A mathematical investigation of the effects of sexual orientation and HIV status on HPV transmission and vaccination
- Authors: Holtzhausen, Tresia Louisa
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Virus diseases -- Mathematical models , Cervix uteri -- Cancer -- Treatment , Sexual orientation , Immune response -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3946 , vital:20494
- Description: The effect of the inclusion of sexual behaviour, particularly three sexual orientation classes, on the transmission dynamics of HPV and cervical cancer incidence was investigated. A comprehensive literature review of mathematical models of HPV transmission and the natural history of cervical cancer was concluded. A mathematical model using ordinary differential equations was developed, which incorporated the three sexual orientation classes, and a sexual mixing algorithm for modelling the transmission dynamics. Reproduction numbers, determined through a simplified version of the developed model, indicated that the bisexual population could form a bridge between the heterosexual and homosexual population. The level of interaction is determined by the selection preferences of a bisexual individual to form a partnership with an individual of the same or opposite sex. The model was simulated, with parameters based on a South African population and HPV type 16/18, to investigate the effects of HIV status, sexual orientation and various vaccination strategies on HPV transmission and cervical cancer incidence. The results indicated that HIV status is a significant factor when determining cervical cancer incidence. The results regarding vaccination strategies agreed with results from the literature review with a two sex before sexual debut and catch up program the most effective, noting that with increased vaccination coverage of females the marginal impact on cervical cancer incidence of this approach diminished.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Holtzhausen, Tresia Louisa
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Virus diseases -- Mathematical models , Cervix uteri -- Cancer -- Treatment , Sexual orientation , Immune response -- Mathematical models
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MSc
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3946 , vital:20494
- Description: The effect of the inclusion of sexual behaviour, particularly three sexual orientation classes, on the transmission dynamics of HPV and cervical cancer incidence was investigated. A comprehensive literature review of mathematical models of HPV transmission and the natural history of cervical cancer was concluded. A mathematical model using ordinary differential equations was developed, which incorporated the three sexual orientation classes, and a sexual mixing algorithm for modelling the transmission dynamics. Reproduction numbers, determined through a simplified version of the developed model, indicated that the bisexual population could form a bridge between the heterosexual and homosexual population. The level of interaction is determined by the selection preferences of a bisexual individual to form a partnership with an individual of the same or opposite sex. The model was simulated, with parameters based on a South African population and HPV type 16/18, to investigate the effects of HIV status, sexual orientation and various vaccination strategies on HPV transmission and cervical cancer incidence. The results indicated that HIV status is a significant factor when determining cervical cancer incidence. The results regarding vaccination strategies agreed with results from the literature review with a two sex before sexual debut and catch up program the most effective, noting that with increased vaccination coverage of females the marginal impact on cervical cancer incidence of this approach diminished.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
An analysis of how university management and administration staff deal with the social, cultural, economic and political differences that exist between urban and rural first year male students: an NMMU case study
- Authors: Tswane, Silvesta Sisonke
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Student affairs administrators -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Counseling in higher education -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University -- Undergraduates
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9220 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020898
- Description: This study is a qualitative review to identify factors impacting on the management of student development and support at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in a developing country. For the purpose of the study student development and support includes all developmental and supportive services and interventions for rural and urban students within an institution of higher learning, regardless of the current structuring of the functions. The study first contextualises the scenario of a developing country in terms of the socio-economic, political, higher education, labour and other factors that set the scene for student development and support and then continues with a systematic exposition of factors that have direct relevance and impact on the future of student development and support. A systematic investigation of NMMU by means of interviews with student affairs professionals make it possible to identify factors that have direct relevance and impact on the future management and provision of student development and support. The result of the study is a construction of the specific factors identified on the international, national and institutional levels as well as the intricate relationships between rural and urban students. This research provides a potential framework for future management and provision of strategic focus areas for student development and support functions within NMMU and higher education in a developing country to ensure that it effectively positions the function within higher education as a key component of the core agenda.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Tswane, Silvesta Sisonke
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Student affairs administrators -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Counseling in higher education -- South Africa -- Port Elizabeth , Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University -- Undergraduates
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:9220 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020898
- Description: This study is a qualitative review to identify factors impacting on the management of student development and support at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in a developing country. For the purpose of the study student development and support includes all developmental and supportive services and interventions for rural and urban students within an institution of higher learning, regardless of the current structuring of the functions. The study first contextualises the scenario of a developing country in terms of the socio-economic, political, higher education, labour and other factors that set the scene for student development and support and then continues with a systematic exposition of factors that have direct relevance and impact on the future of student development and support. A systematic investigation of NMMU by means of interviews with student affairs professionals make it possible to identify factors that have direct relevance and impact on the future management and provision of student development and support. The result of the study is a construction of the specific factors identified on the international, national and institutional levels as well as the intricate relationships between rural and urban students. This research provides a potential framework for future management and provision of strategic focus areas for student development and support functions within NMMU and higher education in a developing country to ensure that it effectively positions the function within higher education as a key component of the core agenda.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The Accidental Prospector
