A social realist account of the way academic managers exercise agency in monitoring students’ academic success in South African higher education
- Dwayi, Valindawo Valile Medicine
- Authors: Dwayi, Valindawo Valile Medicine
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Social realism South Africa Eastern Cape , Critical realism , New public management , Academic development , Academic achievement South Africa Eastern Cape , College students Rating of South Africa Eastern Cape , College student development programs South Africa Eastern Cape , Student adjustment South Africa Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435863 , vital:73207 , DOI 10.21504/10962/435863
- Description: The roots of this thesis lie in discourses which promote the use of academic monitoring strategies for student success in South African higher education. Although access to higher education widened for black South Africans following the first democratic election, this ‘formal’ access (Morrow, 1993) has not been matched by success with annual cohort studies showing that, regardless of the university at which they are registered, the subjects they are studying and the qualifications they hope to attain, black South Africans fare less well than their white peers. Monitoring performance and referring students on to academic support and development structures thus became a strategy identified as having the potential to address patterns in performance data. The study reports on an attempt to introduce a strategy for Academic Monitoring for Integrated Academic Development at a historically black university in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province. It draws on a metatheoretical framework developed from Bhaskar’s (1978, 1998) critical realism and Archer’s (1995, 1996) social realism to do this. More specifically, it focuses on the way managers at the institution exercised their agency in relation to the strategy and identifies the way social and structural conditions, developed from the time colonial settlers first arrived on the continent, worked to constrain the exercise of this agency. Although the focus of the study was on agency, the study revealed a system of necessary contradictions (Archer, 1995, 1996), a system of conflicting beliefs exacerbated by a lack of resources, that led to the implementation of the strategy not being as successful as intended. The study not only illuminates the conditions at one South African university but also adds to the body of work on management in higher education and to critiques of ‘managerialism’. , Eyona ngxam yale thisisi kukuphendla iindlela zokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamaqhinga ezemfundo okuqwalasela impumelelo yabafundi kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo aseMzantsi Afrika. Nangona emva konyulo lokuqala lwedemokhrasi abemi abantsundu baseMzantsi Afrika bethe bavuleleka ukuba bafikelele kwimfundo ephakamileyo, olu fikelelo 'lusesikweni' (Morrow, 1993) khange luhambelane nempumelelo yaba bafundi, nanjengoko uphando olujolise kwimpumelelo yabafundi ngonyaka ngamnye lubonisa ukuba aba bafundi bathi nokuba bafunda kweyiphi iyunivesithi, befunda ziphi iikhosi bekwafundela waphi amakhono, abafundi abantsundu basoloko berhuqeka emva xa bethelekiswa nabo bamhlophe. Ukuqwalaselwa kwenkqubela nokudluliselwa kwabafundi kumacandelo enkxaso nophuhliso kwimiba yemfundo kube liqhinga elithe lachongwa njengelunokukwazi ukujongana neepateni zendlela abaqhuba ngayo abafundi. Olu phando lunika ingxelo malunga nenzame yokuza neqhinga lokuQwalaselwa kwemiba yeMfundo ukwenzela uPhuhliso kwiyunivesithi eyayisakuba yeyabantsundu kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni laseMzantsi Afrika. Luqamele ngesakhelo semethathiyori esakhelwe kwi-critical realism kaBhaskar (1978, 1979) kunye ne-social realism kaArcher (1995, 1996). Eyona nto lugxile kuyo yindlela abalawuli neenkokeli zeli zikomfundo eziwasebenzisa ngayo amagunya azo ngokunxulumene neli qhinga, lukwachonga indlela iimeko zentlalo nezeziko, ezamana ziphuhliswa ukususela oko kwathi kwafika abarhwaphilizi kweli lizwekazi, ezasebenza ngayo ekunqandeni ukusetyenziswa kwala magunya. Nangona ugxiliso lolu phando belusemagunyeni, luthe lwaveza uluhlu lwemiba echaseneyo eyimfuneko (Archer, 1995, 1996), uluhlu lweenkolelo ezingqubanayo ezihlutshezwa kukushokoxeka kwezixhobo, nolukhokelele ekubeni ukufezekiswa kweli qhinga kungabiyiyo le mpumelelo ibilindelekile. Olu phando aluphelelanga nje ekugqamiseni iimeko zale yunivesithi yaseMzantsi Afrika, koko lukongeza kumsebenzi osele wenziwe kwimfundo ephakamileyo lukwaphendla ‘ezolawulo’. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
- Authors: Dwayi, Valindawo Valile Medicine
- Date: 2024-04-05
- Subjects: Social realism South Africa Eastern Cape , Critical realism , New public management , Academic development , Academic achievement South Africa Eastern Cape , College students Rating of South Africa Eastern Cape , College student development programs South Africa Eastern Cape , Student adjustment South Africa Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/435863 , vital:73207 , DOI 10.21504/10962/435863
