Analysis of leadership and management challenges facing school principals in Circuit no. 12 of the King William's Town District of the Eastern Cape Province
- Authors: Ngangelizwe, Nomakaya Orrienda
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School principals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , King William's Town (South Africa)
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MPA
- Identifier: vital:11653 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006981 , School management and organization -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , School principals -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Education and state -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , Educational leadership -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape , King William's Town (South Africa)
- Description: Within the South African context, because of political and social changes and the influence caused by these changes on educational structures, the new and high demands are required from school principals. Principals now find it necessary to make choices and take decisions .Unfortunately they are not equipped sufficiently to make careful decisions in meeting constitutional demands (Niehaus & Myburgh, 1999). According to Evans (1997:20) (as cited by Schoeman, 2006) the establishment of suitable institutions is sufficient in keeping a free and democratic society, world events (fascism in Japan, Italy, Germany,1920s-1930s;cold war in Europe, 1940s-1980s are there to remind us that even the best –designed institutions are not sufficient. A free and democratic society is dependent on knowledge, skills and virtues of its citizens (IDASA 1999:2). Brown and Duku, 2008 contend that when SASA was introduced, it was of the idea that it would create a new school governance landscape (Naidoo, 2005). Criticisms are blaming the SASA for the tensions that exist in school governance. SASA is viewed as steeply middle- class in identity and is accused of normalising parental participation in school governance in middle-class terms. Another criticism is on the assumption that parents should have the resources and time to spend on school activities (Dyer &Rose, 2005; Fakir, 2003; Sayed & Soudien, 2005). When criticisms against this Act were taken stock of in the context of socio-economic realities of many communities in rural locations in SA, it is difficult to disagree. The report of the Ministerial Review Committee cited socio-economic related difficulties as paralysing how parents participate in school governance in rural communities (Ministerial Review Study, 2004).
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- Date Issued: 2012
Bruising in slaughter cattle: its relationship with creatine kinase (CK) levels and meat quality
- Authors: Mpakama, Thandiswa
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Beef quality , Creatine kinase , Cattle -- Transportation
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc Agric (Animal Science)
- Identifier: vital:11821 , http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006850 , Beef quality , Creatine kinase , Cattle -- Transportation
- Description: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of pre-slaughter conditions and anima-l related factors on bruising, creatine kinase (CK) and beef quality. Three hundred and twenty one cattle from three breeds (108 Bonsmara, 130 Beefmaster and 83 Brahman) were used in this study. The animals were grouped according to age categories as follows; Group 1(16months), Group 2 (18months) and Group 3 (24 months). Blood samples for CK determination were collected at exsanguisation using disposable vacutainer tubes. The Muscularis longisimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle was used to determine beef colour (L,* a* and b*) and ultimate pH. Significant P (<0.05) breed effects were observed on bruising score and CK levels with Bonsmara breed having the highest percentage (80 percent) of bruising score and higher CK (705.3±80.57) values. The higher CK levels were also in winter season. The effect of breed, sex and age at slaughter on meat quality (pHu, L*, a*, b*) was also observed. There were positive correlations between distance travelled and meat quality, while there was no relationship observed between CK and distance travelled. Therefore, it was concluded that animal related factors had an effect on meat quality and CK levels.
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- Date Issued: 2012