An analysis of the design of evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System
- Authors: Segopolo, Morakane Jocobeth
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Quality control , Educational evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23448 , vital:57735
- Description: Globally, the development of evaluation standards and related quality assurance measures for managing and assessing evaluation quality has been the focus of much debate in the evaluation community. Especially in the current context of COVID 19, validating the quality of evaluation and research evidence to respond to the global pandemic and to socio-economic development has become more relevant. The question of evaluation quality has also become important in South Africa. This has resulted in a need for a National Evaluation System to manage the quality of the evaluation process and outputs; so that critical stakeholders can trust and use the evaluation evidence to measure performance and accountability of government. The South African National Evaluation System through the National Evaluation Policy Framework (NEPF) was adopted by Cabinet to guide the development and management of systemic and institutional evaluation policy and practice. This research responds to the conceptual gap in the design of the evaluation standards. The purpose of the research study is to analyse the design of evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System (NES). The research objectives of the study were: To analyse the design of evaluation standard in the South African National Evaluation System against international evaluation normative frameworks, To assess the theory underpinning the evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System. A qualitative research approach using a semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the eight respondents. The participants included in the sample were those who played a meaningful role in the design and application of the evaluation standards and the Evaluation Quality Assessment Tool (EQAT) of the NES. Content and thematic analysis were used to process and analyse the empirical data. The research study produced the following key findings. The design of the national evaluation standards as a component of the South African National Evaluation System was technically and conceptually clear about its context, rationale, purpose and its claims to manage the evaluation process to promote evaluation quality. Although most national evaluation standards of the NES were consistent with international frameworks, both national and international standards did not adequately address the development and transformative issues such as equity, diversity and inclusion. Finally, the discourse of paradigms was absent in the design of the standards. The national evaluation standards did not explicitly show the influence of the paradigm on methodological approaches, evaluation designs and methods. This theoretical gap is also evident in most of the international frameworks that the national standards were benchmarked against. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Segopolo, Morakane Jocobeth
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Quality control , Educational evaluation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23448 , vital:57735
- Description: Globally, the development of evaluation standards and related quality assurance measures for managing and assessing evaluation quality has been the focus of much debate in the evaluation community. Especially in the current context of COVID 19, validating the quality of evaluation and research evidence to respond to the global pandemic and to socio-economic development has become more relevant. The question of evaluation quality has also become important in South Africa. This has resulted in a need for a National Evaluation System to manage the quality of the evaluation process and outputs; so that critical stakeholders can trust and use the evaluation evidence to measure performance and accountability of government. The South African National Evaluation System through the National Evaluation Policy Framework (NEPF) was adopted by Cabinet to guide the development and management of systemic and institutional evaluation policy and practice. This research responds to the conceptual gap in the design of the evaluation standards. The purpose of the research study is to analyse the design of evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System (NES). The research objectives of the study were: To analyse the design of evaluation standard in the South African National Evaluation System against international evaluation normative frameworks, To assess the theory underpinning the evaluation standards in the South African National Evaluation System. A qualitative research approach using a semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the eight respondents. The participants included in the sample were those who played a meaningful role in the design and application of the evaluation standards and the Evaluation Quality Assessment Tool (EQAT) of the NES. Content and thematic analysis were used to process and analyse the empirical data. The research study produced the following key findings. The design of the national evaluation standards as a component of the South African National Evaluation System was technically and conceptually clear about its context, rationale, purpose and its claims to manage the evaluation process to promote evaluation quality. Although most national evaluation standards of the NES were consistent with international frameworks, both national and international standards did not adequately address the development and transformative issues such as equity, diversity and inclusion. Finally, the discourse of paradigms was absent in the design of the standards. The national evaluation standards did not explicitly show the influence of the paradigm on methodological approaches, evaluation designs and methods. This theoretical gap is also evident in most of the international frameworks that the national standards were benchmarked against. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
From the lens of isiXhosa female writers: female protagonists and the use of non-conformity in challenging gender roles in the post liberation isixhosa literature
- Authors: Zeleni, Olwethu
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Women in literature , Feminism and literature , Xhosa literature
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23840 , vital:60915
- Description: This dissertation explored the way women are presented in five isiXhosa literary works by female writers in post independence South Africa, with particular focus on how non-conformity is used to challenge gender roles. The study analysed two novels entitled Iqhina lomtshato (1995) by Nomlamli Mayosi and Uzenzile akakhalelwa (2016) by Yolisa Madolo, as well as four drama books titled Nyana nank’unyoko (1997) by Yoliswa Taleni, Akwaba (2004) by Thenjiswa Ntwana, Hamba nam ndipheleke and Imida (2015) by Nompumezo Buzani. Structural, Afrocentrism and African feminism were used to guide the study. The structural theory gave the researcher to review language contructs in relation to gender, African feminism and Afrocentrism gave the researcher the lenses to view gender issues within the African context, in line with the peculiar challenges that women continue to face in the content. Another important factor which is the focus of the study is the depiction of women by female writers, in order to challenge the roles that are given to women. The question that one ask then is: How do female writers lend their voices to female characters to address gender issues in society, with particular focus on gender roles? This thesis argues that the five isiXhosa female writers, who are contemporary African women writers, have noticed gender related assumptions and in their works, they are making an attempt to debunk these assumptions. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the existing debates on gender and division of labour. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Zeleni, Olwethu