- Description: The roots of this thesis lie in discourses which promote the use of academic monitoring strategies for student success in South African higher education. Although access to higher education widened for black South Africans following the first democratic election, this ‘formal’ access (Morrow, 1993) has not been matched by success with annual cohort studies showing that, regardless of the university at which they are registered, the subjects they are studying and the qualifications they hope to attain, black South Africans fare less well than their white peers. Monitoring performance and referring students on to academic support and development structures thus became a strategy identified as having the potential to address patterns in performance data. The study reports on an attempt to introduce a strategy for Academic Monitoring for Integrated Academic Development at a historically black university in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province. It draws on a metatheoretical framework developed from Bhaskar’s (1978, 1998) critical realism and Archer’s (1995, 1996) social realism to do this. More specifically, it focuses on the way managers at the institution exercised their agency in relation to the strategy and identifies the way social and structural conditions, developed from the time colonial settlers first arrived on the continent, worked to constrain the exercise of this agency. Although the focus of the study was on agency, the study revealed a system of necessary contradictions (Archer, 1995, 1996), a system of conflicting beliefs exacerbated by a lack of resources, that led to the implementation of the strategy not being as successful as intended. The study not only illuminates the conditions at one South African university but also adds to the body of work on management in higher education and to critiques of ‘managerialism’. , Eyona ngxam yale thisisi kukuphendla iindlela zokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamaqhinga ezemfundo okuqwalasela impumelelo yabafundi kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo aseMzantsi Afrika. Nangona emva konyulo lokuqala lwedemokhrasi abemi abantsundu baseMzantsi Afrika bethe bavuleleka ukuba bafikelele kwimfundo ephakamileyo, olu fikelelo 'lusesikweni' (Morrow, 1993) khange luhambelane nempumelelo yaba bafundi, nanjengoko uphando olujolise kwimpumelelo yabafundi ngonyaka ngamnye lubonisa ukuba aba bafundi bathi nokuba bafunda kweyiphi iyunivesithi, befunda ziphi iikhosi bekwafundela waphi amakhono, abafundi abantsundu basoloko berhuqeka emva xa bethelekiswa nabo bamhlophe. Ukuqwalaselwa kwenkqubela nokudluliselwa kwabafundi kumacandelo enkxaso nophuhliso kwimiba yemfundo kube liqhinga elithe lachongwa njengelunokukwazi ukujongana neepateni zendlela abaqhuba ngayo abafundi. Olu phando lunika ingxelo malunga nenzame yokuza neqhinga lokuQwalaselwa kwemiba yeMfundo ukwenzela uPhuhliso kwiyunivesithi eyayisakuba yeyabantsundu kwiphondo leMpuma Koloni laseMzantsi Afrika. Luqamele ngesakhelo semethathiyori esakhelwe kwi-critical realism kaBhaskar (1978, 1979) kunye ne-social realism kaArcher (1995, 1996). Eyona nto lugxile kuyo yindlela abalawuli neenkokeli zeli zikomfundo eziwasebenzisa ngayo amagunya azo ngokunxulumene neli qhinga, lukwachonga indlela iimeko zentlalo nezeziko, ezamana ziphuhliswa ukususela oko kwathi kwafika abarhwaphilizi kweli lizwekazi, ezasebenza ngayo ekunqandeni ukusetyenziswa kwala magunya. Nangona ugxiliso lolu phando belusemagunyeni, luthe lwaveza uluhlu lwemiba echaseneyo eyimfuneko (Archer, 1995, 1996), uluhlu lweenkolelo ezingqubanayo ezihlutshezwa kukushokoxeka kwezixhobo, nolukhokelele ekubeni ukufezekiswa kweli qhinga kungabiyiyo le mpumelelo ibilindelekile. Olu phando aluphelelanga nje ekugqamiseni iimeko zale yunivesithi yaseMzantsi Afrika, koko lukongeza kumsebenzi osele wenziwe kwimfundo ephakamileyo lukwaphendla ‘ezolawulo’. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Education, Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, 2024
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04-05
From Clown Prince to critical phenomenon: Fashioning the Joker as a nomadic war machine
- Authors: Goldmann, Talya
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Joker -- (Fictitious character) , Comic books, strips, etc. -- United States -- History and criticism , Literature and society -- United States
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62769 , vital:72941
