A STAT3 of addiction: adipose tissue, adipocytokine signalling and STAT3 as mediators of metabolic remodelling in the tumour microenvironment
- Kadye, Rose, Stoffels, Mihlali, Fanucci, Sidne, Mbanxa, Siso, Prinsloo, Earl
- Authors: Kadye, Rose , Stoffels, Mihlali , Fanucci, Sidne , Mbanxa, Siso , Prinsloo, Earl
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149395 , vital:38846 , https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9041043
- Description: Metabolic remodelling of the tumour microenvironment is a major mechanism by which cancer cells survive and resist treatment. The pro-oncogenic inflammatory cascade released by adipose tissue promotes oncogenic transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and evasion of apoptosis. STAT3 has emerged as an important mediator of metabolic remodelling. As a downstream effector of adipocytokines and cytokines, its canonical and non-canonical activities affect mitochondrial functioning and cancer metabolism. In this review, we examine the central role played by the crosstalk between the transcriptional and mitochondrial roles of STAT3 to promote survival and further oncogenesis within the tumour microenvironment with a particular focus on adipose-breast cancer interactions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Kadye, Rose , Stoffels, Mihlali , Fanucci, Sidne , Mbanxa, Siso , Prinsloo, Earl
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149395 , vital:38846 , https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9041043
- Description: Metabolic remodelling of the tumour microenvironment is a major mechanism by which cancer cells survive and resist treatment. The pro-oncogenic inflammatory cascade released by adipose tissue promotes oncogenic transformation, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and evasion of apoptosis. STAT3 has emerged as an important mediator of metabolic remodelling. As a downstream effector of adipocytokines and cytokines, its canonical and non-canonical activities affect mitochondrial functioning and cancer metabolism. In this review, we examine the central role played by the crosstalk between the transcriptional and mitochondrial roles of STAT3 to promote survival and further oncogenesis within the tumour microenvironment with a particular focus on adipose-breast cancer interactions.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Habitat requirements affect genetic variation in three species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from South Africa:
- Taylor, Chantal L, Barker, Nigel P, Barber-James, Helen M, Villet, Martin H, Pereira-da-Conceicoa, Lyndall L
- Authors: Taylor, Chantal L , Barker, Nigel P , Barber-James, Helen M , Villet, Martin H , Pereira-da-Conceicoa, Lyndall L
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149314 , vital:38824 , https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.936.38587
- Description: This study investigates genetic diversity in three species of Ephemeroptera, one eurytopic and therefore widespread (Afroptilum sudafricanum) and two stenotopic and thus endemic (Demoreptus natalensis and Demoreptus capensis) species, all of which co-occur in the southern Great Escarpment, South Africa. Mitochondrial DNA was analysed to compare the genetic diversity between the habitat generalist and the two habitat specialists. Afroptilum sudafricanum showed no indication of population genetic structure due to geographic location, while both Demoreptus species revealed clear genetic differentiation between geographic localities and catchments, evident from phylogenetic analyses and high FST values from AMOVA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Taylor, Chantal L , Barker, Nigel P , Barber-James, Helen M , Villet, Martin H , Pereira-da-Conceicoa, Lyndall L
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/149314 , vital:38824 , https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.936.38587
- Description: This study investigates genetic diversity in three species of Ephemeroptera, one eurytopic and therefore widespread (Afroptilum sudafricanum) and two stenotopic and thus endemic (Demoreptus natalensis and Demoreptus capensis) species, all of which co-occur in the southern Great Escarpment, South Africa. Mitochondrial DNA was analysed to compare the genetic diversity between the habitat generalist and the two habitat specialists. Afroptilum sudafricanum showed no indication of population genetic structure due to geographic location, while both Demoreptus species revealed clear genetic differentiation between geographic localities and catchments, evident from phylogenetic analyses and high FST values from AMOVA.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Impact of early pandemic stage mutations on molecular dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro:
- Amamuddy, Olivier S, Verkhivker, Gennady M, Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Verkhivker, Gennady M , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162330 , vital:40835 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00634
