patients diagnosed with Covid-19; therefore, government should develop a policy that will limit people from spreading things that they are not true and cannot prove. In conclusion, community awareness and forced vaccination are recommended to end the Covid-19 virus. Monitory incentives should be provided to motivate health care workers. Their overtime that they have worked during Covid-19 must be paid. The Department of Health and hospital managers must make sure that working conditions are improved. This includes the availability of machines to test for Covid-19. More research needs to be done to find out why some people who were diagnosed with Covid-19 end up having chronic illnesses that they never had previously. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-03
- Authors: Notununu, Zintle
- Date: 2020-03
- Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease) , Medical personnel
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27028 , vital:66231
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the knowledge, attitude and psychosocial experiences of health care workers regarding Covid-19 in Buffalo City Municipality. Covid-19 is a disease that attacks the respiratory system and functions. It is a highly infectious disease with a lengthy 5-6 sometimes even 14-day incubation period. It is very serious condition and has killed a lot of people including the Health Care Workers A qualitative descriptive explorative contextual design was employed in this research study. The design was relevant for this study to explore and describe the knowledge, attitude, and psychosocial experiences of health workers regarding Covid-19 in Buffalo City Municipality. The non-probability sampling method was used and a convenient sampling technique was used to select the participants. Professional nurses who met the criteria and who were on duty on the day of data collection were included in the study. The researcher interviewed 15 professional nurses and stopped as the data was saturated. A semi-structured Interview guide was used as an instrument to collect data containing open-ended questions. The researcher maintained ethical principles throughout the study. Concepts of trustworthiness of the study were applied throughout the research. Tech’s eight steps approach was used to guide the data analysis process. The findings of this study indicate that health care workers have a high level of knowledge about Covid-19. They know what Covid-19 is, how it started, its signs and symptoms, how to protect themselves from it and its complications. Negative attitudes, fears were noticed from the HCWs and thus the need for psychological support was identified. Feelings of neglect and lack of motivation were also identified. Psychological support for health care workers must be provided to prevent staff burnout. Personal Protective Equipment used in the hospital premises must be left and washed in the hospital laundry to prevent the spread of infection to the families of the HCWs. It was indicated that there are health care workers who experienced chronic illnesses after being diagnosed with Covid-19. These chronic illnesses include diabetes and high blood pressure. It was brought to light that myths circulating on the social media about Covid-19 vaccines are delaying the end of Covid-19 epidemic by putting the health care workers at risk of being infected with it as they will be expected to treat patients diagnosed with Covid-19; therefore, government should develop a policy that will limit people from spreading things that they are not true and cannot prove. In conclusion, community awareness and forced vaccination are recommended to end the Covid-19 virus. Monitory incentives should be provided to motivate health care workers. Their overtime that they have worked during Covid-19 must be paid. The Department of Health and hospital managers must make sure that working conditions are improved. This includes the availability of machines to test for Covid-19. More research needs to be done to find out why some people who were diagnosed with Covid-19 end up having chronic illnesses that they never had previously. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Science, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-03
Exploring knowledge, attitudes and psychosocial experiences of health care workers regarding covid-19 in Bufalo City Municipality
- Authors: Notununu, Zintle
- Date: 2020-03
- Subjects: Medical personnel and patient , Health services administration , COVID-19 (Disease)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23545 , vital:58122
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the knowledge, attitude and psychosocial experiences of health care workers regarding Covid-19 in Buffalo City Municipality. Covid-19 is a disease that attacks the respiratory system and functions. It is a highly infectious disease with a lengthy 5-6 sometimes even 14-day incubation period. It is very serious condition and has killed a lot of people including the Health Care Workers A qualitative descriptive explorative contextual design was employed in this research study. The design was relevant for this study to explore and describe the knowledge, attitude, and psychosocial experiences of health workers regarding Covid-19 in Buffalo City Municipality. The non-probability sampling method was used and a convenient sampling technique was used to select the participants. Professional nurses who met the criteria and who were on duty on the day of data collection were included in the study. The researcher interviewed 15 professional nurses and stopped as the data was saturated. A semi-structured Interview guide