Isixhosa Literature: XHS 122E
- Authors: Ganto, D J , Satyo, N P , Mdaka, S S
- Date: 2010-01
- Subjects: Xhosa literature
- Language: Xhosa
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:18390 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1011550
- Description: Isixhosa Literature: XHS 122E, supplementary examination January 2010.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2010-01
Physiological Biochemistry: BCH 321
- Authors: Mkwetshana, T N , Wilhelmi, B
- Date: 2009-11
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17862 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010490
- Description: Physiological Biochemistry: BCH 321, examination November 2009.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009-11
Taxation 3B: ATV 321E & ATA 321E
- Authors: Krug, L , Stevens, N , Olivier, J , Poole, R
- Date: 2009-11
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17430 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1009803
- Description: Taxation 3B: ATV 321E & ATA 321E, Final Assessment, November 2009.
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- Date Issued: 2009-11
Introduction to Financial Management: BEC 311 & 311E
- Authors: Fatoki, O O , Rowles, M , Tait, M
- Date: 2009-07
- Subjects: Business enterprises -- Finance
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17443 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010254
- Description: Introduction to Financial Management: BEC 311 & 311E, Supplementary examination January 2009.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2009-07
Taxation: ATV 311E & ATA 311E
- Authors: Stevens, N , Krug, L
- Date: 2009-06
- Subjects: Tax accounting
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17407 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1009771
- Description: Examination on Taxation: ATV 311E & ATA 311E - June Exams 2009
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- Date Issued: 2009-06
Pollinators, “mustard oil” volatiles, and fruit production in flowers of the dioecious tree Drypetes natalensis (Putranjivaceae)
- Authors: Johnson, Steven D , Griffiths, Megan E , Peter, Craig I , Lawes, Michael J
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6519 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005948
- Description: The Putranjivaceae is an enigmatic family, notable for being the only lineage outside the Capparales to possess the glucosinolate biochemical pathway, which forms the basis of an induced chemical defense system against herbivores (the “ mustard oil bomb ” ). We investigated the pollination biology and fl oral scent chemistry of Drypetes natalensis (Putranjivaceae), a dioecious subcanopy tree with fl owers borne on the stem (caulifl ory). Flowering male trees were more abundant than female ones and produced about 10-fold more fl owers. Flowers of both sexes produce copious amounts of nectar on disc-like nectaries accessible to short-tongued insects. The main fl ower visitors observed were cetoniid beetles, bees, and vespid wasps. Pollen load analysis indicated that these insects exhibit a high degree of fi delity to D. natalensis fl owers. Insects effectively transfer pollen from male to female plants resulting in about 31% of female fl owers developing fruits with viable seeds. Cetoniid beetles showed signifi cant orientation toward the scent of D. natalensis fl owers in a Y-maze olfactometer. The scents of male and female fl owers are similar in chemical composition and dominated by fatty acid derivatives and isothiocyanates from the glucosinolate pathway. The apparent constitutive emission of isothiocyanates raises interesting new questions about their functional role in flowers.
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- Date Issued: 2009
Possible trace fossils of putative termite origin in the Lower Jurassic (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa and Lesotho
- Authors: Bordy, Emese M , Bumby, A J , Catuneanu, O , Eriksson, P G
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6732 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007541
- Description: Complex structures in the sandstones of the Lower Jurassic aeolian Clarens Formation (Karoo Supergroup) are found at numerous localities throughout southern Africa, and can be assigned to five distinct architectural groups: (1) up to 3.3-m high, free-standing, slab-shaped forms of bioturbated sandstones with elliptical bases, orientated buttresses and an interconnecting large burrow system; (2) up to 1.2-m high, free-standing, irregular forms of bioturbated sandstones with 2-cm to 4-cm thick, massive walls, empty chambers and vertical shafts; (3) about 0.15-m to 0.25-m high, mainly bulbous, multiple forms with thin walls (<2 cm), hollow chambers with internal pillars and bridges; (4) about 0.15-m to 0.2-m (maximum 1-m) high, free-standing forms of aggregated solitary spheres associated with massive horizontal, orientated capsules or tubes, and meniscate tubes; and (5) about 5 cmin diameter, ovoid forms with weak internal shelving in a close-fitting cavity. Based on size, wall thickness, orientation and the presence of internal chambers, these complex structures are tentatively interpreted as ichnofossils of an Early Jurassic social organism; the different architectures are reflective of the different behaviours of more than one species, the history of structural change in architectural forms (ontogenetic series) or an architectural adaptation to local palaeoclimatic variability. While exact modern equivalents are unknown, some of these ichnofossils are comparable to nests (or parts of nests) constructed by extant termites, and thus these Jurassic structures are very tentatively interpreted here as having been made by a soil-dwelling social organism, probably of termite origin. This southern African discovery, along with reported Triassic and Jurassic termite ichnofossils from North America, supports previous hypotheses that sociality in insects, particularity in termites, likely evolved prior to the Pangea breakup in the Early Mesozoic.
