A survey of food safety practices and microbial risk related to ready-to-eat chicken food outlets from a university campus in South Africa
- Authors: Michau, Willem P
- Date: 2022-04
- Subjects: Microbial exopolysaccharides -- South Africa , Food -- Safety measures
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/58925 , vital:60248
- Description: A survey of food safety practices and microbial risk related to ready-to-eat chicken in food outlets from a university campus in South Africa was investigated. The objective of the study was to determine the food safety practices and hygiene knowledge of food handlers in food outlets at a South African university campus. Six food outlets out of the thirteen university food outlets that were similar in type were selected for the study. These six food outlets were selected based on establish criteria but did not comply with HACCP principles. To assess the possible contamination risk related to hygiene practices and processing of ready-to-eat chicken, Total Viable Count, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus counts were determined using standard methods. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the educational levels of each of the 27 participating food handlers; as well as the determination of the food handlers’ personal and general hygiene. Microbial levels of each food handler hand, aprons, as well as the microbial contamination levels of direct food contact surfaces, and ready-to-eat chicken at each facility were evaluated using standard methods. Several risky non-conforming personal and general hygiene practices were detected during the study. Appropriate corrective actions such as an intensive food hygiene training programme accompanied by a food management system should be implemented in all food facilities. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Health Sciences, 2022
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- Date Issued: 2022-04
Artisanal mining versus sustainability of agricultural food supply chains: effects of the conflicts in Southern Zimbabwe
- Authors: Chari, Felix , Novukela, Cawe , Ngcamu , Bethuel Sibongiseni
- Date: 2022
- Subjects: Traditional farming Small Scale mining Great Zimbabwe Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7082 , vital:52810 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2002542"
- Description: This article seeks to establish the social and environmental consequences of artisanal mining on economic sustainability of agricultural food supply chains in Zimbabwe. Following a descriptive research design, interviews were conducted with 36 farmers. Interviewees were purposively sampled from potential respondents in Southern Zimbabwe. Interview results were triangulated with data from published reports and newspaper articles. Data was analysed using NVivo application version 12 and presented in vignettes. The results of this study are useful to artisanal miners, farmers, and government. Recommendations for further studies are given. KEYWORDS: Artisanal mining farmers food supply chains Zimbabwe sustainability
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- Date Issued: 2022
Factors contributing to unsafe practices in Eskom power division projects
- Authors: Dingilizwe, Nondumiso
- Date: 2021-03
- Subjects: Power-plants
- Language: English
- Type: Master's theses , text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/59226 , vital:60314
- Description: Health and safety is accepted as an integral element of the built environment. As construction within the electricity and power supply industry is inevitable, alongside other regulatory systems aimed at ensuring sustainable power supply, health and safety measures, policies, training, management, and incidences become important indicators for the delivery of power supply. This research study explores the health and safety management challenges that are experienced by the construction division of Eskom, South Africa’s national power utility with its head offices in Johannesburg, South Africa. The research explores and identifies factors that affect workers’ on-site behaviour regarding the compliance and adherence to health and safety statutory practices. Using a qualitative research method, and thematic data analysis, the research findings draw on salient emerging themes that allude to the inadequate and insufficient documentation of Eskom procedures, and the failure to make use of recorded past incidents in establishing improved pro-active health and safety management practice and management thereof, are but some of the illuminated factors that emerge from the study findings. For a power utility of its scale and the volume of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution, the compliance to internationally recognised health and safety standards within an appropriate legal framework, are factors that may hinder the successful implementation of its core function. Notwithstanding the fact that the electricity sector of industry, in terms of overall current health, safety and performance, is generally considered to be a lower risk than other industries within the South African economy. Yet this study, in taking cognisance of all four sectors of the energy and power value chain (generation, transmission, distribution and retail), attempts to address the unanswered questions if why and how Eskom, despite its health and safety policies and general compliance to statutory workplace health and safety framework, continues to experience a high level of workplace fatalities in the delivery of its projects. Against a backdrop of reported and documented incidences of time, this research found that the usage of reports to benchmark and re-calibrate policy and preventative procedure is carried out periodically, but in an unstructured manner. The risk this presents is evident in the potential failure to identify proper risk analysis, appropriate health and safety vi performance indicators, and a slow migration to the new ISO 45001 quality standard. Study findings also suggest a lack of training programmes for contractors and employees within Eskom construction projects, as a primary contributing hindrance factor to attaining an improved health and safety management system. Finally, the study also considered new hazards and risks that have, and may still, arise from the uptake and expansion of new technologies, cleaner energy, as well as future trends that would collectively influence health and safety standards along the electricity value chain. The research findings suggest for a more focused goal-setting and the building of competencies to recognise and mitigate risks, especially new risks, and to engage more participatory approaches to setting standards that can be effectively managed and which can contribute to injury reduction through behavioural change. What remains to be explored, will be the changing nature of doing business as the year 2020 witnesses a new confounding pandemic, the Coronavirus (covid-19). Its impact on health and safety in the workplace, and on the entire construction value chain, cost of construction, project management and timeframes, is yet to be determined and factored into the business processes of a large scale public entity such as Eskom. , Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment, and Technology, 2021