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Women in literature , Feminism and literature , Xhosa literature
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23840 , vital:60915
- Description: This dissertation explored the way women are presented in five isiXhosa literary works by female writers in post independence South Africa, with particular focus on how non-conformity is used to challenge gender roles. The study analysed two novels entitled Iqhina lomtshato (1995) by Nomlamli Mayosi and Uzenzile akakhalelwa (2016) by Yolisa Madolo, as well as four drama books titled Nyana nank’unyoko (1997) by Yoliswa Taleni, Akwaba (2004) by Thenjiswa Ntwana, Hamba nam ndipheleke and Imida (2015) by Nompumezo Buzani. Structural, Afrocentrism and African feminism were used to guide the study. The structural theory gave the researcher to review language contructs in relation to gender, African feminism and Afrocentrism gave the researcher the lenses to view gender issues within the African context, in line with the peculiar challenges that women continue to face in the content. Another important factor which is the focus of the study is the depiction of women by female writers, in order to challenge the roles that are given to women. The question that one ask then is: How do female writers lend their voices to female characters to address gender issues in society, with particular focus on gender roles? This thesis argues that the five isiXhosa female writers, who are contemporary African women writers, have noticed gender related assumptions and in their works, they are making an attempt to debunk these assumptions. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the existing debates on gender and division of labour. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
Images of black women during the period of slavery: perspectives from selected African American female authored texts
- Authors: Makwela, Nombeko B
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Slavery , Enslaved women , Enslaved persons' writings
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27117 , vital:66304
- Description: The study sought to interrogate the narratives of Black African-American women during the period of slavery. It analysed three literary works written by women, namely The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1992), Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs (1988) and Beloved by Toni Morrison (1987). The plot is on all the horrors, inhumanity, degradation, the sexual abuse, struggles and social injustices that the African-American women were subjected to under slavery. The study employed a case study design, as it analysed the three selected literary works. Critical analysis and close reading were employed to arrive at themes. The study not only illuminated the harsh reality of the experiences of African-American women, but it has also revealed the harrowing conditions that they encountered. These women suffered immensely under the yoke of dual oppression. Their horrors varied in gravity in the form of beatings and lynching, sexual abuse, having their children taken from them to be auctioned off, loss of identity and loss of human dignity among the countless social injustices they experienced. The study used the psychoanalytic feminist theory as a theoretical lens. Through the depiction of women in slavery in the literary works of Toni Morrison, Harriet Jacobs and Alice Walker, the case study approach revealed that women are resilient. Contrary to portrayals of women under the stereotyped labelling of women as wanton or promiscuous, with no virtues or principles, the female characters in the three novels are victims of slavery and patriarchy. In Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, the women characters, namely Celie, Squeak and Shug Avery, are not in the least immoral, nor do they lack virtues or principles; they are, as the analysis shows, self-loving women that have been victims of dual oppression. In Toni Morrison’s Beloved, the love of a mother for her children drives Sethe to commit infanticide, believing this to be the better option than allowing her children to suffer and endure the horrors of slavery. In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Jacobs chooses to use her feminine sexuality to align herself to one man, Mr Sands, and her intelligence to stay in this relationship is her escape and deterrent strategy against the lecherous sexual exploitations by other white masters. She ends up bearing two children for this same man, reflecting her stability as a self-loving woman who was not wayward. Findings established that even through all the plights of slavery, African-American women made difficult yet relevant choices under the twin yokes of slavery and patriarchy. They may have been subjected or compelled to make morally unsavoury choices or to compromise on their principles for survival or succumb under situations that reduced them to being victims or sacrificial lambs for the satisfaction of the slave owners, but they never lacked principles and they were not promiscuous. The will to survive drove the women in the narratives to design and adopt survival strategies to sustain their livelihoods. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Makwela, Nombeko B
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Slavery , Enslaved women , Enslaved persons' writings
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27117 , vital:66304
- Description: The study sought to interrogate the narratives of Black African-American women during the period of slavery. It analysed three literary works written by women, namely The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1992), Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs (1988) and Beloved by Toni Morrison (1987). The plot is on all the horrors, inhumanity, degradation, the sexual abuse, struggles and social injustices that the African-American women were subjected to under slavery. The study employed a case study design, as it analysed the three selected literary works. Critical analysis and close reading were employed to arrive at themes. The study not only illuminated the harsh reality of the experiences of African-American women, but it has also revealed the harrowing conditions that they encountered. These women suffered immensely under the yoke of dual oppression. Their horrors varied in gravity in the form of beatings and lynching, sexual abuse, having their children taken from them to be auctioned off, loss of identity and loss of human dignity among the countless social injustices they experienced. The study used the psychoanalytic feminist theory as a theoretical lens. Through the depiction of women in slavery in the literary works of Toni Morrison, Harriet Jacobs and Alice Walker, the case study approach revealed that women are resilient. Contrary to portrayals of women under the stereotyped labelling of women as wanton or promiscuous, with no virtues or principles, the female characters in the three novels are victims of slavery and patriarchy. In Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, the women characters, namely Celie, Squeak and Shug Avery, are not in the least immoral, nor do they lack virtues or principles; they are, as the analysis shows, self-loving women that have been victims of dual oppression. In Toni Morrison’s Beloved, the love of a mother for her children drives Sethe to commit infanticide, believing this to be the better option than allowing her children to suffer and endure the horrors of slavery. In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Jacobs chooses to use her feminine sexuality to align herself to one man, Mr Sands, and her intelligence to stay in this relationship is her escape and deterrent strategy against the lecherous sexual exploitations by other white masters. She ends up bearing two children for this same man, reflecting her stability as a self-loving woman who was not wayward. Findings established that even through all the plights of slavery, African-American women made difficult yet relevant choices under the twin yokes of slavery and patriarchy. They may have been subjected or compelled to make morally unsavoury choices or to compromise on their principles for survival or succumb under situations that reduced them to being victims or sacrificial lambs for the satisfaction of the slave owners, but they never lacked principles and they were not promiscuous. The will to survive drove the women in the narratives to design and adopt survival strategies to sustain their livelihoods. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
