A critical discourse analysis of the construction of adolescent-friendly services within training documents used by the National Adolescent-friendly Clinic Initiative in South Africa
- Authors: Ferrucci, Daniella
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Discourse analysis Teenagers Reproductive health
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12722 , vital:39315
- Description: The objective of this study was to critically explore the construction of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health and services within the South African National Adolescent-Friendly Clinic Initiative (NAFCI), by examining the training manuals and information booklets used to train the health service providers working within this programme. This was completed through the use of Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA) and positioning theory. FDA was used to look for themes or discourses that emerged in the text, and to examine the role that power and language played in the talk around adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Positioning theory was used to explore the manner in which the young woman and health service provider were positioned within the documents, and the implications this had in relation to sexual and reproductive health and services. The discourses that emerged included discourses of risk, namely the “adolescent-in-transition” and the “sex-as-danger-and-disease” discourse; followed by the empowering discourse, the discourse of rights and responsibility, expert advice, and management and surveillance. These discourses generally depicted adolescent sexual and reproductive health in a mostly negative and problematic manner, which needed to be managed and governed by the more powerful and dominant medical expert. These discourses also positioned the young woman and the health care provider in contradictory ways. The young woman was either positioned as risk-seeking and problematic, due to her sexual behaviour, leaving her vulnerable in terms of her health and power; or she was positioned in a positive, healthy and responsible light. The health service provider was also positioned in contradictory ways. First she was positioned as an advisor and expert, due to her knowledge and skills; but then her position shifts into that a problem and a hindrance to accessing sexual and reproductive health services. The implications of these discourses serve to make sexual and reproductive healthcare a problem located within the individual. It fails to acknowledge the structural imbalances that are known to South Africa, but rather tries to construct it as a problem that needs to be managed by placing responsibility on the young woman and the health service providers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Ferrucci, Daniella
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Discourse analysis Teenagers Reproductive health
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12722 , vital:39315
- Description: The objective of this study was to critically explore the construction of adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health and services within the South African National Adolescent-Friendly Clinic Initiative (NAFCI), by examining the training manuals and information booklets used to train the health service providers working within this programme. This was completed through the use of Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA) and positioning theory. FDA was used to look for themes or discourses that emerged in the text, and to examine the role that power and language played in the talk around adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Positioning theory was used to explore the manner in which the young woman and health service provider were positioned within the documents, and the implications this had in relation to sexual and reproductive health and services. The discourses that emerged included discourses of risk, namely the “adolescent-in-transition” and the “sex-as-danger-and-disease” discourse; followed by the empowering discourse, the discourse of rights and responsibility, expert advice, and management and surveillance. These discourses generally depicted adolescent sexual and reproductive health in a mostly negative and problematic manner, which needed to be managed and governed by the more powerful and dominant medical expert. These discourses also positioned the young woman and the health care provider in contradictory ways. The young woman was either positioned as risk-seeking and problematic, due to her sexual behaviour, leaving her vulnerable in terms of her health and power; or she was positioned in a positive, healthy and responsible light. The health service provider was also positioned in contradictory ways. First she was positioned as an advisor and expert, due to her knowledge and skills; but then her position shifts into that a problem and a hindrance to accessing sexual and reproductive health services. The implications of these discourses serve to make sexual and reproductive healthcare a problem located within the individual. It fails to acknowledge the structural imbalances that are known to South Africa, but rather tries to construct it as a problem that needs to be managed by placing responsibility on the young woman and the health service providers.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring the identity construction of Johannesburg bodybuilders with Photovoice
- Authors: Rogers, Keegan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) Bodybuilders Athletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12631 , vital:39294
