The advantages and disadvantages of long-term collective bargaining within the Metal & Engineering Industry and Mining Industry
- Labour Research Service (Cape Town, South Africa)
- Authors: Labour Research Service (Cape Town, South Africa)
- Date: 2002-11
- Subjects: Collective bargaining , Labour unions
- Language: English
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111475 , vital:33465
- Description: In 1924 the Industrial Conciliation Act was passed setting up a system of centralised collective bargaining for white workers. Black employees were excluded from this legislation. The Act allowed for the establishment of industrial councils that set wages and conditions of sendee for white workers. The 1970’s was marked by a rapid increase in the number of black workers especially in the manufacturing industries. This led to the rise in militant black trade unions fighting against low wages and poor working conditions of black employees. The state then passed the Black Labour Relations Act of 1973 through which liaison and works committees were set up at plant level. These committees were however, rejected by black trade unions as they did not ensure any improvements in the working conditions of black workers. As the militancy of black trade unions began to grow, a new Industrial Conciliation Act was legislated in 1979 that included all black workers (although migrant workers were initially excluded). The Act allowed for the registration of black unions and participation in centralised bargaining within the industrial councils. The new law still did not protect the rights of black workers and the trade unions instead adopted a strategy of strengthening plant level negotiations as opposed to centralised bargaining. In the late 1980’s as the trade unions strengthened their power base on the shopfloor, they once again changed their strategy and opted for industry wide collective bargaining. This move came about as trade unions realised the potential of industry wide industrial action to ensure improved wages and working conditions of black workers. This move also allowed for the bargaining of non-wage benefits such as maternity benefits, provident funds, health and safety issues, etc. Employers were now opposed to centralised bargaining and reintroduced plant level negotiations by closing several key industrial councils. The 1990’s was characterised by increased pressure from trade unions to legislate centralised bargaining. The Labour Relations Act (LRA) of 1995 was enacted to allow for the establishment of bargaining councils, which replaced industrial councils. However, the LRA only facilitates and promotes centralised bargaining but does not make it compulsory. With the push for increased centralised bargaining came the expansion of the bargaining agenda to include industry' and sector policies, workplace and sector restructuring. HIV/AIDS policies, employment equity, skills training, etc. Employers then began to argue for the introduction of multi-year agreements so that sufficient time could be given to incorporate not only'wage issues but also other socio-economic concerns raised by workers. With the onset of globalisation came the pressures towards increased international competition, restructuring of workplaces, retrenchments, casualisation, privatisation, etc. Collective bargaining is thus being conducted under difficult economic pressures as workers lose their jobs and inflation rates are escalating. Within this climate employers are set to push for the reintroduction of enterprise level bargaining especially in sectors where trade union militancy is strongest. International trends show an increase in - enterprise level bargaining where individual contracts are negotiated. In addition, where centralised bargaining is set to continue, employers will fight to introduce multi-year agreements to allow for more time to phase in non-wage socio-economic demands placed on the negotiating table by workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002-11
- Authors: Labour Research Service (Cape Town, South Africa)
- Date: 2002-11
- Subjects: Collective bargaining , Labour unions
- Language: English
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/111475 , vital:33465
- Description: In 1924 the Industrial Conciliation Act was passed setting up a system of centralised collective bargaining for white workers. Black employees were excluded from this legislation. The Act allowed for the establishment of industrial councils that set wages and conditions of sendee for white workers. The 1970’s was marked by a rapid increase in the number of black workers especially in the manufacturing industries. This led to the rise in militant black trade unions fighting against low wages and poor working conditions of black employees. The state then passed the Black Labour Relations Act of 1973 through which liaison and works committees were set up at plant level. These committees were however, rejected by black trade unions as they did not ensure any improvements in the working conditions of black workers. As the militancy of black trade unions began to grow, a new Industrial Conciliation Act was legislated in 1979 that included all black workers (although migrant workers were initially excluded). The Act allowed for the registration of black unions and participation in centralised bargaining within the industrial councils. The new law still did not protect the rights of black workers and the trade unions instead adopted a strategy of strengthening plant level negotiations as opposed to centralised bargaining. In the late 1980’s as the trade unions strengthened their power base on the shopfloor, they once again changed their strategy and opted for industry wide collective bargaining. This move came about as trade unions realised the potential of industry wide industrial action to ensure improved wages and working conditions of black workers. This move also allowed for the bargaining of non-wage benefits such as maternity benefits, provident funds, health and safety issues, etc. Employers were now opposed to centralised bargaining and reintroduced plant level negotiations by closing several key industrial councils. The 1990’s was characterised by increased pressure from trade unions to legislate centralised bargaining. The Labour Relations Act (LRA) of 1995 was enacted to allow for the establishment of bargaining councils, which replaced industrial councils. However, the LRA only facilitates and promotes centralised bargaining but does not make it compulsory. With the push for