Intellectual capital, organisation capabilities and business performance among small businesses
- Stamper, Sakhumzi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-2944
- Authors: Stamper, Sakhumzi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-2944
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Small business -- Technological innovations , Performance technology , Management information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28861 , vital:75152
- Description: This study was aimed at testing an intellectual capital-structural model and ascertaining the role of organisational capabilities on business performance in ICT-based small businesses in South Africa. The extant literature indicated that intellectual capital is a knowledge-related intangible assets which is rooted in an organisation that comprises intellectual property, intellectual competences and intellectual resources. Theoretically, the relationship between organisational knowledge and business performance is embedded in organisational learning because a lot of small businesses gain more knowledge from customers for the purposes of improving their sales and profits. The study used a quantitative approach and it was conducted on 261 owners/ managers of ICT-small businesses using a convenience sampling method. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and also structural equation modelling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tools for data analysis and testing relationships between variables were used. The study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge management capability and human capital. Additionally, the study discovered that innovation capability and business performance had a significant positive relationship. The study also revealed and confirmed that intellectual capital mediates the relationship between learning capability and business performance. Both the measurement and structural model fit indices showed reasonable goodness of fit indices. The findings of the study contributed to the literature of intellectual capital by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between organisational capabilities and performance. Together, the insights from this research underscored the importance of managing IC effectively with its components and prioritising the value of OC in order to comprehend the necessity for optimising firm performance. Lastly, this was the first study to test the mediating role of intellectual capital in the relationship between organisational capability and performance on ICT-based small businesses in a developing country. , Thesis (DBM) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Stamper, Sakhumzi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-2944
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Small business -- Technological innovations , Performance technology , Management information systems
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28861 , vital:75152
- Description: This study was aimed at testing an intellectual capital-structural model and ascertaining the role of organisational capabilities on business performance in ICT-based small businesses in South Africa. The extant literature indicated that intellectual capital is a knowledge-related intangible assets which is rooted in an organisation that comprises intellectual property, intellectual competences and intellectual resources. Theoretically, the relationship between organisational knowledge and business performance is embedded in organisational learning because a lot of small businesses gain more knowledge from customers for the purposes of improving their sales and profits. The study used a quantitative approach and it was conducted on 261 owners/ managers of ICT-small businesses using a convenience sampling method. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and also structural equation modelling (SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tools for data analysis and testing relationships between variables were used. The study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge management capability and human capital. Additionally, the study discovered that innovation capability and business performance had a significant positive relationship. The study also revealed and confirmed that intellectual capital mediates the relationship between learning capability and business performance. Both the measurement and structural model fit indices showed reasonable goodness of fit indices. The findings of the study contributed to the literature of intellectual capital by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between organisational capabilities and performance. Together, the insights from this research underscored the importance of managing IC effectively with its components and prioritising the value of OC in order to comprehend the necessity for optimising firm performance. Lastly, this was the first study to test the mediating role of intellectual capital in the relationship between organisational capability and performance on ICT-based small businesses in a developing country. , Thesis (DBM) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
Soil erodibility indices affecting the development of gully erosion in highly erodible soils of the Tsitsa Catchment in T35D and T35E, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Kanuka, Gcobisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-7136
- Authors: Kanuka, Gcobisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-7136
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Soil erosion , River sediments
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22677 , vital:52642