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- Date Issued: 2021-03
A Critical Review of Environmental Governance, Land Restitution, and Tourism in Protected Areas
- Authors: Ramukumba, Takalani
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Tourism Land use Environmental protection Wildlife conservation Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7029 , vital:52756 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.200"
- Description: Natural areas, when protected, conserve the natural environment and function as social spaces in which tourism brings increased income, employment, and financial support for conservation. The inclusion of local community members in the planning and management of protected areas has been on the rise since the early 1900s. Tourism has been advocated as a strategy that can help in achieving economic development, especially in rural areas. However, governance issues and potential negative impacts of tourism development have been under inspection. Conservation efforts in Southern Africa especially in the late 1800s and early 1900s had negative impacts on the local communities since this led to many communities being displaced or having limited access to these protected areas. This has seen the need for ways and efforts to get local community members' despondency and attitudes towards protected areas change such that in the 20th century, there were efforts to use conservation models that included community members in the decision-making and benefit-sharing process to garner their support for protected areas. This paper reviews literature on environmental governance, land restitution in protected areas, tourism in protected areas, co-management, and the importance of community participation. These concepts are reviewed using Manyeleti Game Reserve as a case study. Keywords: Tourism, land restitution, environmental governance, wildlife resources, and stakeholder participation
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- Date Issued: 2021
An Analysis of Employee Motivation in a Multinational Context in Sub Saharan Africa
- Authors: Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu , Masaraure, Robson
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Employee motivation Sub-Saharan Africa Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7021 , vital:52757 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-119"
- Description: This study assesses motivational preferences of employees in a multinational context in Sub Saharan Africa. Using the Grundfos group operating sites in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa as a case study, the study explores quantitative data on possible differences in employee motivational factors based on selected variables such as location, length of service and managerial status. Questionnaires were employed in collecting data from 131 participants from the three locations of Grundfos Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Results of the study reveal that the factor “equal treatment of employees” is considered most important among the respondents. It is also noted that there were no significant statistical differences among the participants based on the examined variables. Policy and practical implications of the findings of this study are discussed, particularly around the development and implementation of Human resources policies that address employee perceptions of equity. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on employee motivation in multinational settings. Keywords: Employee motivation, motivational factors, multinational context, Sub-Saharan Africa
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- Date Issued: 2021
Encouraging and discouraging factors to crime reporting in South Africa: a survey of residents’ crime reporting behaviour in Mthatha South Africa police service precinct
- Authors: Mbewu, Ithandile , Obioha, Emeka E , Mugari , Ishmael
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Crime Citizen crime reporting Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6967 , vital:52622 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2002542"
- Description: The aim of this study was to explore issues concerning dispositions of crime-reporting behaviour of both witnesses and victims and comes against a backdrop of a rise in crime levels in South Africa. The study specifically examined the discouraging and encouraging factors for crime reporting in Mthatha area in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A quantitative methodology was adopted, wherein a closed-ended questionnaire was used to gather data from 120 respondents. The result of the analysis revealed police absence of loyalty to citizens, lack of support for victims and lack of follow-up on reported cases as the major factors which discourage citizens from reporting crimes to the police. Further regression analysis confirmed gender, race, location of respondents and socio-economic status as significant predictors that influence discouragement. As regards the encouraging factors, overall, the citizens’ collective responsibility for safe communities was viewed as the major drive for reporting crimes to the police. From the findings, it can be concluded that poor police-public relations is the main driver for non-reporting of crime. The study recommends strengthening of police-public relations in order to encourage citizens to report crime.