- Description: Based on the original clown prince of crime in the DC comic books, the Joker is one of the most notorious villains in cinematic history. He originated in the comic book Batman #1 (Finger, 1940) over eighty years ago, and he remains a prominent character across a myriad of media platforms. In film and television, the Joker has appeared in major and minor roles in approximately nine animated series, eighteen animated films, six live-action series, and five live-action films. Indeed, multiple roles, actors, and decades after the character’s first debut in the Batman television series (1966), the Joker continues to be well-received and sought-after, insofar as every time a new Joker is announced, the character garners more intensive publicity and the film as a whole becomes highly anticipated. Thus, what started as a simple clownish character in the role of a minor villain in Batman (1966), has evolved into a multi-faceted villain so captivating that he has recently earned his own stand-alone films, namely Todd Phillips’ Joker (2019), and the sequel, Joker Folie à Deux (2024) – where he is no longer the antagonist, but now the protagonist. In this research, firstly, key features of the Deleuzoguattarian schema relevant to this study will be presented, before capitalism – as the context of Batman’s Gotham – is considered through a Deleuzoguattarian lens. This study will delve into what makes the beloved Joker so extraordinary along with the aesthetic features associated with his meteoric rise to fame. In this regard, what will be theorized is that the Joker constitutes an example of a Deleuzean nomadic war machine: that is, a critical character who borrows aspects of the State Apparatus and then twists and shapes them into weapons through which he questions and mocks society for its authoritarian and ideological flaws, and with which he exposes its conceptual and ethical blind spots. In this way, he acts like a mirror, reflecting what is wrong with society, and by implication, with the human ‘nature’ – not only in the fictional world of Gotham, but also in the contemporary era created therein. More specifically, discourse analysis and film analysis will be used here, to engage critically with the Joker’s persona in relation to the changing contexts in which the various films were made, in order to trace the development of the character through a Deleuzoguattarian lens. As will be discussed, Phillips’ Joker (2019) signals the deterritorialization of the Joker from the ambit of Batman’s influence, and opens up the possibility for his further deterritorialization as an increasingly mobile and nomadic catalyst of critical thinking beyond even Gotham itself. Then, thirdly, an in-depth analysis on the five key cinematic Jokers will be completed in terms of the characters’ historical contexts, character backgrounds, and aesthetics. And thereafter, the deterritorializing ‘line of flight’ already underway – as by Phillips’ Joker (2019) – will be continued through the creative media production component of this study, which will entail the conceptualization, design and illustration of three new Joker manifestations, each of which will reflect critically upon failing systems in South African society across select time periods, and how these failing systems have contributed to the collective trauma of marginalized groups of people. The first South African Joker manifestation, set in the 1980s, will reflect upon the faltering political infrastructure during the Apartheid era. The second Joker manifestation, set in the early 2000s, will encapsulate the repercussions of the post-Apartheid neoliberal economic landscape. And the third Joker manifestation, set in the 2010s, will draw attention to sociocultural collapse particularly in the space of gender-based violence and sexual assault. Thus, the creation of these Jokers will act as an exploration of trauma, insofar as the tragedy and pain caused by the above-mentioned failing systems will manifest physically through their character designs. In terms of this, and in keeping with the dynamics of appropriation and inflection that are definitive of nomadic war machines, here focus will fall on how their character aesthetics pose critical questions about relevant issues in the South Africa. On account of this, although this research is by definition situated within the spectacle/performance paradigm, it also runs counter to the largely apolitical orientation of creative media production that occurs therein, through its emphasis, instead, on how such creative media production can also entail critical thought that is aimed at thematizing socio-cultural and politico-economic issues and the trauma that they create; thus, this creative media component aims to encourage a more trauma-aware society through art. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
- Authors: Goldmann, Talya
- Date: 2024-04
- Subjects: Joker -- (Fictitious character) , Comic books, strips, etc. -- United States -- History and criticism , Literature and society -- United States
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/62769 , vital:72941
