Investment promotions within port systems: a case of the port of Ngqura, south Africa
- Authors: Booi, Nozipho
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Investment -- South Africa , Investment analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57601 , vital:58180
- Description: The primary role of ports is to provide an enabling logistical solution for within the transport sector. Ports within South Africa perform this primary role in strict accordance with the National Ports Act 12 of 2005. The liberalisation of economies from closed economies to open economies has impacted the transformation of the transport sector; sea borne trade through ports accounts for 80% of the global trade by volume and 70% by value. Open economies have increased the need for integration of economies and triggered a highly competitive market for ports globally competing for volumes or throughput. To attract volumes, ports need to have sound investment promotions strategies that are responding to market needs. Thus, the primary objective of the research study was to investigate and analyse the various factors that affect investment promotions within the port system, evaluating how these factors can be utilised by the Port of Ngqura to increase volumes and grow market share. Therefore, attention was placed on understanding the value proposition the port has to offer to potential investors to foster FDIs. The researcher employed an interpretivist qualitative research methodology to explore its research aim and objectives. Secondary data in the form of document analysis was used in this research study. The documents analysed are mainly Academic Journals, Policy Documents, Transnet Annual Reports, South African Port Regulator Reports (quarterly and annual reports), Industry Articles, and Published Books. The data collected from secondary sources was analysed through content analysis. The document analysis conducted to understand the determinants of investments at the Port of Ngqura, revealed that the regulatory framework, port costs, availability of infrastructure, connectivity to the hinterland market, safety and security, intermodal transport, and efficiency levels can influence investment promotions within the port, and the determinants can be utilised to increase the volumes at the Port of Ngqura. The research study reviewed the mentioned additional factors such as the speed in responding to enquiries, the packaging of information, the linkages to other development zones and guarantees of secure operations are also determinants that potential investors look for. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Booi, Nozipho
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Investment -- South Africa , Investment analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57601 , vital:58180
- Description: The primary role of ports is to provide an enabling logistical solution for within the transport sector. Ports within South Africa perform this primary role in strict accordance with the National Ports Act 12 of 2005. The liberalisation of economies from closed economies to open economies has impacted the transformation of the transport sector; sea borne trade through ports accounts for 80% of the global trade by volume and 70% by value. Open economies have increased the need for integration of economies and triggered a highly competitive market for ports globally competing for volumes or throughput. To attract volumes, ports need to have sound investment promotions strategies that are responding to market needs. Thus, the primary objective of the research study was to investigate and analyse the various factors that affect investment promotions within the port system, evaluating how these factors can be utilised by the Port of Ngqura to increase volumes and grow market share. Therefore, attention was placed on understanding the value proposition the port has to offer to potential investors to foster FDIs. The researcher employed an interpretivist qualitative research methodology to explore its research aim and objectives. Secondary data in the form of document analysis was used in this research study. The documents analysed are mainly Academic Journals, Policy Documents, Transnet Annual Reports, South African Port Regulator Reports (quarterly and annual reports), Industry Articles, and Published Books. The data collected from secondary sources was analysed through content analysis. The document analysis conducted to understand the determinants of investments at the Port of Ngqura, revealed that the regulatory framework, port costs, availability of infrastructure, connectivity to the hinterland market, safety and security, intermodal transport, and efficiency levels can influence investment promotions within the port, and the determinants can be utilised to increase the volumes at the Port of Ngqura. The research study reviewed the mentioned additional factors such as the speed in responding to enquiries, the packaging of information, the linkages to other development zones and guarantees of secure operations are also determinants that potential investors look for. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Irregular maintenance of gravel roads: its impact on access to social and economic services
- Authors: Madyibi, Yonela Makaziwe
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Gravel roads , Roads -- Maintenance and repair
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58385 , vital:59066
- Description: The Eastern Cape remains the poorest and most rural province in South Africa. Roads in the province are generally in a poor condition and over the years they have been deteriorating, particularly in the rural areas. There is a general lack of regular maintenance of roads in most rural municipalities and in certain instances, this is exacerbated by the lack of resources. Intsika Yethu Municipality (IYM) is a rural municipality in the Chris Hani District served by a road network with a large number of gravel roads which are in a poor condition. The majority of the residents have sparse access to basic services and amenities. Consequently, they travel long distances, for at least an hour, to access services. The study adopted a quantitative research method. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data and non-probability and probability sampling procedures were utilised. A detailed statistical data analysis was conducted to test probable relationships between variables utilised in the research tool. The findings of this study revealed that the gravel roads in the area are not maintained regularly. During rainy seasons the roads become slippery, while several are flooded and unusable. Such condition of roads makes the rural areas to be generally inaccessible to essential service workers i.e. teachers, and healthcare workers. The findings further revealed that most gravel roads in IYM have not been maintained in the past 5 years. The drive along the network of roads is poor due to structural defects. Furthermore, the vehicles are forced to drive at a relatively slow speed. The condition of the poor roads affects the response time of emergency service transport. The response time averages between 3-12 hours depending on the distance of the area from the main towns. The condition of roads results in increased transport and travelling costs. The poor quality of the roads in the area makes it unattractive to skilled essential workers which has a negative impact on the residents. The research concludes that if gravel roads are maintained regularly, residents’ access to amenities could be improved and their livelihood could be enhanced. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Madyibi, Yonela Makaziwe
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Gravel roads , Roads -- Maintenance and repair
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58385 , vital:59066
- Description: The Eastern Cape remains the poorest and most rural province in South Africa. Roads in the province are generally in a poor condition and over the years they have been deteriorating, particularly in the rural areas. There is a general lack of regular maintenance of roads in most rural municipalities and in certain instances, this is exacerbated by the lack of resources. Intsika Yethu Municipality (IYM) is a rural municipality in the Chris Hani District served by a road network with a large number of gravel roads which are in a poor condition. The majority of the residents have sparse access to basic services and amenities. Consequently, they travel long distances, for at least an hour, to access services. The study adopted a quantitative research method. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data and non-probability and probability sampling procedures were utilised. A detailed statistical data analysis was conducted to test probable relationships between variables utilised in the research tool. The findings of this study revealed that the gravel roads in the area are not maintained regularly. During rainy seasons the roads become slippery, while several are flooded and unusable. Such condition of roads makes the rural areas to be generally inaccessible to essential service workers i.e. teachers, and healthcare workers. The findings further revealed that most gravel roads in IYM have not been maintained in the past 5 years. The drive along the network of roads is poor due to structural defects. Furthermore, the vehicles are forced to drive at a relatively slow speed. The condition of the poor roads affects the response time of emergency service transport. The response time averages between 3-12 hours depending on the distance of the area from the main towns. The condition of roads results in increased transport and travelling costs. The poor quality of the roads in the area makes it unattractive to skilled essential workers which has a negative impact on the residents. The research concludes that if gravel roads are maintained regularly, residents’ access to amenities could be improved and their livelihood could be enhanced. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Key factors affecting the retention of production pharmacists in pharmaceutical manufacturing in South Africa
- Authors: Mvunyiswa, Mzwandile
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Pharmaceutical industry , Pharmacists -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58013 , vital:58498
- Description: he goal of the study was to look at elements that influenced the retention of production pharmacists in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The South African pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is in charge of producing a wide range of pharmaceutical products for both the domestic and foreign markets. Production pharmacists are leaving the industry to pursue employment outside of the production environment, which is a problem for the industry. The goal of the study was to discover crucial factors that would help pharmacists in South Africa stay in the pharmaceutical product manufacturing industry. After doing a literature review to identify the determinants of retention, a hypothesis model was created to see if the identified factors had a positive link with pharmacist retention. The information was gathered via a survey with a questionnaire that was prepared and distributed to 81 people. Factor analysis confirmed the factors measured in the study, with Employee Reward and Recognition emerging as two separate factors. The study revealed that the factor of Employee Reward and Recognition (Factor A), which means receiving rewards and recognition was done in a fair and competitive manner did not relate to Employee Reward and Recognition as an actual Retention Factor (Factor B), or with Leadership, Training, Employee Career Development, Work-Life Balance or Job Security. In general, positive responses were received for Employee Reward and Recognition A (receiving rewards and recognition, and this was done in a fair and competitive manner), and neutral responses were received for Leadership, Work-Life Balance and Job Security and negative responses were recorded for Employee Career Development, Training and Employee Rewards and Recognition B (effectiveness of reward system to retain pharmaceutical talent). Pharmaceutical manufacturing companies must devise strategies to address the factors that elicited negative and neutral responses from the respondents. If the factors are not addressed, important talent, such as pharmacists, may be lost. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mvunyiswa, Mzwandile
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Pharmaceutical industry , Pharmacists -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58013 , vital:58498
- Description: he goal of the study was to look at elements that influenced the retention of production pharmacists in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The South African pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is in charge of producing a wide range of pharmaceutical products for both the domestic and foreign markets. Production pharmacists are leaving the industry to pursue employment outside of the production environment, which is a problem for the industry. The goal of the study was to discover crucial factors that would help pharmacists in South Africa stay in the pharmaceutical product manufacturing industry. After doing a literature review to identify the determinants of retention, a hypothesis model was created to see if the identified factors had a positive link with pharmacist retention. The information was gathered via a survey with a questionnaire that was prepared and distributed to 81 people. Factor analysis confirmed the factors measured in the study, with Employee Reward and Recognition emerging as two separate factors. The study revealed that the factor of Employee Reward and Recognition (Factor A), which means receiving rewards and recognition was done in a fair and competitive manner did not relate to Employee Reward and Recognition as an actual Retention Factor (Factor B), or with Leadership, Training, Employee Career Development, Work-Life Balance or Job Security. In general, positive responses were received for Employee Reward and Recognition A (receiving rewards and recognition, and this was done in a fair and competitive manner), and neutral responses were received for Leadership, Work-Life Balance and Job Security and negative responses were recorded for Employee Career Development, Training and Employee Rewards and Recognition B (effectiveness of reward system to retain pharmaceutical talent). Pharmaceutical manufacturing companies must devise strategies to address the factors that elicited negative and neutral responses from the respondents. If the factors are not addressed, important talent, such as pharmacists, may be lost. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Science, School of Environmental Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Linkage to care of HIV clients following diagnosis in Engcobo Sub-district, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Mthini, Sandiso