increased centralised bargaining came the expansion of the bargaining agenda to include industry' and sector policies, workplace and sector restructuring. HIV/AIDS policies, employment equity, skills training, etc. Employers then began to argue for the introduction of multi-year agreements so that sufficient time could be given to incorporate not only'wage issues but also other socio-economic concerns raised by workers. With the onset of globalisation came the pressures towards increased international competition, restructuring of workplaces, retrenchments, casualisation, privatisation, etc. Collective bargaining is thus being conducted under difficult economic pressures as workers lose their jobs and inflation rates are escalating. Within this climate employers are set to push for the reintroduction of enterprise level bargaining especially in sectors where trade union militancy is strongest. International trends show an increase in - enterprise level bargaining where individual contracts are negotiated. In addition, where centralised bargaining is set to continue, employers will fight to introduce multi-year agreements to allow for more time to phase in non-wage socio-economic demands placed on the negotiating table by workers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002-11
Employee ownership in the context of globalisation: a developing country perspective
- NALEDI
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/153882 , vital:39532
- Description: This paper represents an initial set of ideas focused on employee ownership within the developing country context. The central question being explored is ‘To what extent can employee ownership support the broader goal of poverty reduction in South Africa (and, by extension, in the developing country context)?’. This is a rather broad question, and as such this note sets out to begin the discussion on this question, rather than seek to provide a definite set of answers. The critical perspectives put forward in this note draw heavily on experiences and debates in South Africa, and particularly those within the labour movement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: NALEDI
- Date: 2002
- Subjects: NALEDI
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/153882 , vital:39532
- Description: This paper represents an initial set of ideas focused on employee ownership within the developing country context. The central question being explored is ‘To what extent can employee ownership support the broader goal of poverty reduction in South Africa (and, by extension, in the developing country context)?’. This is a rather broad question, and as such this note sets out to begin the discussion on this question, rather than seek to provide a definite set of answers. The critical perspectives put forward in this note draw heavily on experiences and debates in South Africa, and particularly those within the labour movement.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
English in the prison services: a case of breaking the law?
- De Klerk, Vivian A, Barkhuizen, Gary P
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A , Barkhuizen, Gary P
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6133 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011585
- Description: In this paper we report on an investigation into the use of English in a prison in the Eastern Cape Province, run by the Department of Correctional Services (CS) five years after the declaration of an official multilingual policy. The investigation consisted of a range of interviews and observations in this institution, aimed at establishing the extent to which the national language policy is actually being implemented on the ground. Findings suggest that the use of English predominates in the high, official domains, that there is a marked avoidance of Afrikaans, and that Xhosa, the main language of the Eastern Cape Province, increasingly occupies the lower, unofficial domains. Tensions between policy and practice are discussed, and it is argued that the CS has shown that pragmatism is a much stronger force than ideology. While the roles of Xhosa and Afrikaans appear to be in the process of reversing in the Grahamstown prison, English has emerged as stronger there than it has ever been before. And because it will continue to be a necessary prerequisite for the mobility and promotion of staff in the country as a whole, and the lingua franca for an increasingly mobile criminal population (which means the prisons are likely to become increasingly linguistically diverse, rather than settling into regional patterns), everyone will have to have some proficiency in English, which, ironically, will promote and strengthen it even more.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: De Klerk, Vivian A , Barkhuizen, Gary P
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6133 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011585
- Description: In this paper we report on an investigation into the use of English in a prison in the Eastern Cape Province, run by the Department of Correctional Services (CS) five years after the declaration of an official multilingual policy. The investigation consisted of a range of interviews and observations in this institution, aimed at establishing the extent to which the national language policy is actually being implemented on the ground. Findings suggest that the use of English predominates in the high, official domains, that there is a marked avoidance of Afrikaans, and that Xhosa, the main language of the Eastern Cape Province, increasingly occupies the lower, unofficial domains. Tensions between policy and practice are discussed, and it is argued that the CS has shown that pragmatism is a much stronger force than ideology. While the roles of Xhosa and Afrikaans appear to be in the process of reversing in the Grahamstown prison, English has emerged as stronger there than it has ever been before. And because it will continue to be a necessary prerequisite for the mobility and promotion of staff in the country as a whole, and the lingua franca for an increasingly mobile criminal population (which means the prisons are likely to become increasingly linguistically diverse, rather than settling into regional patterns), everyone will have to have some proficiency in English, which, ironically, will promote and strengthen it even more.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
Heal my heart: stories of hurt and healing from group therapy
- Authors: Knight, Zelda G