- Description: Based on the original clown prince of crime in the DC comic books, the Joker is one of the most notorious villains in cinematic history. He originated in the comic book Batman #1 (Finger, 1940) over eighty years ago, and he remains a prominent character across a myriad of media platforms. In film and television, the Joker has appeared in major and minor roles in approximately nine animated series, eighteen animated films, six live-action series, and five live-action films. Indeed, multiple roles, actors, and decades after the character’s first debut in the Batman television series (1966), the Joker continues to be well-received and sought-after, insofar as every time a new Joker is announced, the character garners more intensive publicity and the film as a whole becomes highly anticipated. Thus, what started as a simple clownish character in the role of a minor villain in Batman (1966), has evolved into a multi-faceted villain so captivating that he has recently earned his own stand-alone films, namely Todd Phillips’ Joker (2019), and the sequel, Joker Folie à Deux (2024) – where he is no longer the antagonist, but now the protagonist. In this research, firstly, key features of the Deleuzoguattarian schema relevant to this study will be presented, before capitalism – as the context of Batman’s Gotham – is considered through a Deleuzoguattarian lens. This study will delve into what makes the beloved Joker so extraordinary along with the aesthetic features associated with his meteoric rise to fame. In this regard, what will be theorized is that the Joker constitutes an example of a Deleuzean nomadic war machine: that is, a critical character who borrows aspects of the State Apparatus and then twists and shapes them into weapons through which he questions and mocks society for its authoritarian and ideological flaws, and with which he exposes its conceptual and ethical blind spots. In this way, he acts like a mirror, reflecting what is wrong with society, and by implication, with the human ‘nature’ – not only in the fictional world of Gotham, but also in the contemporary era created therein. More specifically, discourse analysis and film analysis will be used here, to engage critically with the Joker’s persona in relation to the changing contexts in which the various films were made, in order to trace the development of the character through a Deleuzoguattarian lens. As will be discussed, Phillips’ Joker (2019) signals the deterritorialization of the Joker from the ambit of Batman’s influence, and opens up the possibility for his further deterritorialization as an increasingly mobile and nomadic catalyst of critical thinking beyond even Gotham itself. Then, thirdly, an in-depth analysis on the five key cinematic Jokers will be completed in terms of the characters’ historical contexts, character backgrounds, and aesthetics. And thereafter, the deterritorializing ‘line of flight’ already underway – as by Phillips’ Joker (2019) – will be continued through the creative media production component of this study, which will entail the conceptualization, design and illustration of three new Joker manifestations, each of which will reflect critically upon failing systems in South African society across select time periods, and how these failing systems have contributed to the collective trauma of marginalized groups of people. The first South African Joker manifestation, set in the 1980s, will reflect upon the faltering political infrastructure during the Apartheid era. The second Joker manifestation, set in the early 2000s, will encapsulate the repercussions of the post-Apartheid neoliberal economic landscape. And the third Joker manifestation, set in the 2010s, will draw attention to sociocultural collapse particularly in the space of gender-based violence and sexual assault. Thus, the creation of these Jokers will act as an exploration of trauma, insofar as the tragedy and pain caused by the above-mentioned failing systems will manifest physically through their character designs. In terms of this, and in keeping with the dynamics of appropriation and inflection that are definitive of nomadic war machines, here focus will fall on how their character aesthetics pose critical questions about relevant issues in the South Africa. On account of this, although this research is by definition situated within the spectacle/performance paradigm, it also runs counter to the largely apolitical orientation of creative media production that occurs therein, through its emphasis, instead, on how such creative media production can also entail critical thought that is aimed at thematizing socio-cultural and politico-economic issues and the trauma that they create; thus, this creative media component aims to encourage a more trauma-aware society through art. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Language, Media and Communication, 2023
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2024-04
Exploring the influence of student protests on organisational citizenship behaviour of academics and support mechanisms in higher learning institutions
- Authors: Mayekiso, Sinovuyo
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406198 , vital:70248
- Description: Embargoed. To be released in 2024. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Mayekiso, Sinovuyo
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/406198 , vital:70248
- Description: Embargoed. To be released in 2024. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, Psychology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