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Primary care (Medicine) , HIV infections AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27017 , vital:66223
- Description: Background: “Linkage to care” is an essential strategy in place for the retention of HIV diagnosed clients on treatment. It is vital throughout the management and care of an HIV client. Aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of “linkage to care” of HIV clients following the diagnosis in the Engcobo sub-district, Eastern cape. Methodology: Qualitative, explorative, descriptive study design was used to explore and describe the effectiveness of “linkage to care” of HIV clients following diagnosis in the Engcobo sub-district. The population for the study were all healthcare workers, who are involved in the program of “linkage to care” of HIV positive clients. Purposive Sampling was used to select professional nurses, Community healthcare workers, Lay counsellors, linkage officers who are involved in the linkage of HIV positive patients and the facility managers whom their facilities provide HIV care services. Interview guide was used to collect data and Tesch’s method was used to analyse data. Findings: Themes that emerged from the study were flexible time to “linkage to care”; use of different policies; administration; team activities and “linkage to care” benefits. Recommendations: Training on “linkage to care”; case management model; TIER.NET system upgrade/ linkage App development, patient information packs; standardised extended hours; transport assistance/outreach mobile services. Conclusion “Linkage to care” is a team effort, it needs collaboration and knowledge. Despite the implementation of a linkage program, there are challenges that the department of health needs to act on as addressed on researcher’s recommendations. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mthini, Sandiso
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Primary care (Medicine) , HIV infections AIDS (Disease) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/27017 , vital:66223
- Description: Background: “Linkage to care” is an essential strategy in place for the retention of HIV diagnosed clients on treatment. It is vital throughout the management and care of an HIV client. Aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of “linkage to care” of HIV clients following the diagnosis in the Engcobo sub-district, Eastern cape. Methodology: Qualitative, explorative, descriptive study design was used to explore and describe the effectiveness of “linkage to care” of HIV clients following diagnosis in the Engcobo sub-district. The population for the study were all healthcare workers, who are involved in the program of “linkage to care” of HIV positive clients. Purposive Sampling was used to select professional nurses, Community healthcare workers, Lay counsellors, linkage officers who are involved in the linkage of HIV positive patients and the facility managers whom their facilities provide HIV care services. Interview guide was used to collect data and Tesch’s method was used to analyse data. Findings: Themes that emerged from the study were flexible time to “linkage to care”; use of different policies; administration; team activities and “linkage to care” benefits. Recommendations: Training on “linkage to care”; case management model; TIER.NET system upgrade/ linkage App development, patient information packs; standardised extended hours; transport assistance/outreach mobile services. Conclusion “Linkage to care” is a team effort, it needs collaboration and knowledge. Despite the implementation of a linkage program, there are challenges that the department of health needs to act on as addressed on researcher’s recommendations. , Thesis (MPA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Lived Experiences of Repeat Sex Offenders in a Zimbabwean Juvenile Prison Regarding Secondary Desistance
- Authors: Chingozho, Johnson
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Sex Offender -- Zimbabwe , Prison violence
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58750 , vital:60084
- Description: Juvenile sex offending is a serious crime that represents a social dysfunction for the offender, an injury to the community and a traumatic experience for the victim. Sex offending is generally perceived to be a conscious and intentional decision. Adolescent sex offending may be attributed to emotional immaturity and faulty thinking patterns. While interventions have been developed in Western settings, it appears they have failed to reduce reoffending among juvenile sex offenders in Zimbabwe. This is attributed to a lack of a culturally responsive psychological programme developed for the Zimbabwean adolescent sex offender. The study employed a phenomenological qualitative research approach that is exploratory, descriptive and theory generative in design. The Integrated Theory of Desistance from Sex Offending (ITDSO) underpinned the research study. The ITDSO’s three temporal dimensions namely: decisive momentum, rehabilitation and reentry were instrumental in the framing of the interview questions used in fieldwork and the development of the Zimbabwe Adolescent Sex Offender Psychoeducational Programme (ZASOPP). The research study took place in four phases. Phase 1 of the study constituted an integrative literature review utilising Whittemore and Knafl’s framework. Synthesis of the literature was conducted and analysed in terms of the themes that emerged that were relevant to juvenile sex offending and desistance. Phase 2 employed a qualitative phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of repeat juvenile sex offenders regarding secondary desistance in a Zimbabwean juvenile prison. The data collection process involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 male repeat juvenile sex offenders between the ages of 17 and 21 years. The interviews were conducted in the Shona language. The data collected from the semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analysed by the researcher vii utilising the Colaizzi method. Phase 2 revealed a lack of parental guidance, minimisation, poor social skills, poor academic achievement, alcohol, and drug misuse as perceived factors influencing sex reoffending among juvenile sex offenders. The fear of prison, hopelessness, and challenges in adapting to the new reality in prison contributed to pains of imprisonment. Predictably, the study findings further revealed a lack of an appropriate psychological rehabilitation programme targeted at intervention among juvenile sex offenders. Phase 3 of the research study involved the development of a conceptual framework from the synthesis of findings from the integrative literature review, fieldwork and six concepts of the survey list of the Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach theory. The conceptual framework was used as a basis for the development of a psychoeducational programme. Phase 4 of the research study involved the development of a Zimbabwe Adolescent Sex Offender Psychoeducational Programme as informed by the conceptual framework developed in Phase 3 for clinical assessment and intervention among juvenile sex offenders in prison. The formulated programme would be used to intervene among juvenile sex offenders in a Zimbabwean juvenile prison to assist them to have psychological, mental well-being and to enhance secondary desistance. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Chingozho, Johnson
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Sex Offender -- Zimbabwe , Prison violence
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58750 , vital:60084
- Description: Juvenile sex offending is a serious crime that represents a social dysfunction for the offender, an injury to the community and a traumatic experience for the victim. Sex offending is generally perceived to be a conscious and intentional decision. Adolescent sex offending may be attributed to emotional immaturity and faulty thinking patterns. While interventions have been developed in Western settings, it appears they have failed to reduce reoffending among juvenile sex offenders in Zimbabwe. This is attributed to a lack of a culturally responsive psychological programme developed for the Zimbabwean adolescent sex offender. The study employed a phenomenological qualitative research approach that is exploratory, descriptive and theory generative in design. The Integrated Theory of Desistance from Sex Offending (ITDSO) underpinned the research study. The ITDSO’s three temporal dimensions namely: decisive momentum, rehabilitation and reentry were instrumental in the framing of the interview questions used in fieldwork and the development of the Zimbabwe Adolescent Sex Offender Psychoeducational Programme (ZASOPP). The research study took place in four phases. Phase 1 of the study constituted an integrative literature review utilising Whittemore and Knafl’s framework. Synthesis of the literature was conducted and analysed in terms of the themes that emerged that were relevant to juvenile sex offending and desistance. Phase 2 employed a qualitative phenomenological approach to understand the lived experiences of repeat juvenile sex offenders regarding secondary desistance in a Zimbabwean juvenile prison. The data collection process involved in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 male repeat juvenile sex offenders between the ages of 17 and 21 years. The interviews were conducted in the Shona language. The data collected from the semi-structured interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analysed by the researcher vii utilising the Colaizzi method. Phase 2 revealed a lack of parental guidance, minimisation, poor social skills, poor academic achievement, alcohol, and drug misuse as perceived factors influencing sex reoffending among juvenile sex offenders. The fear of prison, hopelessness, and challenges in adapting to the new reality in prison contributed to pains of imprisonment. Predictably, the study findings further revealed a lack of an appropriate psychological rehabilitation programme targeted at intervention among juvenile sex offenders. Phase 3 of the research study involved the development of a conceptual framework from the synthesis of findings from the integrative literature review, fieldwork and six concepts of the survey list of the Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach theory. The conceptual framework was used as a basis for the development of a psychoeducational programme. Phase 4 of the research study involved the development of a Zimbabwe Adolescent Sex Offender Psychoeducational Programme as informed by the conceptual framework developed in Phase 3 for clinical assessment and intervention among juvenile sex offenders in prison. The formulated programme would be used to intervene among juvenile sex offenders in a Zimbabwean juvenile prison to assist them to have psychological, mental well-being and to enhance secondary desistance. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Local economic development and Re-Industrialisation: A case study of Dimbaza
- Mbebe, Dumisani Bakhulule Lennox
- Authors: Mbebe, Dumisani Bakhulule Lennox
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Economic development , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58081 , vital:58548
- Description: The Local Economic Development (LED) and reindustrialisation of Dimbaza is viewed as a wellspring of valuable economic growth. Contemporary LED professionals have been at a loggerheads in dealing with challenges in addressing the core concept of LED and a Re-industrialised environment in bringing economic growth. The LED and reindustrialisation agenda is providing a platform for the participation local inhabitants and value creation in the mainstream of economy. It also poses development questions about the seriousness of economic decisions by those given powers to set the economic direction of the area of Dimbaza. Government policies such as the Eastern Cape provincial growth development plan, Buffalo city integrated development plan and LED strategy are attempts to entrench the concept of localism across Dimbaza and meet the challenge of engaging LED participants to creatively deal with their economic problems. While LED scholars have written a length, there have been limitations when LED is used to enhance reindustrialisation in bringing sustainable economic growth. This study seeks to contribute to the current economic conversations on LED and Reindustrialisation by critically reviewing the available literature while challenging those with decision-making authority and their seriousness in bringing about LED and Reindustrialisation in Dimbaza. Furthermore, the study serves as a diagnostic tool to stimulate further engagement around LED and Reindustrialisation process in relation to its policy impact. The study focused on deductive research method, which aimed at testing the existing theory of knowledge with the aim of creating new theoretical thinking. To understand better LED and Reindustrialisation of Dimbaza as a tool, previously, it has yielded results in addressing unemployment and poverty. The study has employed a qualitative research method within which a systematic reviews of both primary and secondary literature to address unemployment and poverty in Dimbaza. As part of the methodology of the study, thematic content analysis to produce findings has been explores, assuming that it will contribute in bringing meaning and results to the study. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mbebe, Dumisani Bakhulule Lennox
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Economic development , Municipal government -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Rural development -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape -- Management
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58081 , vital:58548