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6263 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007881
- Description: This paper records four stories that emerged from four group therapy members. These stories are stories of fundamentally broken hearts. I utilise this material to address two psychological phenomena in group therapy - self-disclosure and the corrective emotional experience. The overarching theoretical framework is the existential approach to group therapy, and the underlying theoretical assumptions of relational psychoanalysis applied to group therapy. In the context of the material I present several theoretical points. Some of the chief points are the notion of the "in-between-ness of healing" and the importance of two processes in healing - i) the process of telling the story (remembering) in such as way that it is relived both emotionally and physically, and ii) followed closely by a corrective emotional experience. The emphasis in this paper is that remembering and reliving in therapy is not enough and a corrective emotional experience is required. Broadening this perspective of the healing mechanism of a corrective emotional experience, a principle argument of this paper is that the therapeutic action in group therapy (as it can be in individual therapy) is not insight but a new relationship.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Knight, Zelda G
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6263 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007881
- Description: This paper records four stories that emerged from four group therapy members. These stories are stories of fundamentally broken hearts. I utilise this material to address two psychological phenomena in group therapy - self-disclosure and the corrective emotional experience. The overarching theoretical framework is the existential approach to group therapy, and the underlying theoretical assumptions of relational psychoanalysis applied to group therapy. In the context of the material I present several theoretical points. Some of the chief points are the notion of the "in-between-ness of healing" and the importance of two processes in healing - i) the process of telling the story (remembering) in such as way that it is relived both emotionally and physically, and ii) followed closely by a corrective emotional experience. The emphasis in this paper is that remembering and reliving in therapy is not enough and a corrective emotional experience is required. Broadening this perspective of the healing mechanism of a corrective emotional experience, a principle argument of this paper is that the therapeutic action in group therapy (as it can be in individual therapy) is not insight but a new relationship.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
The role of quality of life surveys in managing change in democratic transitions: the South African case
- Authors: Moller, Valerie , Dickow, H
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7115 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010748
- Description: The South African Quality of Life Project has tracked subjective well-being, life satisfaction and happiness, since the early eighties at the national level. In most democratic countries around the globe, the average citizen says he or she is satisfied with life in general. In South Africa this is not the case. Since the early 1980s, the trend study shows up disparities between one sector of the South African population that is satisfied with life in general and various aspects of life and another sector that is very dissatisfied. Generally, the better-off report higher levels of satisfaction and happiness than the worse-off. The most plausible explanation for the South African quality-of-life constellation is the huge gap in living standards between rich and poor, a legacy of the apartheid era, which discriminated against blacks and to a lesser extent against Indian and coloured people. Euphoria following on the first democratic elections in April 1994, which registered equally high aggregate levels of happiness and life satisfaction among all sectors of the population, was short-lived. Under democracy, expectations “for a better life for all”, the election slogans for the 1994 and 1999 general elections, has risen. South Africa has one of the most enlightened constitutions, which guarantees basic human rights and supports advancement of the previously disadvantaged. As long as South Africans perceive barriers to accessing the material rewards of democracy, they do not see justice has been done. South Africa is currently grappling with problems common to other societies in transition to democracy. Since 1994, government programmes and policies have been devised to address the critical twin problems of poverty and inequality in society. The latest round of research for the South African Quality of Life Trends Project probes popular assessments of the policies and programmes aimed at improving the quality of life of ordinary South Africans. Interviews with a panel of 25 opinion leaders in the run-up to the June 1999 general elections were followed by a nationally representative opinion survey in October 1999. The paper outlines the role of social indicators in monitoring quality of life in South Africa and reports findings from the elite and rank-and-file surveys. Generally, the winners and losers in the new political dispensation see changes from a different perspective. The disadvantaged are more likely to have seen material gains and recommend increased delivery of services and opportunities for social mobility. The advantaged, who have mainly experienced non-material or no gains since 1994, are more likely to be pessimistic about the future. It is concluded that the groundswell of optimism will sustain the majority of South Africans who are still dissatisfied with life until their dreams of the good life are fulfilled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
- Authors: Moller, Valerie , Dickow, H
- Date: 2002
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7115 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010748