The nexus between territorial border controls, informal cross border trading and economic security in Zimbabwe: the case of Beitbridge Border Post
- Authors: Nare, Hilary
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Informal sector (Economics) Zimbabwe , South Africa Commerce Zimbabwe , Border security Zimbabwe , Economic security Zimbabwe , Beitbridge (Zimbabwe) , Zimbabwe Politics and government , Zimbabwe Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/365977 , vital:65807 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/365977
- Description: Informal cross border trade is central to the lives of many Zimbabweans, with informal trade across the Zimbabwean-South African border being of particular importance. This entails travelling through the Beitbridge border post on the Zimbabwean side, with Zimbabwean informal traders purchasing items in South Africa for resale in Zimbabwe. In doing so, they contribute not only to their own economic security but likely to the economic security of other Zimbabweans deeply affected by the ongoing crisis in the country. Often times, when examining the lives of Zimbabwe’s informal traders, the border post is not subjected to sustained focus and analysis. Yet, border posts (like the Beitbridge border post) are complex social institutions which configure the lives and livelihoods of cross border traders in multiple ways, and which informal traders often have to negotiate their way through. In this context, this thesis provides a critical analysis of border control management at the Beitbridge border post with particular reference to the activities of Zimbabwean informal cross border traders. The Beitbridge border post, like all border posts, has multiple functions. As a territorial border post, it seeks to maintain the national sovereignty of the Zimbabwean nation- state, and it monitors and controls the movement of people and goods in both directions. Currently, it is doing so at a time when the vast majority of Zimbabweans are suffering from varying levels of economic insecurity. The extent to which these functions are performed, and the manner in which they are performed, depends fundamentally on what takes place at the Beitbridge border post. This refers to the performance of both human subjects (border control officers of various kinds) and inanimate objects (such as scanners and cameras), both of which enact agency. Combined with these is the agency of cross border traders, who are compelled to navigate their way in and through these dimensions of the border control system. The thesis examines this by drawing heavily upon Actor-Network Theory. It is based on research undertaken at Beitbridge border post, involving 50 interviews with primarily current and former border control officers as well as informal cross border traders. Findings of this study show that deficiencies in border control management and border porosity at Beitbridge have led to a flourishing of informal cross border trade and, in turn, contributed to economic security in Zimbabwe, including during the time of Covid-19. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
- Authors: Nare, Hilary
- Date: 2022-10-14
- Subjects: Informal sector (Economics) Zimbabwe , South Africa Commerce Zimbabwe , Border security Zimbabwe , Economic security Zimbabwe , Beitbridge (Zimbabwe) , Zimbabwe Politics and government , Zimbabwe Economic conditions
- Language: English
- Type: Academic theses , Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/365977 , vital:65807 , DOI https://doi.org/10.21504/10962/365977
- Description: Informal cross border trade is central to the lives of many Zimbabweans, with informal trade across the Zimbabwean-South African border being of particular importance. This entails travelling through the Beitbridge border post on the Zimbabwean side, with Zimbabwean informal traders purchasing items in South Africa for resale in Zimbabwe. In doing so, they contribute not only to their own economic security but likely to the economic security of other Zimbabweans deeply affected by the ongoing crisis in the country. Often times, when examining the lives of Zimbabwe’s informal traders, the border post is not subjected to sustained focus and analysis. Yet, border posts (like the Beitbridge border post) are complex social institutions which configure the lives and livelihoods of cross border traders in multiple ways, and which informal traders often have to negotiate their way through. In this context, this thesis provides a critical analysis of border control management at the Beitbridge border post with particular reference to the activities of Zimbabwean informal cross border traders. The Beitbridge border post, like all border posts, has multiple functions. As a territorial border post, it seeks to maintain the national sovereignty of the Zimbabwean nation- state, and it monitors and controls the movement of people and goods in both directions. Currently, it is doing so at a time when the vast