- Description: The Local Economic Development (LED) and reindustrialisation of Dimbaza is viewed as a wellspring of valuable economic growth. Contemporary LED professionals have been at a loggerheads in dealing with challenges in addressing the core concept of LED and a Re-industrialised environment in bringing economic growth. The LED and reindustrialisation agenda is providing a platform for the participation local inhabitants and value creation in the mainstream of economy. It also poses development questions about the seriousness of economic decisions by those given powers to set the economic direction of the area of Dimbaza. Government policies such as the Eastern Cape provincial growth development plan, Buffalo city integrated development plan and LED strategy are attempts to entrench the concept of localism across Dimbaza and meet the challenge of engaging LED participants to creatively deal with their economic problems. While LED scholars have written a length, there have been limitations when LED is used to enhance reindustrialisation in bringing sustainable economic growth. This study seeks to contribute to the current economic conversations on LED and Reindustrialisation by critically reviewing the available literature while challenging those with decision-making authority and their seriousness in bringing about LED and Reindustrialisation in Dimbaza. Furthermore, the study serves as a diagnostic tool to stimulate further engagement around LED and Reindustrialisation process in relation to its policy impact. The study focused on deductive research method, which aimed at testing the existing theory of knowledge with the aim of creating new theoretical thinking. To understand better LED and Reindustrialisation of Dimbaza as a tool, previously, it has yielded results in addressing unemployment and poverty. The study has employed a qualitative research method within which a systematic reviews of both primary and secondary literature to address unemployment and poverty in Dimbaza. As part of the methodology of the study, thematic content analysis to produce findings has been explores, assuming that it will contribute in bringing meaning and results to the study. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Making government accountable for socio-economic injustices: challenges for Zimbabwean social movements
- Nyamweda, Amorlett Gamuchirai
- Authors: Nyamweda, Amorlett Gamuchirai
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Economic conditions -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58102 , vital:58557
- Description: imbabwe's socio-economic development crisis revived citizen agency and birthed several social movements. The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges that social movements face in holding the Zimbabwean government to account for Zimbabwe’s crisis. Three social movements, Occupy Africa Unity Square, #Tajamuka/Sesjikile and #ThisFlag were selected for in-depth qualitative inquiry. The study examined their activities between 2013 – 2020 during which time they were the most prominent social movements in Zimbabwe. Primary data was derived from social media and key informant interviews. Secondary data was derived from a desktop review of textbooks, commentaries, social movement documents, journal, and online newspaper articles. Using the Thematic Data Analysis technique, data was organized into three themes namely the socio-economic challenges faced by Zimbabweans, the role played by social movements to bring the Zimbabwean government to account for the socio-economic development crisis and the challenges social movements encountered in the process. The Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) found that social movements collectively engaged in protest action, lobbying, shutdowns, and legal action to make the government accountable for socio-economic injustices. In exacting government accountability, Zimbabwean social movements encounter the challenges of overreliance on social media, limited civic space, a decline of social movements, individual centered movement leadership, disengaged citizenry, absence of strategic plans, an uncooperative government and disunity amongst activists. This study recommends social movements’ leaders to develop protracted strategies for mobilisation beyond urban centers. It also recommends that movements prioritise socio-economic reforms and development projects which bring material benefits to citizens as these are more likely to be realised in the immediate future as opposed to political reforms. To revamp the Zimbabwean economy, the study recommends the citizens of Zimbabwe to be more actively involved in the affairs of their country, the armed forces to establish strong institutions and reconsider the role they should play to ensure socio-economic or political transformation and the government to demonstrate political will to deal with the crisis in Zimbabwe by instituting political reforms. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Nyamweda, Amorlett Gamuchirai
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Economic conditions -- Zimbabwe , Zimbabwe -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58102 , vital:58557
- Description: imbabwe's socio-economic development crisis revived citizen agency and birthed several social movements. The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges that social movements face in holding the Zimbabwean government to account for Zimbabwe’s crisis. Three social movements, Occupy Africa Unity Square, #Tajamuka/Sesjikile and #ThisFlag were selected for in-depth qualitative inquiry. The study examined their activities between 2013 – 2020 during which time they were the most prominent social movements in Zimbabwe. Primary data was derived from social media and key informant interviews. Secondary data was derived from a desktop review of textbooks, commentaries, social movement documents, journal, and online newspaper articles. Using the Thematic Data Analysis technique, data was organized into three themes namely the socio-economic challenges faced by Zimbabweans, the role played by social movements to bring the Zimbabwean government to account for the socio-economic development crisis and the challenges social movements encountered in the process. The Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) found that social movements collectively engaged in protest action, lobbying, shutdowns, and legal action to make the government accountable for socio-economic injustices. In exacting government accountability, Zimbabwean social movements encounter the challenges of overreliance on social media, limited civic space, a decline of social movements, individual centered movement leadership, disengaged citizenry, absence of strategic plans, an uncooperative government and disunity amongst activists. This study recommends social movements’ leaders to develop protracted strategies for mobilisation beyond urban centers. It also recommends that movements prioritise socio-economic reforms and development projects which bring material benefits to citizens as these are more likely to be realised in the immediate future as opposed to political reforms. To revamp the Zimbabwean economy, the study recommends the citizens of Zimbabwe to be more actively involved in the affairs of their country, the armed forces to establish strong institutions and reconsider the role they should play to ensure socio-economic or political transformation and the government to demonstrate political will to deal with the crisis in Zimbabwe by instituting political reforms. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Manager’s Adoption of New Smart Retail Technology at Clicks Group
- Authors: Mdoda, Athenkosi Sindile
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Stores, Retail--Electric equipment , Stores, Retail
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57906 , vital:58402
- Description: SRT is the interactive retail system that offers retail services to customers via a network of smart or intelligent objects and devices that can sense the environment and engage in real-time data collection, communication, interaction and feedback and it can be integrated to the physical stores. The fourth industrial revolution is driving companies across the globe to familiarize themselves with technology and to innovate. Retail industry has been at the forefront of innovation, amongst other industries with the goal of driving efficiency, cost reduction, relevance, profitability, customer retention and a quest to remain competitive. South African companies are not any different as this innovation has seen technology transformation move into brick-and-mortar stores and the online market. The key factor of innovation in retail is the smart retail technology (SRT). The adoption of technology is imperative so that organisations not only develop policies but are able to gain value and achieve the desired outcomes. The adoption of technology operates as means to allow management to actively contribute in an environment of continued innovation with strategic benefits, therefore, indicating the significance and value of understanding the perspective of technology adoption and shape organisational strategy and its practices. Managers are key drivers of adoption and their actions significantly contribute to achieving an alignment between the company and external environment. The primary objective of this study is to explore the perceptions and attitudes of lower to middle level managers towards technology adoption at Clicks stores in South Africa. This study is specifically focused on managers’ adoption of smart retail technology at Clicks by analysing factors such as facilitating conditions, institutional culture, demographics, knowledge, manager’s attitudes (SRT ease of use) and managers attitudes (SRT benefits) as dependent factors and SRT adoption as an independent factor. An empirical study consisting of an online survey (QuestionPro) was conducted with 211 employees who work for Clicks in South Africa. The data was then analysed using STATISTICA with help from a statistician and the results presented in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics. The key findings from this study indicated that institutional culture influencing SRT adoption, manager’s knowledge about SRT and store manager as a designation, all have an influence on manager adoption of SRT at iv Clicks. Recommendations were made to management on what steps can be taken to drive SRT adoption at Clicks. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mdoda, Athenkosi Sindile
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Stores, Retail--Electric equipment , Stores, Retail
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57906 , vital:58402
- Description: SRT is the interactive retail system that offers retail services to customers via a network of smart or intelligent objects and devices that can sense the environment and engage in real-time data collection, communication, interaction and feedback and it can be integrated to the physical stores. The fourth industrial revolution is driving companies across the globe to familiarize themselves with technology and to innovate. Retail industry has been at the forefront of innovation, amongst other industries with the goal of driving efficiency, cost reduction, relevance, profitability, customer retention and a quest to remain competitive. South African companies are not any different as this innovation has seen technology transformation move into brick-and-mortar stores and the online market. The key factor of innovation in retail is the smart retail technology (SRT). The adoption of technology is imperative so that organisations not only develop policies but are able to gain value and achieve the desired outcomes. The adoption of technology operates as means to allow management to actively contribute in an environment of continued innovation with strategic benefits, therefore, indicating the significance and value of understanding the perspective of technology adoption and shape organisational strategy and its practices. Managers are key drivers of adoption and their actions significantly contribute to achieving an alignment between the company and external environment. The primary objective of this study is to explore the perceptions and attitudes of lower to middle level managers towards technology adoption at Clicks stores in South Africa. This study is specifically focused on managers’ adoption of smart retail technology at Clicks by analysing factors such as facilitating conditions, institutional culture, demographics, knowledge, manager’s attitudes (SRT ease of use) and managers attitudes (SRT benefits) as dependent factors and SRT adoption as an independent factor. An empirical study consisting of an online survey (QuestionPro) was conducted with 211 employees who work for Clicks in South Africa. The data was then analysed using STATISTICA with help from a statistician and the results presented in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics. The key findings from this study indicated that institutional culture influencing SRT adoption, manager’s knowledge about SRT and store manager as a designation, all have an influence on manager adoption of SRT at iv Clicks. Recommendations were made to management on what steps can be taken to drive SRT adoption at Clicks. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Measuring the effectiveness of road Infrastructure support in the OR Tambo Region
- Authors: Malotana, Sinesipho
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Roads -- Maintenance and repair , Municipal services
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57819 , vital:58273
- Description: The term "road infrastructure" refers to the roads and structures that are used to convey commuters and goods. In the numerous road facilities, structures, road classifications, electronic traffic systems, signage, and markings, the mission of road infrastructure is to assist efficiency by providing safety and trouble-free transportation. There are fundamental elements that determine the availability of resources required in society and the efficiency with which they are used to accomplish economic growth. Investment in public capital, such as road infrastructure, which is a major economic engine, is critical because infrastructure helps an economy thrive. The importance of road infrastructure and the major role it plays in economic growth can be seen in studies in developed European nations, New Zealand and the Slovak Republic, where road infrastructure is regarded as a catalyst for economic progress. Investment in public capital, such as road infrastructure, has economic benefits since it acts as the economy's backbone. The Eastern Cape's growth has been acknowledged and included in South Africa's national development strategies and efforts; nonetheless, based on deliverables and results, the province ranks among South Africa's least developed provinces. The Eastern Cape has long been designated by development programmes such as the Spatial Development Initiative (SDI) as an area that will not only generate development and progress for the province, but also for South Africa as a whole. This is sought to be achieved by the Spatial Development Initiative for the Wild-Coast in OR Tambo District Municipality, which states that "integrated sustainable rural development in the context of community, public, and private partnership initiatives.”, p. 2) This research contributes to the goal of research, which includes testing, the identification of causes and consequences, the building of a foundation for future research, and the growth of knowledge (Apuke, 2017, p. 40). The study follows a quantitative research approach and uses two main methodological procedures in order to complete this study; namely a literature review and questionnaire survey. Employees of the South African Department of Transport's National Road Infrastructure implementing agent SANRAL make up the research population in this study. The study concludes that the delivery of an effective road network in the OR v Tambo Region can serve as the base for the establishment of innovative PPP policies, the pillar of socio-economic development and transformation. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Malotana, Sinesipho