- Description: Identity is a complex concept involving not only who one is, but who one is becoming. Identity is often shaped by one’s experiences and by one’s environment. The identity of bodybuilders is constructed through their experiences, which are often hidden. Using Participant Action Research, specifically Photovoice, the participants were provided a platform to share their experience from their own perspective. This research aimed to explore the identity of bodybuilders and what shapes their identity. Four male bodybuilders between the ages of twenty-one and twenty-eight participated in the study. The sample of participants consisted of two black males and two Caucasian males. The four athletes either selected or took photographs of significant aspects in their life that they felt contributed to their identity. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with the athletes regarding the photographic images they took. The interview transcripts and photographs were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Five main themes were identified: Diet (including water intake and on/off season cycles), Presentation of physique, Psychological impact on self-confidence, Risks involved with bodybuilding and Impact on personal life. Significances of the themes were discussed with the aim of increasing awareness regarding the experience of bodybuilders and how their experience as bodybuilders has shaped their identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Rogers, Keegan
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Identity (Psychology) Bodybuilders Athletes
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSoc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/12631 , vital:39294
- Description: Identity is a complex concept involving not only who one is, but who one is becoming. Identity is often shaped by one’s experiences and by one’s environment. The identity of bodybuilders is constructed through their experiences, which are often hidden. Using Participant Action Research, specifically Photovoice, the participants were provided a platform to share their experience from their own perspective. This research aimed to explore the identity of bodybuilders and what shapes their identity. Four male bodybuilders between the ages of twenty-one and twenty-eight participated in the study. The sample of participants consisted of two black males and two Caucasian males. The four athletes either selected or took photographs of significant aspects in their life that they felt contributed to their identity. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with the athletes regarding the photographic images they took. The interview transcripts and photographs were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Five main themes were identified: Diet (including water intake and on/off season cycles), Presentation of physique, Psychological impact on self-confidence, Risks involved with bodybuilding and Impact on personal life. Significances of the themes were discussed with the aim of increasing awareness regarding the experience of bodybuilders and how their experience as bodybuilders has shaped their identity.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
Exploring women's experience of fundal pressure during the second stage of labour
- Authors: Okafor, Uchenna Benedine
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Labor (Obstetrics) Childbirth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Magister of Curationis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15532 , vital:40424
- Description: Background and Aim: Despite the use of fundal pressure globally, there is a scarcity of information available on how women experience the application of uterine fundal pressure (UFP) during the second stage of labour. The aim of study was to explore the experiences of women concerning UFP application during the second stage of labour. Understanding women’s perception about UFP is important in informing the generation of new ideas to improve on the application of UFP for better outcomes. Methods: This was a qualitative, interpretive, and phenomenological analysis designed to explore the experiences of women regarding the application of UFP during the second stage of labour. Hermeneutics was applied to interpret the participants’ descriptions of their experiences as they tried to make sense of their exposure to UFP; bearing this in mind, the participants’ own interpretation was not distorted. The researcher immersed herself in each transcript, in order to make sense of each participant’s experiences and to gain a sense of what the participant had experienced during UFP application. Each interview was transcribed and analysed independently; and the convergences and divergences of themes were identified without losing the original meaning of each participant’s description before moving on to the subsequent interviews. The target population was women who had had UFP during second stage of labour. A purposive sampling method was used to select three women who were admitted to the DVDHMOU during the research period and who met the inclusion criteria. Information was collected through individual face-to-face interviews and semi-structured interview guide. The principal question was framed as: “Can you please share with me how you felt when the midwives pushed on your tummy to get the baby out”? An audio tape was used to record the interviews, and a notepad was used to make notes of gestures such smiles or other facial expressions. After each interview, the recorded interview was transferred onto a laptop and a file was opened for the interviewee, identified by a pseudonym. The interviews were transcribed verbatim as Word documents. Trustworthiness was maintained by applying the principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethical Committee of the University of Fort Hare. Permission to conduct the study was sought from the Eastern Cape Research Committee and Buffalo City Metropolitan Health District. Informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to data collection. Each interview was analysed separately after completion. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis applicable to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) studies using six steps: reading and re-reading; initial noting; developing emergent themes; searching for connections across the emergent themes; moving to the next case; and lastly, looking for patterns across cases. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the informants had feelings of fear, loneliness, worry and tearfulness; but also happiness associated with UFP during second stage of labour. They were also worried and expressed fear and anxiety concerning their infants; and their ability to give birth increased as they get tired in the process of pushing during UFP application. However, seeing their infants for the first time took most of the worries away, and all informants expressed relief when the birthing process was over. They also felt that their birthing experience was a very painful event; and were left alone, and they had not been given anything to drink or eat during labour. Midwives threatened them that their inability to pushing appropriately, could cause the death of their infants, leaving them with feelings of guilt and despair when their babies did not cry directly after birth. The findings demonstrated that midwives did not properly inform women what to expect during the second stage of their labour, whilst the midwives expected birthing mothers to know what was happening to them and how to react. Women in labour therefore depended almost entirely on information received from family members, and went into labour with preconceived ideas about labour pain. Although women do experience pain during the second stage of labour, the application UFP increased their pain. Four main themes emerged from the analysis, which are: perceived severity of UFP pain,emotional/physical reaction to UFP pain, perceptions of UFP and perception of midwives care and treatment. Conclusion: The uterine fundal pressure is not a pleasant experience for the women in the second stage of labour. Labouring women experienced pain, fear, and anxiety. However, they felt a sense of happiness after delivery. Before the application of UFP during the second stage of labour, midwives should explain to women the process of UFP application and what they can expect to happen; and where possible, and after explaining the procedure, midwives should get written permission before they apply the intervention during labour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Okafor, Uchenna Benedine
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Labor (Obstetrics) Childbirth
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , Magister of Curationis
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/15532 , vital:40424
- Description: Background and Aim: Despite the use of fundal pressure globally, there is a scarcity of information available on how women experience the application of uterine fundal pressure (UFP) during the second stage of labour. The aim of study was to explore the experiences of women concerning UFP application during the second stage of labour. Understanding women’s perception about UFP is important in informing the generation of new ideas to improve on the application of UFP for better outcomes. Methods: This was a qualitative, interpretive, and phenomenological analysis designed to explore the experiences of women regarding the application of UFP during the second stage of labour. Hermeneutics was applied to interpret the participants’ descriptions of their experiences as they tried to make sense of their exposure to UFP; bearing this in mind, the participants’ own interpretation was not distorted. The researcher immersed herself in each transcript, in order to make sense of each participant’s experiences and to gain a sense of what the participant had experienced during UFP application. Each interview was transcribed and analysed independently; and the convergences and divergences of themes were identified without losing the original meaning of each participant’s description before moving on to the subsequent interviews. The target population was women who had had UFP during second stage of labour. A purposive sampling method was used to select three women who were admitted to the DVDHMOU during the research period and who met the inclusion criteria. Information was collected through individual face-to-face interviews and semi-structured interview guide. The principal question was framed as: “Can you please share with me how you felt when the midwives pushed on your tummy to get the baby out”? An audio tape was used to record the interviews, and a notepad was used to make notes of gestures such smiles or other facial expressions. After each interview, the recorded interview was transferred onto a laptop and a file was opened for the interviewee, identified by a pseudonym. The interviews were transcribed verbatim as Word documents. Trustworthiness was maintained by applying the principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethical Committee of the University of Fort Hare. Permission to conduct the study was sought from the Eastern Cape Research Committee and Buffalo City Metropolitan Health District. Informed consent was obtained from the participants prior to data collection. Each interview was analysed separately after completion. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis applicable to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) studies using six steps: reading and re-reading; initial noting; developing emergent themes; searching for connections across the emergent themes; moving to the next case; and lastly, looking for patterns across cases. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the informants had feelings of fear, loneliness, worry and tearfulness; but also happiness associated with UFP during second stage of labour. They were also worried and expressed fear and anxiety concerning their infants; and their ability to give birth increased as they get tired in the process of pushing during UFP application. However, seeing their infants for the first time took most of the worries away, and all informants expressed relief when the birthing process was over. They also felt that their birthing experience was a very painful event; and were left alone, and they had not been given anything to drink or eat during labour. Midwives threatened them that their inability to pushing appropriately, could cause the death of their infants, leaving them with feelings of guilt and despair when their babies did not cry directly after birth. The findings demonstrated that midwives did not properly inform women what to expect during the second stage of their labour, whilst the midwives expected birthing mothers to know what was happening to them and how to react. Women in labour therefore depended almost entirely on information received from family members, and went into labour with preconceived ideas about labour pain. Although women do experience pain during the second stage of labour, the application UFP increased their pain. Four main themes emerged from the analysis, which are: perceived severity of UFP pain,emotional/physical reaction to UFP pain, perceptions of UFP and perception of midwives care and treatment. Conclusion: The uterine fundal pressure is not a pleasant experience for the women in the second stage of labour. Labouring women experienced pain, fear, and anxiety. However, they felt a sense of happiness after delivery. Before the application of UFP during the second stage of labour, midwives should explain to women the process of UFP application and what they can expect to happen; and where possible, and after explaining the procedure, midwives should get written permission before they apply the intervention during labour.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