- Description: The South African Quality of Life Project has tracked subjective well-being, life satisfaction and happiness, since the early eighties at the national level. In most democratic countries around the globe, the average citizen says he or she is satisfied with life in general. In South Africa this is not the case. Since the early 1980s, the trend study shows up disparities between one sector of the South African population that is satisfied with life in general and various aspects of life and another sector that is very dissatisfied. Generally, the better-off report higher levels of satisfaction and happiness than the worse-off. The most plausible explanation for the South African quality-of-life constellation is the huge gap in living standards between rich and poor, a legacy of the apartheid era, which discriminated against blacks and to a lesser extent against Indian and coloured people. Euphoria following on the first democratic elections in April 1994, which registered equally high aggregate levels of happiness and life satisfaction among all sectors of the population, was short-lived. Under democracy, expectations “for a better life for all”, the election slogans for the 1994 and 1999 general elections, has risen. South Africa has one of the most enlightened constitutions, which guarantees basic human rights and supports advancement of the previously disadvantaged. As long as South Africans perceive barriers to accessing the material rewards of democracy, they do not see justice has been done. South Africa is currently grappling with problems common to other societies in transition to democracy. Since 1994, government programmes and policies have been devised to address the critical twin problems of poverty and inequality in society. The latest round of research for the South African Quality of Life Trends Project probes popular assessments of the policies and programmes aimed at improving the quality of life of ordinary South Africans. Interviews with a panel of 25 opinion leaders in the run-up to the June 1999 general elections were followed by a nationally representative opinion survey in October 1999. The paper outlines the role of social indicators in monitoring quality of life in South Africa and reports findings from the elite and rank-and-file surveys. Generally, the winners and losers in the new political dispensation see changes from a different perspective. The disadvantaged are more likely to have seen material gains and recommend increased delivery of services and opportunities for social mobility. The advantaged, who have mainly experienced non-material or no gains since 1994, are more likely to be pessimistic about the future. It is concluded that the groundswell of optimism will sustain the majority of South Africans who are still dissatisfied with life until their dreams of the good life are fulfilled.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2002
A non-paraphyletic classification of the afrotropical genus Acanthiops Waltz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)
- Lugo-Ortiz, C R, Barber-James, Helen M, McCafferty, W P, de Moor, Ferdy C
- Authors: Lugo-Ortiz, C R , Barber-James, Helen M , McCafferty, W P , de Moor, Ferdy C
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7006 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008384
- Description: Acanthiops Waltz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) is shown to be a monophyletic grouping defined by an anteromedially emarginate and laterally expanded and flattened pronotum in the larva. Attempts to restrict the concept of Acanthiops to Ac. marlieri (Demoulin) and re-erect Afroptiloides Gillies, syn. n., for Ac. elgonensis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Ac. griffithsi Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Ac. tsitsa Barber-James & McCafferty, Ac. variegatus (Gillies), Ac. varius (Crass) and Ac. zomba Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, are shown to be based on inconsistent and inadequate morphological features that result in a paraphyletic taxonomy. The unofficial separate treatment of Ac. cooperi (Gillies & Wuillot) and Ac. erepens (Gillies) under Platycloeon Gillies & Wuillot is also shown to be paraphyletic. Acanthiops faro Barber-James & McCafferty, sp. n., is described from larvae from Guinea, and is distinguished by the combination of a papillate projection on labial palp segment 2, small tubercles on terga 1-8 and abdominal colour pattern. Acanthiops io Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, sp. n., is described from larvae from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and is distinguished by the combination of a papillate projection on palp segment 2, elongate tubercles on terga 1-9 and abdominal colour pattern. The larva of Ac. erepens (Gillies) is redescribed to incorporate morphological features and variability previously not accounted for, and larvae originally assigned to Baetis cataractae Crass are shown to be equivalent to Ac. erepens. New locality data or emendations on locality data are provided for Ac. griffithsi, Ac. tsitsa Barber-James & McCafferty and Ac. varius (Crass).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Lugo-Ortiz, C R , Barber-James, Helen M , McCafferty, W P , de Moor, Ferdy C
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:7006 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008384
- Description: Acanthiops Waltz & McCafferty (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) is shown to be a monophyletic grouping defined by an anteromedially emarginate and laterally expanded and flattened pronotum in the larva. Attempts to restrict the concept of Acanthiops to Ac. marlieri (Demoulin) and re-erect Afroptiloides Gillies, syn. n., for Ac. elgonensis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Ac. griffithsi Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Ac. tsitsa Barber-James & McCafferty, Ac. variegatus (Gillies), Ac. varius (Crass) and Ac. zomba Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, are shown to be based on inconsistent and inadequate morphological features that result in a paraphyletic taxonomy. The unofficial separate treatment of Ac. cooperi (Gillies & Wuillot) and Ac. erepens (Gillies) under Platycloeon Gillies & Wuillot is also shown to be paraphyletic. Acanthiops faro Barber-James & McCafferty, sp. n., is described from larvae from Guinea, and is distinguished by the combination of a papillate projection on labial palp segment 2, small tubercles on terga 1-8 and abdominal colour pattern. Acanthiops io Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, sp. n., is described from larvae from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and is distinguished by the combination of a papillate projection on palp segment 2, elongate tubercles on terga 1-9 and abdominal colour pattern. The larva of Ac. erepens (Gillies) is redescribed to incorporate morphological features and variability previously not accounted for, and larvae originally assigned to Baetis cataractae Crass are shown to be equivalent to Ac. erepens. New locality data or emendations on locality data are provided for Ac. griffithsi, Ac. tsitsa Barber-James & McCafferty and Ac. varius (Crass).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