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Roads -- Maintenance and repair , Municipal services
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57819 , vital:58273
- Description: The term "road infrastructure" refers to the roads and structures that are used to convey commuters and goods. In the numerous road facilities, structures, road classifications, electronic traffic systems, signage, and markings, the mission of road infrastructure is to assist efficiency by providing safety and trouble-free transportation. There are fundamental elements that determine the availability of resources required in society and the efficiency with which they are used to accomplish economic growth. Investment in public capital, such as road infrastructure, which is a major economic engine, is critical because infrastructure helps an economy thrive. The importance of road infrastructure and the major role it plays in economic growth can be seen in studies in developed European nations, New Zealand and the Slovak Republic, where road infrastructure is regarded as a catalyst for economic progress. Investment in public capital, such as road infrastructure, has economic benefits since it acts as the economy's backbone. The Eastern Cape's growth has been acknowledged and included in South Africa's national development strategies and efforts; nonetheless, based on deliverables and results, the province ranks among South Africa's least developed provinces. The Eastern Cape has long been designated by development programmes such as the Spatial Development Initiative (SDI) as an area that will not only generate development and progress for the province, but also for South Africa as a whole. This is sought to be achieved by the Spatial Development Initiative for the Wild-Coast in OR Tambo District Municipality, which states that "integrated sustainable rural development in the context of community, public, and private partnership initiatives.”, p. 2) This research contributes to the goal of research, which includes testing, the identification of causes and consequences, the building of a foundation for future research, and the growth of knowledge (Apuke, 2017, p. 40). The study follows a quantitative research approach and uses two main methodological procedures in order to complete this study; namely a literature review and questionnaire survey. Employees of the South African Department of Transport's National Road Infrastructure implementing agent SANRAL make up the research population in this study. The study concludes that the delivery of an effective road network in the OR v Tambo Region can serve as the base for the establishment of innovative PPP policies, the pillar of socio-economic development and transformation. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Mentoring of women-owning SMEs in the South African construction industry
- Authors: Bingwa, Nelisa
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Construction industry , Small business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57535 , vital:58059
- Description: Challenges of women-owning small business have been noted in different economic industries globally. This situation is even more prevalent in the construction industry, where women face special challenges connected to their historic exclusion in the industry. Women small and medium enterprises in the construction industry grow slowly, lack crucial skills and industry experience, making it difficult for them to sustain their businesses. In this regard, mentoring has been acknowledged globally as a viable avenue to assist in developing women-owning small businesses and their chosen business careers. Mentoring in South Africa is acknowledged for its ability to develop the skills of small businesses owners. Accordingly, the mentoring approach was embraced by the post-apartheid South African government to eliminate past apartheid-induced socio- economic inequalities to develop women-owning SMEs across complex businesses such as the construction industry. Numerous mentorship policies have been introduced to obviate the challenges experienced by previously discriminated groups such as women to whom small-medium enterprise opportunities in the construction industry were hitherto inaccessible. Despite such ameliorative measures and interventions, women-owning SMEs in the construction industry continue to experience stagnant business growth and relatively higher business failure rates. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to ascertain the enabling conditions necessary for effective mentoring of women-owning small and medium enterprises in the South African construction industry. The study adopted a qualitative interpretivistic approach that provided insights into mentoring experiences and challenges facing women’s small and medium enterprises in the construction industry. Literature was gathered on small businesses with special reference to women small and medium enterprises in construction and by contextualising issues relating to mentoring such enterprises, especially in the construction industry. Data was gathered from interviews with 18 participants using face-to-face interviews and online platforms such as Teams and WhatsApp. Participants included women-owning small businesses whose businesses have been in operation for a minimum of two years and have participated in mentoring at some point during the operation of their business. Data was analysed inductively by means of content and thematic analyses using a combination of manifest, latent and constant comparative content analyse. The results of the interviews showed that the conditions necessary to create an enabling mentoring of women-owning SMEs in the construction industry include: specific policy v development, public and private sector involvement, industry-related mentoring, provision of female role models, increasing public awareness, provision of basic resources to participate, duration of programmes, mentor and mentee commitment and mentors with exceptional characteristics. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Bingwa, Nelisa
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Construction industry , Small business
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57535 , vital:58059
- Description: Challenges of women-owning small business have been noted in different economic industries globally. This situation is even more prevalent in the construction industry, where women face special challenges connected to their historic exclusion in the industry. Women small and medium enterprises in the construction industry grow slowly, lack crucial skills and industry experience, making it difficult for them to sustain their businesses. In this regard, mentoring has been acknowledged globally as a viable avenue to assist in developing women-owning small businesses and their chosen business careers. Mentoring in South Africa is acknowledged for its ability to develop the skills of small businesses owners. Accordingly, the mentoring approach was embraced by the post-apartheid South African government to eliminate past apartheid-induced socio- economic inequalities to develop women-owning SMEs across complex businesses such as the construction industry. Numerous mentorship policies have been introduced to obviate the challenges experienced by previously discriminated groups such as women to whom small-medium enterprise opportunities in the construction industry were hitherto inaccessible. Despite such ameliorative measures and interventions, women-owning SMEs in the construction industry continue to experience stagnant business growth and relatively higher business failure rates. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to ascertain the enabling conditions necessary for effective mentoring of women-owning small and medium enterprises in the South African construction industry. The study adopted a qualitative interpretivistic approach that provided insights into mentoring experiences and challenges facing women’s small and medium enterprises in the construction industry. Literature was gathered on small businesses with special reference to women small and medium enterprises in construction and by contextualising issues relating to mentoring such enterprises, especially in the construction industry. Data was gathered from interviews with 18 participants using face-to-face interviews and online platforms such as Teams and WhatsApp. Participants included women-owning small businesses whose businesses have been in operation for a minimum of two years and have participated in mentoring at some point during the operation of their business. Data was analysed inductively by means of content and thematic analyses using a combination of manifest, latent and constant comparative content analyse. The results of the interviews showed that the conditions necessary to create an enabling mentoring of women-owning SMEs in the construction industry include: specific policy v development, public and private sector involvement, industry-related mentoring, provision of female role models, increasing public awareness, provision of basic resources to participate, duration of programmes, mentor and mentee commitment and mentors with exceptional characteristics. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Multirotor UAV-based autonomous rural security system
- Welgemoed, Jacques Christian
- Authors: Welgemoed, Jacques Christian
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Mechatronics , Computer security -- Software
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58544 , vital:59761
- Description: This dissertation presents the development, implementation and experimental verification of a multirator UAV-based autonomous rural security system. this system is capable of autonomously responding to security-related events, broadcasting and analysing a video feed of the event, returning to a home position, and performing a precision landing using onbroad intelligence, computer vision, and state-of-the-art flight control software. this research is intended to address some of the issues associated with security in rural areas, for example, farmlands by providing a rapid response mechanism. An integrated hardware and software architecture was developed to achieve the aim and objectives of this research. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Welgemoed, Jacques Christian
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Mechatronics , Computer security -- Software
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58544 , vital:59761
- Description: This dissertation presents the development, implementation and experimental verification of a multirator UAV-based autonomous rural security system. this system is capable of autonomously responding to security-related events, broadcasting and analysing a video feed of the event, returning to a home position, and performing a precision landing using onbroad intelligence, computer vision, and state-of-the-art flight control software. this research is intended to address some of the issues associated with security in rural areas, for example, farmlands by providing a rapid response mechanism. An integrated hardware and software architecture was developed to achieve the aim and objectives of this research. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Ownership and occupation contestations in South Africa: the case of state housing in Buffalo City Municipality, Eastern Cape
- Authors: Msindo, Esteri Makotore
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Public housing South Africa Buffalo City , Squatters South Africa Buffalo City , Occupancy (Law) South Africa , Acquisition of property South Africa Buffalo City , Right of property South Africa Buffalo City , Sociology, Urban South Africa Buffalo City , Marginality, Social South Africa Buffalo City , Human rights South Africa , Acquisition of property Moral and ethical aspects South Africa Buffalo City , Urban poor South Africa Buffalo City Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral thesis , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232790 , vital:50025 , DOI 10.21504/10962/232790