- Description: A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a global threat to world health and economy. Its dimeric main protease (Mpro), which is required for the proteolytic cleavage of viral precursor proteins, is a good candidate for drug development owing to its conservation and the absence of a human homolog. Improving our understanding of Mpro behavior can accelerate the discovery of effective therapies to reduce mortality. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (100 ns) of 50 mutant Mpro dimers obtained from filtered sequences from the GISAID database were analyzed using root-mean-square deviation, root-mean-square fluctuation, Rg, averaged betweenness centrality, and geometry calculations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Amamuddy, Olivier S , Verkhivker, Gennady M , Tastan Bishop, Özlem
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/162330 , vital:40835 , https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00634
- Description: A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a global threat to world health and economy. Its dimeric main protease (Mpro), which is required for the proteolytic cleavage of viral precursor proteins, is a good candidate for drug development owing to its conservation and the absence of a human homolog. Improving our understanding of Mpro behavior can accelerate the discovery of effective therapies to reduce mortality. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (100 ns) of 50 mutant Mpro dimers obtained from filtered sequences from the GISAID database were analyzed using root-mean-square deviation, root-mean-square fluctuation, Rg, averaged betweenness centrality, and geometry calculations.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Ruthenium complexes with mono-or bis-heterocyclic chelates: DNA/BSA binding, Antioxidant and Anticancer studies
- Maikoo, Sanam, Chakraborty, Abir, Vukea, Nyeleti, Dingle, Laura M K, Samson, William J, de la Mare, Jo-Anne, Edkins, Adrienne L, Booysen, Irvin N
- Authors: Maikoo, Sanam , Chakraborty, Abir , Vukea, Nyeleti , Dingle, Laura M K , Samson, William J , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Edkins, Adrienne L , Booysen, Irvin N
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165463 , vital:41246 , DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1775126
- Description: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding interactions for a series of ruthenium heterocyclic complexes were monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, fluorescence emission spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. Investigations of the DNA interactions for the metal complexes revealed that they are groove-binders with intrinsic binding constants in the order of 104 – 107 M−1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Maikoo, Sanam , Chakraborty, Abir , Vukea, Nyeleti , Dingle, Laura M K , Samson, William J , de la Mare, Jo-Anne , Edkins, Adrienne L , Booysen, Irvin N
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/165463 , vital:41246 , DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1775126
- Description: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding interactions for a series of ruthenium heterocyclic complexes were monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, fluorescence emission spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. Investigations of the DNA interactions for the metal complexes revealed that they are groove-binders with intrinsic binding constants in the order of 104 – 107 M−1.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
Urban nature and biocultural realities:
- Shackleton, Charlie M, Cocks, Michelle L
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Cocks, Michelle L
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175709 , vital:42617 , ISBN 9781000215182
- Description: There is no longer any doubt that an important component of and contributor to human wellbeing is the natural environment in which people live, work and relax (Summers et al. 2012). Whilst initial ideas of human wellbeing, early in the second half of the 20th century, focussed on objective measures that could be quantified and contribute to humans’ basic needs, they have evolved a great deal since, despite the lack of consensus on a precise definition of human wellbeing (Summers et al. 2012). Over the last five decades the conceptions of human wellbeing have become more complex and inclusive of the more subjective and less tangible components of human existence, including the natural environment (King et al. 2014).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
- Authors: Shackleton, Charlie M , Cocks, Michelle L
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: text , book
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/175709 , vital:42617 , ISBN 9781000215182
- Description: There is no longer any doubt that an important component of and contributor to human wellbeing is the natural environment in which people live, work and relax (Summers et al. 2012). Whilst initial ideas of human wellbeing, early in the second half of the 20th century, focussed on objective measures that could be quantified and contribute to humans’ basic needs, they have evolved a great deal since, despite the lack of consensus on a precise definition of human wellbeing (Summers et al. 2012). Over the last five decades the conceptions of human wellbeing have become more complex and inclusive of the more subjective and less tangible components of human existence, including the natural environment (King et al. 2014).
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2020
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