Challenges facing a community structure to implement CBNRM in the Eastern Cape, South Africa:
- Cocks, Michelle L, Dold, Anthony P, Grundy, Isla
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P , Grundy, Isla
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141416 , vital:37970 , http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Cocks-Dold-Grundy-Vol-5-Issue-3.pdf
- Description: In most developing countries, community based natural resource management (CBNRM) initiatives have been adopted in an attempt to address the issue of environmental sustainability. This has largely come about due to an increasing recognition of the ineffectiveness of the state to achieve such sustainability. Within the South African context, recent policies have been drafted that aim to achieve these outcomes, which strongly articulate the need for the participation of local people in the management of natural resources both within communal areas and on state-owned land. The objectives of new policies, however, are not being met in the Eastern Cape of South Africa for the following key reasons: the insufficient recognition of the impact of past historical and political upheavals experienced within the former homelands’ situation; the government’s inability to process land applications; the government’s lack of ability and capacity to implement these policies; and frustratingly high levels of hierarchy at both the local and national level. The Masakane community, a group of former farm workers from the former Ciskei homeland in South Africa, are attempting to implement CBNRM initiatives. The Masakane case study reveals the urgent need to develop, implement and enforce new institutional and managerial arrangements, because without such arrangements state policies are unlikely to be implemented at the grassroots level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Cocks, Michelle L , Dold, Anthony P , Grundy, Isla
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/141416 , vital:37970 , http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Cocks-Dold-Grundy-Vol-5-Issue-3.pdf
- Description: In most developing countries, community based natural resource management (CBNRM) initiatives have been adopted in an attempt to address the issue of environmental sustainability. This has largely come about due to an increasing recognition of the ineffectiveness of the state to achieve such sustainability. Within the South African context, recent policies have been drafted that aim to achieve these outcomes, which strongly articulate the need for the participation of local people in the management of natural resources both within communal areas and on state-owned land. The objectives of new policies, however, are not being met in the Eastern Cape of South Africa for the following key reasons: the insufficient recognition of the impact of past historical and political upheavals experienced within the former homelands’ situation; the government’s inability to process land applications; the government’s lack of ability and capacity to implement these policies; and frustratingly high levels of hierarchy at both the local and national level. The Masakane community, a group of former farm workers from the former Ciskei homeland in South Africa, are attempting to implement CBNRM initiatives. The Masakane case study reveals the urgent need to develop, implement and enforce new institutional and managerial arrangements, because without such arrangements state policies are unlikely to be implemented at the grassroots level.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
Measuring the value of the arts to society: the importance of the value of externalities for lower income and education groups in South Africa
- Snowball, Jeanette D, Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143134 , vital:38204 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2001.tb00034.x
- Description: Governments in many countries have cut their support of the arts on the grounds that it is the pleasure of the higher income, well educated members of society that they are sponsoring. In the 1980's government support of the arts, even in developed countries, fell by 30 per cent (Throsby 1994). While it is true that many studies have found that arts attenders represent the educated, prosperous minority of society (Morrison and West, 1986; Dobson and West, 1990; Hendon 1990), this paper argues that if the social as well as the more traditional economic measures of the value of the arts are considered, it can be shown that many of the positive externalties provided by the arts accrue to lower income and education groups.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
- Authors: Snowball, Jeanette D , Antrobus, Geoffrey G
- Date: 2001
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/143134 , vital:38204 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2001.tb00034.x
- Description: Governments in many countries have cut their support of the arts on the grounds that it is the pleasure of the higher income, well educated members of society that they are sponsoring. In the 1980's government support of the arts, even in developed countries, fell by 30 per cent (Throsby 1994). While it is true that many studies have found that arts attenders represent the educated, prosperous minority of society (Morrison and West, 1986; Dobson and West, 1990; Hendon 1990), this paper argues that if the social as well as the more traditional economic measures of the value of the arts are considered, it can be shown that many of the positive externalties provided by the arts accrue to lower income and education groups.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2001
A review of the Red Sea cardinalfishes of the Apogon bandanensis complex: with a description of a new species
- Fraser, Thomas H, Randall, John E, 1924-, Lachner, Ernest A, J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Randall, John E, 1924- , Lachner, Ernest A , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1999-11
- Subjects: Apogon bandanensis , Apogon -- Red Sea -- Classification , Apogon -- Red Sea -- Identification