- Description: This thesis examines contestations around access to state-provided housing or simply state housing in South Africa, using a case study of two sites in Buffalo City Municipality, and with a particular focus on occupation without ownership through informal and illegal means. While the South African state, based on an official human rights discourse and regime, seeks to provide state housing to the urban poor, massive housing backlogs continue to exist within urban spaces. As a result, the urban poor turn to self-provisioning through the construction of informal settlements or backyard shacks, waiting at times indefinitely to be allocated a state house via the official housing waiting lists. To overcome this problem, some amongst the urban poor opt to circumvent the process by invading and illegally occupying state houses, leading to occupation without ownership. In doing so, they draw upon their own moral rights-claims to justify their actions. The thesis examines the multiple causes for occupation and ownership contestations in the two research sites as well as the different forms that these contestations take. The study is framed theoretically in terms of a sociology of human rights, identifying and analysing how moral claims to rights amongst ordinary people often come into conflict with a legal-institutional conception of rights adopted by the state. The study also draws on a diverse array of theorists whose work speaks to the manner in which ordinary citizens develop their own ways of acting contrary to state officialdom. Using interpretive sociology, the study considers the views and practices of those illegally occupying houses without ownership and those who feel victimised by these informal actions. It considers these intra-community dynamics in light of the machinations of local state powerholders at municipal level. As with interpretive sociology, then, the thesis privileges social realms of meanings, interpretations, experiences and practices of human agents. Informal state housing occupations in the Buffalo City Municipality are caused by a number of factors related to state incapacity, weak policies and poor planning, corruption, resource constraints and so on. The study vividly demonstrates the tensions arising and existing between the South African state’s legal human rights regime and locally-constructed moral-rights regimes amongst the urban poor. This tension is seen in the interrelated phenomena of ‘occupation without ownership’ and ‘ownership without occupation’, as the poor draw upon and use ordinary logics of rights for recourse. The thesis shows how diverse rights regimes lead to intra-community conflict, in particular along generational and racial lines. , Thesis (PhD) -- Humanities, Sociology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Msindo, Esteri Makotore
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Public housing South Africa Buffalo City , Squatters South Africa Buffalo City , Occupancy (Law) South Africa , Acquisition of property South Africa Buffalo City , Right of property South Africa Buffalo City , Sociology, Urban South Africa Buffalo City , Marginality, Social South Africa Buffalo City , Human rights South Africa , Acquisition of property Moral and ethical aspects South Africa Buffalo City , Urban poor South Africa Buffalo City Social conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral thesis , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/232790 , vital:50025 , DOI 10.21504/10962/232790
- Description: This thesis examines contestations around access to state-provided housing or simply state housing in South Africa, using a case study of two sites in Buffalo City Municipality, and with a particular focus on occupation without ownership through informal and illegal means. While the South African state, based on an official human rights discourse and regime, seeks to provide state housing to the urban poor, massive housing backlogs continue to exist within urban spaces. As a result, the urban poor turn to self-provisioning through the construction of informal settlements or backyard shacks, waiting at times indefinitely to be allocated a state house via the official housing waiting lists. To overcome this problem, some amongst the urban poor opt to circumvent the process by invading and illegally occupying state houses, leading to occupation without ownership. In doing so, they draw upon their own moral rights-claims to justify their actions. The thesis examines the multiple causes for occupation and ownership contestations in the two research sites as well as the different forms that these contestations take. The study is framed theoretically in terms of a sociology of human rights, identifying and analysing how moral claims to rights amongst ordinary people often come into conflict with a legal-institutional conception of rights adopted by the state. The study also draws on a diverse array of theorists whose work speaks to the manner in which ordinary citizens develop their own ways of acting contrary to state officialdom. Using interpretive sociology, the study considers the views and practices of those illegally occupying houses without ownership and those who feel victimised by these informal actions. It considers these intra-community dynamics in light of the machinations of local state powerholders at municipal level. As with interpretive sociology, then, the thesis privileges social realms of meanings, interpretations, experiences and practices of human agents. Informal state housing occupations in the Buffalo City Municipality are caused by a number of factors related to state incapacity, weak policies and poor planning, corruption, resource constraints and so on. The study vividly demonstrates the tensions arising and existing between the South African state’s legal human rights regime and locally-constructed moral-rights regimes amongst the urban poor. This tension is seen in the interrelated phenomena of ‘occupation without ownership’ and ‘ownership without occupation’, as the poor draw upon and use ordinary logics of rights for recourse. The thesis shows how diverse rights regimes lead to intra-community conflict, in particular along generational and racial lines. , Thesis (PhD) -- Humanities, Sociology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa
- Authors: Mthi, Yolokazi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Bus travel -- South Africa , Bus industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57969 , vital:58451
- Description: The transportation industry makes a significant contribution to the economy of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), national investment and employment, and plays an essential role in people’s daily lives. Within the transportation industry, this study specifically focused on long-distance coach liners. Long-distance coach liners add significant value to South Africa’s economy. However, no research focusing specifically on passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa exists. Thus, the study aims to fill this void by investigating passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa. The five dimensions of an experience, namely aesthetics, entertainment, peace of mind, economic value and efficiency were identified as potential dimensions of measuring passengers’ experience within a long-distance coach liner context to achieve the aim of the study. The study employed convenience and snowballing sampling to identify potential respondents. Primary data was collected utilising an online survey, SurveyMonkey, and 399 useable responses were received. To strengthen the validity of this study, inferential statistics were used to examine exploratory factor analysis to find latent factors. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was executed on the 44 items intended to measure the independent and dependent variables. The EFA was executed on the correlation matrix between the items. Five factors were extracted for the independent factors and one factor extracted as a dependent factor. A reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) was calculated for each factor to estimate the internal consistency of each of the items. The identified factors, with their respective items, were found to be reliable. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the mean score of selected profile variables (age, occupation, travel purpose and frequency with which respondents had travelled by long-distance coach liner) and the study's identified factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence or predictive effect that one or more (independent) variables has concerning the other (dependent) variable. In the current study, multiple regression analysis was utilised to examine the influence of the independent factors on the dependent variable. vi The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between factors such as aesthetics, entertainment, peace of mind, economic value and efficiency and passengers’ satisfaction. This implies that all the independent factors influence passengers’ satisfaction. However, only two factors namely efficiency (ꞵ=0.455, p=0.000) and peace of mind (ꞵ=0.552, p=0.000) were found to be significant predictors of passengers’ satisfaction. This implies that when efficiency and peace of mind are improved, customer satisfaction will also increase. Based on the findings of the study, valuable recommendations were highlighted in Chapter 6 of the study. The study will make important contributions. Firstly, the findings will assist long-distance coach liner businesses to improve their competitive position by enhancing the experiences and satisfaction that they offer to passengers. Secondly, the study contributes to the literature on passengers’ experience and satisfaction within the transportation industry in South Africa. Thirdly, the empirical results will serve as a foundation for future research. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mthi, Yolokazi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Bus travel -- South Africa , Bus industry -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57969 , vital:58451
- Description: The transportation industry makes a significant contribution to the economy of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), national investment and employment, and plays an essential role in people’s daily lives. Within the transportation industry, this study specifically focused on long-distance coach liners. Long-distance coach liners add significant value to South Africa’s economy. However, no research focusing specifically on passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa exists. Thus, the study aims to fill this void by investigating passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa. The five dimensions of an experience, namely aesthetics, entertainment, peace of mind, economic value and efficiency were identified as potential dimensions of measuring passengers’ experience within a long-distance coach liner context to achieve the aim of the study. The study employed convenience and snowballing sampling to identify potential respondents. Primary data was collected utilising an online survey, SurveyMonkey, and 399 useable responses were received. To strengthen the validity of this study, inferential statistics were used to examine exploratory factor analysis to find latent factors. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was executed on the 44 items intended to measure the independent and dependent variables. The EFA was executed on the correlation matrix between the items. Five factors were extracted for the independent factors and one factor extracted as a dependent factor. A reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) was calculated for each factor to estimate the internal consistency of each of the items. The identified factors, with their respective items, were found to be reliable. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the mean score of selected profile variables (age, occupation, travel purpose and frequency with which respondents had travelled by long-distance coach liner) and the study's identified factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence or predictive effect that one or more (independent) variables has concerning the other (dependent) variable. In the current study, multiple regression analysis was utilised to examine the influence of the independent factors on the dependent variable. vi The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between factors such as aesthetics, entertainment, peace of mind, economic value and efficiency and passengers’ satisfaction. This implies that all the independent factors influence passengers’ satisfaction. However, only two factors namely efficiency (ꞵ=0.455, p=0.000) and peace of mind (ꞵ=0.552, p=0.000) were found to be significant predictors of passengers’ satisfaction. This implies that when efficiency and peace of mind are improved, customer satisfaction will also increase. Based on the findings of the study, valuable recommendations were highlighted in Chapter 6 of the study. The study will make important contributions. Firstly, the findings will assist long-distance coach liner businesses to improve their competitive position by enhancing the experiences and satisfaction that they offer to passengers. Secondly, the study contributes to the literature on passengers’ experience and satisfaction within the transportation industry in South Africa. Thirdly, the empirical results will serve as a foundation for future research. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa
- Authors: Mthi, Yolokazi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Transportation--South Africa , Buses-South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55679 , vital:53406
- Description: The transportation industry makes a significant contribution to the economy of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), national investment and employment, and plays an essential role in people’s daily lives. Within the transportation industry, this study specifically focused on long-distance coach liners. Long-distance coach liners add significant value to South Africa’s economy. However, no research focusing specifically on passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa exists. Thus, the study aims to fill this void by investigating passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa. The five dimensions of an experience, namely aesthetics, entertainment, peace of mind, economic value and efficiency were identified as potential dimensions of measuring passengers’ experience within a long-distance coach liner context to achieve the aim of the study. The study employed convenience and snowballing sampling to identify potential respondents. Primary data was collected utilising an online survey, SurveyMonkey, and 399 useable responses were received. To strengthen the validity of this study, inferential statistics were used to examine exploratory factor analysis to find latent factors. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was executed on the 44 items intended to measure the independent and dependent variables. The EFA was executed on the correlation matrix between the items. Five factors were extracted for the independent factors and one factor extracted as a dependent factor. A reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) was calculated for each factor to estimate the internal consistency of each of the items. The identified factors, with their respective items, were found to be reliable. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the mean score of selected profile variables (age, occupation, travel purpose and frequency with which respondents had travelled by long-distance coach liner) and the study's identified factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence or predictive effect that one or more (independent) variables has concerning the other (dependent) variable. In the current study, multiple regression analysis was utilised to examine the influence of the independent factors on the dependent variable. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Marketing Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mthi, Yolokazi