- Description: This study evaluated soil inherent properties for the development of gullies and their erodibility potential using the holistic field and laboratory sample investigation approach. The potential of negative impact of sedimentation on dam and water infrastructure performance has raised the need to evaluate the factors promoting soil erosion leading to land degradation. The study aimed to assess the relationship among the selected properties of soil and variability among various soil groups. A case study design approach was adopted at the T35D and T35E areas of Tsitsa hydrologic Basin, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The task was accomplished through detailed random soil sampling in the field, soil chemical analysis and comparative analysis of soil variables. Based on the scope of the study soil laboratory analysis included the following: particle size distribution, soil textural analysis, physicochemical parameters analysis, macro-and-micronutrient analysis, and micro-porosity analysis. Further spatial and scenario analysis of soil erodibility was done using selected erodibility indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), Dispersivity Ratio (DR), Clay Dispersion Ratio (CDR), Clay Flocculation Index (CFI), Water-Stable Aggregate analysis (WSA), and Soil Erodibility factor analysis (KEF). The findings of the study showed that the catchment hosts sixteen distinct soil forms categorized into seven unique soil groups. The results further indicated that the Katspruit soil form of the gleyic soil group has the highest clay-size particles and a considerably high clay dispersion attribute among others soil forms. It was further deduced that gleyic soil type exhibited the highest soil pH (6.36), a considerably low Ca:Mg ratio (1.43), a substantially high sodium ion (0.50 mg/kg), the highest SAR (0.5), lowest WSA (0.018percent) and a substantially high KEF (0.018ab). Similarly, saprolite soils exhibited the nature of the lixisol with a virtually equal amount of clay (43.63percent) and fine sands (41.68percent), the lowest amount of Ca:Mg ratio (1.35), the highest acid saturation (50.59), the highest ESP (8.39), and a considerably high WSA (38.75). Other remarkable problematic soils identified in the study include the lithic soil and the duplex soil. For instance, the Lithic soil is characterized by the highest fine sand-size texture (61.38percent), considerably low organic carbon (2.63percent), low cation exchange capacity (3.55 cmol(+)/kg), much high DR (0.75), very low WSA (0.027percent), and the highest KEF (0.027a). Whereas, the duplex soil is characterized by the highest DR (0.81), critically high CDR (38.19percent), very low WSA (0.019percent), and a considerably high KEF (0.019a). The relatively stable soils within the catchment are the oxidic, and melanic, where the WSA is highest in oxidic (38.19percent) and relatively high for melanic (36.6percent), CFI is highest in melanic (85.02percent), and oxidic (74.32percent), and KEF is relatively low (0.016b) for both. Correlation of the selected soil erodibility indices shows that CFI shares a perfect inverse relationship with CDR while maintaining a strong significant relationship with DR (R = -0.504). Findings also show that the SAR expectedly produced a robust significant relationship with ESP (R = 0.644), while KEF exhibited a solid inverse relationship with WSA (R = 0.913). The correlation across the physical and chemical properties suggests that DR and CDR can be firmly and positively influenced by dispersive clay. At the same time, the two factors maintain a significantly negative relationship with dispersive sand. Also, clay-sized particles depicted a significant relationship with WSA. Physicochemical and chemical parameters influence only the ESP and SAR. A remarkable finding is the influence of iron and its presence on SAR. On the other hand, ESP was distinguished from SAR due to the inverse influence of potassium. The lithic soils identify as members of the collapsible soil of South Africa, while the gleyic soils identify with duplex and saprolite soils in the class of dispersive soils. The vertic soils characterize as expansive soil, while the Duplex soil also exhibits a soft soil attribute. In general, the study suggests that T35D and T35E areas of Tsitsa catchment vary spatially in soil erodibility potential. T35D area is characterized by dominant oxidic soil cover of relatively stable aggregate whose iron oxide enrichment could be attributed to inculcation of dolerite debris. Overall, the soil erodibility indices showed that the development of gully erosion in Tsitsa catchment is driven by high clay dispersivity ratio of the soil (mean = 0.70; 24percent CV), and poor soil structure relative to the low WSA range (18.1 – 34.0). Erodibility due to high sodicity are associated with saprolite (ESP = 8.02) and gleyic soils (ESP = 7.43) while the high soil dispersion was due to the vertic (46percent), duplex (38percent), cumulic (30percent), and lithic (27percent) soil components. The poor soil aggregates (WSA) were mainly controlled by the lithic (10percent), vertic (27percent), duplex (28percent), cumulic (31percent), and gleyic (34percent) soil components. Meanwhile, the T35E area is dominated by the dispersive and collapsible soils dominated by saprolites and lithic soils. Therefore, the environmental stakeholders are advised to adopt the best management practices within the dam area considering the vulnerability of the catchment to the development of gullies and the potential impact of sedimentation on the adequate performance of Tsitsa dam and its water infrastructures. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Kanuka, Gcobisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-7136
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Soil erosion , River sediments
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22677 , vital:52642
- Description: This study evaluated soil inherent properties for the development of gullies and their erodibility potential using the holistic field and laboratory sample investigation approach. The potential of negative impact of sedimentation on dam and water infrastructure performance has raised the need to evaluate the factors promoting soil erosion leading to land degradation. The study aimed to assess the relationship among the selected properties of soil and variability among various soil groups. A case study design approach was adopted at the T35D and T35E areas of Tsitsa hydrologic Basin, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The task was accomplished through detailed random soil sampling in the field, soil chemical analysis and comparative analysis of soil variables. Based on the scope of the study soil laboratory analysis included the following: particle size distribution, soil textural analysis, physicochemical parameters analysis, macro-and-micronutrient analysis, and micro-porosity analysis. Further spatial and scenario analysis of soil erodibility was done using selected erodibility indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), Dispersivity Ratio (DR), Clay Dispersion Ratio (CDR), Clay Flocculation Index (CFI), Water-Stable Aggregate analysis (WSA), and Soil Erodibility factor analysis (KEF). The findings of the study showed that the catchment hosts sixteen distinct soil forms categorized into seven unique soil groups. The results further indicated that the Katspruit soil form of the gleyic soil group has the highest clay-size particles and a considerably high clay dispersion attribute among others soil forms. It was further deduced that gleyic soil type exhibited the highest soil pH (6.36), a considerably low Ca:Mg ratio (1.43), a substantially high sodium ion (0.50 mg/kg), the highest SAR (0.5), lowest WSA (0.018percent) and a substantially high KEF (0.018ab). Similarly, saprolite soils exhibited the nature of the lixisol with a virtually equal amount of clay (43.63percent) and fine sands (41.68percent), the lowest amount of Ca:Mg ratio (1.35), the highest acid saturation (50.59), the highest ESP (8.39), and a considerably high WSA (38.75). Other remarkable problematic soils identified in the study include the lithic soil and the duplex soil. For instance, the Lithic soil is characterized by the highest fine sand-size texture (61.38percent), considerably low organic carbon (2.63percent), low cation exchange capacity (3.55 cmol(+)/kg), much high DR (0.75), very low WSA (0.027percent), and the highest KEF (0.027a). Whereas, the duplex soil is characterized by the highest DR (0.81), critically high CDR (38.19percent), very low WSA (0.019percent), and a considerably high KEF (0.019a). The relatively stable soils within the catchment are the oxidic, and melanic, where the WSA is highest in oxidic (38.19percent) and relatively high for melanic (36.6percent), CFI is highest in melanic (85.02percent), and oxidic (74.32percent), and KEF is relatively low (0.016b) for