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71033 , vital:29771 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 63 , Three species of the Apogon bandanensis group are found in the Red Sea, the widespread Apogon guamensis, the endemic Apogon annularis, and a new endemic species Apogon zebrinus. Colour patterns, number of gill-rakers, body depth, second anal spine length, pectoral-fin length, and caudal peduncle depth are important aids for identification of the Red Sea species. Two synonyms of Apogon guamensis were based on juvenile material: Apogon ocellatus from Madagascar and Apogon spongicolus from the Red Sea. Rüppell’s, Günther’s and Klausewitz’s concepts of Apogon annularis are reviewed. Apogon erdmani is a synonym of Apogon annularis. Apogon savayensis and another wide spread new species were not found in any Red Sea collections we examined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999-11
- Authors: Fraser, Thomas H , Randall, John E, 1924- , Lachner, Ernest A , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1999-11
- Subjects: Apogon bandanensis , Apogon -- Red Sea -- Classification , Apogon -- Red Sea -- Identification
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71033 , vital:29771 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 63 , Three species of the Apogon bandanensis group are found in the Red Sea, the widespread Apogon guamensis, the endemic Apogon annularis, and a new endemic species Apogon zebrinus. Colour patterns, number of gill-rakers, body depth, second anal spine length, pectoral-fin length, and caudal peduncle depth are important aids for identification of the Red Sea species. Two synonyms of Apogon guamensis were based on juvenile material: Apogon ocellatus from Madagascar and Apogon spongicolus from the Red Sea. Rüppell’s, Günther’s and Klausewitz’s concepts of Apogon annularis are reviewed. Apogon erdmani is a synonym of Apogon annularis. Apogon savayensis and another wide spread new species were not found in any Red Sea collections we examined.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1999-11
Fluvial conditions during the Holocene as evidenced by alluvial sediments from above Howison's Poort, near Grahamstown, South Africa
- Lewis, Colin A, Illgner, Peter M
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Illgner, Peter M
- Date: 1998
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006733
- Description: Mapping and analyses of alluvial sediments in the Berg River valley, near Grahamstown, has resulted in the identification of over 5 000 years of environmental stability in the early Holocene, in which flood plain sediments accumulated. Subsequent to 4390±90 BP environmental instability, probably due to climatic fluctuations, resulted in the formation of river terraces. Further research is needed to establish the area! limits of this sequence of Holocene climatic and environmental events.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Illgner, Peter M
- Date: 1998
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6697 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006733
- Description: Mapping and analyses of alluvial sediments in the Berg River valley, near Grahamstown, has resulted in the identification of over 5 000 years of environmental stability in the early Holocene, in which flood plain sediments accumulated. Subsequent to 4390±90 BP environmental instability, probably due to climatic fluctuations, resulted in the formation of river terraces. Further research is needed to establish the area! limits of this sequence of Holocene climatic and environmental events.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1998
Tracking a bill : the process of passing a bill through parliament
- Authors: Black Sash
- Date: 1995-03
- Subjects: Legislation -- South Africa , Parliamentary practice -- South Africa , Bill drafting -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75554 , vital:30431
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995-03
- Authors: Black Sash
- Date: 1995-03
- Subjects: Legislation -- South Africa , Parliamentary practice -- South Africa , Bill drafting -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/75554 , vital:30431
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995-03
A review of SADTU Congress
- SADTU
- Authors: SADTU
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: SADTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134551 , vital:37177
- Description: The Third SADTU Congress, held at the World Trade Centre in Kempton Park, was attended by over 800 delegates, representing 100 000 teachers country-wide. Delegates were elected at Branch level, ensuring grass roots participation in the highest decision making body of the Union. The Congress served to confirm SADTU’s position as the largest teacher Union in the country, and demonstrated a strongly unified focus around the theme: “Unionise and Reconstruct for Teacher Empowerment”. The success of any Congress must be measured against the aims it sets itself. Our Congress had two aims: to elect new leadership for the next two years, and to adopt resolutions which would inform the direction and programmes of the Union in this period. While we successfully completed the former task, we could only make a start on the second aspect - confirming the fact that the period we are entering is far more complex than before, and in need of extensive analysis and debate. We therefore mandated the SADTU National Council to formalise the adoption of resolutions arising from the reports. A Special National Council was convened on 25/26 August, with extended participation by regions, and the Congress report can now be finalised.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: SADTU
- Date: 1995
- Subjects: SADTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/134551 , vital:37177
- Description: The Third SADTU Congress, held at the World Trade Centre in Kempton Park, was attended by over 800 delegates, representing 100 000 teachers country-wide. Delegates were elected at Branch level, ensuring grass roots participation in the highest decision making body of the Union. The Congress served to confirm SADTU’s position as the largest teacher Union in the country, and demonstrated a strongly unified focus around the theme: “Unionise and Reconstruct for Teacher Empowerment”. The success of any Congress must be measured against the aims it sets itself. Our Congress had two aims: to elect new leadership for the next two years, and to adopt resolutions which would inform the direction and programmes of the Union in this period. While we successfully completed the former task, we could only make a start on the second aspect - confirming the fact that the period we are entering is far more complex than before, and in need of extensive analysis and debate. We therefore mandated the SADTU National Council to formalise the adoption of resolutions arising from the reports. A Special National Council was convened on 25/26 August, with extended participation by regions, and the Congress report can now be finalised.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1995