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- Date Issued: 2009
Pseudopolydora species associated with mollusc shells on the south coast of South Africa, with the description of Ps. dayii, sp nov
- Authors: Simon, Carol A
- Date: 2009
- Language: English
- Type: text , Article
- Identifier: vital:6875 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011623
- Description: Two species of the genus Pseudopolydora, Ps. dayii, sp. nov. and Ps. antennata, were associated with gastropods on the south and south-east coasts of South Africa. Pseudopolydora dayii is characterized by prominent post-chaetal notopodial lobes on chaetiger 1 with very long chaetae, a prominent occipital tentacle, having hooded hooks that start on chaetiger 9, branchiae that start on chaetiger 6, stout hooks and lobes placed latero-posteriorly to the hooded hooks in posterior chaetigers. It is a surface-fouler and was found on several species of wild gastropods at four of the five sites sampled and from additional material from the south-west coast and on cultured abalone (Haliotis midae) at a farm on the south-west coast. Three individuals of Ps. antennata were found only with oysters at the easternmost site. This was the first record of this species outside of the Western Cape Province and it is possible that their association with the oysters was fortuitous.
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- Date Issued: 2009
Quantitative post-release evaluation of biological control of floating fern, Salvinia molesta DS Mitchell (Salviniaceae), with Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera Curculionidae) on the Senegal River and Senegal River Delta
- Authors: Diop Ousseynou , Hill, Martin P
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/451467 , vital:75051 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC32802
- Description: The floating aquatic fern, Salvinia molesta D.S Mitchell (Salviniaceae) was first recorded in Senegal in 1999 and by 2000 it covered an estimated area of 18 000 ha on the Senegal River Left Bank and tributaries (Senegal) and 7840 ha on the Senegal River Right Bank (Mauritania). The weevil, Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was considered the best option for control and some 48 953 weevils were released at 270 sites during 2002. Within one year, weevils had established and were recovered up to 50km from the release sites. At most of the release sites, the S. molesta infestation was reduced from 100 % to less than 5 % within 24 months of release. These results are discussed in the context of the weed's negative impact on aquatic systems.
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- Date Issued: 2009
Universal digital inclusion: Beyond connectivity, affordability and capability
- Authors: Thinyane, Mamello , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/430876 , vital:72724 , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5338911
- Description: Traditionally digital marginalization and exclusion were understood to be a factor of connectivity to the Internet, affordability of the technology, and the capability of the communities to utilize the technology. ICT for development (ICT4D) interventions have been undertaken that address these specific factors of marginalization, however, it remains that com-munities are still excluded from the global knowledge society. In this paper we argue that key factors towards reaching greater inclusion and participation of the digitally marginalized communities, are the knowledge-centricity and context-sensitivity of the undertaken interven-tions. The solutions developed, and the services deployed, must intrin-sically encapsulate the local knowledge within the community of de-ployment. Based on this premise we have developed an architectural framework, named PIASK, that formalizes the contextualization of the developed applications within the socio-technical environment and po-sitions them within the local knowledge system of the community. We highlight the components of this architecture and discuss its implemen-tation through a knowledge platform for a community in South Africa.
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- Date Issued: 2009
Descriptive Chemistry: PAC 113F
- Authors: Hasheni, T , Mrwebi, M , Tichagwa, L , Ajibade, A P
- Date: 2008-07
- Language: English
- Type: Examination paper
- Identifier: vital:17825 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1010378
- Description: Descriptive Chemistry: PAC 113F, supplementary degree examination July 2008.