was used as an instrument to collect data containing open-ended questions. The researcher maintained ethical principles throughout the study. Concepts of trustworthiness of the study were applied throughout the research. Tech’s eight steps approach was used to guide the data analysis process. The findings of this study indicate that health care workers have a high level of knowledge about Covid-19. They know what Covid-19 is, how it started, its signs and symptoms, how to protect themselves from it and its complications. Negative attitudes, fears were noticed from the HCWs and thus the need for psychological support was identified. Feelings of neglect and lack of motivation were also identified. Psychological support for health care workers must be provided to prevent staff burnout. Personal Protective Equipment used in the hospital premises must be left and washed in the hospital laundry to prevent the spread of infection to the families of the HCWs. It was indicated that there are health care workers who experienced chronic illnesses after being diagnosed with Covid-19. These chronic illnesses include diabetes and high blood pressure. It was brought to light that myths circulating on the social media about Covid-19 vaccines are delaying the end of Covid-19 epidemic by putting the health care workers at risk of being infected with it as they will be expected to treat patients diagnosed with Covid-19; therefore, government should develop a policy that will limit people from spreading things that they are not true and cannot prove. In conclusion, community awareness and forced vaccination are recommended to end the Covid-19 virus. Monitory incentives should be provided to motivate health care workers. Their overtime that they have worked during Covid-19 must be paid. The Department of Health and hospital managers must make sure that working conditions are improved. This includes the availability of machines to test for Covid-19. More research needs to be done to find out why some people who were diagnosed with Covid-19 end up having chronic illnesses that they never had previously. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-03
- Authors: Notununu, Zintle
- Date: 2020-03
- Subjects: Medical personnel and patient , Health services administration , COVID-19 (Disease)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23545 , vital:58122
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the knowledge, attitude and psychosocial experiences of health care workers regarding Covid-19 in Buffalo City Municipality. Covid-19 is a disease that attacks the respiratory system and functions. It is a highly infectious disease with a lengthy 5-6 sometimes even 14-day incubation period. It is very serious condition and has killed a lot of people including the Health Care Workers A qualitative descriptive explorative contextual design was employed in this research study. The design was relevant for this study to explore and describe the knowledge, attitude, and psychosocial experiences of health workers regarding Covid-19 in Buffalo City Municipality. The non-probability sampling method was used and a convenient sampling technique was used to select the participants. Professional nurses who met the criteria and who were on duty on the day of data collection were included in the study. The researcher interviewed 15 professional nurses and stopped as the data was saturated. A semi-structured Interview guide was used as an instrument to collect data containing open-ended questions. The researcher maintained ethical principles throughout the study. Concepts of trustworthiness of the study were applied throughout the research. Tech’s eight steps approach was used to guide the data analysis process. The findings of this study indicate that health care workers have a high level of knowledge about Covid-19. They know what Covid-19 is, how it started, its signs and symptoms, how to protect themselves from it and its complications. Negative attitudes, fears were noticed from the HCWs and thus the need for psychological support was identified. Feelings of neglect and lack of motivation were also identified. Psychological support for health care workers must be provided to prevent staff burnout. Personal Protective Equipment used in the hospital premises must be left and washed in the hospital laundry to prevent the spread of infection to the families of the HCWs. It was indicated that there are health care workers who experienced chronic illnesses after being diagnosed with Covid-19. These chronic illnesses include diabetes and high blood pressure. It was brought to light that myths circulating on the social media about Covid-19 vaccines are delaying the end of Covid-19 epidemic by putting the health care workers at risk of being infected with it as they will be expected to treat patients diagnosed with Covid-19; therefore, government should develop a policy that will limit people from spreading things that they are not true and cannot prove. In conclusion, community awareness and forced vaccination are recommended to end the Covid-19 virus. Monitory incentives should be provided to motivate health care workers. Their overtime that they have worked during Covid-19 must be paid. The Department of Health and hospital managers must make sure that working conditions are improved. This includes the availability of machines to test for Covid-19. More research needs to be done to find out why some people who were diagnosed with Covid-19 end up having chronic illnesses that they never had previously. , Thesis (MPH) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020-03
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