Archaeopteris (Progymnospermopsida) from the Devonian of southern Africa
- Anderson, Heidi M, Hiller, Norton, Gess, Robert W
- Authors: Anderson, Heidi M , Hiller, Norton , Gess, Robert W
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72712 , vital:30102 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb02593.x
- Description: Archaeopteris notosaria sp. nov. based on one fertile and numerous sterile leafy branches is described from the Grahamstown By-Pass locality, Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group) Upper Devonian, and represents the first unequivocal record of the genus in southern Africa. This occurrence is used, in its palaeogeographical context, to support the suggestion that climatic gradients in Late Devonian times were less steep than they are at present.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
- Authors: Anderson, Heidi M , Hiller, Norton , Gess, Robert W
- Date: 1995
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/72712 , vital:30102 , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1995.tb02593.x
- Description: Archaeopteris notosaria sp. nov. based on one fertile and numerous sterile leafy branches is described from the Grahamstown By-Pass locality, Witpoort Formation (Witteberg Group) Upper Devonian, and represents the first unequivocal record of the genus in southern Africa. This occurrence is used, in its palaeogeographical context, to support the suggestion that climatic gradients in Late Devonian times were less steep than they are at present.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1995
History after apartheid
- Authors: Maylam, Paul
- Date: 1993-03-24
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54290 , vital:26451 , ISBN 0-86810-256-3
- Description: [From introduction] The purpose of my lecture tonight is to consider some possible future trends and issues in the discipline of South African history in the post-apartheid era. Before doing that I need to say something about two influences or traditions that have left a troublesome legacy and require critical examination. I am referring to the two ‘E’s’: empiricism and eurocentrism. Now it is true that both of these have wilted under serious assaults from scholars in the past 25 years. But both remain present in many sorts of texts; both remain embedded in what we might call ‘the everyday commonsense view of the world’ - so that they continue to constitute a problem.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993-03-24
- Authors: Maylam, Paul
- Date: 1993-03-24
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/54290 , vital:26451 , ISBN 0-86810-256-3
- Description: [From introduction] The purpose of my lecture tonight is to consider some possible future trends and issues in the discipline of South African history in the post-apartheid era. Before doing that I need to say something about two influences or traditions that have left a troublesome legacy and require critical examination. I am referring to the two ‘E’s’: empiricism and eurocentrism. Now it is true that both of these have wilted under serious assaults from scholars in the past 25 years. But both remain present in many sorts of texts; both remain embedded in what we might call ‘the everyday commonsense view of the world’ - so that they continue to constitute a problem.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1993-03-24
New Unity Movement Bulletin
- Date: 1992-11
- Subjects: Government, Resistance to -- South Africa , South Africa -- History -- 20th century , South Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31191 , vital:31335 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Bulletin was the official newsletter of the New Unity Movement. It was published about twice a year and contained articles reflecting the organisation's views on resistance to the Apartheid government.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1992-11
- Date: 1992-11
- Subjects: Government, Resistance to -- South Africa , South Africa -- History -- 20th century , South Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31191 , vital:31335 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Bulletin was the official newsletter of the New Unity Movement. It was published about twice a year and contained articles reflecting the organisation's views on resistance to the Apartheid government.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1992-11
Centralised bargaining meeting held on the 14 September 1992 at SACCAWU head office
- South African Commercial, Catering, and Allied Workers Union
- Authors: South African Commercial, Catering, and Allied Workers Union
- Date: 1992-09-14
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/105843 , vital:32575
- Description: Had a meeting with employers last month. Over 400 national companies were invited. Attendance was poor. Follow up meeting on 24th. Response was that they are not coming. CWIU went into a workshop. Could not agree on anything. Attendance was not good. Various problems were raised. NEC declare a dispute but first have to assess our strength on the ground. The union has different sectors; Petro Chemicals, Plastics, Rubber, Glass, Consumer Chemicals. Follow up meeting on 24th. Demands-1. Centralised bargaining 2. Retrenchments// Complex industry in terms of sectorisation. How to define industries. Just been admitted to metal industrial council. We have to look at other unions in pur industry and the position with other COSATU affiliates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992-09-14
- Authors: South African Commercial, Catering, and Allied Workers Union
- Date: 1992-09-14
- Subjects: Uncatalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , pamphlet
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/105843 , vital:32575