majority of Zimbabweans are suffering from varying levels of economic insecurity. The extent to which these functions are performed, and the manner in which they are performed, depends fundamentally on what takes place at the Beitbridge border post. This refers to the performance of both human subjects (border control officers of various kinds) and inanimate objects (such as scanners and cameras), both of which enact agency. Combined with these is the agency of cross border traders, who are compelled to navigate their way in and through these dimensions of the border control system. The thesis examines this by drawing heavily upon Actor-Network Theory. It is based on research undertaken at Beitbridge border post, involving 50 interviews with primarily current and former border control officers as well as informal cross border traders. Findings of this study show that deficiencies in border control management and border porosity at Beitbridge have led to a flourishing of informal cross border trade and, in turn, contributed to economic security in Zimbabwe, including during the time of Covid-19. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Humanities, Sociology, 2022
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2022-10-14
Healthcare issues in disaster management : preparedness in the pharmacy profession
- Authors: Vhiriri, Eunice Paidamoyo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: To be added
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178591 , vital:42953
- Description: Access restricted until April 2023. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
- Authors: Vhiriri, Eunice Paidamoyo
- Date: 2021-04
- Subjects: To be added
- Language: English
- Type: thesis , text , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/178591 , vital:42953
- Description: Access restricted until April 2023. , Thesis (MSc) -- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacy, 2021
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2021-04
Wavelet Theory: for Economic & Financial Cycles
- Authors: Mlambo, Farai Fredric
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Wavelets (Mathematics) , Finance -- Mathematical models , Economic forecasting
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49930 , vital:41861
- Description: Cycles - their nature in existence, their implications on human-kind and the study thereof have sparked some important philosophical debates since the very pre-historic days. Notable contributions by famous, genius philosophers, mathematicians, historians and economists such as Pareto, Deulofeu, Danielewski, Kuznets, Kondratiev, Elliot and many others in itself shows how cycles and their study have been deemed important, through the history and process of scientific and philosophical inquiry. Particularly, the explication of Business, Economic and Financial cycles have seen some significant research and policy attention. Nevertheless, most of the methodologies employed in this space are either purely empirical in nature, time series based or the so-called Regime-Switching Markov model popularized in Economics by James Hamilton. In this work, we develop a Statistical, non-linear model fit based on circle geometry which is applicable for the dating of cycles. This study proposes a scalable, smooth and differentiable quarter-circular wavelet basis for the smoothing and dating of business, economic and financial cycles. The dating then necessitates the forecasting of the cyclical patterns in the evolution of business, economic and financial time series. The practical significance of dating and forecasting business and financial cycles cannot be over-emphasized. The use of wavelet decomposition in explaining cycles can be seen as an critical contribution of spectral methods of statistical modelling to finance and economic policy at large. Being a relatively new method, wavelet analysis has seen some great contribution in geophysical modelling. This study endeavours to widen the use and application of frequency-time decomposition to the economic and financial space. Wavelets are localized in both time and frequency, such that there is no loss of the time resolution. The importance of time resolution in dating of cycles is another motivation behind using wavelets. Moreover, the preservation of time resolution in wavelet analysis is a fundamental strength employed in the dating of cycles. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Science, Mathematical Statistics, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
- Authors: Mlambo, Farai Fredric
- Date: 2019-12
- Subjects: Wavelets (Mathematics) , Finance -- Mathematical models , Economic forecasting
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/49930 , vital:41861