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Transportation--South Africa , Buses-South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/55679 , vital:53406
- Description: The transportation industry makes a significant contribution to the economy of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), national investment and employment, and plays an essential role in people’s daily lives. Within the transportation industry, this study specifically focused on long-distance coach liners. Long-distance coach liners add significant value to South Africa’s economy. However, no research focusing specifically on passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa exists. Thus, the study aims to fill this void by investigating passengers’ perceived experience and satisfaction with long-distance coach liners in South Africa. The five dimensions of an experience, namely aesthetics, entertainment, peace of mind, economic value and efficiency were identified as potential dimensions of measuring passengers’ experience within a long-distance coach liner context to achieve the aim of the study. The study employed convenience and snowballing sampling to identify potential respondents. Primary data was collected utilising an online survey, SurveyMonkey, and 399 useable responses were received. To strengthen the validity of this study, inferential statistics were used to examine exploratory factor analysis to find latent factors. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was executed on the 44 items intended to measure the independent and dependent variables. The EFA was executed on the correlation matrix between the items. Five factors were extracted for the independent factors and one factor extracted as a dependent factor. A reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) was calculated for each factor to estimate the internal consistency of each of the items. The identified factors, with their respective items, were found to be reliable. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were any statistically significant differences between the mean score of selected profile variables (age, occupation, travel purpose and frequency with which respondents had travelled by long-distance coach liner) and the study's identified factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence or predictive effect that one or more (independent) variables has concerning the other (dependent) variable. In the current study, multiple regression analysis was utilised to examine the influence of the independent factors on the dependent variable. , Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, Marketing Management, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Perceived impacts of Swartkop Nature Reserve on community livelihoods in Motherwell, Gqeberha
- Authors: Pebane, Mpho Arnold
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Nature Reserve -- Gqeberha , Effect of pollution on
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58135 , vital:58589
- Description: This study investigated the perceived impacts of Swartkop Nature Reserve on community livelihoods in Motherwell, Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The study was motivated by tons of litter and rubble due to neglect of the nature reserve by the community and the municipality. These problems have the potential to cause pollution and ecological degradation. The study was therefore pursued to understand the reasons behind the neglect of the nature reserve, determine how the community is involved in governance and management of the nature reserve and analyse their perceptions about the impact of Swartkop Nature Reserve on their livelihood and community development. The qualitative research methodology was utilised and primary data obtained through self-administered unstructured interviews with thirty-two participants. The participants of the study were from the community of Motherwell; particularly residents of wards 6, 7 and 9. These residents were chosen because of their proximity to the nature reserve and the fact that they are more affected than any other ward that is not as close to the nature reserve. The study found that lack of education and awareness, lack of collaboration between the community and municipality, lack of activism among residents, poor upbringing of some participants are some of the reasons that have contributed towards littering and illegal dumping. Furthermore, failure by the municipality to provide services to the community, especially in collecting refuse and provision of designated landfill, was another finding about what has contributed to the littering on the nature reserve. In terms of impact on livelihoods, the study revealed several activities such as farming, harvesting of medicinal plants, recreational activities, recycling and fishing which could enable the community benefit from the nature reserve. Based on the findings, the study recommends a redeclaration of Swartkop Nature Reserve to incorporate heritage and culture as predominant activities that should take place. Furthermore, it is recommended that the municipality should strive to halt the expansion of the informal settlement and illegal dumping of refuse and rubble in the nature reserve as these are major risks that threaten the biodiversity of the nature reserve. A partnership was proposed between the municipality and the community vi through its Community Trust and Ward-Based Cooperatives as consultative platforms. This partnership between the municipality and community should champion the conservation of the nature reserve which will include reserve management planning, fencing and security, law enforcement, rehabilitation, reintroduction of animals and socio-economic development to create employment and entrepreneurial opportunities for the community of Motherwell. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Pebane, Mpho Arnold
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Nature Reserve -- Gqeberha , Effect of pollution on
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58135 , vital:58589
- Description: This study investigated the perceived impacts of Swartkop Nature Reserve on community livelihoods in Motherwell, Gqeberha in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The study was motivated by tons of litter and rubble due to neglect of the nature reserve by the community and the municipality. These problems have the potential to cause pollution and ecological degradation. The study was therefore pursued to understand the reasons behind the neglect of the nature reserve, determine how the community is involved in governance and management of the nature reserve and analyse their perceptions about the impact of Swartkop Nature Reserve on their livelihood and community development. The qualitative research methodology was utilised and primary data obtained through self-administered unstructured interviews with thirty-two participants. The participants of the study were from the community of Motherwell; particularly residents of wards 6, 7 and 9. These residents were chosen because of their proximity to the nature reserve and the fact that they are more affected than any other ward that is not as close to the nature reserve. The study found that lack of education and awareness, lack of collaboration between the community and municipality, lack of activism among residents, poor upbringing of some participants are some of the reasons that have contributed towards littering and illegal dumping. Furthermore, failure by the municipality to provide services to the community, especially in collecting refuse and provision of designated landfill, was another finding about what has contributed to the littering on the nature reserve. In terms of impact on livelihoods, the study revealed several activities such as farming, harvesting of medicinal plants, recreational activities, recycling and fishing which could enable the community benefit from the nature reserve. Based on the findings, the study recommends a redeclaration of Swartkop Nature Reserve to incorporate heritage and culture as predominant activities that should take place. Furthermore, it is recommended that the municipality should strive to halt the expansion of the informal settlement and illegal dumping of refuse and rubble in the nature reserve as these are major risks that threaten the biodiversity of the nature reserve. A partnership was proposed between the municipality and the community vi through its Community Trust and Ward-Based Cooperatives as consultative platforms. This partnership between the municipality and community should champion the conservation of the nature reserve which will include reserve management planning, fencing and security, law enforcement, rehabilitation, reintroduction of animals and socio-economic development to create employment and entrepreneurial opportunities for the community of Motherwell. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Perceptions of Role Players in the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Sector in South Africa Regarding the Proposal of a National Health Insurance System
- Authors: Essex, Laycan
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Pharmaceutical industry -- South Africa , National Health Insurance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58849 , vital:60218
- Description: The proposed implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) is attracting considerable interest among healthcare workers, as observed in the large quantity of available literary evidence. The available research is mainly focused on the perceptions of healthcare workers, working under the proposed NHI reform. Based on a literature gap observed in recently published articles on perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding the implementation of NHI, the researcher aimed to assess the opinions of key stakeholders in the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector in South Africa. This study employed a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders employed in the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. Their perceptions regarding the NHI were analysed and interpreted through thematic analysis in order to determine whether they have a positive or a negative perception towards the introduction of the NHI reform in South Africa. The majority of role players are in full support of NHI and there was a consensus amongst the participants that there will be great opportunities for the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. Regarding the capabilities relating to capacity to supply, participants felt that South Africa’s pharmaceutical manufacturing sector has sufficient infrastructure to support the roll out of the NHI. Furthermore, participants felt positive about increased accessibility to pharmaceutical care by all South Africans, regardless of race, social and economic status. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Essex, Laycan
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Pharmaceutical industry -- South Africa , National Health Insurance
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58849 , vital:60218
- Description: The proposed implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) is attracting considerable interest among healthcare workers, as observed in the large quantity of available literary evidence. The available research is mainly focused on the perceptions of healthcare workers, working under the proposed NHI reform. Based on a literature gap observed in recently published articles on perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding the implementation of NHI, the researcher aimed to assess the opinions of key stakeholders in the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector in South Africa. This study employed a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders employed in the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. Their perceptions regarding the NHI were analysed and interpreted through thematic analysis in order to determine whether they have a positive or a negative perception towards the introduction of the NHI reform in South Africa. The majority of role players are in full support of NHI and there was a consensus amongst the participants that there will be great opportunities for the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. Regarding the capabilities relating to capacity to supply, participants felt that South Africa’s pharmaceutical manufacturing sector has sufficient infrastructure to support the roll out of the NHI. Furthermore, participants felt positive about increased accessibility to pharmaceutical care by all South Africans, regardless of race, social and economic status. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Perceptions of South African original equipment manufacturers about pursuing new global electrical vehicle strategy
- Authors: Mmushi, Thabang
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Electric vehicles , Motor vehicles
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57936 , vital:58429
- Description: Global strategy in the automotive industry focusses on limiting climate changes and preservation of natural resources by gradually shifting towards non-gas emission transportation such as electrical vehicles (EVs). The strategic thinking and planning have advanced significantly globally. Automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEM’s) are responding to this growing demand of EVs by focusing investments on the research and development (R&D) and setting up manufacturing facilities. This EV strategy showed great degree of success already over the past few years. (Nathalie Ortar & Marianne Ryghaug, 2019) In 2013, sales of EVs were introduced in the South African market. The adoption of EVs is very low and existing studies suggest consumer perceptions towards EVs and possible social economic barriers in the South African automotive market prevent the adoption or intention to purchase EVs. The purpose of this research study was to unpack perception withholding the uptake of the EVs manufacturing in South Africa. It aimed to assess the barriers of the local automotive industry in pursuing the global strategy. The research structure was realised through conducting a literature review to explore the existing research topic. Empirical research evidence was obtained through conducting interviews which targeted existing OEMs whom the parent plants are currently manufacturing EVs globally. The study focused on key factors such as consumer knowledge, local infrastructure, and market uncertainty about EVs. The findings of the study highlighted consumers are knowledgeable about the benefits of owning EVs. However, the willingness set up a manufacturing infrastructure for EVs was highly not favourable for a majority of the factors such as power supply shortage, EVs supply chain shortage, small local market, and lack of proactive policies to drive EVs adoption or attract global investment. With these perceived positive opinions from respondents, it is down to government and private companies to work in cohesion to provide a conducive environment for EVs manufacturing in future. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Mmushi, Thabang