both. Correlation of the selected soil erodibility indices shows that CFI shares a perfect inverse relationship with CDR while maintaining a strong significant relationship with DR (R = -0.504). Findings also show that the SAR expectedly produced a robust significant relationship with ESP (R = 0.644), while KEF exhibited a solid inverse relationship with WSA (R = 0.913). The correlation across the physical and chemical properties suggests that DR and CDR can be firmly and positively influenced by dispersive clay. At the same time, the two factors maintain a significantly negative relationship with dispersive sand. Also, clay-sized particles depicted a significant relationship with WSA. Physicochemical and chemical parameters influence only the ESP and SAR. A remarkable finding is the influence of iron and its presence on SAR. On the other hand, ESP was distinguished from SAR due to the inverse influence of potassium. The lithic soils identify as members of the collapsible soil of South Africa, while the gleyic soils identify with duplex and saprolite soils in the class of dispersive soils. The vertic soils characterize as expansive soil, while the Duplex soil also exhibits a soft soil attribute. In general, the study suggests that T35D and T35E areas of Tsitsa catchment vary spatially in soil erodibility potential. T35D area is characterized by dominant oxidic soil cover of relatively stable aggregate whose iron oxide enrichment could be attributed to inculcation of dolerite debris. Overall, the soil erodibility indices showed that the development of gully erosion in Tsitsa catchment is driven by high clay dispersivity ratio of the soil (mean = 0.70; 24percent CV), and poor soil structure relative to the low WSA range (18.1 – 34.0). Erodibility due to high sodicity are associated with saprolite (ESP = 8.02) and gleyic soils (ESP = 7.43) while the high soil dispersion was due to the vertic (46percent), duplex (38percent), cumulic (30percent), and lithic (27percent) soil components. The poor soil aggregates (WSA) were mainly controlled by the lithic (10percent), vertic (27percent), duplex (28percent), cumulic (31percent), and gleyic (34percent) soil components. Meanwhile, the T35E area is dominated by the dispersive and collapsible soils dominated by saprolites and lithic soils. Therefore, the environmental stakeholders are advised to adopt the best management practices within the dam area considering the vulnerability of the catchment to the development of gullies and the potential impact of sedimentation on the adequate performance of Tsitsa dam and its water infrastructures. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
Standards for the admission of forensic scientific evidence in criminal trials through an expert: Lessons and guidelines for South Africa
- Chetty, Nasholan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-5831
- Authors: Chetty, Nasholan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-5831
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Evidence, Expert , Forensic sciences , Crime scene searches
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22467 , vital:52324
- Description: Forensic evidence has always captured the imagination of the public and legal fraternity since science entered the courtroom. The first case of forensic science was heard in the matter of John Boodle in 1832, and criminal courts have now come accustomed to hearing a variety of matters that have some form of forensic science evidence in them. Television shows like Crime Scene Investigation and Making a Murderer has heightened the expectation that is placed on the sciences and the ease of which a conviction can be secured or a suspect apprehended. The spate of wrongful convictions that have been overturned, particularly in the United States of America has raised serious questions regarding the use of forensic evidence in courts. Moreover, the people “in-charge” or the so-called experts for providing this analysis’s have come under intense scrutiny. Many reports have been compiled after investigations were conducted into the state of expert evidence in those various jurisdictions. The use of an expert to provide critical details regarding aspects of a crime that goes beyond the ordinary education of presiding officers and legal practitioners has posed to the court, many questions as to how they are being used and whether their evidence should be used. The use of an expert is not new to the South African legal system, and the same can be said for many foreign jurisdictions, but the problem now experienced by courts is whether these experts are in-fact “experts” and whether the information conveyed to the court can be relied upon especially if the evidence is of a scientific nature. An investigation into how expert evidence is presented and evaluated in South African criminal courts will reveal many appealing aspects regarding the development of how an expert is used and how they should be used as well as how their evidence should be evaluated. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Chetty, Nasholan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-5831
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Evidence, Expert , Forensic sciences , Crime scene searches
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22467 , vital:52324
- Description: Forensic evidence has always captured the imagination of the public and legal fraternity since science entered the courtroom. The first case of forensic science was heard in the matter of John Boodle in 1832, and criminal courts have now come accustomed to hearing a variety of matters that have some form of forensic science evidence in them. Television shows like Crime Scene Investigation and Making a Murderer has heightened the expectation that is placed on the sciences and the ease of which a conviction can be secured or a suspect apprehended. The spate of wrongful convictions that have been overturned, particularly in the United States of America has raised serious questions regarding the use of forensic evidence in courts. Moreover, the people “in-charge” or the so-called experts for providing this analysis’s have come under intense scrutiny. Many reports have been compiled after investigations were conducted into the state of expert evidence in those various jurisdictions. The use of an expert to provide critical details regarding aspects of a crime that goes beyond the ordinary education of presiding officers and legal practitioners has posed to the court, many questions as to how they are being used and whether their evidence should be used. The use of an expert is not new to the South African legal system, and the same can be said for many foreign jurisdictions, but the problem now experienced by courts is whether these experts are in-fact “experts” and whether the information conveyed to the court can be relied upon especially if the evidence is of a scientific nature. An investigation into how expert evidence is presented and evaluated in South African criminal courts will reveal many appealing aspects regarding the development of how an expert is used and how they should be used as well as how their evidence should be evaluated. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Law, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
The impact of technology on unemployment in South Africa: a case of the Manufacturing, Mining and Agriculture Sectors
- Authors: Nelani, Aviwe
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Unemployment -- Technological innovations -- South Africa , Labor supply -- Effect of technological innovations on -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28839 , vital:75131