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- Date Issued: 2021
God Abhors Corruption: Some Thoughts on Acts 5:1-11 with special reference to the South African Countercorruption Efforts
- Authors: Speckman, McGlory
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Corruption South Africa God Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7060 , vital:52805 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.102.036"
- Description: Corruption has become a buzz word the world-over today. South Africa is no less affected by it than are other countries. Many counter-corruption measures have been devised from a political perspective with no visible results. This reflection is an attempt to introduce a religious intervention. The article argues that the narrative of Ananias and Sapphira (Acts: 1-11) has all the elements of corruption as we know it today as well as a decisive response to it. Redaction criticism is employed in reading the narrative of Ananias and Sapphira with particular reference to the South African counter-corruption efforts. The reading reveals that God abhors corruption, this being inferred from the ‘double-deaths’ of the corrupt couple. A conclusion is therefore reached that drastic action against perpetrators is imperative and that trustees of state authority who fail to act against corruption and its perpetrators do not deserve to be rewarded with office. Keywords: corruption, counter-corruption efforts, Acts 5:1-11, consequence management, Ananias and Sapphira, koinonia community, South Africa
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- Date Issued: 2021
Imiba edinga ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kuguqulelo loncwadi lwabantwana Pertinent issues in translation of children's literature
- Authors: Madolo, Yolisa
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Children Xhosa Children, Black, in literature Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/6990 , vital:52635 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2021.1974903"
- Description: Amagqabantshintshi Ukuguqulela uncwadi lwabantwana kudinga ingcali engapheleli nje ekujongeni ukuvelisa umyalezo wolwimi lwentsusa ngolwimi ekusiwa kulo; koko eza kuwuvelisa ngendlela eyamkelekileyo kubalesi bolu lwimi kusiwa kulo. Abo balesi ngabantwana ke kule meko. Ithiyori yeSikoposi icebisa ukuba umguqulelimbhali aqiniseke ngokufezekisa injongo yoguqulelo kwakunye nokwaneza abantu abaza kuyilesa loo nguqulelo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile ezicetyiswayo kule thiyori nakwezinye iithiyori ezijonge ukuvelisa inguqulelo efundeka njengeyoqobo kulwimi ekusiwa kulo. Umphandi usebenzise le thiyori yeSikoposi ukuphicotha iincwadi zabantwana eziguqulelwe zasuswa esiNgesini zasiwa esiXhoseni. Ekuphicotheni kwakhe ezi ncwadi ubhaqe iimpazamo ezithile ezinokuwethisa umdla womntwana ekufundeni incwadi enjalo. Kweli nqaku kucaciswa ezi mpazamo zifumanisekileyo kunye neendlela ezinokuphetshwa ngazo. Umphandi ufumanise ukuba zikhona iimpazamo ezenzeka kuba umguqulelimbhali elandela ulwimi lwentsusa, zikwakhona nezo zibangelwa kukungalandeli imigaqo yentetho yolwimi ekusiwa kulo. Ezinye iimpazamo sezendele kangangokuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye abaguqulelibabhali abasazithathi njengeempazamo kubhalo lwabo. Enye yezinto ezicetyiswayo kukuba umguqulelimbhali aqiniseke ukuba uyayifundisisa inguqulelo yakhe ukuyigqiba kwakhe, phambi kokuba ayidlulisele kumhleli nomjongizimpazamo. Abstract Translation of children’s literature needs an artist who not only aims at producing the source language message in the target language, but will produce it in an appropriate manner and language to the target audience. In this case, the audience is children. The Skopos theory maintains that the translator needs to ensure that they fulfil the translation aim and the expectations of the target reader. This can only happen by using various strategies suggested by this and other functional equivalence theories. The researcher has used the Skopos theory to critically analyse children’s texts translated from English into isiXhosa. In the critique, the researcher noticed some errors in the translations, which may end up discouraging the child reader from reading such texts. This article explains the errors found in the texts and how they could be averted. The findings were that there are errors that happen because the translator is faithful to the source language, while there are others that are caused by nonconformity to the target language conventions. Some of these errors are so common in isiXhosa that it is possible that they are no longer considered errors by the translators. One of the recommendations is for the translator to reread the translation before they forward it to the editor and proofreader.
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- Date Issued: 2021
Rural Tourism and Inclusive Development in Port St. Johns - South Africa
- Authors: Acha-Anyi, Paul Nkemngu , Ndolose, Ludwe , Solomon, Khunou Pula
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Rural tourism Community Inclusive development; Sustainable development Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7023 , vital:52758 , xlink:href=":https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.197"
- Description: The purpose of this study was to explore ways of achieving an inclusive approach to tourism development in rural communities. Although tourism has generally been recommended as a means of orchestrating development in rural communities, achieving this laudable goal has often been illusive due to the fragmented approach adopted by tourism stakeholders. An exploratory quantitative research approach was adopted by using a structured survey instrument to generate 307 valid responses from community members in Port St. John in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa. Results obtained reveal similarities and some differences based on demographic characteristics with regards to the benefits of rural tourism to the community. Importantly, the study illuminates the fragmented way in which residents perceive tourism benefits, both from a gender perspective and personal benefit versus community dichotomy. The paper discusses policy as well as practical local economic development implications. Keywords: Rural tourism; community; Port St. Johns; inclusive development; sustainable development
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- Date Issued: 2021
Strategies utilised in translating children’s stories from English into isiXhosa
- Authors: Madolo, Yolisa
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Children Xhosa Grammar, Comparative and general--Ideophone Children, Black, in literature Article
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/11260/7010 , vital:52637 , xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2021.2010919"
- Description: Translation scholars suggest various strategies for dealing with equivalence and non-equivalence. These popular strategies address non-equivalence, the converse of equivalence, that is commonly found in translation. Nonequivalence is found at word, phrase, sentence, and pragmatic levels. Not a great deal of research has been done in the translation strategies used between English and South African indigenous languages. It is possible that these languages employ some strategies that are not listed under current, popular strategies. These strategies may be necessitated by the linguistic and historical differences between English and African languages. For instance, what is acceptable in question form in English might be more suitable as a statement in African languages, specifically isiXhosa. The strategies to be presented are from an ongoing study of selected children’s stories translated from English into isiXhosa. The aim of the study is to scrutinise some of the strategies used by the translators in their translations. Preliminary results reveal that translators from English into isiXhosa may explicitate or implicitate the translation using various strategies like addition, infusing target language culture, translating source language idiom by another figure of speech or even omitting some words. This may have minimal or significant impact on the transferred message.
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- Date Issued: 2021