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Electric vehicles , Motor vehicles
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/57936 , vital:58429
- Description: Global strategy in the automotive industry focusses on limiting climate changes and preservation of natural resources by gradually shifting towards non-gas emission transportation such as electrical vehicles (EVs). The strategic thinking and planning have advanced significantly globally. Automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEM’s) are responding to this growing demand of EVs by focusing investments on the research and development (R&D) and setting up manufacturing facilities. This EV strategy showed great degree of success already over the past few years. (Nathalie Ortar & Marianne Ryghaug, 2019) In 2013, sales of EVs were introduced in the South African market. The adoption of EVs is very low and existing studies suggest consumer perceptions towards EVs and possible social economic barriers in the South African automotive market prevent the adoption or intention to purchase EVs. The purpose of this research study was to unpack perception withholding the uptake of the EVs manufacturing in South Africa. It aimed to assess the barriers of the local automotive industry in pursuing the global strategy. The research structure was realised through conducting a literature review to explore the existing research topic. Empirical research evidence was obtained through conducting interviews which targeted existing OEMs whom the parent plants are currently manufacturing EVs globally. The study focused on key factors such as consumer knowledge, local infrastructure, and market uncertainty about EVs. The findings of the study highlighted consumers are knowledgeable about the benefits of owning EVs. However, the willingness set up a manufacturing infrastructure for EVs was highly not favourable for a majority of the factors such as power supply shortage, EVs supply chain shortage, small local market, and lack of proactive policies to drive EVs adoption or attract global investment. With these perceived positive opinions from respondents, it is down to government and private companies to work in cohesion to provide a conducive environment for EVs manufacturing in future. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical evaluation of helichrysum petiolare hilliard & b.l. burtt - an indigenous plant traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes in the eastern cape province of South Africa
- Aladejana, Adebowale Emmanuel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1871-926X
- Authors: Aladejana, Adebowale Emmanuel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1871-926X
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Diabetes -- Alternative treatment , Traditional medicine , Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22787 , vital:52755
- Description: Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death in South Africa, and it has already placed significant stress on the country’s health sector and economy. The orthodox hypoglycaemic drugs are not only ineffective in the management of the disease and its complications, but they also possess unwanted side effects. The need for alternative non-toxic drugs is therefore imperative. Various studies have listed several medicinal plants that can be successfully used in the herbal treatment of diabetes and have investigated them for their anti-diabetic potentials in vivo and/or in vitro. Out of the different potential herbal species, plants belonging to the Asteraceae family possess highly potent hypoglycaemic properties with negligible toxicities. Five Asteraceae plants widely used in different parts of South Africa for the treatment of diabetes were reviewed. The review provided an update of scientific evidence on the hypoglycaemic properties of the plants. However, Helichrysum petiolare was studied extensively in this study for its antidiabetic activity H. petiolare has been listed in many ethnobotanical surveys as a plant with potent hypoglycaemic potential, this, however, has not been properly verified in scientific literature and there has hardly been any study on the essential oil and nutritional composition, and antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cytotoxicity potentials of the plant. The effects of hydro-distillation (HD) and solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) methods on the chemical constituents of H. petiolare-derived essential oils were evaluated. The SFME method had a higher yield of essential oil than the HD. There were substantial amounts of monoterpenes, monoterpene alcohols, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpene alcohols in both essential oils obtained, but these compounds were more profound in the SFME derived essential oil which has 62 compounds compared to the 52 derived through HD. The SFME derived essential oil can therefore be said to be of better quality than the HD method. The compounds obtained in the essential oils have high pharmaceutical and cosmetic value, and as observed in this study, their quantity is dependent on the method of extraction (Ibáñez and Blázquez, 2021; Kaur et al., 2021). The proximate analysis of the whole plant of H. petiolare showed high levels of Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), vitamins (A, C and E), Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), and minerals. The high ADF level is believed to be responsible for the low energy, fat and carbohydrate levels observed in the study. The result showed a high level of oxalate and therefore suggests cooking of the plant before human consumption. Overall nutrition and mineral compositions of the plant showed that H. petiolare is immensely rich in vital nutrients that are of great importance to health and metabolism; these nutrients are suggested to be partly responsible for the plant’s useful medicinal properties. The phytochemical contents of the acetone (ACQ), ethanol (ETQ), and boiled (BAQ) and cold (CAQ) aqueous whole-plant extracts of Helichrysum petiolare were determined using standard phytochemical reaction methods. ABTS, DPPH, NO and TAC assays were used to evaluate their antioxidant properties. The highest total phenolic content (212,963 mg/g) was reported in the BAQ extract, while the ETQ had the highest flavonoid (172.393 mg/g) and proanthocyanidin contents (65.855 mg/g). Alkaloids, flavonols, and saponin were highest in the ACQ extract, while the CAQ had the lowest phytochemical content. Among the extracts, the BAQ had the highest DPPH•+ (IC50 0.02 mg/mL) and ABTS•+ (IC50 0.07) inhibition capacities, while the ETQ exhibited the highest NO• Inhibition (IC50 0.41 mg/mL) and TAC (IC50 0.19 mg/mL). These findings justify the use of H. petiolare in traditional medicine and further recommend the ETQ and BAQ extracts of the plant as more effective extracts for medicinal treatment. The hepatotoxicity (cytotoxicity, mitotoxicity and lipotoxicity) potential of the BAQ, CAQ and ETQ extracts of Helichrysum petiolare was evaluated using standard procedures. The results showed negligible BAQ and CAQ cytotoxicities, which were further, corroborated by stability in the mitochondrial membrane potentials and were congruent with the CAQ and BAQ results for steatosis and phospholipidosis. The data suggested favourable CAQ and BAQ toxicity profiles with limited risks for hepatotoxicity. The ETQ extract, however, showed significantly high levels of cytotoxicity and lipotoxicity, and a low level of mitotoxicity. Our result suggested a potential risk of the ETQ extract for hepatotoxicity but appears partly independent of direct mitochondrial involvement. Glucose uptake assay showed significantly increased glucose uptake in the BAQ and CAQ treated L6 and C3A cell lines. The CAQ extract enhanced glucose uptake more in the L6 myocytes than in the C3A cell-lines hepatocytes. The BAQ extract showed higher levels of inhibition on α–amylase and α-glucosidase activities as compared to CAQ. The BAQ and CAQ extracts of H. petiolare may, therefore, contain pharmacologically active and relatively non-toxic hypoglycaemic chemicals, which may be effective substitutes in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study provides up to date scientific information on the use of H. petiolare in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. It justifies the use of this plant in herbal medicine and sheds more light on its previously vaguely understood nutritional and medicinal potentials. More studies, however, need to be done to isolate, identify and purify the constituent bioactive compound(s). Their dosage of application and mode of action also needs to be understood. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Aladejana, Adebowale Emmanuel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1871-926X
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Diabetes -- Alternative treatment , Traditional medicine , Medicinal plants
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/22787 , vital:52755
- Description: Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death in South Africa, and it has already placed significant stress on the country’s health sector and economy. The orthodox hypoglycaemic drugs are not only ineffective in the management of the disease and its complications, but they also possess unwanted side effects. The need for alternative non-toxic drugs is therefore imperative. Various studies have listed several medicinal plants that can be successfully used in the herbal treatment of diabetes and have investigated them for their anti-diabetic potentials in vivo and/or in vitro. Out of the different potential herbal species, plants belonging to the Asteraceae family possess highly potent hypoglycaemic properties with negligible toxicities. Five Asteraceae plants widely used in different parts of South Africa for the treatment of diabetes were reviewed. The review provided an update of scientific evidence on the hypoglycaemic properties of the plants. However, Helichrysum petiolare was studied extensively in this study for its antidiabetic activity H. petiolare has been listed in many ethnobotanical surveys as a plant with potent hypoglycaemic potential, this, however, has not been properly verified in scientific literature and there has hardly been any study on the essential oil and nutritional composition, and antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cytotoxicity potentials of the plant. The effects of hydro-distillation (HD) and solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) methods on the chemical constituents of H. petiolare-derived essential oils were evaluated. The SFME method had a higher yield of essential oil than the HD. There were substantial amounts of monoterpenes, monoterpene alcohols, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpene alcohols in both essential oils obtained, but these compounds were more profound in the SFME derived essential oil which has 62 compounds compared to the 52 derived through HD. The SFME derived essential oil can therefore be said to be of better quality than the HD method. The compounds obtained in the essential oils have high pharmaceutical and cosmetic value, and as observed in this study, their quantity is dependent on the method of extraction (Ibáñez and Blázquez, 2021; Kaur et al., 2021). The proximate analysis of the whole plant of H. petiolare showed high levels of Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), vitamins (A, C and E), Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), and minerals. The high ADF level is believed to be responsible for the low energy, fat and carbohydrate levels observed in the study. The result showed a high level of oxalate and therefore suggests cooking of the plant before human consumption. Overall nutrition and mineral compositions of the plant showed that H. petiolare is immensely rich in vital nutrients that are of great importance to health and metabolism; these nutrients are suggested to be partly responsible for the plant’s useful medicinal properties. The phytochemical contents of the acetone (ACQ), ethanol (ETQ), and boiled (BAQ) and cold (CAQ) aqueous whole-plant extracts of Helichrysum petiolare were determined using standard phytochemical reaction methods. ABTS, DPPH, NO and TAC assays were used to evaluate their antioxidant properties. The highest total phenolic content (212,963 mg/g) was reported in the BAQ extract, while the ETQ had the highest flavonoid (172.393 mg/g) and proanthocyanidin contents (65.855 mg/g). Alkaloids, flavonols, and saponin were highest in the ACQ extract, while the CAQ had the lowest phytochemical content. Among the extracts, the BAQ had the highest DPPH•+ (IC50 0.02 mg/mL) and ABTS•+ (IC50 0.07) inhibition capacities, while the ETQ exhibited the highest NO• Inhibition (IC50 0.41 mg/mL) and TAC (IC50 0.19 mg/mL). These findings justify the use of H. petiolare in traditional medicine and further recommend the ETQ and BAQ extracts of the plant as more effective extracts for medicinal treatment. The hepatotoxicity (cytotoxicity, mitotoxicity and lipotoxicity) potential of the BAQ, CAQ and ETQ extracts of Helichrysum petiolare was evaluated using standard procedures. The results showed negligible BAQ and CAQ cytotoxicities, which were further, corroborated by stability in the mitochondrial membrane potentials and were congruent with the CAQ and BAQ results for steatosis and phospholipidosis. The data suggested favourable CAQ and BAQ toxicity profiles with limited risks for hepatotoxicity. The ETQ extract, however, showed significantly high levels of cytotoxicity and lipotoxicity, and a low level of mitotoxicity. Our result suggested a potential risk of the ETQ extract for hepatotoxicity but appears partly independent of direct mitochondrial involvement. Glucose uptake assay showed significantly increased glucose uptake in the BAQ and CAQ treated L6 and C3A cell lines. The CAQ extract enhanced glucose uptake more in the L6 myocytes than in the C3A cell-lines hepatocytes. The BAQ extract showed higher levels of inhibition on α–amylase and α-glucosidase activities as compared to CAQ. The BAQ and CAQ extracts of H. petiolare may, therefore, contain pharmacologically active and relatively non-toxic hypoglycaemic chemicals, which may be effective substitutes in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study provides up to date scientific information on the use of H. petiolare in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. It justifies the use of this plant in herbal medicine and sheds more light on its previously vaguely understood nutritional and medicinal potentials. More studies, however, need to be done to isolate, identify and purify the constituent bioactive compound(s). Their dosage of application and mode of action also needs to be understood. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Phytochemical investigation and antidiabetic activity of cissampelos capensis and strychnos henningsii the Eastern Cape medicinal plants