- Description: The research investigates the effect of technology on unemployment in South Africa, focusing on three industries, namely manufacturing, agriculture, and the mining industry from 2000 to 2017. The pooled ordinary least squares, random effect model and fixed effects model were utilised to test the impact of technology on unemployment. Research and development were used as a degree for technology in this study, as it was the main independent variable. The results suggest that there is insignificant effect of technology on unemployment, there are many studies in the literature that have supported this sentiment. So, having concluded that technology does have an insignificant effect on unemployment, this also means that changes in technology do not affect the country significantly, even though some industries will have to make small adjustments in responding to the technological changes. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Nelani, Aviwe
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Unemployment -- Technological innovations -- South Africa , Labor supply -- Effect of technological innovations on -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/28839 , vital:75131
- Description: The research investigates the effect of technology on unemployment in South Africa, focusing on three industries, namely manufacturing, agriculture, and the mining industry from 2000 to 2017. The pooled ordinary least squares, random effect model and fixed effects model were utilised to test the impact of technology on unemployment. Research and development were used as a degree for technology in this study, as it was the main independent variable. The results suggest that there is insignificant effect of technology on unemployment, there are many studies in the literature that have supported this sentiment. So, having concluded that technology does have an insignificant effect on unemployment, this also means that changes in technology do not affect the country significantly, even though some industries will have to make small adjustments in responding to the technological changes. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
The South African media portrayal of Sindisiwe Manqele’s intimate partner homicide Case of Nkululeko ‘Flabba’ Habedi: A feminist narrative analysis
- Authors: Ntweni, Nosiphiwo
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Homicide -- Psychological aspects , Content analysis (Communication)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23787 , vital:60542
- Description: The story construction of intimate partner homicide in the media reflects the inherent influence the media has on the society and the shaping of its attitudes. This study uses an exploratory qualitative research design with the aim that is to investigate how the South African news media constructs and narrates the Intimate Partner Homicide of Nkululeko ‘Flabba’ Habedi by Sindisiwe Manqele. This objective was achieved through feminist narrative analysis of 30 South African media articles, with an underpinning theory of feminist constructionism. Feminist constructionism is a theoretical framework that ties together feminist psychology and social constructionist methods. The main ideas followed by the S.A. media reporters were sub-divided into three main deductive themes; ‘sad/victim’, ‘mad’ and ‘bad’. Overall, Manqele as a character, was demonised and portrayed as a villain, which followed the bad narrative. The ‘sad/victim’ narrative followed, and then the ‘mad’ narrative. The ‘sad/victim’ narrative frames Manqele as a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV). The ‘mad’ narrative showed up in the smallest number of the sample represented her as unstable and irrational. The ‘bad’ Manqele was primarily depicted as wicked and evil manipulator, the jealous, cold-blooded killer, and a promiscuous, sexual deviant. The possibility of history of IPV in the relationship its context was largely ignored. The narrative about rappers made allowances for the use of drugs, living a life of sexual experimentation and living with culture of aggression. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Ntweni, Nosiphiwo
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Homicide -- Psychological aspects , Content analysis (Communication)
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23787 , vital:60542
- Description: The story construction of intimate partner homicide in the media reflects the inherent influence the media has on the society and the shaping of its attitudes. This study uses an exploratory qualitative research design with the aim that is to investigate how the South African news media constructs and narrates the Intimate Partner Homicide of Nkululeko ‘Flabba’ Habedi by Sindisiwe Manqele. This objective was achieved through feminist narrative analysis of 30 South African media articles, with an underpinning theory of feminist constructionism. Feminist constructionism is a theoretical framework that ties together feminist psychology and social constructionist methods. The main ideas followed by the S.A. media reporters were sub-divided into three main deductive themes; ‘sad/victim’, ‘mad’ and ‘bad’. Overall, Manqele as a character, was demonised and portrayed as a villain, which followed the bad narrative. The ‘sad/victim’ narrative followed, and then the ‘mad’ narrative. The ‘sad/victim’ narrative frames Manqele as a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV). The ‘mad’ narrative showed up in the smallest number of the sample represented her as unstable and irrational. The ‘bad’ Manqele was primarily depicted as wicked and evil manipulator, the jealous, cold-blooded killer, and a promiscuous, sexual deviant. The possibility of history of IPV in the relationship its context was largely ignored. The narrative about rappers made allowances for the use of drugs, living a life of sexual experimentation and living with culture of aggression. , Thesis (MSoc) -- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
The use of earth observation multi-sensor systems to monitor and model Pastures: a case of Savannah Grasslands in Hluvukani Village, Bushbuckridge Local Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
- Nduku, Lwandile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-4548
- Authors: Nduku, Lwandile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-4548
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Climatic changes , Grassland conservation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22578 , vital:52470
- Description: Grassland degradation associated with climate change and inappropriate grassland management has been characterized as a global environmental concern driving decreased grassland ecosystem's ecological functioning. More than 60% of South African grassland is degraded or permanently transformed to other land uses and nearly 2% properly conserved. Yet, grasslands are a major source of food for livestock grazing and provide material and non-material benefits to many livelihoods. Therefore, grassland above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation is crucial in planning and managing pastoral agriculture and the benefits derived from it. However, current grassland monitoring techniques used in rural smallholder livestock farms rely on conventional methods, which are destructive, labour-intensive, costly, and restricted to small areas. This study investigated the monitoring and modelling of protected grasslands biomass using current Earth observation systems (EOS), an approach, which is non-destructive, cost-effective, cover larger areas and is a time-saving alternative to conventional methods. Hence, the research objectives were: (i) to map the trends and advances in data and models used in the monitoring of grassland (pastures) with Earth observation systems, and (ii) to assess above-ground biomass estimation in semi-arid savannah grassland integrating Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data with Machine-Learning. This