- Full Text: false
- Date Issued: 2008-07
Coastal topography drives genetic structure in marine mussels
- Authors: Nicastro, Katy R , Zardi, Gerardo I , McQuaid, Christopher D , Teske, Peter R , Barker, Nigel P
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/445634 , vital:74409 , https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07607
- Description: Understanding population connectivity is fundamental to ecology, and, for sedentary organisms, connectivity is achieved through larval dispersal. We tested whether coastal topography influences genetic structure in Perna perna mussels by comparing populations inside bays and on the open coast. Higher hydrodynamic stress on the open coast produces higher mortality and thus genetic turnover. Populations on the open coast had fewer private haplotypes and less genetic endemism than those inside bays. Gene flow analysis showed that bays act as source populations, with greater migration rates out of bays than into them. Differences in genetic structure on scales of 10s of kilometres show that coastal configuration strongly affects selection, larval dispersal and haplotype diversity.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Determination of the optimal water temperature for the culture of juvenile dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus Temminck and Schlegel 1843:
- Authors: Collett, Paul D , Vine, Niall G , Kaiser, Horst , Baxter, Jeremy
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/142804 , vital:38118 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01960.x
- Description: The effects of temperature on growth, food conversion ratio (FCR) and feeding intensity of juvenile dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus (23.7±2.6 g fish−1) were assessed over the temperature range 17.5–28.5°C in a 42 day growth trial. Growth increased with increasing temperature up to an optimum after which it declined. Specific growth rates were 2.05% and 1.2% day−1 for the fastest (25.3 °C) and the slowest (17.5 °C) treatments respectively. Food conversion ratio peaked at a lower temperature than growth. Optimal (0.72 kg kg gain−1) and least efficient (1.40 kg kg gain−1) FCR were found at 21.7 and 17.5°C respectively. Feeding intensity was linearly related to temperature within the range of 17.5–28.5°C. These results corresponded to the thermal preference (25–26.4°C) and natural temperature distribution (12–28°C) of South African dusky kob. Determination of the temperature range that does not limit growth is a prerequisite to assess the relationship between growth and environmental variables such as light intensity, feeding regime and stocking density. Consequently, experiments to determine the effects of these environmental variables on growth and aquaculture potential of dusky kob should be conducted at 24–26°C.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Evaluating and improving morpho-syntactic classification over multiple corpora using pre-trained, off-the-shelf, parts-of-speech tagging tools reviewed article
- Authors: Glass, Kevin R , Bangay, Shaun D
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/433427 , vital:72969 , https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC28053
- Description: This paper evaluates six commonly available parts-of-speech tagging tools over corpora other than those upon which they were originally trained. In particular this investigation measures the performance of the selected tools over varying styles and genres of text without retraining, under the assumption that domain specific training data is not always available. An investigation is performed to determine whether improved results can be achieved by combining the set of tagging tools into ensembles that use voting schemes to determine the best tag for each word. It is found that while accuracy drops due to non-domain specific training, and tag-mapping between corpora, accuracy remains very high, with the support vector machine-based tagger, and the decision tree-based tagger performing best over different corpora. It is also found that an ensemble containing a support vector machine-based tagger, a probabilistic tagger, a decision-tree based tagger and a rule-based tagger produces the largest increase in accuracy and the largest reduction in error across different corpora, using the Precision-Recall voting scheme.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2008
Juvenile population dynamics of Oreochromis mossambicus in an intermittently open estuary at the limit of its natural distribution
- Authors: Ellender, Bruce R , Weyl, Olaf L F , Shanyengange, M K , Cowley, Paul D
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/446893 , vital:74568 , https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2008.11657245
- Description: Juvenile Oreochromis mossambicus in the 25 ha, temperate, intermittently open, East Kleinemonde Estuary in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (33°32’S, 27°03’E), showed a seasonal shift in distribution, occupying all areas of the estuary in summer and, subsequently, being limited to the upper reaches in winter. The young of the year in the littoral zone were rapidly depleted and resultant estimates of the instantaneous rate of total mortality (Z) ranged from 5.4/yr to 6.9/yr. High annual rates of juvenile mortality and small adult populations imply that stock recovery after a reduction in adult population numbers, through activities such as fishing, may be slow. This work adds to the knowledge base of O. mossambicus ecology and population dynamics in temperate estuaries at the limit of its natural distribution.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Marine reservoir corrections : St. Helena, South Atlantic Ocean
- Authors: Lewis, Colin A , Reimer, P J , Reimer, R W
- Date: 2008
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6701 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006737
- Description: We present the first marine reservoir age and ∆R determination for the island of St. Helena using marine mollusk radiocarbon dates obtained from an historical context of known age. This represents the first marine reservoir age and ∆R determination in the southern Atlantic Ocean within thousands of kilometers of the island. The depletion of 14C in the shells indicates a rather larger reservoir age for that portion of the surface Atlantic than models indicate. The implication is that upwelling old water along the Namibian coast is transported for a considerable distance, although it is likely to be variable on a decadal timescale. An artilleryman’s button, together with other artifacts found in a midden, demonstrate association of the mollusk shells with a narrow historic period of AD 1815–1835.