The contribution of small-scale fisheries to rural livelihoods and food security : evidence from Hamburg, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- Authors: Budaza, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Small-scale fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Food supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fishery management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10338 , vital:35396
- Description: Small-scale fisheries are known to provide food and income to millions of people around the world, but their role and existence is often ignored in development planning. The growing human demand for animal protein has become one of the foremost world challenges for which aquatic organisms have a significant role to play. In South Africa, small-scale fisheries have been recognized since the end of Apartheid, but the extent of the contribution of the sector to rural livelihoods and food security is not well understood. Using data drawn from a sample of 80 fishers in the coastal community of Hamburg, Eastern Cape, this dissertation presents an assessment of the contribution of small-scale fisheries to rural livelihoods, income and food security. The primary data were collected from the fishers using a structured questionnaire and non-probability sampling. The data were analysed with the assistance of descriptive techniques and a few simply statistical tests. The results of the study indicate that fishers in Hamburg catch a wide range of fish, which include wild kob, octopus, spotted grunter, white/black mussel cracker and white steenbras. Fishers in the study area are not solely dependent on small-scale fisheries for their livelihoods, income and food security, but generally supplement their welfare payments with fishing in order to sustain their livelihoods. About 78percent of the surveyed fishers depend on government grants, including old age grants, child support grants and social care grant. In terms of employment, 15percent of the surveyed fishers are casually employed, while 6percent are formally employed on a contract basis. Although they are not only dependent on fishing, nevertheless fishing is an important source of livelihood, income and food security. About 37percent of the fishers harvest marine resources for home consumption, while 7percent harvest solely for income, and 56percent harvest for both home consumption and income. Income generated from fisheries is approximately R935 per month and is used to buy food, electricity, fishing equipment and other household needs. The findings from this research underline the need for interventions such as coordinated institutions, improved infrastructure, improved monitoring and enforcement systems, as well as improved access to permit/fishing rights for sustainable use of marine resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- Authors: Budaza, Nwabisa
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Small-scale fisheries -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Food supply -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Fishery management -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10353/10338 , vital:35396
- Description: Small-scale fisheries are known to provide food and income to millions of people around the world, but their role and existence is often ignored in development planning. The growing human demand for animal protein has become one of the foremost world challenges for which aquatic organisms have a significant role to play. In South Africa, small-scale fisheries have been recognized since the end of Apartheid, but the extent of the contribution of the sector to rural livelihoods and food security is not well understood. Using data drawn from a sample of 80 fishers in the coastal community of Hamburg, Eastern Cape, this dissertation presents an assessment of the contribution of small-scale fisheries to rural livelihoods, income and food security. The primary data were collected from the fishers using a structured questionnaire and non-probability sampling. The data were analysed with the assistance of descriptive techniques and a few simply statistical tests. The results of the study indicate that fishers in Hamburg catch a wide range of fish, which include wild kob, octopus, spotted grunter, white/black mussel cracker and white steenbras. Fishers in the study area are not solely dependent on small-scale fisheries for their livelihoods, income and food security, but generally supplement their welfare payments with fishing in order to sustain their livelihoods. About 78percent of the surveyed fishers depend on government grants, including old age grants, child support grants and social care grant. In terms of employment, 15percent of the surveyed fishers are casually employed, while 6percent are formally employed on a contract basis. Although they are not only dependent on fishing, nevertheless fishing is an important source of livelihood, income and food security. About 37percent of the fishers harvest marine resources for home consumption, while 7percent harvest solely for income, and 56percent harvest for both home consumption and income. Income generated from fisheries is approximately R935 per month and is used to buy food, electricity, fishing equipment and other household needs. The findings from this research underline the need for interventions such as coordinated institutions, improved infrastructure, improved monitoring and enforcement systems, as well as improved access to permit/fishing rights for sustainable use of marine resources.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2018
- «
- ‹
- 1
- ›
- »