goal was to assess if this approach could provide the requisite information, which could contribute to the long-term goal of developing a semi-automated system for data processing, and mapping grassland biomass to benefit local communities. For this investigation, it was crucial to understanding what research had achieved so far in this area of pasture management. An assessment of the Scopus database showed the recent developments in European Union (EU) programs and Sentinel missions, including statistical models and machine learning for monitoring grassland changes at multiple scales. However, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, machine learning models, and variable importance techniques were applied for grassland AGB estimation. These techniques have been used in similar studies to determine optimum machine learning models, influential variables, and the capability of integrated Sentinel datasets for mapping grassland AGB, spatial distribution, and abundance. Results showed improved performance with the Random forest regression (RFR) model (R² of 34.7%, RMSE of 9.47 Mg and MAE of 7.68 Mg ). The study also observed optimum sensitivity of Difference Vegetation Index (DVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in all three machine learning models for modelling grassland AGB estimation in the study area. A further, statistical comparison of all three machine learning models showed an insignificant difference in the predictive capacity for AGB in the study area with Gradient Boosting regression (GBR) model (R² of 27.7, RMSE of 9.97 Mg and MAE of 8.03 Mg ) and Extreme Gradient Boost Regression (XGBR) model (R² of 17.3%, RMSE of 10.66 Mg and MAE of 8.83 Mg ). The study revealed that an integration of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 has improved capabilities for monitoring grassland AGB estimation. This research sheds light on the timely and cost-effective techniques for grassland management strategies to enhance or restore the ecological functioning of grassland ecosystems and promote community sustainability. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Nduku, Lwandile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-4548
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Climatic changes , Grassland conservation
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22578 , vital:52470
- Description: Grassland degradation associated with climate change and inappropriate grassland management has been characterized as a global environmental concern driving decreased grassland ecosystem's ecological functioning. More than 60% of South African grassland is degraded or permanently transformed to other land uses and nearly 2% properly conserved. Yet, grasslands are a major source of food for livestock grazing and provide material and non-material benefits to many livelihoods. Therefore, grassland above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation is crucial in planning and managing pastoral agriculture and the benefits derived from it. However, current grassland monitoring techniques used in rural smallholder livestock farms rely on conventional methods, which are destructive, labour-intensive, costly, and restricted to small areas. This study investigated the monitoring and modelling of protected grasslands biomass using current Earth observation systems (EOS), an approach, which is non-destructive, cost-effective, cover larger areas and is a time-saving alternative to conventional methods. Hence, the research objectives were: (i) to map the trends and advances in data and models used in the monitoring of grassland (pastures) with Earth observation systems, and (ii) to assess above-ground biomass estimation in semi-arid savannah grassland integrating Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data with Machine-Learning. This goal was to assess if this approach could provide the requisite information, which could contribute to the long-term goal of developing a semi-automated system for data processing, and mapping grassland biomass to benefit local communities. For this investigation, it was crucial to understanding what research had achieved so far in this area of pasture management. An assessment of the Scopus database showed the recent developments in European Union (EU) programs and Sentinel missions, including statistical models and machine learning for monitoring grassland changes at multiple scales. However, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, machine learning models, and variable importance techniques were applied for grassland AGB estimation. These techniques have been used in similar studies to determine optimum machine learning models, influential variables, and the capability of integrated Sentinel datasets for mapping grassland AGB, spatial distribution, and abundance. Results showed improved performance with the Random forest regression (RFR) model (R² of 34.7%, RMSE of 9.47 Mg and MAE of 7.68 Mg ). The study also observed optimum sensitivity of Difference Vegetation Index (DVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in all three machine learning models for modelling grassland AGB estimation in the study area. A further, statistical comparison of all three machine learning models showed an insignificant difference in the predictive capacity for AGB in the study area with Gradient Boosting regression (GBR) model (R² of 27.7, RMSE of 9.97 Mg and MAE of 8.03 Mg ) and Extreme Gradient Boost Regression (XGBR) model (R² of 17.3%, RMSE of 10.66 Mg and MAE of 8.83 Mg ). The study revealed that an integration of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 has improved capabilities for monitoring grassland AGB estimation. This research sheds light on the timely and cost-effective techniques for grassland management strategies to enhance or restore the ecological functioning of grassland ecosystems and promote community sustainability. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
Trade openness, economic growth, income inequality and poverty nexus in SADC countries: 1980-2019
- Gonese, Dorcas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-024X
- Authors: Gonese, Dorcas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-024X
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Economic development , Income distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23370 , vital:57618
- Description: Trade openness (TO) has been identified as a critical component for sustainable economic growth, income inequality reduction, and poverty reduction in the 2030 Agenda as per the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) regional indicative strategic development plan (RISDP). Despite the opening up to the global world, developing countries such as the SADC continue to face exclusive and unstable economic growth, massive income disparity, and poverty. Considering the previous empirical work, many controversies are related to methodologies and measurement issues. The study attempted to examine the impact of trade openness on economic growth of the SADC countries as well as its effect on income inequality and poverty reduction from 1980 to 2019. The study builds on existing studies in the region that have mainly analysed this kind of relationship, assuming that it is only TO and economic growth (EGR) that matters. The study sought to address three analytical objectives. The first objective focused on examining the effects of trade openness on economic growth in the SADC countries. In addressing this objective, the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) was utilised, given the nature of the relationship between the variables of interest. The empirical results revealed that all measures of trade openness (real trade openness, economic globalisation, exports and imports of goods and services) used in the study have a positive