- Description: Had a meeting with employers last month. Over 400 national companies were invited. Attendance was poor. Follow up meeting on 24th. Response was that they are not coming. CWIU went into a workshop. Could not agree on anything. Attendance was not good. Various problems were raised. NEC declare a dispute but first have to assess our strength on the ground. The union has different sectors; Petro Chemicals, Plastics, Rubber, Glass, Consumer Chemicals. Follow up meeting on 24th. Demands-1. Centralised bargaining 2. Retrenchments// Complex industry in terms of sectorisation. How to define industries. Just been admitted to metal industrial council. We have to look at other unions in pur industry and the position with other COSATU affiliates.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1992-09-14
New Unity Movement Bulletin
- Date: 1991-03
- Subjects: Government, Resistance to -- South Africa , South Africa -- History -- 20th century , South Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31147 , vital:31331 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Bulletin was the official newsletter of the New Unity Movement. It was published about twice a year and contained articles reflecting the organisation's views on resistance to the Apartheid government.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1991-03
- Date: 1991-03
- Subjects: Government, Resistance to -- South Africa , South Africa -- History -- 20th century , South Africa -- Politics and government
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/31147 , vital:31331 , Bulk File 7
- Description: The Bulletin was the official newsletter of the New Unity Movement. It was published about twice a year and contained articles reflecting the organisation's views on resistance to the Apartheid government.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 1991-03
Economic Policy Seminar
- NACTU
- Authors: NACTU
- Date: July 1990
- Subjects: NACTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/138635 , vital:37658
- Description: This department decided to retain the current 1990/1 budget figure of R7bn for curative health and administration costs. A further R2.1bn was proposed for preventative health care. The total health budget is therefore R9.1bn. Primary Health Care (PHC) will be an addition to the health budget. The PHC addition is R1.4bn, which will cover training of PHC workers; the cost of purchasing the ten identified common medicines and drugs that will be mass produced and the cost of setting up informal rural clinics. A further addition to the health budget is the setting up and equiping local Rehabilitation Centres (RC). R0.7bn is allocated for these centres. Speech therapy, physiotherapy and such medical science disciplines will be located at the local RC so as to ease the pressure on hosipitals. The setting up Industrial Hosipitals (IH) which will be located in the industrial areas will be assisted by the health department. The IH must be viewed as an alternative to "medical aid", that workers are increasingly demanding in collective bargaining. Instead IH would be set up in industrial areas serving the factories in those areas. These IH will controlled by workers and management with the health department playing only an advisory and inspectionary role.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: July 1990
- Authors: NACTU
- Date: July 1990
- Subjects: NACTU
- Language: English
- Type: text
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/138635 , vital:37658
- Description: This department decided to retain the current 1990/1 budget figure of R7bn for curative health and administration costs. A further R2.1bn was proposed for preventative health care. The total health budget is therefore R9.1bn. Primary Health Care (PHC) will be an addition to the health budget. The PHC addition is R1.4bn, which will cover training of PHC workers; the cost of purchasing the ten identified common medicines and drugs that will be mass produced and the cost of setting up informal rural clinics. A further addition to the health budget is the setting up and equiping local Rehabilitation Centres (RC). R0.7bn is allocated for these centres. Speech therapy, physiotherapy and such medical science disciplines will be located at the local RC so as to ease the pressure on hosipitals. The setting up Industrial Hosipitals (IH) which will be located in the industrial areas will be assisted by the health department. The IH must be viewed as an alternative to "medical aid", that workers are increasingly demanding in collective bargaining. Instead IH would be set up in industrial areas serving the factories in those areas. These IH will controlled by workers and management with the health department playing only an advisory and inspectionary role.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: July 1990
Descriptions of two new species of West African amphiliid catfishes (Siluroidei: Amphiliidae)
- Skelton, Paul H (Paul Harvey), J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Authors: Skelton, Paul H (Paul Harvey) , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1989-08
- Subjects: Catfishes , Siluridae , Fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70324 , vital:29645 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 48 , Two new amphiliid catfish species from west Africa are described. A new Paramphilius from the Little Scarcies River basin in Guinea, is the third species of the genus from that area. It has a relatively deeper body and longer fins than other upper Guinean Paramphilius species. The new species of Doumea from the Cross River in Nigeria and Cameroons is characterised by a long predorsal length and a relatively short stout caudal peduncle.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989-08
- Authors: Skelton, Paul H (Paul Harvey) , J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
- Date: 1989-08
- Subjects: Catfishes , Siluridae , Fishes -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/70324 , vital:29645 , Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB)) Periodicals Margaret Smith Library (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB))
- Description: Online version of original print edition of the Special Publication of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology; No. 48 , Two new amphiliid catfish species from west Africa are described. A new Paramphilius from the Little Scarcies River basin in Guinea, is the third species of the genus from that area. It has a relatively deeper body and longer fins than other upper Guinean Paramphilius species. The new species of Doumea from the Cross River in Nigeria and Cameroons is characterised by a long predorsal length and a relatively short stout caudal peduncle.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 1989-08