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- Date Issued: 2008
The localisation into isiXhosa of the iLanga telephone system
- Authors: Dalvit, Lorenzo , Tsietsi, Mosiuoa , Terzoli, Alfredo , Maseko, Pamela , Sam, Msindisi S , Mapi, Thandeka
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431358 , vital:72767 , https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstream/handle/123456789/6552/Information Communica-tion Technologies page 410.pdf?sequence=1isAllowed=y#page=256
- Description: In this paper we describe the localisation of iLanga, a VoIP PBX sys-tem, into isiXhosa. In South Africa, for social and political reasons, mak-ing systems available in the African languages is becoming more and more important. On the one hand, it gives access to the use of technol-ogy to people who are not fluent in English. On the other hand, it has a strong symbolic value. Although a variety of software is already availa-ble in a number of African languages, localisation in such language is still in its early stage. The process presented interesting challenges both from the technical and the linguistic point of view.
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- Date Issued: 2008
The role of indigenous knowledge in computer education in Africa
- Authors: Dalvit, Lorenzo , Murray, Sarah , Terzoli, Alfredo
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431033 , vital:72739 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09729-9_43
- Description: The integration of indigenous knowledge/languages in formal education is a contentious issue in post-colonial Africa. For historical and econom-ic reasons, these are devalued in the formal education system. We ar-gue that appropriate use of indigenous knowledge/languages can em-power African students academically even in typically “Western” disci-plines, such as Computer Science. We discuss the potential role of in-digenous languages/knowledge in ICT education and then describe an intervention, supporting students from marginalised communities, at a South African University.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Transitions towards a knowledge society: Aspectual pre-evaluation of a culture-sensitive implementation framework
- Authors: Thinyane, Mamello , Terzoli, Alfredo , Clayton, Peter G
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: To be catalogued
- Language: English
- Type: text , article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10962/431054 , vital:72741 , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09729-9_41
- Description: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is aiding the transi-tion of society into information society and ultimately knowledge society. Embedded within ICT are the cultural and philosophical undercurrents of the society in which the ICT solutions are developed, currently pre-dominantly the Western culture. The proliferation of ICT is therefore in-advertedly leading to more Westernization of the world. It is important, therefore, that ICT solutions are culture sensitive and flexible enough to be situated within different cultures. To that end, we utilize Herman Dooyeweerd’s Theory of Modal Aspects to analyze a framework we has developed for implementation of locally situated knowledge based systems, to determine its efficacy in addressing the different modal as-pects, which make up the total experience and cultural expressiveness of societies.
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- Date Issued: 2008
Karyology of three evolutionarily hexaploid southern African species of yellowfish, Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 (Cyprinidae)
- Authors: Naran, Daksha , Skelton, Paul H , Villet, Martin H
- Date: 2007
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: vital:6855 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011138 , http://dx.doi.org/10.3377/1562-7020(2007)42[254:KOTEHS]2.0.CO;2
- Description: The karyotypes of three species of yellowfish, namely Labeobarbus marequensis (A. Smith, 1841), L. capensis (A. Smith, 1841) and L. polylepis (Boulenger, 1907), were examined by Giemsa staining using an approach improved for the description of high chromosome numbers. In each case, 2n = 150; no heteromorphic chromosomes were detected; chromosomes in all morphological categories ranged smoothly from large to small, with no distinctly large submetacentric pairs; and metacentric chromosomes showed little variation in size. Labeobarbus marequensis had 26 metacentric (m), 44 submetacentric (sm), 42 subtelocentric (st) and 38 acrocentric (a) chromosomes and a fundamental number (FN) of 262; L. capensis had 16 m, 58 sm, 42 st and 34 a chromosomes and FN = 266; and L. polylepis had 18 m, 60 sm, 42 st and 30 a chromosomes and FN = 270. These results, combined with published literature, imply that Labeobarbus Rüppel, 1836 is an evolutionarily hexaploid African lineage and support its removal from synonymy with the evolutionarily tetraploid Asian genus Tor Gray, 1834. A review of fundamental numbers for conspecific Labeobarbus species examined in different studies implicated karyological technique as a confounding factor in assessing details of karyotypes, leading to recommendations for future karyological studies of barbine fishes. Potential synapomorphies are pointed out in karyological characters of species within Labeobarbus.
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- Date Issued: 2007