effect on economic growth in SADC countries. This implies that the foreign factors account for a share of SADC's economic growth. The PMG indicates that the mediating variables of all measures of trade openness with human capital development have a positive effect on economic growth. This implies that the beneficial impact of the said measures of trade openness, are more effective when investment in human capital increases. The second objective focused on analysing trade openness's direct and indirect impact on income inequality using the PMG model again. The empirical results indicate that trade openness via exports has a negative effect on income inequality. In contrast, real trade openness and imports positively affect income inequality. This implies that the exports of goods and services in SADC are drivers of income inequality reduction while real trade openness and imports worsen it. Therefore, the SADC countries must be wary of real trade openness and import policies addressing income inequality. As for the interaction effects, the empirical results indicate that greater openness via real trade openness, economic globalisation, exports and imports reduce income inequality when economic growth increases and when the financial sector is more developed. The final analytical objective focused on analysing the effects of TO on poverty in the SADC region. The PMG model was utilised for trade openness-non-income poverty (NPOV) relationship. However, because there is a scarcity of income-poverty (IPOV) data, the time dimensions for the income poverty-trade openness model are smaller than the cross sections. Therefore, the current study employed the system generalised method of moments (SGMM) estimation technique which is a more effective and efficient estimation technique for controlling for endogeneity when the time dimension is smaller than the cross sections. The findings indicate that real trade openness has a positive effect on NPOV, whereas economic globalisation, exports, and imports negatively affect NPOV. This implies that real trade openness increases poverty reduction while economic globalisation, exports and imports exacerbate non-income poverty in SADC countries. On testing whether trade openness- NPOV relationship changes with economic growth, income inequality, human capital development, financial development and institutional quality, the complementary variable with EGR is positive and significant for real trade openness and exports, implying that real trade openness and exports reduce NPOV when economic growth increases. The SGMM indicates that only economic globalisation and imports have negative impact on income poverty in SADC countries. This implies that economic globalisation and imports are determinants of income poverty reduction in the SADC countries. The SADC governments and policymakers should be mindful about what ways they should globalise, what goods they export or imports to minimise income poverty. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
- Authors: Gonese, Dorcas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-024X
- Date: 2022-01
- Subjects: Economic development , Income distribution
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/23370 , vital:57618
- Description: Trade openness (TO) has been identified as a critical component for sustainable economic growth, income inequality reduction, and poverty reduction in the 2030 Agenda as per the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) regional indicative strategic development plan (RISDP). Despite the opening up to the global world, developing countries such as the SADC continue to face exclusive and unstable economic growth, massive income disparity, and poverty. Considering the previous empirical work, many controversies are related to methodologies and measurement issues. The study attempted to examine the impact of trade openness on economic growth of the SADC countries as well as its effect on income inequality and poverty reduction from 1980 to 2019. The study builds on existing studies in the region that have mainly analysed this kind of relationship, assuming that it is only TO and economic growth (EGR) that matters. The study sought to address three analytical objectives. The first objective focused on examining the effects of trade openness on economic growth in the SADC countries. In addressing this objective, the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) was utilised, given the nature of the relationship between the variables of interest. The empirical results revealed that all measures of trade openness (real trade openness, economic globalisation, exports and imports of goods and services) used in the study have a positive effect on economic growth in SADC countries. This implies that the foreign factors account for a share of SADC's economic growth. The PMG indicates that the mediating variables of all measures of trade openness with human capital development have a positive effect on economic growth. This implies that the beneficial impact of the said measures of trade openness, are more effective when investment in human capital increases. The second objective focused on analysing trade openness's direct and indirect impact on income inequality using the PMG model again. The empirical results indicate that trade openness via exports has a negative effect on income inequality. In contrast, real trade openness and imports positively affect income inequality. This implies that the exports of goods and services in SADC are drivers of income inequality reduction while real trade openness and imports worsen it. Therefore, the SADC countries must be wary of real trade openness and import policies addressing income inequality. As for the interaction effects, the empirical results indicate that greater openness via real trade openness, economic globalisation, exports and imports reduce income inequality when economic growth increases and when the financial sector is more developed. The final analytical objective focused on analysing the effects of TO on poverty in the SADC region. The PMG model was utilised for trade openness-non-income poverty (NPOV) relationship. However, because there is a scarcity of income-poverty (IPOV) data, the time dimensions for the income poverty-trade openness model are smaller than the cross sections. Therefore, the current study employed the system generalised method of moments (SGMM) estimation technique which is a more effective and efficient estimation technique for controlling for endogeneity when the time dimension is smaller than the cross sections. The findings indicate that real trade openness has a positive effect on NPOV, whereas economic globalisation, exports, and imports negatively affect NPOV. This implies that real trade openness increases poverty reduction while economic globalisation, exports and imports exacerbate non-income poverty in SADC countries. On testing whether trade openness- NPOV relationship changes with economic growth, income inequality, human capital development, financial development and institutional quality, the complementary variable with EGR is positive and significant for real trade openness and exports, implying that real trade openness and exports reduce NPOV when economic growth increases. The SGMM indicates that only economic globalisation and imports have negative impact on income poverty in SADC countries. This implies that economic globalisation and imports are determinants of income poverty reduction in the SADC countries. The SADC governments and policymakers should be mindful about what ways they should globalise, what goods they export or imports to minimise income poverty. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Management and Commerce, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-01
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