- Description: Cycles - their nature in existence, their implications on human-kind and the study thereof have sparked some important philosophical debates since the very pre-historic days. Notable contributions by famous, genius philosophers, mathematicians, historians and economists such as Pareto, Deulofeu, Danielewski, Kuznets, Kondratiev, Elliot and many others in itself shows how cycles and their study have been deemed important, through the history and process of scientific and philosophical inquiry. Particularly, the explication of Business, Economic and Financial cycles have seen some significant research and policy attention. Nevertheless, most of the methodologies employed in this space are either purely empirical in nature, time series based or the so-called Regime-Switching Markov model popularized in Economics by James Hamilton. In this work, we develop a Statistical, non-linear model fit based on circle geometry which is applicable for the dating of cycles. This study proposes a scalable, smooth and differentiable quarter-circular wavelet basis for the smoothing and dating of business, economic and financial cycles. The dating then necessitates the forecasting of the cyclical patterns in the evolution of business, economic and financial time series. The practical significance of dating and forecasting business and financial cycles cannot be over-emphasized. The use of wavelet decomposition in explaining cycles can be seen as an critical contribution of spectral methods of statistical modelling to finance and economic policy at large. Being a relatively new method, wavelet analysis has seen some great contribution in geophysical modelling. This study endeavours to widen the use and application of frequency-time decomposition to the economic and financial space. Wavelets are localized in both time and frequency, such that there is no loss of the time resolution. The importance of time resolution in dating of cycles is another motivation behind using wavelets. Moreover, the preservation of time resolution in wavelet analysis is a fundamental strength employed in the dating of cycles. , Thesis (DPhil) -- Faculty of Science, Mathematical Statistics, 2019
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2019-12
Study of the biotransformations and microbiological properties of cymbopogon citratus
- Ajayi, Emmanuel Olusegun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-4948
- Authors: Ajayi, Emmanuel Olusegun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-4948
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Lemongras , Essences and essential oils
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19737 , vital:43197
- Description: Variations in the essential oil yield, chemical composition and kinetics of chemical transformation, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the Cymbopogon citratus cultivated in Alice, Eastern Cape of South Africa, over a period of 12 months using the solvent-free microwave extraction and the modified forms of conventional hydrodistillation methods have been evaluated. The modified forms involve variation in the pH medium to effect extraction and to obtain the whole leaf extracts of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). The GC-MS analyses of the essential oils revealed the presence of 10, 11, 13, and 9 principal compounds in the microwave, extraction, hydrodistillation (water-distilled), hydrodistillation (aciddistilled and hydrodistillation (base-distilled), respectively with citral being the prominent compound in all the various extraction methods, with the water-distilled method having the highest cumulative citral content under the period specified. Each of the components of the oils varied in quantity and quality of yield at different points of the year. Different extraction methods produce different compounds. Increase in the amount of citral content was observed during the maturation stage of Cymbopogon citratus in all the extraction methods. Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined on the oils and extracts of Cymbopogon citratus using agar dilution method. The essential oils obtained using all the methods of extraction showed activity against all the tested bacteria at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the acid-distilled varied between 1.25 and 5.0 mg mL-1, while those obtained by both water- and base-distilled showed equal activity on the microorganisms with the MIC ranging between 2.5 and 10 mg mL-1. The microwave extraction showed the least activity with the MIC of 10 mg mL-1. This however suggested that the oils obtained through acid-distillation showed the greatest activity than all other methods of extraction. Activity of the various extracts on bacteria showed that the ethanol extract had the highest activity on the tested organisms with MIC ranging between 0.625 and 1.25 mg mL-1. This was closely followed by the acid-extract (1.25 and 5.0 mg mL-1), methanol extract (1.25 and 10 mg mL-1), acetone extract (2.5 and 5.0 mg mL-1), and base extract (5.0 mg mL-1). Both cold water and hot water extracts showed the least activity of MIC, >10 mg mL-1. The antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of the obtained oils and extracts were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH+) assay, [(2,2ˊ-azino bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS), nitric oxide and ferric reducing power assays. The oils and extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging ability, but not as high as the standard drugs. The base extract showed a higher reducing power than the standard drug, rutin. There were significant differences in the phytochemicals contents of the various leaf extracts. The acetone extract has the highest flavonol, proanthocyanidin, and alkaloid contents. The ethanol extract showed the highest amount of phenolic content with the acid extract, having the least. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography was employed to obtain different fractions of extracts using four eluent solvent systems of varying polarities: toluene, petroleum ether, hexane and ethyl acetate and sprayed with anisaldehyde. A single, visible spot of B-fraction was developed, collected and analyzed as 1-methyl-2,4,5- trinitroimidazole with renown valuable properties. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
- Authors: Ajayi, Emmanuel Olusegun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-4948
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Lemongras , Essences and essential oils
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/19737 , vital:43197
- Description: Variations in the essential oil yield, chemical composition and kinetics of chemical transformation, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the Cymbopogon citratus cultivated in Alice, Eastern Cape of South Africa, over a period of 12 months using the solvent-free microwave extraction and the modified forms of conventional hydrodistillation methods have been evaluated. The modified forms involve variation in the pH medium to effect extraction and to obtain the whole leaf extracts of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). The GC-MS analyses of the essential oils revealed the presence of 10, 11, 13, and 9 principal compounds in the microwave, extraction, hydrodistillation (water-distilled), hydrodistillation (aciddistilled and hydrodistillation (base-distilled), respectively with citral being the prominent compound in all the various extraction methods, with the water-distilled method having the highest cumulative citral content under the period specified. Each of the components of the oils varied in quantity and quality of yield at different points of the year. Different extraction methods produce different compounds. Increase in the amount of citral content was observed during the maturation stage of Cymbopogon citratus in all the extraction methods. Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined on the oils and extracts of Cymbopogon citratus using agar dilution method. The essential oils obtained using all the methods of extraction showed activity against all the tested bacteria at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the acid-distilled varied between 1.25 and 5.0 mg mL-1, while those obtained by both water- and base-distilled showed equal activity on the microorganisms with the MIC ranging between 2.5 and 10 mg mL-1. The microwave extraction showed the least activity with the MIC of 10 mg mL-1. This however suggested that the oils obtained through acid-distillation showed the greatest activity than all other methods of extraction. Activity of the various extracts on bacteria showed that the ethanol extract had the highest activity on the tested organisms with MIC ranging between 0.625 and 1.25 mg mL-1. This was closely followed by the acid-extract (1.25 and 5.0 mg mL-1), methanol extract (1.25 and 10 mg mL-1), acetone extract (2.5 and 5.0 mg mL-1), and base extract (5.0 mg mL-1). Both cold water and hot water extracts showed the least activity of MIC, >10 mg mL-1. The antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity of the obtained oils and extracts were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH+) assay, [(2,2ˊ-azino bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] (ABTS), nitric oxide and ferric reducing power assays. The oils and extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging ability, but not as high as the standard drugs. The base extract showed a higher reducing power than the standard drug, rutin. There were significant differences in the phytochemicals contents of the various leaf extracts. The acetone extract has the highest flavonol, proanthocyanidin, and alkaloid contents. The ethanol extract showed the highest amount of phenolic content with the acid extract, having the least. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography was employed to obtain different fractions of extracts using four eluent solvent systems of varying polarities: toluene, petroleum ether, hexane and ethyl acetate and sprayed with anisaldehyde. A single, visible spot of B-fraction was developed, collected and analyzed as 1-methyl-2,4,5- trinitroimidazole with renown valuable properties. , Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science and Agriculture, 2015
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2015
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