- Authors: De Moor, Irene J
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Uncataloged
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5961 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004214
- Description: While excavating an ant nest in the river gravels of the NW Cape Diamond fields, Amanda de Bruyn, an entomologist studying the aggressive Camponotus fulvopilosus,finds a diamond. She is torn between the necessity of handing it in to the authorities and the dream of making a quick buck. When a stroke of bad luck renders her current research project null and void she is faced with the prospect of losing her career and her research funding. She is forced to consider selling her diamond and embarks on an adventure that will carry herback into South Africa’s dark past and derail her marriage and career.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: De Moor, Irene J
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Uncataloged
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , MA
- Identifier: vital:5961 , http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004214
- Description: While excavating an ant nest in the river gravels of the NW Cape Diamond fields, Amanda de Bruyn, an entomologist studying the aggressive Camponotus fulvopilosus,finds a diamond. She is torn between the necessity of handing it in to the authorities and the dream of making a quick buck. When a stroke of bad luck renders her current research project null and void she is faced with the prospect of losing her career and her research funding. She is forced to consider selling her diamond and embarks on an adventure that will carry herback into South Africa’s dark past and derail her marriage and career.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
The criminalization of HIV/AIDS : a comparative analysis
- Authors: Myburgh, Rene
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Law and legislation -- South Africa. , HIV-positive persons -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- South Africa , Liability (Law) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:10185 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020754
- Description: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)1 and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)2 have become a global epidemic. With an average of 35.3 million people infected with the virus worldwide, countries are desperate to curb HIV infections.3 Most HIV positive men, women and children are found in Sub-Saharan Africa.4 In an attempt to fight HIV/AIDS, some countries have opted for an approach of criminalization, where it is a crime to infect or expose another person to the virus.5 Other countries, such as South Africa, have chosen to avoid the criminalization approach, and to focus rather on public health schemes that can assist in the prevention of transmission. The United Nations (UN) has stated that overly broad application of criminal law to HIV raises serious human rights and public health concerns.7 Because of these concerns, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has urged states to limit application of criminal law to HIV-related cases.8 Furthermore, UNAIDS has urged states to rather employ scientifically proven methods to prevent HIV transmission. This treatise will set out the laws adopted by Canada, Zimbabwe, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and South Africa. Out of all five countries, South Africa is the only country that does not criminalize HIV transmission or exposure.10 In setting out the common law, statute law, case law as well as academic considerations, this treatise will attempt to identify trends in the current criminalization of HIV climate. In addition to setting out the law in the five countries, this treatise seeks to show that South Africa is one of the few countries with a developed legal system to shy away from criminalization. This treatise also seeks to establish whether South Africa’s approach is a suitable option for the country, considering it boasts the highest HIV infection rate in the world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
- Authors: Myburgh, Rene
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: AIDS (Disease) -- Law and legislation -- South Africa , Sexually transmitted diseases -- Law and legislation -- South Africa. , HIV-positive persons -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- South Africa , Liability (Law) -- South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Thesis , Masters , LLM
- Identifier: vital:10185 , http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020754
- Description: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)1 and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)2 have become a global epidemic. With an average of 35.3 million people infected with the virus worldwide, countries are desperate to curb HIV infections.3 Most HIV positive men, women and children are found in Sub-Saharan Africa.4 In an attempt to fight HIV/AIDS, some countries have opted for an approach of criminalization, where it is a crime to infect or expose another person to the virus.5 Other countries, such as South Africa, have chosen to avoid the criminalization approach, and to focus rather on public health schemes that can assist in the prevention of transmission. The United Nations (UN) has stated that overly broad application of criminal law to HIV raises serious human rights and public health concerns.7 Because of these concerns, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has urged states to limit application of criminal law to HIV-related cases.8 Furthermore, UNAIDS has urged states to rather employ scientifically proven methods to prevent HIV transmission. This treatise will set out the laws adopted by Canada, Zimbabwe, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and South Africa. Out of all five countries, South Africa is the only country that does not criminalize HIV transmission or exposure.10 In setting out the common law, statute law, case law as well as academic considerations, this treatise will attempt to identify trends in the current criminalization of HIV climate. In addition to setting out the law in the five countries, this treatise seeks to show that South Africa is one of the few countries with a developed legal system to shy away from criminalization. This treatise also seeks to establish whether South Africa’s approach is a suitable option for the country, considering it boasts the highest HIV infection rate in the world.
- Full Text:
- Date Issued: 2013
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