- Authors: Latolla, Nehemiah Solomon
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Medicinal plants -- Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Endemic plants -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56145 , vital:55956
- Description: Diabetes mellitus is recorded as a significant health crisis in South Africa and various medicinal plants are used for the management of diabetes. However, the chemistry and bioactivity associated with these plants' antidiabetic activity are still lacking. Cissampelos capensis L.f. and Strychnos henningsii Gilg are among the plants utilised to manage diabetes in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. C. capensis and S. henningsii are known for their isoquinoline – and indole alkaloids, respectively. Other phytochemical groups associated with antidiabetic activity are the phenols, flavonoids, and terpenes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in-depth the phytochemical profiling, alkaloidal identification, and structural characterisation of phytochemicals isolated from these plants. Also, subsequent in vitro antidiabetic screening of the crude extracts and isolated compounds from both plants was done. The phytochemical profiling was performed by employing a qualitative and quantitative approach through high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and UV-spectrometry. Further analysis for the identification of alkaloids was done by using LCMS. Fractionation and purification of crude extracts were achieved through crystallisation and various chromatographic techniques. NMR, HRMS, UV/Vis, FTIR, and XRD spectroscopic techniques were used to characterise isolated compounds. In vitro antidiabetic activity screening involved the investigation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, alpha-amylase – and/or alpha-glucosidase inhibition (particular to type II diabetes). C. capensis and S. henningsii extracts tested positive for alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenes through HPTLC screening. Quantitative estimation by UV spectrometry of these phytochemical groups detected the highest concentration of alkaloids, followed by flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenes content. The in vitro antidiabetic biological screening of the various crude extracts suggested that the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenes fostered favourable biological activity. The LCMS of the known alkaloidal constituents from C. capensis detected the presence of ten alkaloids, including glaziovine, lauroscholtzine, pronuciferine and vi salutardine. Seven known alkaloids and one triterpene were detected from S. henningsii, including holtsiine, 23-hdroxyspermostrychnine, henningsiine, and the triterpene, friedelin. These findings suggest that C. capensis and S. henningsii have similar phytochemical constituents compared to the species reported in literature. However, the distribution of the phytochemicals in the various plant parts differed from previous accounts. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science,School of Biomecular and Chemical Sciences , 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Latolla, Nehemiah Solomon
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Medicinal plants -- Eastern Cape (South Africa) , Endemic plants -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/56145 , vital:55956
- Description: Diabetes mellitus is recorded as a significant health crisis in South Africa and various medicinal plants are used for the management of diabetes. However, the chemistry and bioactivity associated with these plants' antidiabetic activity are still lacking. Cissampelos capensis L.f. and Strychnos henningsii Gilg are among the plants utilised to manage diabetes in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. C. capensis and S. henningsii are known for their isoquinoline – and indole alkaloids, respectively. Other phytochemical groups associated with antidiabetic activity are the phenols, flavonoids, and terpenes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in-depth the phytochemical profiling, alkaloidal identification, and structural characterisation of phytochemicals isolated from these plants. Also, subsequent in vitro antidiabetic screening of the crude extracts and isolated compounds from both plants was done. The phytochemical profiling was performed by employing a qualitative and quantitative approach through high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and UV-spectrometry. Further analysis for the identification of alkaloids was done by using LCMS. Fractionation and purification of crude extracts were achieved through crystallisation and various chromatographic techniques. NMR, HRMS, UV/Vis, FTIR, and XRD spectroscopic techniques were used to characterise isolated compounds. In vitro antidiabetic activity screening involved the investigation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, alpha-amylase – and/or alpha-glucosidase inhibition (particular to type II diabetes). C. capensis and S. henningsii extracts tested positive for alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenes through HPTLC screening. Quantitative estimation by UV spectrometry of these phytochemical groups detected the highest concentration of alkaloids, followed by flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenes content. The in vitro antidiabetic biological screening of the various crude extracts suggested that the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenes fostered favourable biological activity. The LCMS of the known alkaloidal constituents from C. capensis detected the presence of ten alkaloids, including glaziovine, lauroscholtzine, pronuciferine and vi salutardine. Seven known alkaloids and one triterpene were detected from S. henningsii, including holtsiine, 23-hdroxyspermostrychnine, henningsiine, and the triterpene, friedelin. These findings suggest that C. capensis and S. henningsii have similar phytochemical constituents compared to the species reported in literature. However, the distribution of the phytochemicals in the various plant parts differed from previous accounts. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science,School of Biomecular and Chemical Sciences , 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
Port performance and the unexplored perceptions linked to operational outputs
- Authors: Woods, Ryan
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Container terminals , Pressure vessels
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58257 , vital:58801
- Description: The role that container terminals play in global trade and building the economies of many countries, requires high levels of performance and efficient turnaround of container vessels. High performance entails providing fast, reliable and efficient port services which is a non-negotiable pre-requisite from the port’s customers. Existing port customers are the shipping lines that make use of the port systems to service their own respective business customers that make use of their shipping services. Transnet and more specifically, Ngqura Container Terminal (NCT) has always been known for providing fast, reliable and efficient port services since its opening in October 2009, with new state of the art equipment and the latest in port operating systems. Fast forward twelve years later and a steady decline in port performance and port efficiencies over the years, has led to numerous outcries from port users and the industry as a whole. Shipping lines are not satisfied with current performance levels and other port users such as trucking companies struggle with bad port performance and efficiencies. This prompted the need to look into why the performance levels has been steadily declining over the past few years. With increased pressure from shipping lines and other stakeholders, there is a glaring need to improve on port performance and efficiencies if NCT is to maintain the business it currently has. Change is also necessary for it to compete for new business which is one of the reasons that prompted this research study. A literature study and a survey questionnaire make up the main input for this research as well as interviews with key operations and planning managers. The purpose of the research was to explore the non-technical factors perceived by NCT operational and planning staff, to have an impact on port performance and the decline thereof. This study focused on the perceptions of NCT’s operational and planning staff of port performance and the perceived impact that reward and recognition, rest periods, job design and leadership have on that performance levels. The methodology used in the research is a mixed-method approach with the quantitative portion underpinned by a survey questionnaire and the iv qualitative portion underpinned by interviews conducted with key management staff. The data was measured and interpreted using descriptive statistics and analysis of the mean scores. The Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was used to determine if there were relationships between the factors and the significance of those relationships, if any. An Anova analysis was done on the mean score answer of each category of operational staff in the quantitative sample, to determine if the mean score of the different operational categories in my sample are statistically significantly different from each other. The need for drastic improvement of performance outputs in Transnet and more specifically NCT has been highlighted throughout the research as it is of critical importance due to the nature of NCT’s business model of being a transhipment hub. This study has contributed positively by demonstrating the operational staffers and management’s willing responses in an effort to improve performance outputs on both technical and non-technical levels. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-04
- Authors: Woods, Ryan
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Container terminals , Pressure vessels
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58257 , vital:58801
- Description: The role that container terminals play in global trade and building the economies of many countries, requires high levels of performance and efficient turnaround of container vessels. High performance entails providing fast, reliable and efficient port services which is a non-negotiable pre-requisite from the port’s customers. Existing port customers are the shipping lines that make use of the port systems to service their own respective business customers that make use of their shipping services. Transnet and more specifically, Ngqura Container Terminal (NCT) has always been known for providing fast, reliable and efficient port services since its opening in October 2009, with new state of the art equipment and the latest in port operating systems. Fast forward twelve years later and a steady decline in port performance and port efficiencies over the years, has led to numerous outcries from port users and the industry as a whole. Shipping lines are not satisfied with current performance levels and other port users such as trucking companies struggle with bad port performance and efficiencies. This prompted the need to look into why the performance levels has been steadily declining over the past few years. With increased pressure from shipping lines and other stakeholders, there is a glaring need to improve on port performance and efficiencies if NCT is to maintain the business it currently has. Change is also necessary for it to compete for new business which is one of the reasons that prompted this research study. A literature study and a survey questionnaire make up the main input for this research as well as interviews with key operations and planning managers. The purpose of the research was to explore the non-technical factors perceived by NCT operational and planning staff, to have an impact on port performance and the decline thereof. This study focused on the perceptions of NCT’s operational and planning staff of port performance and the perceived impact that reward and recognition, rest periods, job design and leadership have on that performance levels. The methodology used in the research is a mixed-method approach with the quantitative portion underpinned by a survey questionnaire and the iv qualitative portion underpinned by interviews conducted with key management staff. The data was measured and interpreted using descriptive statistics and analysis of the mean scores. The Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was used to determine if there were relationships between the factors and the significance of those relationships, if any. An Anova analysis was done on the mean score answer of each category of operational staff in the quantitative sample, to determine if the mean score of the different operational categories in my sample are statistically significantly different from each other. The need for drastic improvement of performance outputs in Transnet and more specifically NCT has been highlighted throughout the research as it is of critical importance due to the nature of NCT’s business model of being a transhipment hub. This study has contributed positively by demonstrating the operational staffers and management’s willing responses in an effort to improve performance outputs on both technical and non-technical levels. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic science, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-04